Com. v. Gago, E.

J-S62007-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
EDWIN GAGO :
:
Appellant : No. 1230 EDA 2017

Appeal from the PCRA Order March 17, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0013691-2010

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED DECEMBER 04, 2018

Edwin Gago appeals from the order, entered in the Court of Common

Pleas of Philadelphia County, denying his petition for collateral relief filed

pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 Upon review, we affirm,

based in part on the opinion authored by the Honorable Susan I. Schulman.

The trial court summarized the relevant facts as follows:

At trial, the Commonwealth presented the testimony of Edward
DeOleo Valdez. On September 21, 2010, Mr. DeOleo left the home
he occupied with his girlfriend, Maritza Rodriguez, at 3060 E.
Street, to go to the corner grocery [store] at E. and Clearfield
[Streets]. [DeOleo] had worked at that grocery [store] for the
previous year and a half. He had originally met Ms. Rodriguez, as
well as her previous boyfriend, the Appellant, Edwin Gago, as
customers at that store. [Gago] and Ms. Rodriguez have two (2)
children together.

____________________________________________

1 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
J-S62007-18

While walking to the store, Mr. DeOleo heard steps behind him,
turned, and saw a person behind him, wearing a black mask.2
Recognizing his body, face and eyes, Mr. DeOleo spoke [Gago’s]
nickname, ‘Mingo’, and in response, heard [Gago] say in a voice
which DeOleo recognized, ‘I told you I would get you in the street,
Cabron.’ Mr. DeOleo then turned, ran towards the grocery store,
and heard gunshots as he ran. Mr. DeOleo was struck in the back,
stomach and head as he ran towards and into the grocery store.
The owner of the grocery store, Eustacia Guzman, came to his
assistance, [and] called Ms. Rodriguez, who ran to the grocery
store. As he lay on the floor of the grocery store, Mr. DeOleo
repeatedly told Mr. Guzman and Ms. Rodriguez that ‘Mingo’ had
shot him.

Mr. DeOleo was taken to Temple University Hospital where he
underwent surgery on his pelvis, intestines and stomach. In
addition to the wounds in his abdomen, he also sustained wounds
in his shoulder and on his head. He was hospitalized for nine days
and had a recovery period in excess of three months. While at
Temple University Hospital, Mr. DeOleo was shown a photo array
and identified [Gago] as his assailant. He again identified [Gago]
as his assailant at trial.

[Gago] was, as of September 2010, under a Protection from Abuse
(“PFA”) order obtained by Ms. Rodriguez. Ms. Rodriguez testified
that she had sought the restraining order in June of 2010 because
[Gago] had harassed her both at home and at her place of
employment, a Hess station on City Line Avenue, by repeated
unwanted visits and phone calls in which he threatened to kill
himself if Ms. Rodriguez would not allow him to return to the home
that he had shared with Ms. Rodriguez and their two sons. Ms.
Rodriguez testified that she observed [Gago] driving past her
home displaying what she believed to be a gun. She testified that
she was scared of [Gago] because she believed that he was
violent, that she and [Gago] argued, and that [Gago] choked her
‘so many times.’

[Gago] sought to establish that Ms. Rodriguez sent him messages
through Facebook and left text messages on his phone seeking to
reconcile with him. Rodriguez denied that she had made the
Facebook postings or the phone calls. The Commonwealth
introduced testimony identifying the phone number used for these
text messages as belonging, at the time of the alleged text
messages, to Jorge Santoni, [Gago’s] brother, not Ms. Rodriguez.

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J-S62007-18

[Gago] presented alibi testimony through his cousin, Damien
Santoni, who contended that [Gago] was at his garage at 249
West Duncannon [Street] doing electrical work at the time he
allegedly had made the threatening drive-by on September 21,
2010[,] described by DeOleo[,] and that [Gago] had been present
at his garage at 4610 4th Street at the time Mr. Deoleo was shot.
Mr. Santoni’s testimony was supported by the testimony of his
son, Devon Moore, who testified that he had seen [Gago] at the
249 West Duncannon [Street] garage as well as at the 4610 [4]th
Street garage at those times.

[Gago] also presented the testimony of his niece, Yajaira Reyes,
who lives with his mother, to dispute the description of [the] July
of 2010 encounter provided by Ms. Rodriguez and Mr. DeOleo. In
contrast to the testimony of Mr. DeOleo and Ms. Rodriguez, Ms.
Reyes testified that the aggressor was Ms. Rodriguez who “spoke
in a bad tone” to [Gago] and said[,] “What is this cabron [sic]
doing here, this bastard, this son of a bitch, I’m going to put him
in jail.” Ms. Reyes testified that [Gago] said nothing during the
encounter.
_______________
2DeOleo testified to having several previous encounters with
Gago. One took place in July of 2010 at City Hall. DeOleo
was there with Rodriguez and her son Javier when they ran
into Gago who, according to DeOleo, came towards them
with a threatening and menacing face and told DeOleo that
“I’m going to get you in the street, Cabron.” Another
encounter took place on the morning of September 21,
2010. DeOleo stood in the doorway of his home, which he
shared with Rodriguez, with Javier and observed Gago drive
past in a truck and come to a stop in the road, and looked
at DeOleo in what he described as a threatening manner.
DeOleo went to the grocery store because he was scared
and observed Gago circle the block and return to park in
front of the home.

Trial Court Opinion, 12/18/17, at 2-4.

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J-S62007-18

On September 26, 2011, a jury convicted Gago of attempted murder in

the first degree,2 aggravated assault,3 possessing a firearm without a license,4

and possessing instruments of crime.5 On March 23, 2012, the court

sentenced Gago to an aggregate term of fifteen to thirty years of

incarceration.6 Gago filed a direct appeal and, on November 20, 2013, this

Court affirmed his judgment of sentence. Commonwealth v. Gago, No.

1942 EDA 2012 (Pa. Super. filed Nov. 20, 2013) (unpublished memorandum).

Gago subsequently filed a petition for allowance of appeal to the Pennsylvania

Supreme Court, which was denied. Commonwealth v. Gago, 94 A.3d 1007

(Pa. 2014).

On May 18, 2015, Gago filed a counseled PCRA petition, and

subsequently amended it, challenging trial counsel’s effectiveness.

Specifically, Gago claimed: (1) trial counsel was ineffective for opening the

door to other crimes/bad acts evidence; (2) trial counsel was ineffective for

____________________________________________

2 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 901.

3 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(1).

4 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6106(a)(1).

5 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 907(a).

6 The court sentenced Gago as follows: 15-30 years’ imprisonment for
attempted murder; 5-10 years’ concurrent imprisonment for aggravated
assault; 2-4 years’ concurrent imprisonment for possessing a firearm without
a license; and no further penalty imposed on possessing an instrument of
crime.

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J-S62007-18

failing to object to the attempted murder and aggravated assault instruction

given by the court; and (3) trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to

inadmissible hearsay evidence. On March 17, 2017, the court dismissed

Gago’s petition. This appeal followed.

On appeal, Gago raises the following issues:

1. Did the PCRA court err by denying relief on a claim alleging that
trial counsel was ineffective for opening the door to other
crimes or bad acts evidence?

2. Did the PCRA court err by denying relief on a claim alleging that
[] trial counsel was ineffective for not objecting to defective
attempted murder and aggravated assault instructions?

3. Did the PCRA court err by denying relief on a claim alleging that
trial counsel was ineffective for not objecting to incriminating
inadmissible hearsay evidence?

Appellant’s Brief, at 3.

“On appeal from the denial of PCRA relief, our standard and scope of

review is limited to determining whether the PCRA court’s findings are

supported by the record and without legal error.” Commonwealth v. Abu-

Jamal, 941 A.2d 1263, 1267 (Pa. 2008) (citation omitted).

[C]ounsel is presumed to have provided effective representation
unless the PCRA petitioner pleads and proves that: (1) the
underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel had no
reasonable basis for his or her conduct; and (3) [the petitioner]
was prejudiced by counsel’s action or omission. To demonstrate
prejudice, an appellant must prove that a reasonable probability
of acquittal existed but for the action or omission of trial counsel.
A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel will fail if the petitioner
does not meet any of the three prongs. Further, a PCRA petitioner
must exhibit a concerted effort to develop his ineffectiveness claim
and may not rely on boilerplate allegations of ineffectiveness.

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J-S62007-18

Commonwealth v. Perry, 959 A.2d 932, 936 (Pa. Super. 2008) (punctuation

marks and citations omitted).

In determining whether counsel’s action was reasonable, the court does

not consider “whether there were other more logical courses of action” counsel

could have pursued, but simply examines whether counsel’s decision had any

reasonable basis. Commonwealth v. Washington, 927 A.2d 586, 594 (Pa.

2007). Conversely, to merit relief, counsel’s action, given all the other

available alternatives, must be “so unreasonable that no competent lawyer

would have chosen it.” Commonwealth v. Miller, 431 A.2d 233, 234 (Pa.

1981).

A failure to satisfy any prong of the test for ineffectiveness requires

rejection of the claim. Washington, 927 A.2d at 594. “In the context of a

PCRA proceeding, [the defendant] must establish that the ineffective

assistance of counsel was of the type ‘which, in the circumstances of the

particular case, so undermined the truth-determining process that no reliable

adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.’” Id. (quoting 42

Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)). The defendant must establish actual prejudice, or

demonstrate that the alleged act of ineffectiveness falls within a narrow range

of circumstances in which there is a presumption of prejudice.

Commonwealth v. Reed, 971 A.2d 1216, 1224-25 (Pa. 2009).

As the Pennsylvania Supreme Court emphasized, “[a] fair assessment

of attorney performance requires that every effort be made to eliminate the

distorting effects of hindsight, to reconstruct the circumstances of counsel’s

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J-S62007-18

challenged conduct, and to evaluate the conduct from counsel’s perspective”

under the law in existence at the time of counsel’s act or omission.

Commonwealth v. Daniels, 963 A.2d 409, 429 (Pa. 2009) (quoting

Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 689 (1984)). “[A] defendant is

not entitled to relief simply because the strategy is unsuccessful.”

Commonwealth v. Tippens, 598 A.2d 553, 556 (Pa. Super. 1991) (en

banc); accord Commonwealth v. Buksa, 655 A.2d 576, 582 (Pa. Super.

1995).
Gago first claims that trial counsel was ineffective for “opening the door”

to other bad acts evidence. On direct appeal, this Court concluded that trial

counsel in fact had “opened the door” to this evidence and, thus, Pennsylvania

Rule of Evidence 404(b) did not bar its admission. See Commonwealth v.

Gago, No. 1942 EDA 2012 (Pa. Super. filed Nov. 20, 2013) (unpublished

memorandum). This testimony included evidence of 911 call logs from the

home Gago and Rodriguez shared as well as testimony by Rodriguez that Gago

was violent, that he was cheating on her, and that he was drinking and

smoking marijuana heavily. The issue before us is whether counsel is

ineffective for having done so. After our review of the parties’ briefs, the

record and the relevant law, we conclude that Judge Schulman has thoroughly

and properly addressed this issue in her opinion. See Trial Court Opinion,

12/20/17, at 7-13 (trial counsel’s effort to undercut Commonwealth’s

argument that victim was in fact jealous and violent party did have reasonable

basis designed to effectuate Gago’s best interest and fact that it was

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J-S62007-18

unsuccessful is immaterial; further, given compelling evidence against him,

Gago failed to establish prejudice).

Gago next claims that trial counsel was ineffective for not objecting to

defective attempted murder and aggravated assault instructions. Specifically,

Gago argues that word “allegedly” was not included in the jury instruction

prior to the word “shot” or “shooting.” He claims counsel’s failure to object or

request the court to modify or recharge the jury with the omitted language

prejudiced him by making it appear that the court agreed that Gago was the

shooter.

Our Supreme Court has stated:

A trial court has wide discretion in phrasing jury instructions.
When reviewing an allegation of an incorrect jury instruction, the
appellate court must view the entire charge to determine whether
the trial court clearly and accurately presented the concepts of the
legal issue to the jury and should not reverse, as a result of the
instruction, unless the trial court committed an abuse of its
discretion. We will not examine a phrase or sentence of an
instruction in a vacuum. Rather, when we evaluate a challenge to
a charge, we must consider how each part fits together to convey
a complete legal principle.

Commonwealth v. Ragan, 743 A.2d 390, 397-98 (Pa. 1999) (citations

omitted). Trial counsel will not be held ineffective for failure to object to an

erroneous jury instruction unless the petitioner can establish prejudice: i.e.,

if counsel had objected to the charge, there is a reasonable probability that

the result at trial would have been different. Commonwealth v. McGill, 832

A.2d 1014, 1023 (Pa. 2003).

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J-S62007-18

Pennsylvania Standard Jury Instruction § 12.901A.1 provides in

pertinent part:

First, that the defendant did a certain act, that is, [he] [she]
[describe act]; Second, that at the time of this alleged act, the
defendant had the specific intent to kill [name of victim], that is,
[he] [she] had a fully formed intent to kill and was conscious of
his or her own intention; and Third, that the act constituted a
substantial step toward the commission of the killing the
defendant intended to bring about.

Pennsylvania Suggested Standard Criminal Jury Instructions, § 12.901A.1.

Here, the court gave the following jury instruction for the charge of attempted

murder:

Number one, that Mr. Gago did a certain act; that is, that he shot
Mr. DeOleo three times in the back, the stomach, the head . . .
that when he shot Mr. DeOleo three times the defendant had
specific intent to kill and was conscious of his own intention . . .
the shooting constituted a significant step toward the commission
of a killing that the defendant intended to bring about.

N.T Trial, 9/26/11, at 69-72.

Because the trial court’s instruction closely tracked the language of the

Pennsylvania Suggested Standard Jury Instructions, we presume the

instruction is accurate. See Commonwealth v. Kerrigan, 920 A.2d 190,

198 (Pa. Super. 2007). The court included in the instruction that each element

of each offense must be established beyond a reasonable doubt, making clear

that it is the jury’s prerogative to convict. N.T. Trial, 9/26/11, at 69-71.

Further, the evidence at trial, including the video surveillance of the entire

shooting and the repeated statements by the victim that it was Gago who shot

him, was overwhelming. As such, Gago failed to establish that but for trial

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counsel not objecting, the jury would have reached a more favorable verdict.

Ragan, supra. Thus, we find no prejudice and, therefore, trial counsel cannot

be found ineffective. See Commonwealth v. Geathers, 847 A.2d 730, 737

(Pa. Super. 2004) (finding evidence against defendant too overwhelming to

conclude defendant was prejudiced by erroneous jury instruction).

Finally, Gago claims that trial counsel was ineffective for not objecting

to incriminating inadmissible hearsay evidence. Gago argues his counsel

should have objected to the alleged hearsay evidence presented by Assistant

District Attorney Kathryn Brown. ADA Brown testified to being present when

another prosecutor called the disputed phone number. Gago provided the

number and alleged it belonged to Rodriguez and that she had been calling

and texting him. Instead, a man answered, identifying himself as Jorge

Santoni, Gago’s brother, who stated he owned the phone for five years. Gago

argues that ADA Kathryn Brown’s testimony, as to hearing Jorge Santoni,

answer the phone and admit to owning the number for five years, was

inadmissible.

The term “hearsay” is “a statement made by someone other than the

declarant while testifying at trial and is offered into evidence to prove the truth

of the matter asserted,” which “is normally inadmissible at trial.”

Commonwealth v. Ali, 10 A.3d 282, 316 (Pa. 2010). However, “out-of-court

statements may be admissible . . . for some relevant purpose other than to

prove the truth of the matter asserted.” Id.; see also Commonwealth v.

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J-S62007-18

Puksar, 740 A.2d 219, 225 (Pa. 1999) (finding statements by witnesses who

overheard defendant and his brother arguing admissible because they were

offered to establish motive for killing, not to prove truth of matter asserted);

Commonwealth v. Brown, 648 A.2d 1177, 1183 (Pa. 1994) (finding

testimony from witness was offered to support Commonwealth’s position that

self-defense claim was sham, not offered as proof of matter asserted).

“When a witness testifies that someone said something to him and the purpose

is not to show that what was said was true but that the statement was made,

the testimony is not hearsay but instead a verbal act.” Commonwealth v.

Jones, 543 A.2d 548, 550 (Pa. Super. 1988) (citations omitted).

Here, ADA Brown’s testimony, that she was present when the prosecutor

dialed the disputed number and a man answered who identified himself as

Jorge Santoni and acknowledged that he owned the phone for five years, was

not admitted to prove the truth of the matter asserted. The truth of ADA

Brown’s testimony, whether Jorge Santoni was in fact the owner of the phone

for five years, is not at issue. Instead, the Commonwealth admitted the

testimony as a “verbal act,” offered to demonstrate that because someone

else answered the phone, Rodriguez did not possess the phone and Gago

falsified the evidence he had supplied. See id. Therefore, because the

evidence was admissible, counsel cannot be found ineffective for failing to

object.

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J-S62007-18

The PCRA court’s findings are supported by the record. We therefore,

affirm the PCRA court’s order denying relief. Abu-Jamal, supra. We direct

the parties to attach a copy of Judge Schulman’s opinion in the event of further

proceedings.

Order affirmed.

PJE Ford Elliott, joins the memorandum.

Judge McLaughlin concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/4/18

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 Circulated 11/08/2018 03:06 PM

FILED

IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF PHILADELPHIA COUNTY OEC 2 0 2017
FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA Office of Judicial Records
CRIMINAL TRIAL DIVISION Appeals/Post Trial

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA CP-51-CR-0013691-2010

VS.

EDWIN GAGO 1230 EDA 2017
CP 51 CR-UU15G91-2010 Comm V. Capp, Edwin
Opinion
OPINION

SCHULMAN, S.1., J. 111111111111111111111111
8045556291
Appellant appeals this Court's Order dismissing his petition filed under the Post-

Conviction Relief Act, 42 Pa. C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546 ("PCRA"). This Court submits the following

Opinion pursuant to Pa. R.A.P. No. 1925 and recommends that Appellant's appeal be denied.

PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On September 26, 2011, a jury convicted Appellant of attempted murder in the first

degree (18 Pa. C.S. § 901), aggravated assault (18 Pa. C.S § 2702(a)(1)), possessing a firearm

without a license (18 Pa. C.S. § 6106(a)(1)), and possessing an instrument of a crime (18 Pa. C.S.

§ 907(a)). On March 23, 2012, Appellant was sentenced to an aggregate term of fifteen (15) to

thirty (30) years' incarceration)

Appellant filed a direct appeal, and on November 20, 2013, the Superior Court affirmed

the jury's verdicts and this Court's sentence. Commonwealth v. Gago. 1942 EDA 2012

(November 20, 2013) (Memorandum Opinion, J. Bender). Appellant subsequently filed a

petition for allowance of appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, which the Court denied on

June 12. 2014. Commonwealth v. Gao. 94 A.3d 1007 (Pa. 2014) (Table).

I 15-30 years imposed on attempted murder; 5-10 years concurrent imposed on aggravated
assault; 2-4 years concurrent imposed on possessing a firearm without a license; and no further
penalty imposed on possessing an instrument of a crime.
1
 On May IX, 2015, Appellant filed a counseled PCRA Petition. On July 22, 2016, the

Commonwealth filed a motion to dismiss Appellant's petition. On December 9, 2016, Appellant

filed an amended Petition, and on December 12, 2016, this Court conducted an evidentiary

hearing on Appellant's claims.

On March 17, 2017, following the evidentiary hearing, this Court dismissed Appellant's

Petition. On April 17, 2017, Appellant filed a notice of appeal to the Superior Court, and on

May 19, 2017, Appellant filed a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal pursuant to Pa.

R.A.P. 1925(b).

RELEVANT FACT1AL HISTORY

This Court summarized the facts of this case in its Rule 1925(a) opinion filed on

November 12, 2012, which states:

At trial, the Commonwealth presented the testimony- of Edward DeOleo Valdez.
On September 21, 2010, Mr. DeOleo left the home he occupied with his girlfriend.
Maritza Rodriguez, at 3060 E. Street, to go to the corner grocery !store' at E. and
Clearfield [Streets]. Mr. [DeOleo] had worked at that grocery [store] for the previous
year and a half. He had originally met Maritza Rodriguez, as well as her previous
boyfriend, the Appellant, Edwin Gago, as customers at that store. Appellant and Ms.
Rodriguez have tw (2) children together.

While walking to the store, Mr. DeOleo heard steps behind him, turned, and saw a
person behind him, wearing a black mask.2 Recognizing his body, face and eyes, Mr.

2 Mr, DeOleo testified that he had previously had several encounters with Appellant during
which Appellant threatened him. One [such encounter] took place in July of 2010 at City Hall
where Mr. DeOleo, accompanied by Maritza Rodriguez and one of her sons by Appellant, Edwin
Jr. Gago, also known as Javier, had gone to get papers needed for his divorce. While there, they
saw Appellant who, according to Mr. DcOlco, came towards them with a threatening and
menacing face and told Mr. DeOleo that "I'm going to get you in the street, Cahron." Another
encounter took place the morning of September 21, 2010, when Mr. DeOleo was standing in the
front door of the house which he shared with Ms. Rodriguez. As he stood in the door way with
Javier Gago, Mr. DeOleo observed Appellant drive past in a truck and come to a stop in the road,
looking at Mr. DcOlco in what Mr. DeOleo described as a threatening manner. Mr. DeOleo
testified that he left the home and went to the grocery store because he was afraid and watched
from the grocery store as Appellant then circled the block and returned again to park in front of
the home.

2
DeOlco spoke Appellant's nickname, 'Mingo', and in response, heard Appellant say in a
voice which Mr. DeOleo recognized, '1 told you I would get you in the street, Cabron.'
Mr. DeOleo then turned, ran towards the grocery store, and heard gun shots as he ran.
Mr. DeOlco was struck in the back, stomach and head as he ran towards and into the
t
grocery store. The owner of the grocery store, Eustacia Guzman, came his assistance,
[and] called Maritza Rodriguez, who ran to the grocery store. As he lay on the floor of
the grocery store, Mr. DeOleo repeatedly told Ms. Guzman and Ms. Rodriguez that
'Mingo" had shot him.

Mr. DeOleo was taken to Temple University Hospital where he underwent
surgery on his pelvis, intestines and stomach. In addition to the wounds in his abdomen,
he also sustained wounds in his shoulder and on his head. He was hospitalized for nine
days and had a recovery period in excess of three (3) months. While at Temple
University Hospital, Mr. DeOleo was shown a photo array and identified Appellant as his
assailant. He again identified Appellant as his assailant at trial.

Appellant was, as of September 2010, under a Protection From Abuse ("PFA")
order obtained by Ms. Rodriguez. Ms. Rodriguez testified that she had sought the
restraining order in June of 2010 because Appellant had harassed her both at home and at
her place of employment, a Hess station on City Line Avenue, by repeated unwanted
visits and phone calls in which he threatened to kill himself' if Ms. Rodriguez would not
allow him to return to the home that he had shared with Ms, Rodriguez and their two
sons. Ms. Rodriguez testified that she observed Appellant driving past her home
displaying what she believed to be a gun. She testified that she was scared of Appellant
because she believed that he was violent, that she and [Appellant] argued, and that
[Appellant] choked her 'so many times.'

Appellant sought to establish that Ms. Rodriguez sent him messages through
Facebook and left text messages on his phone seeking to reconcile with him. Ms.
Rodriguez denied that she had made the Facebook postings or the phone calls. The
Commonwealth introduced testimony identifying the phone number used for these text
f
messages as belonging, at the time the alleged text messages, to Jorge Santoni,
Appellant's brother, not Ms. Rodriguez.

Appellant presented alibi testimony through his cousin, Damien Santoni, who
contended that Appellant was at his garage located at 249 West Duncannon Street' doing
electrical work at the time he allegedly had made the threatening drive -by on September
21, 2010[,] described by Mr. DeOleo[,] and that Appellant had been present at his garage
at 4610 4th Street at the time Mr, DeOleo was shot. Mr. Santoni's testimony was
supported by the testimony of his son, Devon Moore, who testified that he had seen
Appellant at the 249 West Duncannon [Street] garage as well as at the 4610 106 Street
garage at those times.

Appellant also presented the testimony of his niece, Yajaira Reyes, who lives with
his mother, to dispute the description of [the] July of 2010 encounter provided by Ms.
Rodriguez and Mr. eOleo. In contrast to the testimony of Mr. DeOleo and Ms.

3
 Rodriguez, Ms. Reyes testified that the aggressor was Ms. Rodriguez who 'spoke in a bad
tone' to Appellant and said1,1 'What is this carbon doing here, this bastard, this son of a
bitch, I'm going to put him in jail.' Ms. Reyes testified that Appellant said nothing
during the encounter.

See Trial Court Opinion, 11/12/12 (citations to the record and emphasis omitted here).3

ISSUES RAISED ON APPEAL

Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:

1. "Trial counsel was ineffective for opening the door to the introduction of other act
evidence, including evidence of domestic violence '911' calls, which were made
in 2005 from the home that Mr. Gago and Ms. Rodriguez were sharing. These
calls did not provide evidence of violence towards Mr. DeOleo, the victim. That
other act evidence also included testimony that Petitioner was really violent and
choked and shook Ms. Rodriguez, was cheating on her, and drinking heavily and
using marijuana. N.T. 9/22/11, 82-83. This was solely evidence of domestic
abuse and violence, and/or was evidence not relevant to the charge that Mr. Gago
tried to kill Mr. DeOleo; and/or was intended to paint Mr. Gago as a bad man.
Counsel did not have a reasonable basis for opening the door to the presentation
of this evidence; and in using this evidence to prove that Mr. Gago was otherwise
violent, this evidence prejudiced him severely as it destroyed the presumption of
innocence and also tended to demonstrate that he was inherently a bad man."

2. "Counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the attempted murder and
aggravated assault instructions given by the Court. Trial Counsel had objected to
the proposed Commonwealth jury instnictions regarding these crimes because the
words 'allegedly shooting' and 'allegedly shot' were absent from the attempted
murder and aggravated assault instructions. The absence of this wording made it
appear that the Court was in agreement with the Commonwealth's proposed
instructions that. 'Mr. Gago had shot Mr. DeOleo three times.' Although, the
Court agreed with the defense position, N.T. 9/26/11, 8, the 'allegedly' language
was not included in those instructions, and Counsel never requested the Court to
modify the instructions and recharge the jury after these instructions were given
with the omitted language. Thus, both instructions reflected that Mr. Gago had
shot Mr. DeOleo three times. N.T. 9/26/11, 69-71. Counsel had no reasonable
basis for failing to object after the instruction was given, since it constituted
waiver of the claim. Furthermore, as noted above, Mr. Gaga was prejudiced by
this omission as it was made to appear that the Court agreed that Mr. Gago was
the shooter and it is an axiom of appellate law that juries are presumed to follow a
Court's instructions."

3The Superior Court relied on the same recitation of facts in its Memorandum Opinion filed on
November 20, 2013. See Commonwealth v. Gago, 1942 EDA 2012 (November 20, 2013)
(Memorandum Opinion, J. Bender).
4
 3. "Counsel was ineffective in presenting attempted exculpatory evidence that phone
calls had been received by Mr. Gage from Maritza Rodriguez, in an attempt to
nullify the Commonwealth's jealousy motive, when the phone was listed in the
name of Jorge Santoni who is the brother of Mr. Gage, and the calls did not come
from Ms. Rodriguez. By presenting this testimony without taking the simple
steps of investigating the bona fides of this evidence, Counsel allowed the
Commonwealth to present testimony that Petitioner's defense was not truthful
which undercut his own defense and credibility with the jury. Counsel also had
no reasonable basis for not investigating to determine from whom the phone calls
were made, just as the prosecution did, and just like it should reasonably do with
all its witnesses and evidence to determine their bona fides. See, N.T. 9123/11,
37-43."

4. "Counsel was ineffective in failing to object to the hearsay evidence presented by
ADA Kathryn Brown that Jorge Santoni owned the phone, descried[sic] in the
above paragraph. This evidence was presented for the truth of the matter asserted,
i.e., that this phone number was listed to Jorge Santoni for the past five years.
Thus, this evidence was classic hearsay and not admissible. Pa. R.E. 801(c)."

5. "Counsel was ineffective for failing to seek to test the shell casings at the scene
for DNA evidence."

6. "The cumulative effect of all errors was so prejudicial that a new trial should be
granted, even if the errors were not individually significant enough to require the
grant of a new trial."

DISCUSSION

This Court will address Appellant's claims in the order raised above.

1. Whether "[t]rial counsel was ineffective for opening the door to the

introduction of other act evidence, including evidence of domestic violence '911' calls,

which were made in 2005 from the home that Mr. Gage and Ms. Rodriguez were sharing."

The standard of review from the denial of post -conviction relief "is limited to examining

whether the lower court's determination is supported by the evidence of record and whether it is

free of legal error." Commonwealth v. Jones. 590 Pa. 202, 240-241 (2006). "While [appellate

courts] will always defer to [the] PCRA court's factual determinations where supported by the

record, the ultimate question of whether facts rise to the level of arguable merit is a legal

5
determination," Id. "The findings of a post -conviction court, which hears evidence and passes

on the credibility of witnesses, should be given great deference." Id, at 244, Appellate courts

"will not disturb the findings f the PCRA court if they are supported by the record, even where

the record could support a contrary holding." Id. The "scope of [appellate] review is limited to

the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence on the record of the PCRA court's hearing,

viewed in the light most favorable to the prevailing party." Id. The findings of the PCRA court

"will not be disturbed unless they have no support in the certified record." Commonwealth v.

Sampson, 900 A.2d 887, 890 (Pa. Super. 2006).

"It is well -established that counsel is presumed effective, and to rebut that presumption,

the PCRA petitioner must demonstrate that counsel's performance was deficient and that such

deficiency prejudiced him." Commonwealth v. Koehler, 36 A.3d 121, 132 (Pa. 2012). "[A]

PCRA petitioner will be granted relief only when he proves, by a preponderance of the evidence,

that his conviction or sentence resulted from the 'ineffective assistance of counsel which, in the

circumstances of the particular case, so undermined the truth -determining process that no reliable

adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place." Commonwealth v. Spotz, 624 Pa, 4,

33 (Pa. 2014). "Thus, to prove counsel ineffective, Appellant must demonstrate that: (1) the

underlying legal issue has arguable merit; (2) counsel's actions lacked an objective reasonable

basis; and (3) Appellant was prejudiced by counsel's act or omission." Id. "lf a petitioner fails to

prove any of these prongs, his claim fails." Spotz, 624 Pa. 4, 33. Moreover, "it is well -settled

that a court is not required to analyze the elements of an ineffectiveness claim in any particular

order of priority; instead, if a claim fails under any necessary element of the test, the court

may proceed to that element first." Koehler, 36 A.3c1 121, 132.
 Appellant claims his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by "opening the door"

to "evidence of domestic violence '911' calls ... made in 2005 from the home that [Appellant]

and Ms. Rodriguez were sharing;" and to "testimony that [Appellant] was really violent and

choked and shook Ms. Rodriguez, was cheating on her, and drinking heavily and smoking

marijuana." Appellant claims such evidence was inadmissible under Pennsylvania Rule of

Evidence 404(b), which provides in pertinent part:

(b) Crimes, Wrongs or Other Acts.

Prohibited Uses. Evidence of a crime, wrong, or other act is not admissible to prove a
(1.)
person's character in order to show that on a particular occasion the person acted in
accordance with the character.

(2) Permitted Uses. This evidence may be admissible for another purpose, such as
proving motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, absence of
mistake, or lack of accident. In a criminal case this evidence is admissible only if the
probative value of the evidence outweighs its potential for unfair prejudice.

See Pa. R.E. 404(b).

This Court will summarize the testimony and evidence that is relevant to this issue. On

direct examination, Ms. Rodriguez testified that her relationship with Appellant had ended in

April 2010, when she "kick[edr him out of the home they shared. Because Appellant began

harassing and threatening her at home, at her work, and n the phone, Ms. Rodriguez obtained a
Protection From Abuse (PFA) order in June 2010. In violation of the PFA order, Appellant

continued calling Ms. Rodriguez, pleading with her to give their relationship "another

opportunity." Appellant repeatedly told Ms. Rodriguez that he was "sad," "desperate," warned

his family back," and was contemplating suicide. (N.T., 9/21/11, pgs. 90-96).

Ms. Rodriguez testified that on July 7, 2010, she went to City Hall with Mr. DeOleo to

assist him with divorce paperwork. Appellant was at City Hall that same day and saw Ms.

Rodriguez and Mr. DeOleo. Appellant appeared "really mad" and told Mr. DeOleo, "Oh, you

7
are the one, Cabron, with her, I got you in the street." Appellant also addressed Ms. Rodriguez

and said, "You with him. Oh, he's the one you with, him." That same month, Appellant

repeatedly drove by Ms. Rodriguez's home. On one occasion, Appellant drove by and called

Ms. Rodriguez a "puts." Another time, on July 13, 2010, Ms. Rodriquez filed a police report

after Appellant drove by while holding an object which Ms. Rodriquez believed to he a gun. Ms.

Rodriguez testified that Appellant's harassment "scared" her because Appellant is "really

violent." (NJ., 9/21/11, pgs. 96-103).
On cross-examination, trial counsel examined Ms. Rodriguez about whether she was "the

jealous one" in her relationship with Appellant. In this regard, trial counsel examined Ms.

Rodriguez about an assault she committed in 2007, when she punched and cut Appellant's

former wife/girlfriend with whom Appellant was having a sexual affair. Appellant impregnated

his former wife/girlfriend at the same time he impregnated Ms. Rodriguez, who testified she was

"hurt" and felt deceived by Appellant. Trial counsel similarly examined Ms. Rodriguez about

whether her overall relationship with Appellant was "stormy, "rocky," "tumultuous," and

"[p]roblematic." (N.T., 9/21/11, pgs. 119-125; NJ., 9/22/11, pgs. 46-47).

Trial counsel as well examined Ms. Rodriguez about phone calls and text messages she

purportedly made to Appellant alter the shooting. Trial counsel also examined Ms. Rodriguez

about Facebook messages that she purportedly sent to Appellant under an account belonging to

"Mariela Santiago." In these Facebook postings, Ms. Rodriguez purportedly stated that she

loved and missed Appellant. Ms. Rodriguez denied making the phone calls and sending all but

one of the text messages, and denied owning the Facebook account under the name Mariela

Santiago and sending Appellant any Facebook messages. (Id. at pgs. 47-69).

8
 Trial counsel additionally asked Ms. Rodriguez about a Police report she filed on July 7,

2010, and whether "that [was] the first report to a police officer regarding these sets of

circumstances?" Ms. Rodriguez replied that prior t the incident on June 7, 2010, she had made

a "few more" police reports regarding Appellant. Trial counsel asked Ms. Rodriguez whether

she possessed "any paperwork" concerning the prior police reports, and Ms. Rodriguez testified,

"[n]o." (N.T., 9/21/11, pgs. 131-132).

Trial counsel further attempted to establish that relations between Appellant and Ms.

Rodriguez were amicable during the few months preceding the shooting, insofar as they were

cooperating with each other regarding child custody and visitation rights. Trial counsel thus

attempted to undercut Ms. Rodriguez's implication that Appellant was beset by jealousy and

anger over Ms. Rodriguez's relationship with Mr. DeOleo. (N.T., 9/21/11, pgs. 139-142; N.T.,

9/22/11, pgs. 32-33).

On re -direct examination, the Commonwealth examined Ms. Rodriguez about her

"tumultuous, jealous relationship" with Appellant, which trial counsel had already referenced.

Ms. Rodriguez testified that Appellant was "really violent" during their relationship and would

"shake" and "choke" her. Over trial counsel's objection, Ms. Rodriguez testified that she was in

"a really violent relation with [Appellant], ... especially emotional because he cheating, in the

past he drink, he use marijuana." (N.T., 9/22/17, pgs. 82-83).

Over trial counsel's objection, the Commonwealth also introduced a document showing

that eleven 911 calls were made from the homes that Appellant and Ms. Rodriguez shared during

their relationship. The document was admitted to establish the dates on which the calls were

made, the addresses from which they were made, and the "coding" of the calls ("domestic

incident" or "person screaming"). (N.T., 9/23/11, pgs. 62-64).

9
 On direct appeal, the Superior Court addressed Appellant's challenge to Ms. Rodriguez's

testimony that Appellant was "really violent" and had "choked and shook her." The Superior

Court agreed with this Court that trial counsel "had 'opened the door' t the nature of the

relationship between Ms. Rodriguez and Appellant," and thus "Rule 404(b) did not bar ...

admission" of the testimony. Commonwealth v. Gago, 2013 Pa. Super. Unpub. LEXIS 2819,

*18-19 (Pa. Super. 2013). The Superior Court also held that trial counsel had "opened the door

to the evidence of the 911 calls ('911 call log') made from the home shared by Ms. Rodriguez

and Appellant." Id. at *20.

In his PCRA petition and Rule 1925(b) Statement, Appellant claims his trial counsel "did

not have a reasonable basis for opening the door to the presentation of 'the abovel evidence; and

in using this evidence to prove that Mr. Gago was otherwise violent, this evidence prejudiced

him severely as it destroyed the presumption of innocence and also tended t demonstrate that he

was inherently a had man."

"[W]here matters of strategy and tactics are concerned, counsel's assistance is deemed

constitutionally effective if he chose a particular course that had some reasonable basis designed

to effectuate his client's interests." Koehler, 36 A.3d 121, 132. "[A] Ending that a chosen

strategy lacked a reasonable basis is not warranted unless it can be concluded that an alternative

not chosen offered a potential for success substantially greater than the course actually pursued."

Spotz, 624 Pa. 4, 33; Commonwealth v. David°, 106 A.3d 611, 620-621 (Pa. 2014). "In

reviewing trial counsel's performance, [courts] will not find ineffectiveness for failure to choose

the best trial tactics or strategy to effectuate Appellant's interests." Commonwealth v. Showers,

681 A.2d 746. 753 (Pa. Super. 1996). "Rather, the proper inquiry is whether counsel's actions or

lack thereof had some reasonable basis." Id. "If so, counsel is deemed effective." Id. "Not every

10
choice made by counsel will play out as intended; however, the test is not whether the course

chosen is successful, but rather whether in making that choice there was a logical reason

supporting counsel's action." Commonwealth v. Smith, 606 Pa. 127, 155 (Pa. 2010) (citations

omitted here).

"[A] claim of ineffectiveness may not be evaluated in hindsight." Commonwealth v.

Speight, 544 Pa. 451, 461 (Pa. 1996). Rather, all a court "need[s] [to] determine is whether the

course of action chosen by trial counsel at the time of trial had some reasonable basis designed to

effectuate his client's best interests, and, if so, [the court] will deem counsel effective and [the]

inquiry ends." Id. Moreover, the ineffectiveness standard "calls for an inquiry into the objective

reasonableness of counsel's performance, not counsel's subjective state of mind."

Commonwealth v. Philistin, 617 Pa. 358 at fn. 23 (Pa. 2012) (citing Harrington v. Richter, 562

U.S. 86, 110 (201 1); Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688 (1984)).

During Appellant's PCRA hearing, trial counsel did not have a solid recollection of his

strategic decisions at trial. Nevertheless, counsel testified that his goal in examining Ms.

Rodriguez about her relationship with Appellant, which encompassed the assault she committed

on Appellant's former wife/girlfriend in 2007, was "to undercut the insinuation by the

Commonwealth that [Appellant] was the more violent of the individuals" in the "admittedly ...

stormy relationship." (N.T., 12/12/16, pgs. 15-18). Moreover, during the pretrial motion

hearing, trial counsel explained that he sought to cross-examine Ms. Rodriguez about her 2007

assault in order to undercut the Commonwealth's theory that Appellant had shot Mr. DeOleo

"over jealousy." In counsel's words:

... The victim in that case is a lady by the name of Betzaida Lopez... This was
[Appellant's] former wife. [Appellant] has two children with Betzaida Lopez, he has two
children, he has two boys with Maritza Rodriguez. Maritza Rodriguez stabbed Betzaida
because she believed that [Appellant] was still sleeping with Betzaida. This goes to

11
 undercut their theory that it was [Appellant], since we are allowing in the general theory
about the jealousy, because that's their theory that this was a shooting over jealousy, that
it was, in fact, Maritza Lopez, who is the jealous one with regard to this relationship.

So it is directly relevant as to who the victim is, the connection that Ms.
Rodriguez has with Ms. Lopez and the ongoing jealousy between the two woman
regarding children, the two girls versus the two boys. So it goes to undercut the
Commonwealth's theory that Maritza Rodriguez wants nothing to do with [Appellant],
that she was absolutely led up with him. In fact, it was the opposite. And we will be
providing that cross-examination and rebuttal throughout the defense. This is directly
relevant.

(N.T., 9/19/11, pgs. 43-44).

It was clear the Commonwealth had sought to establish that jealousy was Appellant's

motive for shooting Mr. eOleo. The Commonwealth examined Ms. Rodriguez about

Appellant's numerous phone calls to her in which he alternately expressed regret, anger, and

sadness over the end of their relationship. The Commonwealth also examined Ms. Rodriquez

about Appellant's threatening conduct and remarks to Mr. DeOleu and Ms. Rodriguez. It was

equally clear that, on cross-examination, trial counsel sought to undercut the Commonwealth's

jealousy theory by establishing it was Ms. Rodriguez, not Appellant, who was jealous and

vindictive about their tumultuous relationship. Moreover, trial counsel sought to establish that

the prior "tumultuous," "rocky" relationship did not support a motive to shoot Mr. DeOlen

because their relationship was amicable during the two months preceding the shooting.

Under the circumstances, trial counsel's effort to undercut the Commonwealth's jealousy

theory by examining Ms. Rodriguez about her relationship with Appellant, and about her own

jealousy -inspired violence, had "some reasonable basis" designed to effectuate Appellant's

interests. Speight, 544 Pa. 451, 461 (counsel is deemed effective if his "course of action chosen

... at the time of trial had some reasonable basis designed to effectuate his client's best

interests[.]"). That counsel's strategy proved unsuccessful is immaterial. Smith, 606 Pa. 127,

12
155 ("[T]he test is not whether the course chosen is successful, but rather whether in making that

choice there was a logical reason supporting counsel's action.''),

Regarding the 911 call log, trial counsel testified that he was unaware of the log's

existence but "probably should have anticipated it." However, the log did not indicate who made

the 911 calls or specifically why they were made. To establish prejudice for his ineffectiveness

claim, Appellant must show there "is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's error, the

outcome of the [trial] would have been different," Smith, 606 Pa. 127, 141. Putting aside the

911 log, the properly admitted evidence included the victim's multiple identifications of

Appellant as the shooter, and Appellant's post-PFA order harassment and threats to the victim

and Ms. Rodriguez. Given this compelling evidence, it is not reasonably probable that the brief

presentation of the call log, which provided little context regarding the calls, had tipped the scale

in this case. Appellant's PCRA claim on this ground therefore was properly dismissed.

2. Whether trial counsel "was ineffective for failing to bject to the attempted

murder and aggravated assault instructions given by the Court."

Appellant alleges that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to this Court's

following jury instructions for the crimes of attempted murder and aggravated assault:

First of all, Mr. Gago's charged with attempted murder. To find him guilty you
must find three elements have been proven to you beyond a reasonable doubt.
Number one, that Mr. Gago did a certain act; that is, that he shot Mr. DeOleo three
times in the back, the stomach, the head. That's the first element. Number two, that
when he shot Mr. DeOleo three times the defendant had the specific intent to kill him;
that is, he had a fully informed intent to kill and was conscious of his own intention. And
the third element is that the shooting constituted a substantial step toward the commission
of a killing that the defendant intended to bring about.

Those are the three elements of attempted murder,

13
 If you are satisfied that the three elements of attempted murder have been
proven beyond a reasonable doubt, then you should find the defendant guilty.
Otherwise, you must find him not guilty.

Mr. Ciago is also charged with aggravated assault. It is a separate crime. To find
him guilty of this offense there are three elements that must be proven to you
beyond a reasonable doubt. Number one, that the defendant caused serious bodily
injury to Mr. DeOleo when he shot him three times. Serious bodily injury is bodily
injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes serious permanent
disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or
organ.

The second element is that the defendant acted intentionally, knowingly or
recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human
life. And, actually, there are two elements, apologize. That was the second element I
1

just gave to you.

(N.T., 9/26/11, pgs. 69-72) (bold print supplied here).

Appellant argues that the word "allegedly" should have preceded the word "shot" in the

Court's instructions. Appellant claims he "was prejudiced by this omission as it was made to

appear that the Court agreed that [Appellant] was the shooter" rather than the "alleged" shooter,

and "it is an axiom of appellate law that juries are presumed to follow a Court's instructions."

"When evaluating the propriety ofjury instructions, [courts] will look to the instructions

as a whole, and not simply isolated portions, to determine if the instructions were improper."

Commonwealth v. Charleston, 94 A.3d 1012, 1021 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citations omitted here).

"[1]t is an unquestionable maxim of law in this Commonwealth that a trial court has broad

discretion in phrasing its instructions, and may choose its own wording so long as the law is

clearly; adequately, and accurately presented to the jury for its consideration." Id. "Only where

there is an abuse of discretion or an inaccurate statement of the law is there reversible error." Id.

This Court's instructions clearly tracked the language of Pennsylvania's Suggested

Standard Jury Instructions (Crirn) § 12.901 A.1 and 15.2702B. It is therefore "presumed that

such instructions are an accurate statement of the law." Commonwealth v. Kerrigan, 920 A.2d

14
190, 198 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citing Commonwealth v. Prosdocimo. 578 A.2d 1273, 1277 (Pa.

1990)). Moreover, this Court instructed that Appellant's shooting of the victim was an element

of both crimes, which must be proven to the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. Viewed in its

entirety, this Court's instructions unquestionably advised that it was the jury's prerogative to

determine whether the Commonwealth established beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant had

shot Mr. DeOleo, and Appellant's appeal on this ground is meritless.4

3. Whether trial counsel "was ineffective in presenting attempted exculpatory

evidence that phone calls had been received by Mr. Gaga from Maritza Rodriguez, in an

attempt to nullify the Commonwealth's jealousy motive, when the phone was listed in the

name of Jorge Santoni who is the brother of Mr. Gaga, and the calls did not come from Ms.

Rodriguez."

Appellant provided his counsel with fabricated evidence that Ms. Rodriguez had called

and texted Appellant from a particular phone number. It turned out that the phone number

4 This Court additionally instructed the jury as follows regarding Appellant's presumption of
innocence, the jury's role as factfinder, and the Commonwealth's burden of proof:

[Tihe defendant is presumed to be innocent. The fact that he was arrested and accused
of a crime is not evidence against him. Furthermore, the defendant is presumed innocent
throughout the trial and unless and until you conclude based upon your careful and
impartial consideration of the evidence that the Commonwealth has proven his guilt
beyond a reasonable doubt.

defendant's burden to prove that he is not guilty. Instead, it's the
It is not the
Commonwealth that always has the burden of proving each and every element of the
crimes charged and that the defendant is guilty of those crimes beyond a reasonable
doubt. The person accused of a crime is not required to present any evidence or prove
anything in his own defense. If the Commonwealth's evidence fails to meet its burden
then your verdict must be not guilty. On the other hand, if the Commonwealth's
evidence does prove to you beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty, then
your verdict should be guilty. (N.T., 9/26/1 I: pgs. 52-53).

25
belonged to Appellant's brother, not to Ms. Rodriguez. Appellant now complains that his

counsel was ineffective for not investigating Appellant's false evidence that Appellant wished to

have presented at trial. Appellant's argument is frivolous.

"The reasonableness of counsel's investigation and preparation depends critically on the

information supplied by the defendant." Commonwealth v. Uderra, 550 Pa. 389, 401 (1998)

(citing Commonwealth v. Peterkin, 511 Pa. 299 (1986); Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668

(1984)). The United States Supreme Court has explained:

The reasonableness f
counsel's actions may be determined or substantially influenced
by the defendant's own statements or actions. Counsel's actions are usually based, quite
properly, on informed strategic choices made by the defendant and on information
supplied by the defendant. In particular, what investigation decisions are reasonable
depends critically on such information. For example, when the facts that support a
potential line of defense are generally known to counsel because of what the defendant
has said, the need for further investigation may be considerably diminished or eliminated
altogether. And when a defendant has given counsel reason to believe that pursuing
certain investigations would be fruitless or even harmful, counsel's failure to pursue
those investigations may not later be challenged as unreasonable. In short, inquiry into
counsel's conversations with the defendant may be critical to a proper assessment of
counsel's investigations decisions, just as it may he critical to a proper assessment of
counsel's other litigation decisions.

Strickland, 466 U.S. 688. 691.

Counsel's failure t catch Appellant's own deception does not equate to ineffective

assistance, and Appellant's lies merit n relief. See Uderra. 550 Pa. 389. 401 ("Appellant's own

failure to cooperate with counsel in order to apprise him of allegedly relevant information cannot

.. provide a basis for ineffectiveness claims.").

4. Whether trial counsel "was ineffective in failing to object to the hearsay

evidence presented by ADA Kathryn Brown that Jorge Santoni owned the phone" which

Appellant had falsely claimed to have belonged to Ms. Rodriguez.

16
 On September 22, 2011, trial counsel cross-examined Ms. Rodriguez about phone calls

she purportedly made to Appellant from the number (267) 257-2067. Ms. Rodriguez denied

making the calls and did not recollect ever possessing a phone with that number. (N.T., 9/22/11,

pgs. 47-69). That evening the prosecutor called that number in the presence of her colleague,

assistant district attorney Katie Brown, Esquire (Ms. Brown), from the prosecutor's office. The

following day, September 23, 2011, Ms. Brown testified that she listened to the call, that a male

identifying himself as Jorge Santoni answered the phone, and that this male stated that the

number - i.e., (267) 257-2067 - belonged to him. The male stated that he had possessed that

phone number for five (5) years. (N.T., 9/23/11, pgs. 127-132).

Appellant claims that Ms. Brown's testimony concerning the male's statements were

"presented for the truth of the matter asserted - i.e., that [the] phone number was listed to Jorge

Santoni for the past five years." Appellant therefore claims "this evidence was classic hearsay

and not admissible."

Hearsay "is a statement made by someone other than the declarant while testifying at trial

and is offered into evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted[.]" Commonwealth v. Ali,

608 Pa. 71, 126 (Pa. 2010). However, "[t]he hearsay rule has no application where the question

is whether certain things were said or written by a third person and not whether they are true."

Commonwealth v. Jacobs. 445 Pa. 364, 367 (Pa. 1971). "When a witness testifies that someone

said something to him and the purpose is not to show that what was said was true but that the

statement was made, the testimony is not hearsay but instead a 'verbal act.'" Commonwealth v.

Jones, 543 A.2d 548, 550 (Pa. Super. 1988); Commonwealth v. Wright, 455 Pa. 480, 485 (Pa.

1974) ("The hearsay rule does not apply to all statements made to or overheard by a witness, but

only those statements which are offered as proof of the truth of what is said.").

17
 The Commonwealth presented Ms. Hail's testimony to establish that the phone number

belonged to someone other than -Ms. Rodriguez, not to prove the content of the phone

conversation. Since Ms. Hall's testimony was not presented to prove the content of the phone

conversation, but to establish circumstantially that Ms. Rodriguez had not called Appellant from

that number, the testimony was properly admitted as "verbal act" evidence.

5. Whether trial counsel "vvas ineffective for failing to seek to test the shell

casings at the scene for DNA evidence?"

At the PCRA hearing, Appellant claimed his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to

obtain DNA testing of the shell casings recovered from the shooting scene. Appellant's claim is

too speculative to merit relief.

"A defendant raising a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is required to show

actual prejudice: that is, that counsel's ineffectiveness was of such magnitude that it could have

reasonably had an adverse effect on the outcome of the proceedings." Commonwealth v.

Charleston, 94 A.3c11012, 1019-1020 (Pa. Super. 2014) (quoting Commonwealth v. Spatz, 84

A.3d 294, 315 (2014)). "This standard is different from the harmless error analysis that is

typically applied when determining whether the trial court erred in taking r failing to take

certain action." Id. "The harmless error standard ... states that whenever there is a 'reasonable

possibility' that an error might have contributed to the conviction, the error is not harmless." Id.

"This standard, which places the burden on the Commonwealth to show that the error did not

contribute to the verdict beyond a reasonable doubt, is a lesser standard than the ... prejudice

standard, which requires the defendant to show that counsel's conduct had an actual adverse

effect on the outcome of the proceedings." Id. "This distinction appropriately arises from the

difference between a direct attack on error occurring at trial and a collateral attack on the

18
stewardship of counsel." Id. "In a collateral attack, we first presume that counsel is effective,

and that not every error by counsel can or will result in a constitutional violation of a defendant's

Sixth Amendment right to counsel." Id. "Unsupported speculation does not establish [a]

reasonable probability" that counsel's ineffectiveness could have reasonably had an adverse

effect on the outcome of the trial. Id. at 1026.

Here, it would be too speculative to find that DNA testing would have favorably

impacted Appellant's position at trial. The shooter (a) wore gloves; and (b) even if the shooter

had handled the bullets with his bare hands, all or most of the DNA would likely have been

destroyed by the heat/combustion created when the bullets were discharged from the gun's

chamber. (See N.T., 12/12/16, pgs, 62-64). Thus, Appellant cannot establish the prejudice

prong of his ineffectiveness claim. See Charleston. supra ("Unsupported speculation does not

establish reasonable probability."). Beyond that, given the victim's repeated and consistent

identifications of Appellant as the shooter, there was a reasonable risk that DNA analysis would

have inculpated Appellant. Accordingly, counsel's decision to forego such testing and focus on

other avenues of defense was reasonable. See Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 108 ("An attorney need not

pursue an investigation that would he fruitless, much less one that might be harmful to the

defense.").

6. Whether "ItJhe cumulative effect of all errors was so prejudicial that a new

trial should be granted, even if the errors were not individually significant enough to

require the grant of a new trial."

Since trial counsel's above -referenced conduct was either reasonable or did not so

prejudice Appellant as to adversely affect the outcome of trial, Appellant is not entitled to a new

trial and his appeal should he denied.

19
 CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth in the foregoing Opinion, this Court's Order dismissing

Appellant's PCRA Petition should be affirmed.

BY THE COURT:

DATE: ()-Cligivi,7
SAN I. SCHULMAN, J.

20
 PROOF OF SERVICE

I, Darece Williford, secretary to Honorable Susan I. Schulman, hereby certify that I

served, on December 20, 2017 by first-class mail, postage prepaid, a true and correct copy

of the foregoing Opinion on the following:

Jerome M. Brown, Esquire
8 Penn Center Plaza
1628 JFK Boulevard, Suite 1000
Philadelphia, PA 19103

Hugh Burns, ADA
istrict Attorney's Office
Three South Penn Square
Philadelphia, PA 19107

Darece Williford