MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be Feb 28 2018, 11:27 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
court except for the purpose of establishing Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Robert W. Eherenman Marylyn K.L. Ernsberger
Andrew L. Teel Ernsberger & Helmer, P.C.
Haller & Colvin, P.C. Angola, Indiana
Fort Wayne, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In re the Paternity of W.J.L., February 28, 2018
Minor Child Court of Appeals Case No.
44A04-1709-JP-2142
Helen Burns, Appeal from the LaGrange Circuit
Appellant-Respondent, Court
The Honorable J. Scott
v. VanDerbeck, Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
Landon Lemings, 44C01-1512-JP-36
Appellee-Petitioner
Crone, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 44A04-1709-JP-2142 | February 28, 2018 Page 1 of 8
Case Summary
[1] Helen Burns (“Mother”) and Landon Lemings (“Father”) are the biological
parents of W.J.L. (“Child”). Father initiated a paternity action. The trial court
awarded him parenting time with Child, to be supervised by either Mother or
Father’s parents (“Grandparents”). Father and Mother filed competing
motions to modify parenting time. After a hearing, the trial court issued an
order awarding Grandparents visitation with Child. Mother filed a notice of
appeal from that order, and Father filed a motion to clarify the order. After the
trial court clerk filed a notice of completion of clerk’s record with this Court, the
trial court issued an order in response to Father’s motion to clarify. On appeal,
Mother argues that the trial court had no authority to award Grandparents
visitation and had no authority to enter the second order. We agree with
Mother’s first argument, but the record before us is insufficient to address the
second. Therefore, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] The relevant facts are undisputed. Child was born in September 2014. In
December 2015, Father initiated a paternity action. In January 2016, the trial
court found Father to be Child’s biological parent, awarded the parties joint
legal custody, and awarded Father parenting time “on Tuesday and Thursday
for three hours, and also on Sunday for four hours[,]” to be supervised by either
Grandparents or Mother. Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 18. In March 2016,
Father filed a motion to modify his parenting time to unsupervised. In May
2016, Mother filed a competing motion to modify parenting time, alleging that
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 44A04-1709-JP-2142 | February 28, 2018 Page 2 of 8
Grandparents were not appropriately supervising Father’s parenting time. After
a hearing,1 on August 18, 2017, the trial court issued an order (“the August
2017 order”) with the following relevant findings:
6. Mother does little to extend child visitation to Father and
Paternal Grandparents, beyond the three hours on Tuesday and
Thursday and four hours on Sunday.
7. This restrictive attitude has led to missed child visitation
opportunities during holidays, funerals and family reunions.
8. This restrictive attitude has added fuel to a growing bad
relationship between the parents and grandparents. All the
tensions make the present child visitation schedule strained.
9. Individually, each parent and all grandparents are loving
people who are concerned for the best interest of [Child].
….
13. It is the best interest of [Child] that child visitation be
modified to two hours, two days per week with father. These
visitations are to be supervised by Safe Exchange and Family
Ties through CAVA.…
….
16. It is in the best interest for [Child] that [Grandparents] may
have child visitation with [Child] on alternate Sundays from
12:00 PM – 6:00 P.M. and holidays as defined in the Indiana
Parenting Time Guidelines for children 3 and above. They are
1
The parties’ appendices contain portions of the hearing transcript in contravention of Indiana Appellate
Rule 50(F) (“Because the Transcript is transmitted to the Court on Appeal pursuant to Rule 12(B), parties
should not reproduce any portion of the Transcript in the Appendix.”).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 44A04-1709-JP-2142 | February 28, 2018 Page 3 of 8
not to allow father to have unsupervised child visitation. All
pickup and delivery should occur at Mother’s home. If the
designated driver is fifteen minutes late to Mother’s house, no
child visitation is required.
Id. at 67-68.
[3] On September 15, 2017, Mother filed a notice of appeal from the August 2017
order. On September 18, 2017, Father filed a motion to clarify the order. On
September 21, 2017, the trial court set a hearing on Father’s motion for October
4, 2017. On September 25, 2017, the trial court clerk filed a notice of
completion of clerk’s record with this Court; the record before us does not
indicate when the notice was noted in the chronological case summary
(“CCS”). On September 27, 2017, Mother filed a response to Father’s motion
to clarify. On October 4, 2017, the trial court held a hearing on the motion and
issued an order (“the October 2017 order”) that reads in pertinent part as
follows:
2. Mother filed a Notice of Appeal on or about September 15,
2017. The LaGrange Circuit Court Clerk’s record has not yet
been completed and this Court has jurisdiction over the issues
presented for today’s hearing.
3. Paragraph 16 of the Court Order of August 18, 2017 should be
stricken and replaced with the following[:]
“16.
A. The parties are highly dependent on the largess of their
parents. The parties both reside either with their parents
or in a rental property owned by their parents. The parties
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 44A04-1709-JP-2142 | February 28, 2018 Page 4 of 8
both employed by enterprises owned or controlled by their
parents. [Child] has been raised in the close proximity and
has been in extensive contact with both sets of
grandparents and the parents. This contact with each set
of Grandparents is beneficial to the successful well-being
of [Child].
B. It is in the best interest of [Child], for the time being,
that [Grandparents] have child visitation with [Child] on
alternate Sundays from 12:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. and
holidays as defined in the Indiana Parenting Time
guidelines for children 3 and above. They are to have
[Child] available for supervised visitation with the Father.
The Grandparents are not to allow father to have
unsupervised child visitation. They are to return [Child] to
the Mother at the conclusion of visitation. All pickup and
delivery should occur at Mother’s home. At the beginning
of visitation, if the designated driver is fifteen minutes late
to Mother’s house, no child visitation is required.
C. For the present, consistent with I.C. 31-14-14-1,
unsupervised parenting time by the Petitioner with the
minor child might significantly impair the child’s
emotional development.
D. Father is to undergo a formal substance abuse
evaluation and follow through with any recommended
treatment provider.
E. Father is to continue counselling each two weeks with
Mr. Lewis. Father is to follow any additional treatment
recommended by Mr. Lewis, including that which focus
on depression and anxiety, psychiatric review to better
coordinate any need for medication.”
In all further regards, this Court’s decision of August 18, 2017 is
affirmed and ratified.
Id. at 75-76. The parties subsequently filed their appellate briefs.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 44A04-1709-JP-2142 | February 28, 2018 Page 5 of 8
Discussion and Decision
Section 1 – The trial court had no authority to award
Grandparents visitation with Child.
[4] Mother’s overarching argument is that the trial court had no authority to award
Grandparents visitation with Child. We agree.
[5] We will reverse a trial court’s order concerning visitation only upon a showing
of manifest abuse of discretion. Malicoat v. Wolf, 792 N.E.2d 89, 93 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2003). An abuse of discretion occurs if the decision is clearly against the
logic and effect of the facts and circumstances or if the court misinterprets or
misapplies the law. Barwick v. Ceruti, 31 N.E.3d 1008, 1013 (Ind. Ct. App.
2015). In Jocham v. Sutliff, another panel of this Court explained that
“[g]randparents historically had no common-law right to visitation with their
grandchildren. In 1982, the Indiana legislature passed the Grandparent
Visitation Act (“GVA”), which is the exclusive basis for a grandparent to seek
visitation. Because the GVA was enacted in derogation of the common law, it
must be strictly construed.” 26 N.E.3d 82, 85 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) (emphasis
added) (citing In re Visitation of M.L.B., 983 N.E.2d 583, 585 (Ind. 2013)), trans.
denied.2 Indiana Code Section 31-17-5-3 of the GVA provides that a proceeding
for grandparent visitation must be commenced by the filing of a petition by a
grandparent entitled to receive visitation rights under Indiana Code Chapter 31-
2
We are unpersuaded by Father’s reliance on In re Guardianship of K.T., 743 N.E.2d 348 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001),
which is both factually and procedurally distinguishable.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 44A04-1709-JP-2142 | February 28, 2018 Page 6 of 8
17-5, and Grandparents did not file a petition in this case. The trial court
abused its discretion in awarding Grandparents visitation, and therefore we
reverse that portion of the August 2017 order and remand for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion. If it was the trial court’s intent to
provide for additional visitation for Father with Grandparents supervising and
providing transportation, the trial court on remand may convert the
Grandparent-only visitation to Grandparent-supervised visitation with Father
and allow Grandparents to transport Child to and from Mother’s home.
Section 2 – The record before us is insufficient to address
Mother’s argument that the trial court had no authority to
issue the October 2017 order.
[6] Mother also contends that the trial court had no authority to issue the October
2017 order because this Court acquired jurisdiction before it was issued.
Indiana Appellate Rule 8 provides in relevant part that “[t]he Court on Appeal
acquires jurisdiction on the date the Notice of Completion of Clerk’s Record is
noted in the Chronological Case Summary.” In this case, the trial court clerk
filed a notice of completion of clerk’s record with this Court on September 25,
2017, and attached an updated copy of the CCS to the notice, but the updated
CCS does not indicate that the notice was actually noted in the CCS on
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 44A04-1709-JP-2142 | February 28, 2018 Page 7 of 8
September 25.3 Because the record before us does not indicate when the notice
was actually noted in the CCS, we are unable to address Mother’s argument. 4
[7] Reversed and remanded.
Robb, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
3
The October 2017 order erroneously states that the clerk’s record had not yet been completed. We can only
presume that this statement was based on the fact that the transcript had not yet been completed, which is
irrelevant for purposes of Appellate Rule 8.
4
Indiana Trial Rule 77(B) provides that “[n]otation of judicial events in the [CCS] shall be made
promptly[.]” We would hope that the notice of completion of clerk’s record was noted in the CCS before the
October 2017 order was issued, but we decline to make any assumptions on a silent record. “There are
situations in which a trial court may retain jurisdiction and act notwithstanding a pending appeal.
Specifically, a trial court retains jurisdiction to perform such ministerial tasks as reassessing costs, correcting
the record, or enforcing a judgment.” In re Paternity of V.A., 10 N.E.3d 65, 68 n.5 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014).
Because we do not know whether this Court acquired jurisdiction before the trial court issued the October
2017 order, we do not address whether the order was merely ministerial.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 44A04-1709-JP-2142 | February 28, 2018 Page 8 of 8