[Cite as D.M. v. A.M., 2018-Ohio-4251.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN )
D.M. C.A. No. 17CA011171
Appellant
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
A.M. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
Appellee CASE No. 16JG48710
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: October 22, 2018
TEODOSIO, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} D.M. appeals the June 2017 judgment of the Lorain County Court of Common
Pleas, Juvenile Division, adopting the magistrate’s decision and denying her complaint for
grandparent visitation. We affirm.
I.
{¶2} In May 2016, D.M. filed a complaint for visitation rights as to her three
grandchildren. The children were born to her son, E.M, and his wife, A.M. E.M. took his own
life in 2011. D.M. alleged that after her son’s death, A.M. began to limit her access to the
children, which led to the filing of her complaint.
{¶3} A hearing before the magistrate was conducted in November 2016, with the
magistrate issuing a decision on January 30, 2017, denying D.M.’s complaint for grandparent
visitation. D.M. filed objections to the decision, and on June 19, 2017, the trial court adopted the
magistrate’s decision. D.M. now appeals, raising six assignments of error.
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II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR ONE
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN
DENYING APPELLANT’S COMPLAINT TO ESTABLISH GRANDPARENTS
RIGHTS, AS SUCH A DENIAL WAS NOT SUPPORTED BY THE
EVIDENCE PRESENTED, TO BE IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE MINOR
CHILDREN.
{¶4} In her first assignment of error, D.M. argues the trial court abused its discretion in
denying visitation rights because establishing a visitation schedule was in the best interests of the
children. We disagree.
{¶5} “Generally, the decision to adopt, reject, or modify a magistrate’s decision lies
within the discretion of the trial court and should not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of
discretion.” Barlow v. Barlow, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 08CA0055, 2009-Ohio-3788, ¶ 5.
However, “[i]n so doing, we consider the trial court’s action with reference to the nature of the
underlying matter.” Tabatabai v. Tabatabai, 9th Dist. Medina No. 08CA0049-M, 2009-Ohio-
3139, ¶ 18.
{¶6} “A trial court’s decision regarding visitation rights will not be reversed on appeal
except upon a finding of an abuse of discretion.” Estate of Harrold v. Collier, 9th Dist. Wayne
No. 06CA0010, 2006-Ohio-5634, ¶ 6. An abuse of discretion is more than an error of judgment;
it means that the trial court was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable in its ruling.
Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). When applying this standard, a
reviewing court is precluded from simply substituting its own judgment for that of the trial court.
Pons v. Ohio State Med. Bd., 66 Ohio St.3d 619, 621 (1993).
{¶7} R.C. 3109.11 provides:
If either the father or mother of an unmarried minor child is deceased, the court of
common pleas of the county in which the minor child resides may grant the
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parents and other relatives of the deceased father or mother reasonable
companionship or visitation rights with respect to the minor child during the
child’s minority if the parent or other relative files a complaint requesting
reasonable companionship or visitation rights and if the court determines that the
granting of the companionship or visitation rights is in the best interest of the
minor child. In determining whether to grant any person reasonable
companionship or visitation rights with respect to any child, the court shall
consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the factors set forth in
division (D) of section 3109.051 of the Revised Code.
{¶8} The relevant factors under R.C. 3109.051 that were considered by the trial court
included:
(1) The prior interaction and interrelationships of the child with the child’s
parents, siblings, and other persons related by consanguinity or affinity, and with
the person who requested companionship or visitation if that person is not a
parent, sibling, or relative of the child;
(2) The geographical location of the residence of each parent and the distance
between those residences, and if the person is not a parent, the geographical
location of that person’s residence and the distance between that person’s
residence and the child’s residence;
(3) The child’s and parents’ available time, including, but not limited to, each
parent’s employment schedule, the child’s school schedule, and the child’s and
the parents’ holiday and vacation schedule;
(4) The age of the child;
(5) The child’s adjustment to home, school, and community;
***
(7) The health and safety of the child;
***
(9) The mental and physical health of all parties;
(10) Each parent’s willingness to reschedule missed parenting time and to
facilitate the other parent’s parenting time rights, and with respect to a person who
requested companionship or visitation, the willingness of that person to
reschedule missed visitation;
***
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(12) In relation to requested companionship or visitation by a person other than a
parent, whether the person previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to
any criminal offense involving any act that resulted in a child being an abused
child or a neglected child; whether the person, in a case in which a child has been
adjudicated an abused child or a neglected child, previously has been determined
to be the perpetrator of the abusive or neglectful act that is the basis of the
adjudication; whether either parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded
guilty to a violation of section 2919.25 of the Revised Code involving a victim
who at the time of the commission of the offense was a member of the family or
household that is the subject of the current proceeding; whether either parent
previously has been convicted of an offense involving a victim who at the time of
the commission of the offense was a member of the family or household that is
the subject of the current proceeding and caused physical harm to the victim in the
commission of the offense; and whether there is reason to believe that the person
has acted in a manner resulting in a child being an abused child or a neglected
child;
***
(15) In relation to requested companionship or visitation by a person other than a
parent, the wishes and concerns of the child’s parents, as expressed by them to the
court;
(16) Any other factor in the best interest of the child.
{¶9} “Ohio statutes allow grandparental visitation only if it is in the grandchild’s best
interest.” Estate of Harrold v. Collier, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 03CA0064, 2004-Ohio-4331, ¶ 13.
Furthermore, “Ohio courts are obligated to afford some special weight to the wishes of parents of
minor children when considering petitions for nonparental visitation made pursuant to R.C.
3109.11 or 3109.12.” Harrold v. Collier, 107 Ohio St.3d 44, 2005-Ohio-5334, ¶ 12.
{¶10} In making its determination, the trial court separated the four factors it considered
the most important from the other factors, stating that the most relevant factors were the mental
and physical health of all parties, the willingness of the parties to reschedule companionship
time, the wishes and concerns of the children’s parent, and the health and safety of the children.
In discussing the other factors, the decision stated: “For the relevant factors of less significance,
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the court finds as follows * * *.” The decision went on to briefly address the factors, including
the first factor—the interactions and interrelationships between the children and D.M.—stating:
“The children and [D.M.] have an established relationship, both prior to (for the older two
children) and after (all three children) their father’s death in 2011.”
{¶11} With regard to the first factor, D.M. states she “does not agree with the finding
that her relationship with the minor children * * * is a factor of lesser importance.” The trial
court considered the prior relationship as one of several relevant factors as required by R.C.
3109.11 and R.C. 3109.051. The fact that D.M. disagrees with the trial court’s decision to weigh
the first factor as one of “less significance” than four other factors does not amount to an abuse
of discretion by the trial court.
{¶12} D.M. next disputes the trial court’s findings that A.M. was willing to be flexible
and that D.M. gave the impression of being inflexible. In discussing the willingness of the
parties to reschedule companionship time, the trial court found that A.M. “appeared to make
attempts to work [D.M.]’s desired time with the children around the children’s availability to
balance the relative importance of the relationship and activity in order to foster the
relationship.” The trial court further found D.M. “appeared bitter that she could not have the
children when she wanted them despite acknowledging that the children had previous[ly]
scheduled activities” and “gave the impression to the court that if she would be given a
scheduled weekend, that she would be inflexible in working with [A.M.] in choosing a different
weekend in order to accommodate the children’s desires and activities.” We note that we discuss
these specific findings in detail under assignments of error three and five, determining the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in making the findings.
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{¶13} D.M. also contends that the trial court erred in relying on the proposition that her
mental health is a safety concern for the children. Additionally, and although not specifically
listed as a factor, D.M. argues the trial court should have considered the fact that she is the
children’s connection to the family of their deceased father, and that it falls to her to carry on
family traditions and the memory of their father.
{¶14} With regard to mental health concerns, the magistrate’s decision stated:
[D.M.] testified she is still in counseling due to her son’s manner of death and her
grief over this issue. As admitted to by [D.M.], her mental health issues have
caused issues in her interactions with the children.
Further, the court finds it distressing that [D.M.] obsesses over her
deceased child which is transferred to her grandchildren but alludes an
indifference to the strained relationship with her living daughter. [D.M.]’s lack of
showing of her progress in dealing with her mental health issues is concerning to
the court. The court finds that [D.M.]’s mental health issues, despite being
addressed, create risk to the children.
{¶15} The trial court noted testimony regarding certain behaviors and actions taken by
D.M. after her son’s death, including taking her grandchildren to their father’s grave one week
after his burial without A.M.’s permission. A.M. testified that in August 2012, she received text
messages from D.M. indicating that she was being disrespectful by not taking her children to the
cemetery often enough. When A.M. called D.M. to talk about the issue, she testified that D.M.
accused her of being responsible for the death of her husband. After these events, A.M.
supervised her children’s visitations with D.M. for approximately one year. A.M. further
testified that prior to the lawsuit, the children continued to have contact with D.M. and that she
had never denied contact. If a specific date did not work out, she would attempt to find an
alternative date. She testified that she was surprised by the lawsuit and had asked her oldest
child if D.M. had voiced any complaints about her. It was at that time that A.M. learned that
7
D.M. had told the children that their mother was responsible for their father’s death as they were
driving home from an outing at a Chuck E. Cheese restaurant.
{¶16} The trial court also noted the testimony of D.M.’s daughter, who testified as to
having a strained relationship with her mother. She further testified that her mother had accused
A.M. of being responsible for her brother’s death and asked her not to testify on behalf of A.M.
{¶17} Also among the four factors found to be most relevant by the trial court were the
wishes and concerns of the children’s parent and the health and safety of the children. The trial
court stated that the health and safety of the children was the paramount issue. The court noted
that the two oldest children went through therapy after their father’s death and that the middle
child had relapses of grief and was still in therapy due to the severity of his reaction to the
tragedy. The trial court found the middle child most at risk from D.M.’s actions and hostile
attitude toward A.M.
{¶18} The trial court further found that D.M.’s statement to the children accusing A.M.
of being responsible for their father’s death was not in the best interest of the children and was
disruptive of the parent-child relationship. The court found that A.M.’s limiting of contact
between her children and D.M. was for the health and safety of the children, and not due to the
damaged relationship between the parties. Under Ohio law, A.M.’s preference for her children
to not have visitation with D.M. at the present time is to be given special weight. See Harrold,
107 Ohio St.3d at 47, 2005-Ohio-5334 at ¶ 12.
{¶19} We conclude it was not an abuse of discretion for the trial court to find that D.M.
failed to prove that it was in the children’s best interests for D.M. to have a court-ordered
companionship schedule. The trial court considered all relevant factors under R.C. 3109.051,
and its decision was not unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.
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{¶20} D.M.’s first assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR TWO
[THE] TRIAL COURT COMMITTED AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN
FINDING THAT APPELLANT’S COUNSELING INTERFERED WITH THE
MINOR CHILDREN.
{¶21} In her second assignment of error, D.M. argues the trial court abused its discretion
in finding that her counseling interfered with the children. In her brief, D.M. states: “There was
no credible evidence presented that showed any correlation between Grandmother counseling
[sic] and any effect on the minor children.”
{¶22} There is no such finding, either in the magistrate’s decision or in the order of the
trial court adopting said decision, and D.M. fails to direct us to any such finding in the record as
required by App.R. 16(7).
{¶23} D.M.’s second assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR THREE
[THE] TRIAL COURT COMMITTED AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN
FINDING THAT APPELLANT GAVE THE IMPRESSION SHE WOULD BE
UNWILLING TO BE FLEXIBLE WITH APPELLEE.
{¶24} In her third assignment of error, D.M. argues the trial court erred in finding that
she would be unwilling to be flexible with A.M. We disagree.
{¶25} Although D.M. contends that the trial court abused its discretion, our review here
is appropriately undertaken under a different standard of review. “An appellate court reviews a
trial court’s factual finding to determine if the finding was against the manifest weight of the
evidence.” Zaccardelli v. Zaccardelli, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26262, 2013-Ohio-1878, ¶ 7. When
reviewing the manifest weight of the evidence in civil matters, the reviewing court “weighs the
evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and determines
9
whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the [finder of fact] clearly lost its way and created
such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the [judgment] must be reversed and a new trial
ordered.” Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. Even if a trial court
makes an incorrect factual finding, however, the appellant must show “that the court's erroneous
factual finding prejudiced [his or her] substantial rights.” Ulinski v. Byers, 9th Dist. Summit No.
27267, 2015-Ohio-282, ¶ 29. Absent a showing of prejudice, the error will be deemed harmless.
See id.
{¶26} The magistrate’s decision states:
[D.M.] appeared bitter that she could not have the children when she wanted them
despite acknowledging that the children had previous scheduled activities. [D.M.]
gave the impression to the court that if she would be given a scheduled weekend,
that she would be inflexible in working with [A.M.] in choosing a different
weekend in order to accommodate the children’s desires and activities.
{¶27} With regard to the issue of scheduling visitation, the transcript provides the
following testimony of D.M.:
Q. [Y]ou state in your complaint that [A.M.] began to limit your access to the
children after [E.M.’s] death. That’s not exactly true, is it?
A. No. I was able to have them – sometimes I’d call and I wouldn’t receive a
phone call back for maybe a week or two later. So no, I was limited.
Q. You were not limited?
A. I was limited.
Q. Even though in your Exhibit 2 it appears like there’s been quite a bit of
contact between you and the children since [E.M.’s] death. You described to – all
of the things that you do together with your [grand]children, so how is it that
[A.M.] has limited your contact with the [grand]children?
***
A. Well, I would hopefully try to get them one night during the month, but like I
said, sometimes she didn’t get back to me. So there was the Great Wolf Lodge
that I wanted to take them to, and that did not work out.
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Q. And isn’t it true that sometimes you would ask to see the children and the kids
already had activities and they weren’t able to be with you at your request; is that
correct?
A. I’ve always understood and picked a date that [A.M.] would pick the dates
with me that I can have the children, so no.
Q. It’s not correct that you would ask for a date and the children might not be
available and could not attend?
A. She would give me the date that I can have the kids that would work for her.
{¶28} D.M. further testified that she filed her complaint in order to get a schedule of
visitation, stating:
[I]f I had a scheduled agreement I could plan things in advance, you know, like
the Great Wolf Lodge thing, you know, I’d be able to plan and schedule that to
take them there. Where unscheduled, it didn’t work out for me planning things.
It had to be kind of like, okay, you’re getting them here, what are you going to do,
that kind of thing.
{¶29} The usefulness of this testimony to our review is limited. The magistrate’s
decision that was adopted by the trial court stated that D.M. “appeared bitter that she could not
have the children when she wanted” and “gave the impression * * * that she would be inflexible
* * *.” These statements amount to observations by the magistrate that go beyond what the mere
text of the transcript is able to communicate. These are observations that may necessarily rely
upon tone, demeanor, facial expressions, body language, gestures, and any other nonverbal cues
that are not accessible to this Court. D.M. has failed to show that the trial court clearly lost its
way in its findings. We therefore conclude D.M. has failed to show the trial court’s findings
were against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶30} D.M.’s third assignment of error is overruled.
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ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR FOUR
[THE] TRIAL COURT COMMITTED AN[] ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN
FINDING THAT APPELLANT’S STATEMENTS CAUSED MENTAL
DISTRESS TO THE MINOR CHILDREN.
{¶31} In her fourth assignment of error, D.M. argues that the trial court erred in finding
that her statements caused mental distress to the children. She contends that there is no evidence
that her statements to the children telling them that their mother is to blame for their father’s
death caused them any mental distress.
{¶32} The magistrate’s decision stated: “[D.M.’s] action in blaming [A.M.] for the cause
of father’s death to the children appears to the court as being detrimental to the health and safety
of the two older children due to the mental distress this causes them.” Although it is arguably
axiomatic that statements from a grandmother to her grandchildren accusing their mother of
being the cause of their father’s suicide would cause mental distress to the children, the transcript
does not provide direct support for the statement that the children experienced mental distress as
a result of D.M.’s comments.
{¶33} To the extent this constitutes an erroneous finding by the trial court, we conclude
that D.M. was not prejudiced by such error. See Ulinski at ¶ 29. “Under Rule 61 of the Ohio
Rules of Civil Procedure, harmless errors are to be disregarded.” Oak Park Mgt. Corp. v. Via, 9th
Dist. Wayne No. 07CA0022, 2008-Ohio-2493, ¶ 5. As our discussion under assignment of error
one indicates, multiple factors were considered in the trial court’s determination that D.M. had
failed to prove that it was in the best interests of the children to have a companionship schedule
with her. If the language finding that the children suffered mental distress as a result of D.M.’s
comments were removed, it would not substantially alter the trial court’s analysis. Nor would it
12
negate the potential harm that such a comment, or further such comments, could have on the
children and their relationship with their mother.
{¶34} D.M.’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR FIVE
[THE] TRIAL COURT COMMITTED AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN
FINDING THAT APPELLEE WAS WILLING TO ALLOW APPELLANT
ACCESS TO THE MINOR CHILDREN.
{¶35} In her fifth assignment of error, D.M. argues the trial court erred in finding that
A.M. was willing to allow her access to the children. We disagree.
{¶36} As we have noted, “[a]n appellate court reviews a trial court’s factual finding to
determine if the finding was against the manifest weight of the evidence.” Zaccardelli, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 26262, 2013-Ohio-1878 at ¶ 7.
{¶37} The magistrate’s decision stated: “[A.M.] appears willing to allow a relationship
between the children and [D.M.] despite the inability for [D.M.] and [A.M.] to have a truly
healthy relationship.” The magistrate’s decision went on to state:
[A.M.]’s actions in limiting [D.M.]’s access to the children are for the children’s
health and safety and not due to the damaged relationship between the parties.
[A.M.] is willing to allow access to the children to [D.M.] in a safe and health[y]
manner to prevent ongoing mental trauma to the children.
{¶38} After her son’s death, but before the present action was filed, D.M. testified that
she continued to spend time with the children including time alone with them without their
mother present, and continued to do the same types of activities she had done in the past with the
children.
{¶39} After the action was initiated and A.M. learned of the comment made by D.M. to
the children blaming her for their father’s death, visits with D.M. were discontinued. On the
issue of visitation, A.M. testified as follows:
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Q. Do you believe it is in the children’s best interests to have an order for
visitation with [D.M.]?
A. No.
Q. Why not?
A. I want to be able to decide who my kids see when, how long, without a [c]ourt
telling me otherwise.
Q. Do you believe it’s in your children’s best interest to have a relationship with
[D.M.]?
A. Not right now, no.
Q. Okay. Should the Court put on an order for contact between [D.M.] and your
children, how would you like to see that done?
A. I would like it to be in a supervised setting.
A.M. further testified:
Q. * * * [I]f there were no court order for [D.M.] to have visitation at this point,
and you were going to make that decision, [it] sounds to me as though your
decision would be that she would not see them?
A. For right now.
Q. And why for right – and when would she?
A. We’d have to figure that out.
***
Q. All right. What makes it not fine now?
A. Well, there were several times I supervised the visits because I was
uncomfortable. But she is their grandmother, and I have always respected that.
But when I found out that she was undermining -- trying to undermine our
relationship with my children, I said enough is enough, and I didn’t find that out
until after she filed the lawsuit, when she didn’t talk to me.
{¶40} Although A.M.’s testimony indicated that she believed it was not in her children’s
best interest to have visitation with D.M. for “right now,” she also indicated that it could be
14
determined when visitation could resume. Her testimony further indicated that if the court did
put on an order for visitation, she would request that it be in a supervised setting. While it is
clear that A.M. believed that visitation with D.M. was not currently in her children’s best
interest, we cannot say it was against the manifest weight of the evidence for the trial court to
find that she appeared willing to allow a relationship between the children and D.M.
{¶41} D.M.’s fifth assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR SIX
[THE] TRIAL COURT COMMITTED AN[] ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN
FINDING THAT THE COURT CANNOT DRAFT AN ORDER THAT
WOULD INSURE THE MENTAL HEALTH OF THE MINOR CHILDREN IS
PROTECTED.
{¶42} In her sixth assignment of error, D.M. argues the trial court abused its discretion
in determining that it could not draft an order that would insure the mental health of the children
would be protected. D.M. contends that there was no evidence of any impact to the mental
health of the children, and that therefore it was arbitrary and unreasonable for the trial court to
find that a visitation order could not be drafted.
{¶43} The magistrate’s decision stated:
The court finds it cannot draft an order of companionship between [D.M.] and the
children that would ensure the children’s mental health is protected. [A.M.] is in
the best position to gauge [D.M.’s] mental stability and [to determine] the
appropriate safeguards for the children in having a relationship with [D.M.].
{¶44} In her brief, D.M. notes that if a court relied upon its inability to control the future
as the basis of its reasoning to not issue an order, no orders would ever be granted. While
generally speaking, such an inference may be true, the trial court in the present case was not
speaking in broad generalities, but rather to the specific situation of the case before it. The trial
court went on to state that it believed A.M. was in a better position to determine safeguards for
15
her children’s protection. Regardless of whether the contested statement is accurate, we
conclude it does not impact the relevant finding made by the trial court that D.M. did not prove
that it was in the children’s best interests for her to have a court-ordered companionship
schedule. See Oak Park Mgt. Corp., 9th Dist. Wayne No. 07CA0022, 2008-Ohio-2493 at ¶ 5
(“Under Rule 61 of the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure, harmless errors are to be disregarded.”).
As we have noted, an abuse of discretion is more than an error of judgment and means that the
trial court was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable in its ruling. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d
at 219. We cannot conclude that the trial court abused its discretion here.
{¶45} D.M.’s sixth assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶46} D.M.’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Lorain County
Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of
this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
16
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
THOMAS A. TEODOSIO
FOR THE COURT
CARR, J.
CALLAHAN, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
BRANDON G. OLIVER, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
LYNNE SCHWARTZ, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.