IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
AMIN KHANOF, No. 76300-8-1
Appellant, DIVISION ONE
V.
STATE OF WASHINGTON, UNPUBLISHED OPINION
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL &
HEALTH SERVICES,
Respondent. FILED: June 11,2018
SCHINDLER, J. — Amin Khanof, representing himself pro se, appeals the
administrative order requiring him to pay current and future child support and back child
support. Khanof argues the administrative law judge erred by imputing income and
ordering Khanof to pay back child support. Because substantial evidence supports the
order, we affirm.
TANF and Child Support Obligation
Amin Khanof and Maryam Javan were married on June 9, 2010. Javan gave
birth to their child on March 17, 2012. Khanof and Javan separated in January 2014.
Javan obtained an order of protection. Beginning January 22, 2014, Javan received
"Temporary Assistance for Needy Families"(TANF). The receipt of TANF results in an
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automatic assignment to the state of any rights to the support obligation of Khanof.1
The Department of Social and Health Services Division of Child Support(DCS)is
responsible for initiating child support enforcement.2
On February 6, 2014, DCS designated the enforcement action as"Good Cause
Level A." Good Cause Level A means DCS cannot proceed with enforcement because
of a risk of danger to Javan or the child and must close the case.3
On March 25, 2014, Khanof and Javan reconciled and resumed living together.
On March 4, 2015, Javan filed a petition for dissolution of the marriage and an order of
protection.
In late October 2015, DCS changed the enforcement action designation to "Good
Cause Level B." Good Cause Level B means DCS could proceed with child support
enforcement without the cooperation of Javan.4 On November 16,2015, DCS mailed
Khanof a letter informing him of the enforcement action. On December 24, DCS served
Khanof with a "Notice and Finding of Financial Responsibility." The Notice states
Khanof owes $427.00 for ongoing monthly current child support and $9,531.70 for back
child support.
Khanof timely objected to the Notice and Finding of Financial Responsibility and
requested an administrative hearing. Khanof argued the amount of child support was
incorrect because he was not currently working. Khanof also argued he should not be
responsible for back child support for the period of time that Javan received TANF.
1 RCW 74.20.330(1); WAC 388-14A-2005.
2 WAC 388-14A-2005(1).
'WAC 388-14A-2060(1)(a).
4 WAC 388-14A-2060(1)(b).
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No. 76300-8-1/3
Administrative Appeal
An administrative law judge(AU)held a hearing on March 2,2016. Khanof and
Javan testified. DCS claims officer Paul Piguet testified. DCS conceded it did not take
reasonable steps to locate Khanof between October 28,2015 and November 15, 2015.
On March 14, the AU issued a final order. The AU ordered Khanof to pay
current and future child support of $331.00 a month. The AU ordered Khanof to pay
$4,622.87 in back child support from January 22, 2014 through March 24, 2014 and
from March 5,2015 through February 29, 2016.
The AU entered findings of fact on the income and circumstances of Khanof and
Javan.
Mr. Khanofs income and circumstances: Mr. Khanof, age 34,
born June 15, 1981, is currently employed part-time as a veterinary
technician, earning $14.00 per hour. Prior to coming to the United
States four years ago, Mr. Khanof was a licensed veterinarian and
had his own veterinary clinic. Since he has moved to the United
States, he has received certification as a veterinary technician. He
is able to work at research facilities and university laboratories, but
is not a licensed veterinarian. Mr. Khanof does not have any
disabilities that interfere with his ability to work full-time. Therefore,
Mr. Khanofs monthly gross income is imputed to $2,426.66, which
represents monthly full-time earnings at $14.00 per hour.
Ms. Javan's Income and circumstances: Ms. Javan, age 42,
born August 11, 1973, is currently unemployed. She lost her job as
a child care worker on the day of the hearing due to her numerous
court dates. Ms. Javan has no physical limitations impacting her
ability to work. Her highest level of education is a Master's of
Science in family psychology. Other than her job as a child care
worker, Ms. Javan has never worked. Ms. Javan's income is
Imputed to $1641.00 gross monthly wage, which represents
monthly full-time minimum wage earnings.i51
The AU concluded DCS could collect back child support for the period of time
that Javan received TANF and Khanof lived outside the home. The AU also accepted
5 Footnote omitted; boldface in original.
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the concession of DCS that it could not collect for the time period from October 28, 2015
through November 15,2015 because it did not make reasonable efforts to locate
Khanof.6
Khanof filed a petition for review to the superior court. The court affirmed the
final order of the AU but modified the period of time DOS could not collect back child
support to October 22, 2015 through December 24,2015. The superior court concluded
RCW 26.19.071(6) allows income to be imputed to Javan and Khanof. Representing
himself pro se, Khanof appeals.
Standard of Review
The Washington Administrative Procedure Act(WAPA), chapter 34.05 RCW,
governs our review of administrative actions. RCW 34.05.570(1); Cornelius v. Deal of
Ecology, 182 Wn.2d 574, 584-85, 344 P.3d 199(2015). We sit in the same position as
the superior court and do not defer to the rulings of the superior court. Darkenwald v.
Emp't Sec. Dep't, 183 Wn.2d 237, 244, 350 P.3d 647(2015). We review the agency's
decision by applying the standards set out In RCW 34.05.570 directly to the
administrative record. Postema v. Pollution Control Nags Bd., 142 Wn.2d 68, 77, 11
P.3d 726(2000). We may reverse the decision of the agency where the agency
erroneously applied the law, its order is not supported by substantial evidence, or the
decision is arbitrary and capricious. RCW 34.05.570(3)(d),(e), (i); Postema, 142 Wn.2d
at 77. The party asserting the order is invalid has the burden of demonstrating the
Invalidity. RCW 34.05.570(1)(a); Stewart v. Dep't of Soc. & Health Servs., 162 Wn.
App. 266, 270,252 P.3d 920(2011).
6 DCS does not lose the right to reimbursement for any period of time during which DCS
exercised reasonable efforts to find the noncustodial parent. WAC 388-14A-3350(6)(d)(1).
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No. 76300-8-115
We review the agency's findings for substantial evidence. RCW 34.05.570(3)(e);
Raven v. Dep't of Soc. & Health Servs., 177 Wn.2d 804, 817, 306 P.3d 920(2013).
Evidence is substantial where it is sufficient to persuade a fair-minded person of the
truth of the premise. Raven, 177 Wn.2d at 817. "Unchallenged factual findings are
verities on appeal." Life Care Ctrs of Am., Inc. v. Devi of Soc. & Health Servs., 162
Wn. App. 370, 374, 254 P.3d 919(2011).
Issues Raised for the First Time on Appeal
Pro se litigants are held to the same standards as attorneys and are bound by
the same rules of procedure and substantive law. In re Marriage of Olson 69 Wn. App.
621,626,850 P.2d 527(1993); Westbero v. All-Purpose Structures, Inc., 86 Wn. App.
405,411,936 P.2d 1175(1997). We have "no obligation to grant special favors to ... a
pro se litigant." Olson,69 Wn. App. at 626.
Under WAPA, u[i]ssues not raised before the agency may not be raised on
appeal." RCW 34.05.554(1); Alpha Kappa Lambda Fraternity v. Wash. State Univ. 152
Wn.App. 401,420, 216 P.3d 451 (2009). Khanof argues that because Javan agreed to
sponsor him when he emigrated from Iran, she is obligated to support him. Because
Khanof did not raise this argument in the administrative appeal, we do not address it.
Khanof argues the AUJ erred by failing to consider payments he made to Javan
for child support. Because Khanof does not support this with citation to the record or
authority, we decline to consider it. Under RAP 10.3(a)(6), the appellant must provide
"citations to legal authority and references to relevant parts of the record." "Passing
treatment of an issue or lack of reasoned argument is insufficient to merit judicial
consideration." Holland v. City of Tacoma 90 Wn.App. 533, 538,954 P.2d 290(1998).
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Imputed Income
Khanof challenges the amount of income the AU imputed to him and to Javan.
Because he was studying to obtain his veterinary license, Khanof asserts the AU erred
in concluding he is voluntarily underemployed. Khanof asserts the AU did not consider
Javan's educational background and previous income in imputing minimum wage
income to her.
A custodial parent receiving public assistance on behalf of a minor child assigns
the right to receive child support to the state. RCW 74.20.330(1); WAC 388-14A-2005,
-2036. DCS provides child support enforcement services to the family on behalf of the
state. WAG 388-14A-1000(1), -2005. The uniform child support schedule applies in all
judicial or administrative proceedings that determine or modify child support. RCW
26.19.035(1)(b),(c); In re Marriage of Brockopp, 78 Wn. App. 441,445, 898 P.2d 849
(1995).
To determine a parent's child support obligation, the court must consider all
Income and resources of each parent's household. RCW 26.19.071(1). If a parent is
"voluntarily unemployed or voluntarily underemployed," the court must impute income to
the parent. RCW 26.19.071(6). The court determines whether a parent is "voluntarily
underemployed or voluntarily unemployed" by looking at "that parent's work history,
education, health, and age, or any other relevant factors." RCW 26.19.071(6). In
imputing income, the court looks at "the level of employment'at which the parent is
capable and qualified.'" In re Marriage of Schumacher, 100 Wn.App. 208, 215,997
P.2d 399(2000)(quoting In re Marriage of Sacco, 114 Wn.2d 1, 4, 784 P.2d 1266
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(1990)). The court must not impute income to a parent "who is gainfully employed on a
full-time basis" or a parent who is "unemployable." RCW 26.19.071(6).
RCW 26.19.071(6)sets out the wage the court should use to impute income:
In the absence of records of a parent's actual earnings, the court shall
impute a parent's income in the following order of priority:
(a) Full-time earnings at the current rate of pay;
(b) Full-time earnings at the historical rate of pay based on reliable
Information, such as employment security department data;
(c) Full-time earnings at a past rate of pay where information is
incomplete or sporadic;
(d) Full-time earnings at minimum wage in the jurisdiction where
the parent resides if the parent has a recent history of minimum wage
earnings, is recently coming off public assistance, aged, blind, or disabled
assistance benefits, pregnant women assistance benefits, essential needs
and housing support, supplemental security income, or disability, has
recently been released from incarceration, or is a high school student;
(e) Median net monthly income of year-round full-time workers as
derived from the United States bureau of census, current population
reports, or such replacement report as published by the bureau of census.
Substantial evidence supports the AU findings on Khanofs income and financial
situation and that he was voluntarily underemployed. Khanof was a licensed
veterinarian in Iran and was studying to become licensed in the United States. Khanof
testified that he worked about 10 to 12 hours per week as a veterinary technician
earning $14 per hour. Khanof stated he was looking for additional work. Khanof did not
present evidence that he was unable to work full time. The AU did not err by imputing
full-time income to Khanof at his current $14 per hour rate of pay.
Javan testified she has a master's degree in family psychology. But work
records from the Employment Security Department showed Javan had limited work
experience outside the home. According to the Employment Security Department,
Javan last worked in the second quarter of 2015. During that time period, Javan earned
$959.75 for 87 hours of work.
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At the March 2,2016 hearing, Javan testified she had been employed recently as
a preschool teacher. Javan testified that because court appearances caused her to
miss too many days of work, she was no longer employed at that job. No evidence was
presented about the wage Javan earned as a preschool teacher. Javan testified that
before working as a preschool teacher, she was primarily a full-time mother and worked
at the YMCA about two to three hours per day.
The AU imputed income at full-time minimum wage to Javan. RCW
29.19.071(6)(d) permits a court to impute income at minimum wage if the parent "is
recently coming off public assistance." Because Javan received TANF until January 31,
2016 and the evidence shows Javan lost her job as a preschool teacher, substantial
evidence supports the AL's income and financial circumstances findings and the
decision to impute income to Javan at minimum wage.
Back Child Support
Khanof argues the AU erred by ordering him to pay back child support for the
period of time when the case was designated Good Cause Level A. Khanof contends
DCS cannot collect more than 60 days of back child support.
Khanof asserts the 60-day rule prohibits DCS from collecting more than 60 days
of back child support. RCW 74.20A.055(2) does not support this argument. The 60-day
rule permits DCS to collect back child support for the periods of time when Khanof lived
outside of the home and Javan received TANF,so long as the case was in Good Cause
Level A or DCS took reasonable efforts to locate Khanof.
Under RCW 74.20A.055(1), the secretary of the Department of Social and Health
Services (Department) may serve a Notice and Finding of Financial Responsibility on
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No. 76300-8-1/9
the responsible parent where there is no order establishing the parent's support
obligation. The Notice and Finding of Financial Responsibility relates both to child
support debt already accrued and periodic payments to be made in the future. RCW
74.20A.055(1). The Department must serve the Notice and Finding of Financial
Responsibility on the responsible parent within 60 days from the date the state assumes
responsibility for the support of the child. RCW 74.20A.055(2).7
The 60-day rule does not apply to Good Cause Level A enforcement actions.
WAC 388-14A-3350(7)(a); WAC 388-422-0020(1)(a). "Good Cause Level A" means
"support establishment or enforcement cannot proceed at all because of a risk of
danger to the custodial parent ... or children." WAC 388-14A-2060(1)(a).
Javan first received TANF on January 22, 2014. DOS designated the
enforcement action Good Cause Level A and closed the case. In late October 2015,
DOS changed the designation to Good Cause Level B. "Good Cause Level B" means
"support establishment or enforcement can proceed without" the custodial parent's
cooperation "but good cause exists" for the custodial parent "not to cooperate with
DCS." WAC 388-14A-2060(1)(b). In mid-November 2015, DOS mailed the Notice and
Finding of Financial Responsibility to Khanof.
1 RCW 74.20A.055(2)further provides:
If the notice Is not served within sixty days from such date, the department shall lose the
right to reimbursement of payments made after the sixty-day period and before the date
of notification: PROVIDED,That if the department exercises reasonable efforts to locate
the debtor and is unable to do so the entire sixty-day period is tolled until such time as
the debtor can be located.
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We conclude the AU did not err in ordering Khanof to pay back child support for
the periods of time when he lived outside the home. We affirm the order of the AU.
ggluially
WE CONCUR:
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