J-S58003-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
DORIAN ROSS :
:
Appellant : No. 1416 WDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence August 31, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-11-CR-0001696-2015,
CP-11-CR-0001697-2015
BEFORE: OLSON, J., MURRAY, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED DECEMBER 4, 2018
Appellant, Dorian Ross, appeals pro se from judgments of sentence
entered on August 31, 2017 at trial court dockets 1696-2015 and 1697-2015
following his bench trial convictions for two counts of receiving stolen property
(18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3925(a)) and other offenses. We affirm.
We briefly summarize the facts and procedural history as follows. On
July 24, 2015, Pennsylvania State Trooper Scott Myers stopped Appellant
while he was operating a motorcycle along Route 22 for failure to use a turn
signal. During the stop, Trooper Myers checked the registration status of
Appellant’s motorcycle. Based upon this inquiry, Trooper Myers learned that
Appellant’s license plate was associated with a Honda motorcycle, not the
Kawasaki model operated by Appellant, and both the plate and the Honda
motorcycle were reported stolen. Appellant was therefore taken into custody.
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To further investigate the whereabouts of the stolen Honda motorcycle,
Trooper Myers and other officers traveled to an address along Wood Street in
Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The Wood Street address was listed as Appellant’s
residence in the records of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Shortly after his arrival, Trooper Myers recovered the Honda motorcycle from
a garage located behind the residence.
On October 20, 2015, the Commonwealth filed a criminal information
against Appellant charging him at docket number 1697-2015 with receiving
stolen property (the Honda motorcycle registration plate) and several
summary traffic offenses. Thereafter, on December 3, 2015, the
Commonwealth filed a second information, at docket number 1696-2015,
charging Appellant with an additional count of receiving stolen property (the
Honda motorcycle).1 On July 15, 2016, Appellant filed a motion to suppress
challenging the search by which Trooper Myers recovered the Honda
motorcycle. Appellant’s motion alleged that Trooper Myers searched the
garage at the Wood Street residence without a warrant and in the absence of
exigent circumstances and consent. The trial court convened a suppression
hearing on September 22, 2016. Based upon the testimony adduced at the
hearing, the trial court determined that Marjorie Hinton, Appellant’s girlfriend,
consented to a search of the garage and Trooper Myers reasonably relied on
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1The information at docket number 1696-2015 also charged Appellant with
possession of marijuana.
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her apparent authority to agree to the search. Accordingly, the court denied
Appellant’s motion to suppress on November 16, 2016.
At the conclusion of a bench trial on May 31, 2017, the court found
Appellant guilty of both counts of receiving stolen property, along with various
summary traffic offenses. Appellant was found not guilty of marijuana
possession. On August 31, 2017, Appellant received an aggregate sentence
of 21 to 42 months’ incarceration. The court also imposed fines for Appellant’s
various traffic offenses.
Appellant filed a notice of appeal on September 27, 2017. That same
day, the court, pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), ordered Appellant to file a
concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. Appellant filed a
counseled concise statement on October 16, 2017.2 The trial judge who
presided over Appellant’s suppression hearing issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion
on October 26, 2017. The trial judge who presided over the bench trial and
imposed sentence in this case filed an opinion on November 1, 2017.
On April 4, 2018, while this matter was pending before this Court,
Appellant submitted a filing with the trial court seeking the dismissal of
counsel. On April 26, 2018, this Court remanded the matter for a hearing
pursuant to Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998) to ascertain
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2 Appellant’s October 16, 2017 concise statement alleged that the search of
Appellant’s garage was unlawful since it was executed without a warrant and
absent exigent circumstances and valid consent. The concise statement also
alleged that the trial court erred in ordering Appellant to pay multiple fines for
the same summary traffic offense.
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whether Appellant’s request to proceed pro se was knowingly, voluntarily, and
intelligently made. At the conclusion of the Grazier hearing on May 8, 2018,
the trial court granted Appellant’s request. This case is now ripe for
disposition.
Appellant’s pro se brief raises the following issues for review.
Was trial counsel ineffective at [Appellant’s] suppression hearing
for failing to object to the admission of hearsay testimony of
[Trooper Myers] regarding witness [Marjorie] Hinton’s alleged
[consent to search]?
Was trial counsel ineffective at [Appellant’s] trial for failing to
object to the admission of hearsay testimony of [Trooper Myers]
regarding witness [Marjorie] Hinton’s alleged [consent to search]?
Did former trial/appellate counsel provide ineffective assistance of
counsel by [asserting in the counseled Rule 1925(b) statement of
errors that witness Marjorie Hinton “ultimately gave grudging
consent” contrary to Hinton’s testimony and contrary to the
record]?
Did former trial/appellate counsel [] commit criminal legal
malpractice when he [asserted in the counseled Rule 1925(b)
statement of errors that witness Marjorie Hinton “ultimately gave
grudging consent” contrary to Hinton’s testimony and contrary to
the record]?
Did the trial court err when it sentenced [Appellant] to pay a fine
of $150.00 on [both] counts [eight] and [nine at docket number
1697-2015], which charged the same offense: obedience to
traffic control?
Did the trial court abuse its discretion when it denied Appellant’s
motion to suppress evidence when police officers entered
onto/into Appellant’s residence and the curtilage (garage0 without
a warrant, absent consent, and absent exigent circumstances?
Did the trial court err in finding that witness [Marjorie] Hinton had
authority to [consent to a search as the trial court found in its
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memorandum and order of November 16, 2016, which denied
Appellant’s motion to suppress]?
Appellant’s Brief at 7-9 (claims re-ordered to facilitate discussion;
unnecessary capitalization omitted).
Appellant’s first four issues attack counsel’s competency in advocating
issues surrounding efforts to suppress evidence recovered during Trooper
Myers’ July 24, 2015 search of Appellant’s garage. These issues are waived
and unreviewable within the context of direct review.
Appellate courts in Pennsylvania have consistently held that matters
that were not raised within a concise statement are waived and not subject to
review on appeal. See Commonwealth v. Lord, 719 A.2d 306 (Pa. 1998)
(failure to include an issue in a concise statement results in waiver); see also
Commonwealth v. Butler, 812 A.2d 631, 633 (Pa. 2002) (waiver rule
articulated in Lord is automatic and Superior Court lacks discretion to address
claims excluded from concise statement). Here, the trial court ordered
Appellant to file a concise statement under Rule 1925(b) and counsel timely
complied, raising two claims. See supra. at note 2. Neither of the claims
raised in the counseled concise statement challenged the effectiveness of
counsel’s advocacy pertaining to the suppression issues implicated in this
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appeal. Since Appellant’s first four claims were not included in the concise
statement filed before the trial court, they are waived.3
Additionally, Appellant’s claims challenging the effectiveness of trial
counsel are generally unreviewable in the context of direct review. See
Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d 728, 738 (Pa. 2002) (“as a general rule,
a [defendant] should wait to raise claims of ineffective assistance of trial
counsel until collateral review”). Appellant has not pointed to any
circumstances that persuade us to disregard the general rule stated in Grant.
Accordingly, we hold that Appellant’s ineffectiveness claims should be deferred
to collateral review.
Appellant’s next claim asserts that the trial court erred in imposing two
fines for the same offense. Although the trial court agreed that Appellant was
entitled to relief on this contention, see Trial Court Opinion, 11/1/17, at 1
(agreeing that sentencing at counts eight and nine on docket number
1697-2015 was in error), Appellant purports to withdraw this issue from our
consideration. See Appellant’s Brief at 79. Notwithstanding Appellant’s effort
to withdraw this claim, we shall review it as it potentially raises an issue that
implicates the legality of a sentence. See Commonwealth v. Smith, ---
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3 In this case, counsel timely complied with the trial court’s order to file a
concise statement. Thus, Rule 1925(c)(3), which allows for remand and the
filing of a concise statement nunc pro tunc where we are convinced counsel
has been per se ineffective, does not apply.
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A.3d ---, 2018 WL 3490917 at *9 (Pa. Super. 2018) (‘illegal sentence’ is a
term of art which Pennsylvania Courts apply to three narrow categories of
cases, including those involving multiple punishments for a single offense).
Our review of the magistrate’s docket in this case reveals that count eight on
docket number 1697-2015 charged “obedience to traffic-control devices” (75
Pa.C.S.A. § 3111(a)) while count nine on that docket charged “failure to stop
at red signal” (75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3112(a)(3)). Hence, the challenged fines were
not imposed for the same traffic violation as Appellant originally suggested.
Appellant’s last two issues challenge the trial court’s order denying his
motion to suppress; hence, we shall address these related contentions in a
single discussion. Here, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred and/or
abused its discretion in denying his motion to suppress. Specifically, Appellant
complains that the trial court wrongly concluded that Hinton possessed
apparent authority to consent to a search of the garage at the Wood Street
property.
Our standard of review in addressing a challenge to the denial of
a suppression motion is limited to determining whether the
suppression court's factual findings are supported by the record
and whether the legal conclusions drawn from those facts are
correct. Because the Commonwealth prevailed before the
suppression court, we may consider only the evidence of the
Commonwealth and so much of the evidence for the defense as
remains uncontradicted when read in the context of the record as
a whole. Where the suppression court's factual findings are
supported by the record, we are bound by these findings and may
reverse only if the court's legal conclusions are erroneous. Where
... the appeal of the determination of the suppression court turns
on allegations of legal error, the suppression court's legal
conclusions are not binding on an appellate court, whose duty it
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is to determine if the suppression court properly applied the law
to the facts. Thus, the conclusions of law of the courts below are
subject to our plenary review.
Commonwealth v. Perel, 107 A.3d 185, 188 (Pa. Super. 2014), appeal
denied, 124 A.3d 309 (Pa. 2015).
Fourth Amendment protections guard against unreasonable searches
and seizures. In the Interest of D.M., 781 A.2d 1161, 1163 (Pa. 2001). “A
warrantless search or seizure is per se unreasonable unless it falls within a
specifically enumerated exception.” Commonwealth v. Wright, 961 A.2d
119, 137 (Pa. 2008). Third-party consent, whether based upon common or
apparent authority, is an exception to the warrant requirement.
Commonwealth v. Strader, 931 A.2d 630, 634 (Pa. 2007). Our Supreme
Court’s opinion in Strader described the scope of the “apparent authority
exception” to the warrant requirement as follows:
A third party with apparent authority over the area to be searched
may provide police with consent to search. Third party consent is
valid when police reasonably believe a third party has authority to
consent. Specifically, the apparent authority exception turns on
whether the facts available to police at the moment would lead a
person of reasonable caution to believe the consenting third party
had authority over the premises. If the person asserting authority
to consent did not have such authority, that mistake is
constitutionally excusable if police reasonably believed the
consenter had such authority and police acted on facts leading
sensibly to their conclusions of probability.
Id. at 634 (citations omitted).
Appellant’s position is that the trial court should not have credited the
testimony of Trooper Myers, who said that Hinton consented to a search of
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Appellant’s garage after she told him she resided at the Wood Street residence
and thereby demonstrated her apparent authority to agree to a search of the
premises. Appellant characterized Trooper Myers’ testimony as “inadmissible
hearsay” that lacked any indicia of reliability since it was contrary to the
suppression hearing testimony of Hinton and another female who averred that
Hinton told Trooper Myers that she could not consent to a search because she
did not live at the Wood Street property. Contrary to Appellant’s contentions,
we conclude that the Commonwealth’s evidence, together with the evidence
offered by the defense which remains uncontroverted when read against the
record as a whole, supports the trial court’s conclusion that Trooper Myers
reasonably relied on Hinton’s apparent authority to give consent.
The trial court made the following observations based upon the
testimony offered at Appellant’s suppression hearing.
Relative to the search, Trooper [Myers] testified that upon arrival
at [the Wood Street property] he met [Hinton] on the front porch
of the residence and she informed him that she resided there.
[Trooper] Myers further testified that: Hinton was friendly and
cooperative during their discussion; that Hinton walked with him
to the garage at the rear of the property; that he was able to see
under the garage door which was raised a few inches off the
ground; that he observed a motorcycle tire through this gap; that
Hinton gave permission for him to search the garage; and that he
could not recall whether he or Hinton opened the garage door.
Hinton testified that she informed Myers that she did not reside at
[the Wood Street residence] and that she could not consent to a
search of the garage. Hinton further testified that: she was in a
relationship with [Appellant]; she never gave [Trooper] Myers
permission to search the garage; and [Trooper] Myers just opened
the garage door without permission. [A second female present]
testified that she was present on the porch at the residence and
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heard Hinton tell [Trooper] Myers that Hinton did not live [at the
Wood Street residence] and that she could not give him
permission to search the garage.
Trial Court Opinion, 11/16/16, at 1-2.
Based upon the foregoing evidence, the trial court credited the
testimony of Trooper Myers and determined that the facts known to him at
the time justified his belief that Hinton possessed authority to consent to the
search of the garage. This assessment finds ample support in the suppression
record. Moreover, we note that the testimony introduced by the defense,
which does not contradict the Commonwealth’s evidence, lends further
support to the trial court’s determinations. Hinton testified that she was
staying at the Wood Street property because renovations were being
performed at her residence. N.T. Suppression, 9/22/16, at 59 and 63. In
addition, the second female on scene testified that she went to the Wood
Street property to see Hinton and that both women were inside the property
when police authorities first approached the residence. Id. at 52. Taken
together, this testimony supports the trial court’s finding that Hinton was an
adult resident at the Wood Street home who possessed apparent authority to
authorize a search of the premises. Under our standard of review, we perceive
no basis for finding that the trial court erred or abused its discretion. Hence,
Appellant is entitled to no relief.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/4/2018
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