IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 18-0913
Filed August 1, 2018
IN THE INTEREST OF J.H. and V.J.,
Minor Children,
A.M., Mother,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Monona County, Mark C. Cord III,
District Associate Judge.
A mother appeals the juvenile court’s child-in-need-of-assistance
permanency order and the termination of her parental rights. AFFIRMED.
Zachary S. Hindman of Mayne, Hindman & Daane, Sioux City, for appellant
mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Anagha Dixit, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Marchelle M. Denker of Juvenile Law Center, Sioux City, guardian ad litem
for minor children.
Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Doyle and Bower, JJ.
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BOWER, Judge.
A mother appeals the juvenile court’s child-in-need-of-assistance (CINA)
permanency order and the termination of her parental rights. We find sufficient
evidence in the record to support the permanency order and termination is in the
children’s best interests. We affirm the decision of the juvenile court.
I. Background Facts & Proceedings
A.M. is the mother of J.H.,1 born in 2014, and V.J., born in 2017. D.J. is the
father of V.J.2 A.M. had one other child, J.W.H., in 2012, but the state of Missouri
terminated her parental rights to J.W.H. prior to this action.
On October 6, 2017, J.H.’s paternal grandmother noticed a significant burn
on J.H.’s foot and brought the child to the hospital. Law enforcement was notified,
and after determining J.H. had multiple inflicted injuries, immediately removed the
children from the parents’ care, placing them with the paternal grandmother. A
hair stat test on J.H. came back positive for multiple controlled substances.
The parents admitted to the caseworker from the Iowa Department of
Human Services (DHS) they had been using multiple controlled substances for
some time. The father admitted inflicting the burn on J.H. for a bathroom accident.
The mother admitted not noticing J.H.’s injury due to the effects of her use of
controlled substances. DHS obtained an emergency removal order on October 9,
2017. The State charged the father with child endangerment, and the court issued
a no-contact order barring the father from contact with J.H.
1
The putative father of J.H. did not participate or object to the termination of his parental
rights regarding J.H.
2
For purposes of this ruling D.J. will be referred to as the father.
3
The mother entered an inpatient treatment center in October but was asked
to leave after being found with prescription drugs provided by the father. In
November, the mother enrolled in another inpatient substance-abuse treatment
facility where she was diagnosed with treatable mental illnesses. Following
successful inpatient treatment, the mother transferred to outpatient treatment with
the same facility on January 13, 2018. On January 16, she left the facility for a
court date and did not return. As a result, the facility discharged her on January 26.
The mother has a history of founded child abuse or neglect in Colorado in 2014
and 2016 against J.H.
The father also entered inpatient treatment in October but left in November
against medical advice. He began an outpatient treatment program, where he was
diagnosed with multiple mental-health issues, but he failed to attend regularly and
was subsequently discharged.
On November 3, DHS issued founded child abuse or neglect reports against
both the parents. The report on the mother noted physical abuse, dangerous
substances, presence of illegal drugs, and denial of critical care through failure to
provide adequate medical care and supervision to J.H. The founded report also
noted the presence of dangerous substances and failure to provide proper
supervision for V.J.
On November 16, a combined adjudicatory and emergency removal
hearing was held. The father appeared and admitted to substance addiction and
intentionally inflicting the injuries on J.H. in response to a normal childhood
accident. The mother did not appear or participate in the hearing due to being in
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an inpatient treatment facility over 100 miles away. The juvenile court sustained
the removal of the children and placed them in foster care.
On January 10, 2018, the juvenile court again sustained the removal of the
children and adjudicated the children to be in need of assistance under Iowa Code
section 232.2(6)(b), (c)(2), and (n) (2017).
At a February 15 dispositional hearing, where the parents failed to appear,
the juvenile court continued the removal and waived the requirement of reasonable
efforts at reunification due to aggravated circumstances. On February 16, the
State filed a petition for termination of the parents’ rights.
On March 15, the court held a permanency and termination hearing. The
mother testified she could not immediately resume care of the children. She
testified to obtaining housing with the father and about their plans to attend
outpatient substance-abuse and mental-health treatment. The mother testified
she had not taken any controlled substances since she entered treatment in
October.
On May 16, the court terminated the mother’s parental rights to both
children under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(d), (g), (i), and (l) (2018).3 The
mother appeals.
II. Standard of Review
The scope of review is de novo. In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa
2010). Clear and convincing evidence is needed to establish the grounds for
3
The court terminated the rights of J.H.’s father under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(b).
The court terminated the rights of D.J. under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(d), (i), and (l).
Neither father appealed the terminations. However, we discuss D.J.’s treatment to some
extent given his ongoing relationship with A.M.
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termination. In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa 2006). Where there is clear
and convincing evidence, there is no serious or substantial doubt about the
correctness of the conclusion drawn from the evidence. In re D.D., 653 N.W.2d
359, 361 (Iowa 2002). The paramount concern in termination proceedings is the
best interests of the child. In re K.C., 660 N.W.2d 29, 32 (Iowa 2003).
III. Sufficiency of the Evidence
Where the district court has cited multiple grounds for termination, we may
affirm on any one ground supported by clear and convincing evidence. D.W., 791
N.W.2d at 707. The juvenile court cited section 232.116(1)(d), (g), (i), and (l) as
grounds for termination. Upon a review of the record, we find grounds for
termination exists under section 232.116(1)(d).
Section 232.116(1)(d) allows the court to terminate parental rights where
(1) the child or a child from the same family is previously adjudicated CINA due to
physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect resulting from one or both parents’ acts
or omissions, and (2) following the adjudication, the parents were offered or
received services to correct the circumstance and the circumstance continues to
exist. We have noted for purposes of this clause, “previously adjudicated” refers
to either a prior or the current proceeding so long as the adjudication was prior to
the termination petition. In re A.R., 865 N.W.2d 619, 628 (Iowa Ct. App. 2015),
overruled on other grounds by In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 220–21 (Iowa 2016).
On January 10, 2017, J.H. and V.J. were adjudicated CINA due to a parent
or member or the household physically abusing or neglecting the children, or the
imminent likelihood of abuse or neglect of the children. In particular, the court
found the children at immediate risk of serious harm from their parents. The court
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noted the mother has a history of child abuse in other states, and the father
admitted to abusing J.H. while the mother was present in the house. Both parents
would blackout from drug use. As a result, DHS filed founded child abuse or
neglect reports against the parents
The mother admitted to a severe substance-abuse disorder dating back
nearly twenty years. She reported that approximately one month after the birth of
V.J. she began taking increasing amounts of hard drugs. Immediately prior to the
removal of the children, while under the influence of multiple controlled
substances, D.J. caused severe burns to J.H.’s feet and inflicted other bruising
injuries to J.H. while the mother was in the house. The mother testified she was
under the influence of multiple controlled substances at the time and did not hear
any cries or screams from J.H. She did not notice any burns or bruises the father
inflicted on J.H. Under her care, J.H. was exposed to controlled substances
causing the child to test positive for controlled substances in a hair test.
Following the CINA adjudication, the mother has exhibited minimal effort at
seeking the mental-health and substance-abuse treatment necessary to regain
custody of the children. The children were adjudicated in need of assistance and
the mother walked out of her substance-abuse treatment program. She was able
to make it to doctor appointments to renew prescriptions but was unable to
schedule appointments or reach the facility for substance-abuse and mental-health
evaluations.
The parents continue to live together and neither of them are in treatment
for substance abuse or mental illness. The mother testified to future plans which
all feature being a family with the father and the children, notwithstanding the no-
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contact order in place protecting J.H. from the father and both parents’ lack of
mental-health and substance-abuse treatment. We find the conditions leading to
the abuse or neglect of J.H. and V.J. continue despite the offer of substance-abuse
and mental-health services to the mother.
We conclude the juvenile court properly determined the mother’s parental
rights should be terminated under section 232.116(1)(d).
IV. Extension
The mother requests a six-month extension to work toward reunification
with the children. To extend the permanency determination, the juvenile court
must be able to “enumerate the specific factors, conditions, or expected behavioral
changes which comprise the basis for the determination that the need for removal
of the child[ren] from the child[ren]’s home will no longer exist at the end of the
additional six-month period.” Iowa Code § 232.104(2)(b). While the law requires
a “full measure of patience with troubled parents,” that patience is part of the
process of chapter 232. In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 494 (Iowa 2000). The
patience afforded a parent can turn into an intolerable hardship for the children. In
re S.J., 620 N.W.2d 522, 526 (Iowa Ct. App. 2000). An extension is only
appropriate if the need for removal will no longer exist at the end of the extension.
See In re A.A.G., 708 N.W.2d 85, 92 (Iowa Ct. App. 2005).
Although she initially made some progress addressing her substance-
abuse problem following the children’s removal, the mother made no progress
during the two months between the CINA adjudication and the termination hearing.
She abandoned her substance-abuse treatment program days after the
adjudication and has not been evaluated or treated since. She has not sought any
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help for her mental-health issues. She continues to live with the father despite his
abuse of J.H. and his continuing substance abuse and mental-health problems.
All these factors lead us to the conclusion that another six months will not eliminate
the need for the children’s removal.
V. Best Interests
The mother claims termination of her parental rights is not in the children’s
best interests. In determining children’s best interests, we “give primary
consideration to the child[ren]’s safety, to the best placement for furthering the
long-term nurturing and growth of the child[ren], and to the physical, mental, and
emotional condition and needs of the child[ren].” Iowa Code § 232.116(2); In re
A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 474 (Iowa 2018). We consider the children’s long-range as
well as immediate best interests. In re T.P., 757 N.W.2d 267, 269 (Iowa Ct. App.
2008). Once a ground for termination has been proved, we cannot deprive children
of permanency on the hope a parent will learn to be responsible and reliable. In
re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 777–78 (Iowa 2012).
We find termination of the mother’s parental rights to be in the children’s
best interests. While in the mother’s care, the children were exposed to dangerous
substances; denied standard medical care; lacked proper supervision; and
exhibited developmental delays, which corrected under foster care. We see no
evidence the mother is able and willing to protect the children from harm or provide
for the physical, mental, and emotional needs of two young children.
For the above reasons, we affirm the decision of the juvenile court
terminating the mother’s parental rights.
AFFIRMED.