IN THE SUPREME COURT OF IOWA
No. 71 / 05-1052
Filed February 23, 2007
BILL FENNELLY, SCOTT COUNTY
TREASURER,
Appellant,
vs.
A-1 MACHINE & TOOL CO.,
Appellee.
________________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Scott County, Gary D.
McKenrick, Judge.
Appeal and cross-appeal from summary judgment entered by the
district court in favor of the County Treasurer for claims against a
taxpayer based on property taxes from 1998–2001, and dismissing a
claim for property taxes from 1997. AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED
IN PART, AND REMANDED.
Thomas C. Fritzsche, Assistant County Attorney, for appellant.
John T. Flynn of Brubaker, Flynn & Darland, P.C., Davenport, for
appellee.
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CADY, Justice.
This appeal and cross-appeal is a companion case to Fennelly v. A-
1 Machine & Tool Co., 728163W.2d ___ (Iowa 2006) [hereinafter Fennelly
I], and involves an action brought to collect property taxes from 1997–
2001 after the district court dismissed the petition in Fennelly I. We are
presented with the question of whether the district court properly
granted summary judgment to A-1 Machine & Tool Co. (A-1) for the 1997
tax claim, and summary judgment to the Scott County Treasurer
(Treasurer) for the 1998–2001 tax claims. We conclude the reversal of
the district court judgment in Fennelly I necessitates reversing the 1997
tax claim judgment. We also conclude our decision in Fennelly I renders
A-1’s arguments based on res judicata inapplicable to the judgment for
the 1998–2001 taxes. Moreover, we conclude A-1’s remaining arguments
against summary judgment for the 1998–2001 taxes are without merit.
Finally, we conclude the parties’ arguments concerning attorney fees and
sanctions were either not preserved or are meritless. Accordingly, we
affirm the district court in part, reverse in part, and remand for further
proceedings.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings.
The background facts of this case are set out in our opinion in
Fennelly I. They involve a claim by the Treasurer to collect delinquent
real property taxes from A-1 for the tax years 1989–2001. In Fennelly I,
the district court dismissed the claim for each year, finding the claims for
delinquent taxes from 1989–1996 were outside the statute of limitations
and the claims for delinquent taxes from 1997–2001 could not be
brought because the Treasurer did not first obtain a tax sale certificate.
After the district court in Fennelly I granted summary judgment to A-1,
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and dismissed the petition to collect the delinquent taxes, the Treasurer
filed a notice of appeal. He then obtained a tax sale certificate for the tax
years from 1997–2001 (which was found lacking by the district court in
Fennelly I), and filed a new action in district court to collect the
delinquent taxes from 1997–2001.
A-1 moved to strike the 1997 and 1998 tax claims from the
Treasurer’s petition because of issue preclusion and the operation of the
five-year statute of limitations. A-1 also moved to dismiss the petition
and for summary judgment based on the operation of Iowa Rule of Civil
Procedure (IRCP) 1.444 and IRCP 1.946, and our principles of claim
preclusion. In its motion for summary judgment, A-1 also requested it
be awarded the costs of defense, including reasonable attorney’s fees and
court costs under either IRCP 1.413 or the common law. A-1 later filed
an affidavit in support of attorney’s fees.
The Treasurer resisted A-1’s motions, and claimed “[A-1’s] conduct
in bringing on this spurious motion for attorney’s fees is itself abusive,
and the Court should consider on its own initiative invoking sanctions
against [A-1] under IRCP 1.413(1).” The Treasurer then moved for
summary judgment. He claimed he was entitled to judgment as a matter
of law on the tax claims from 1997–2001 because A-1’s defenses were
irrelevant and immaterial, and there were no material controversies
between the parties.
The district court denied A-1’s motions, but did not discuss A-1’s
request for attorney fees and costs. As a result, the Treasurer moved
pursuant to IRCP 1.904(2) to enlarge the district court’s ruling so a
hearing could be set on A-1’s application for attorney’s fees and
sanctions, and for the district court to consider awarding fees and
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sanctions to the Treasurer on its own initiative. The district court denied
the Treasurer’s motion because it believed a hearing at this stage in the
proceedings was premature—as there had not been a trial on the merits
and the Treasurer’s motion for summary judgment was still pending.
Thereafter, A-1 moved for partial summary judgment regarding the
1997 tax claim. The district court entered judgment for A-1 on the 1997
tax claim based on issue preclusion. It found the district court’s
judgment in Fennelly I precluded the Treasurer from relitigating whether
the statute of limitations applied, and the 1997 tax claim was not
brought within the five-year period. The district court entered judgment
for the Treasurer on the claims for taxes from 1998–2001. It rejected all
the arguments raised by A-1, including the argument the claims were
barred by the doctrine of claim preclusion.
Both parties then moved pursuant to IRCP 1.904(2) to clarify the
district court’s order. Neither of these motions requested the court to
consider the parties’ original applications for attorney fees and sanctions.
The Treasurer, however, later requested the court to set an evidentiary
hearing regarding the parties’ “cross-applications” for IRCP 1.413(1) relief
in its resistance to A-1’s IRCP 1.904(2) motion. A-1 then resisted the
Treasurer’s IRCP 1.904(2) motion and made no mention of its application
for IRCP 1.413(1) relief.
The district court’s order regarding the parties’ IRCP 1.904(2)
motions declared the issues regarding IRCP 1.413(1) relief moot.
Subsequently, the Treasurer moved for an order nunc pro tunc to clarify
what the district court meant when it held the claims for attorney fees or
sanctions were moot. The Treasurer did so because he did not agree
with A-1’s interpretation of the district court’s order. A-1 interpreted the
5
order to mean it could still request common-law attorney fees (but not
fees or sanctions under IRCP 1.413(1)), whereas the Treasurer believed
the district court meant A-1’s dual application for fees and sanctions
under both the common-law and IRCP 1.413(1) was moot.
In the nunc pro tunc order, the Treasurer specifically requested
the district court deny as moot A-1’s dual application for attorney fees
and sanctions under both the common law and IRCP 1.413(1), and also
decline the Treasurer’s request for the court to consider on its own
initiative sanctioning A-1 under IRCP 1.413(1). The court declined the
Treasurer’s motion, emphasizing it had already concluded “all claims for
attorney fees were moot. No further explication or expansion of the
Court’s ruling is necessary.”
The Treasurer appealed from the judgment for A-1 on the 1997 tax
claim. A-1 cross-appealed from the judgment for the Treasurer on the
1998–2001 tax claims.
II. Standard of Review.
Our review in summary-judgment appeals is for the correction of
errors at law. Stewart v. Sisson, 711 N.W.2d 713, 715 (Iowa 2006).
A motion for summary judgment should only be granted if,
viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party, “the pleadings, depositions, answers to
interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the
affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to
any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a
judgment as a matter of law.”
Otterberg v. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co., 696 N.W.2d 24, 27 (Iowa 2005)
(quoting Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.981(3)). We generally review decisions
concerning attorney fees for an abuse of discretion, but decisions
regarding common-law attorney fees are reviewed de novo. Fennelly I,
728 N.W.2d at 167_; see In re Benson, 545 N.W.2d 252, 258 (Iowa 1996)
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(“An award of attorney’s fees is not a matter of right but rests within the
discretion of the court.”).
III. The Treasurer’s Appeal: Judgment for A-1 on 1997 Taxes.
The district court granted summary judgment for A-1 on the 1997
taxes based on issue preclusion. The court determined the statute-of-
limitations issue had already been litigated and decided (in favor of A-1)
by the district court in Fennelly I, and the Treasurer was precluded from
relitigating it again in this action. Because the court in Fennelly I
decided the five-year statute of limitations applies to the Treasurer, and
the Treasurer filed Fennelly II more than five years after the claim for
1997 taxes accrued, it entered summary judgment for A-1 on this claim.
On appeal in Fennelly I, we held the statute of limitations did not
apply to the Treasurer. Thus, we have before us a judgment based on a
judgment subsequently reversed. This situation is covered by section 16
of the Restatement (Second) of Judgments. That section provides:
A judgment based on an earlier judgment is not
nullified automatically by reason of the setting aside, or
reversal on appeal, or other nullification of that earlier
judgment; but the later judgment may be set aside, in
appropriate proceedings, with provision for any suitable
restitution of benefits received under it.
Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 16, at 145 (1982). A comment to
the section states when an appeal from the second judgment is pending
when the first judgment is reversed, “[t]he court should then normally set
aside the later judgment.” Id. § 16 cmt. c, at 147. Therefore, we reverse
the summary judgment for A-1 on the 1997 taxes.
IV. A-1’s Cross-Appeal: Judgment for the Treasurer on 1998–
2001 Taxes.
We next consider A-1’s argument on cross-appeal that the
Treasurer was precluded from suing again for the 1997–2001 taxes, after
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obtaining the tax sale certificates found lacking in the original action
brought by the Treasurer to collect the taxes. A-1 argues the operation
of IRCP 1.444 and IRCP 1.946, in conjunction with the doctrine of res
judicata, prohibits the Treasurer from bringing the second action. A-1
raised these arguments previously in its motion to dismiss and motion
for summary judgment. The district court, however, denied the motions,
holding IRCP 1.444 did not apply, the summary judgment in Fennelly I
was not an adjudication on the merits under IRCP 1.946, and, therefore,
res judicata did not apply. A-1 challenges these conclusions on cross-
appeal.
We need not resolve these arguments on their merits. On appeal
in Fennelly I, we reversed the “judgment” A-1 now claims as the basis for
claim preclusion. In such circumstances, A-1’s arguments in support of
claim preclusion are inapplicable. Even if the district court had agreed
with A-1 and granted summary judgment based on claim preclusion (or
we did so here on appeal), “[r]eversal and remand for further proceedings
on the entire case [in Fennelly I ] defeats preclusion entirely until a new
final judgment is entered by the trial court or the initial judgment is
restored by further appellate proceedings.” 18A Charles Alan Wright,
Arthur R. Miller & Edward H. Cooper, Federal Practice & Procedure
§ 4432, at 66–67 (2d ed. 2002); see Lulirama Ltd., Inc. v. Axcess Broad.
Servs., Inc., 128 F.3d 872, 876 n.2 (5th Cir. 1997) (noting plaintiff’s
claims cannot be barred by res judicata because state court’s decision
that formed the basis for res judicata was reversed, and that reversal
defeated preclusion entirely); Tavery v. United States, 897 F.2d 1032,
1033 (10th Cir. 1990) (reversing district court’s judgment that was based
on preclusion because the court vacated the decision of the tax court
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that formed the basis of the district court judgment); Amalgamated
Cotton Garment & Allied Indus. Fund v. J.B.C. Co. of Madera, Inc., 608
F. Supp. 158, 163 (W.D. Pa. 1984) (“A judgment that has been reversed
on appeal is thereby deprived of all conclusive effect for purposes of both
res judicata and collateral estoppel.”). Therefore, we need not address A-
1’s arguments regarding claim preclusion. 1
Nevertheless, a judgment was entered by the district court on the
Treasurer’s claims for taxes from 1998–2001. Therefore, we proceed to
address A-1’s remaining arguments to determine whether the district
court’s entry of summary judgment was otherwise valid.
A-1 essentially raises two claims of trial court error in entering
summary judgment for the 1998–2001 taxes. First, it claims its
resistance to the summary judgment motion set forth several items of
evidence to show the Treasurer was estopped to collect the taxes. This
evidence included claims by A-1 that the property taxed was no longer in
existence by 1998, A-1 was never contacted by the assessor to update
the tax list, the valuations of the property were increased by the
assessor, A-1 only kept its records for five to seven years, and it was
otherwise at a disadvantage in defending the lawsuit. Second, A-1
claims its resistance to the summary judgment presented a factual
1
The rationale we used to reverse the judgment on the 1997 tax claim is not
available for us regarding the 1998–2001 tax claims because this portion of the second
judgment (the judgment in this case) was not based on the judgment in Fennelly I. In
Fennelly I, the district court granted judgment for A-1 on the 1998–2001 taxes because
of the failure of the Treasurer to satisfy a condition precedent. The Treasurer then
satisfied the condition, filed a new action, and established his right to a judgment. That
judgment, however, was not based on the first judgment. Summary judgment granted
by the district court for the Treasurer on the 1998–2001 taxes in this case was based
on the decision by the district court that res judicata did not apply and A-1’s remaining
arguments were unavailing. Summary judgment was not granted based on the
judgment entered for A-1 in Fennelly I. Thus, the validity of the second judgment does
not rest on the validity of the first judgment and the Restatement rule does not apply.
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dispute over the question of whether the Treasurer gave A-1 the required
statutory notices to enable the Treasurer to collect the taxes.
We recognize equitable estoppel may be a viable defense to a
property tax collection action under exceptional circumstances. See
Fennelly I, 728 N.W.2d at 174; see also Williams v. VanSickle, 659
N.W.2d 572, 580 (Iowa 2003) (listing the elements of equitable estoppel).
We rejected this defense by A-1 in Fennelly I, and we again reject it under
the circumstances alleged in this case. The evidence alleged by A-1 falls
far short of the type of evidence necessary to establish equitable estoppel.
We agree with the district court that A-1 failed to present material facts
to support its claim as a matter of law.
A-1 also failed to establish a genuine issue of material fact to
withstand summary judgment by claiming it never received the statutory
notice of tax sale pertaining to the tax claims in dispute. See Iowa Code
§§ 445.2, 446.2, 446.9 (2005). This claim is insufficient because the
failure to receive the required notices is not a defense. See id. §§ 446.2,
446.9(4). The statute only requires the treasurer to properly mail notice.
Id. The Treasurer submitted evidence showing the notices were properly
mailed. Thus, A-1’s claim it never received the notices is insufficient to
withstand summary judgment.
Accordingly, we conclude the district court properly entered
summary judgment for the Treasurer on the 1998–2001 taxes.
V. Attorney Fee and Sanction Claims.
A-1 claims on appeal the district court should have granted A-1 an
award of common-law attorney fees. A-1 does not appeal the district
court’s denial of its application for fees and sanctions under IRCP
1.413(1). The Treasurer claims on appeal the district court abused its
10
discretion by not holding an evidentiary hearing to determine the
propriety of awarding attorney fees and sanctions against A-1.
A-1’s claim for common-law attorney fees on appeal was not
addressed in the district court’s summary judgment order, and A-1 failed
to bring this issue to the district court’s attention thereafter. As a result,
we hold A-1 did not preserve this issue for appeal. See Iowa R. Civ. P.
1.904(2); Meier v. Senecaut III, 641 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002) (“When
a district court fails to rule on an issue properly raised by a party, the
party who raised the issue must file a motion requesting a ruling in order
to preserve error for appeal.”).
The Treasurer responded to the district court’s summary judgment
order with an IRCP 1.904(2) motion and a subsequent “Request to Set
Evidentiary Hearing on Cross Applications for Rule 1.413(1) Relief.”
Even assuming this was sufficient to preserve error, the Treasurer later
abandoned his argument for an evidentiary hearing. Moreover, we do not
believe the district court abused its discretion when it determined all
claims for attorney fees and sanctions were moot, thereby denying the
Treasurer’s request for an evidentiary hearing.
The Treasurer originally requested the court to deny A-1’s
application for fees and sanctions. In the alternative, the Treasurer
requested the court to enter an order striking A-1’s application for fees,
and thereafter consider, on its own initiative, holding an evidentiary
hearing to award the Treasurer fees and sanctions. This remained the
Treasurer’s argument throughout the course of the proceedings, as he
never made a formal application for fees or sanctions under IRCP
1.413(1). Therefore, when the court denied A-1’s application for fees and
sanctions the Treasurer received what he requested, and his alternate
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request for an evidentiary hearing was, in fact, moot. Moreover, the
Treasurer abandoned any request for an evidentiary hearing in his
application for order nunc pro tunc by asking the court to decline the
invitation to enter sanctions and fees on its own initiative. We are
satisfied the record reveals the district court did not abuse its discretion
by denying the Treasurer an evidentiary hearing.
VI. Conclusion.
We have fully reviewed and considered all of the claims and
arguments of the parties. We reverse that portion of the summary
judgment ruling on the taxes for 1997. We affirm the judgment of the
district court as it relates to the taxes from 1998–2001. We also
conclude A-1 failed to preserve error regarding its claim for common-law
attorney fees, and the district court did not abuse its discretion by
declaring the attorney fee and sanction issues moot. We remand the
case to the district court for further proceedings, and to consider
consolidating the case with the further proceedings in Fennelly I.
AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.
All justices concur except Hecht and Appel, JJ., who take no part.