IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania :
:
v. : No. 1674 C.D. 2017
: Submitted: September 28, 2018
Lawrence Brandon, :
Appellant :
BEFORE: HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
HONORABLE HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY PRESIDENT JUDGE LEAVITT FILED: November 26, 2018
Lawrence Brandon (Brandon) appeals, pro se, an order of the Court of
Common Pleas of Cambria County (trial court) denying his de novo appeal of a
summary conviction for storing unregistered vehicles on his property. Finding no
error by the trial court, we affirm.
In late 2016, the City of Johnstown’s code enforcement officer, LeRoy
Palov (Palov), investigated violations of city codes on Ash Street. Palov observed
three uninspected and unregistered vehicles on Brandon’s property, each in a state
of disrepair and covered with weeds. Palov cited Brandon for a violation of Section
302.8 of the “International Property Maintenance Code” (2009 ed.) (Property
Maintenance Code), which the City of Johnstown has adopted. Section 302.8 of the
Property Maintenance Code provides, in pertinent part:
302.8 Motor Vehicles. Except as provided for in other
regulations, no inoperative or unlicensed motor vehicle shall be
parked, kept or stored on any premises, and no vehicle shall at
any time be in a state of major disassembly, disrepair, or in the
process of being stripped or dismantled.
PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE, ch. 3, §302.8 (emphasis in original).
Palov filed a private criminal complaint on December 6, 2016. On
January 10, 2017, the magisterial district judge found Brandon guilty after a
summary trial. Brandon appealed to the trial court.
On July 21, 2017, the trial court held a de novo hearing. At the hearing,
Palov testified that the three uninspected and unregistered vehicles he observed on
Brandon’s property were there when he began his position as the City’s code
enforcement officer in 2010 and, to the best of his knowledge, had never been
moved. Palov offered photographs showing the vehicles in a state of disrepair and
covered with vines and weeds. Palov testified that he spoke to Brandon on numerous
occasions and gave him the opportunity to remedy the violations.
Brandon testified on his own behalf. He did not dispute the facts but
contended that the Property Maintenance Code, as an international code, did not
apply to him, a citizen of Johnstown, because it was not enacted by Pennsylvania’s
General Assembly. The trial court rejected Brandon’s legal position, explaining that
the City was authorized by Pennsylvania statute to adopt the Property Maintenance
Code as its own, even though it was modeled after an international model code.1 The
trial court found Brandon guilty of the charged offense and sentenced him to pay a
$100 fine, plus costs. Brandon filed a notice of appeal on August 18, 2017. In its
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(a) Opinion, the trial court explained
that Brandon’s appeal should be dismissed because the issues raised were too
ambiguous to discern.
1
Brandon has not raised this issue on appeal. Nevertheless, we agree with the trial court’s
reasoning.
2
On appeal to this Court,2 Brandon first argues that the proceeding
against him should have been commenced by an enforcement proceeding under
Section 616.1 of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC), 53 P.S.
§10616.1,3 with the zoning hearing board having exclusive jurisdiction. Second,
Brandon argues that the complaint filed against him was defective because the
caption contained an error. Third, Brandon contends that Section 302.8 of the
Property Maintenance Code, under which he was convicted, cannot be enforced
because it was “deleted.” Brandon Brief at 11.
We first address Brandon’s argument that the proceeding against him
should have been commenced under the MPC, and that the zoning hearing board
should have had exclusive jurisdiction. Brandon did not raise this issue before the
trial court, and therefore, the issue is waived. PA. R.A.P. 302(a).4 Even if Brandon
had preserved the issue below, his argument lacks merit.
Section 616.1 of the MPC, 53 P.S. §10616.1,5 authorizes a municipality
to initiate enforcement proceedings for a violation of the municipality zoning
ordinance. Brandon argues that these provisions of the MPC should have been used
in his case. However, the City did not charge Brandon with violating a zoning
2
Our review determines whether constitutional rights were violated, whether an error of law was
committed, or whether necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial competent evidence.
Seton Company v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 663 A.2d 296, 298 n.2 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1995).
3
Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 805, as amended, added by the Act of December 21, 1988, P.L. 1329,
53 P.S. §10616.1.
4
It states that “[i]ssues not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first
time on appeal.” PA. R.A.P. 302(a).
5
Section 616.1(a) provides, in relevant part: “[i]f it appears to the municipality that a violation of
any zoning ordinance enacted under this act or prior enabling laws has occurred, the municipality
shall initiate enforcement proceedings by sending an enforcement notice as provided in this
section.” 53 P.S. §10616.1(a) (emphasis added). Further, the “recipient of the notice has the right
to appeal to the zoning hearing board….” 53 P.S. §10616.1(c)(5).
3
ordinance. Johnstown, as a city of the Third Class, has been authorized to adopt a
property maintenance code. Section 141A04(a) of the Third Class City Code states,
in relevant part, that “a city may enact a property maintenance ordinance, including
a standard or nationally recognized property maintenance code or a change or
variation.” 11 Pa. C.S. §141A04(a).
Pursuant to Section 141A04(a), the City enacted a property
maintenance ordinance, which states as follows:
There is hereby adopted by the City in its entirety, for the purpose
of establishing standards and specifications for property
maintenance, administrative controls and technical guidelines for
rehabilitation and re-use of existing buildings, and minimum
requirements for hazard and nuisance abatement in all buildings
and on all properties, as set forth therein, that certain code known
as the International Property Maintenance Code, the 2009
edition, and subsequent editions, as published by the
International Code Council, Inc., save and except such
provisions as are hereinafter deleted or amended.
JOHNSTOWN, PA., BUILDING AND HOUSING CODE ch. 1428, §1428.01 (2009).6 The
City’s code enforcement officer charged Brandon with violating the City’s Property
Maintenance Code, for having the unregistered vehicles on his property. The City’s
zoning ordinance is inapposite.
Further, a violation of the Property Maintenance Code is punishable by
imprisonment or payment of a fine; stated otherwise, violations are pursued in a
criminal proceeding.7 Borough of West Chester v. Lal, 426 A.2d 603, 605 (Pa. 1981)
6
The City of Johnstown’s Building and Housing Code is available online at
http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Pennsylvania/johnstown_pa/codifiedordinancesofjohn
stownpennsylvani?f=templates$fn=default.htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:johnstown_pa (last visited Oct.
16, 2018).
7
Section 1428.99 of the Building and Housing Code provides:
4
(explaining that municipal ordinances which provide for imprisonment upon
conviction or failure to pay a fine or penalty are “Penal Laws,” and included in the
definition of “criminal proceedings”). In contrast, the Johnstown Zoning Code
provides that in the event of a zoning ordinance violation, the City may commence
only a civil enforcement action. The Johnstown Zoning Code provides for a civil
penalty of not more than $500.00, plus court costs. JOHNSTOWN, PA., PLANNING AND
ZONING CODE ch. 1260, §1260.212 (2013). In short, the Property Maintenance
Code bears no relation to the Planning and Zoning Code.
Next, we address Brandon’s argument that the complaint filed against
him was defective because the caption read “Brandon Lawrence.” Subsequent
documents, including the summary appeal docket, correctly identify Lawrence
Brandon as the appellant. Courts and administrative agencies have the authority to
correct obvious typographical and clerical errors. Bruno v. Zoning Board of
Adjustment of City of Philadelphia, 664 A.2d 1077 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995) (finding that
the zoning board of adjustment was justified in correcting an obvious clerical
mistake that required no act of discretion or further fact finding). Further, at the
The City may institute proceedings under this chapter by the issuance of a “notice
of violation letter,” assessing a civil penalty of twenty-five dollars ($25.00) for each
offense, and provide the parties in violation of said chapter the opportunity to abate
the violation and pay said civil penalty in lieu of the institution of proceedings and
the imposition of the other stated penalties set forth herein. The City, through its
City Manager, Code Enforcement Officer and/or Solicitor, is authorized to file a
non-traffic criminal citation pursuant to the Rule of Criminal Procedure 4403 as a
summary offense punishable by a one thousand dollar ($1,000.00) fine and/or 90
days of imprisonment. Pursuant to the Rule of Criminal Procedure 4462(b) the
City, through its Solicitor, may prosecute any de novo summary appeal of any
conviction of such violations as approved by the District Attorney’s Office,
Cambria County, Pennsylvania via written correspondence on June 22, 2017. If no
specific penalty is provided then Section 202.99 for general code violations.
JOHNSTOWN, PA., BUILDING AND HOUSING CODE ch. 1428, §1428.99 (2009) (emphasis added).
5
summary appeal hearing, Brandon did not contest that he owned the property or that
the vehicles were on the property. Palov also identified Lawrence Brandon in open
court as the owner of the property and the vehicles. For these reasons, Brandon’s
argument lacks merit.
Finally, we address Brandon’s argument that Section 302.8 of the
Property Maintenance Code cannot be enforced because it was “deleted.” Brandon
Brief at 11. Brandon failed to raise this issue before the trial court; therefore, the
issue is waived. PA. R.A.P. 302. To the extent that Brandon is arguing Section 302.8
has been repealed, the Court’s own research indicates that Section 302.8 of the 2009
edition of the Property Maintenance Code has not been repealed and remains in
force.
For all of the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
______________________________________
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
6
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania :
:
v. : No. 1674 C.D. 2017
:
Lawrence Brandon, :
Appellant :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 26th day of November, 2018, the order of the Cambria
County Court of Common Pleas dated July 21, 2017, is hereby AFFIRMED.
_____________________________________
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge