State v. Barnes

[Cite as State v. Barnes, 2019-Ohio-296.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
MONTGOMERY COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 28068
:
v. : Trial Court Case No. 2017-CR-3042
:
ADRIAN BARNES : (Criminal Appeal from
: Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
:

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OPINION

Rendered on the 1st day of February, 2019.

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MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by ANDREW T. FRENCH, Atty. Reg. No. 0069384, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division,
Montgomery County Courts Building, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, Ohio 45422
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

TRAVIS KANE, Atty. Reg. No. 0088191, 130 West Second Street, Suite 460, Dayton,
Ohio 45402
Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

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DONOVAN, J.

{¶ 1} This matter is before the Court on the July 20, 2018 Notice of Appeal of

Adrian Barnes. Barnes was convicted following a guilty plea to one count of aggravated

robbery (deadly weapon), in violation of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1), a felony of the first degree.

The trial court sentenced Barnes to four years in prison and ordered him to make

restitution to Levaughn Springer in the amount of $104.

{¶ 2} Barnes’s counsel has filed a brief pursuant to Anders v California, 386 U.S.

738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967). Counsel asserts that he “finds no issues of

merit upon which to base this Appeal.” On October 23, 2018, this Court advised Barnes

that counsel filed an Anders brief and invited him to file a pro se brief within 60 days,

assigning any errors for review by this Court. No pro se brief has been filed. Having

thoroughly reviewed the entire record, we conclude that Barnes’s appeal lacks arguable

merit.

{¶ 3} On September 28, 2017, Barnes was charged by way of complaint in

Vandalia Municipal Court with two counts of aggravated burglary (physical harm and

deadly weapon), in violation of R.C. 2911.11(A)(1) and (2), felonies of the first degree.

He pled not guilty on September 29, 2017. On October 5, 2017, the municipal court issued

an “Entry Finding Probable Cause and Ordering Defendant Held for Action of Grand Jury.”

{¶ 4} Barnes was indicted on October 20, 2017, on one count of aggravated

robbery, in violation of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1) (deadly weapon), a felony of the first degree,

one count of robbery, in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2) (physical harm), a felony of the

second degree, and one count of burglary, in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(3), a felony of

the third degree. Barnes pled not guilty on October 24, 2017. On November 29, 2017,
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he filed a motion to suppress, which the court overruled after a hearing. On February 22,

2018, Barnes filed a “Motion for Competency Exam,” and on March 1, 2018, he filed a

plea of not guilty by reason of insanity and a “Motion for Sanity Exam.” On the same day

the court issued an “Entry Ordering Examination upon Plea of Not Guilty by Reason of

Insanity.” On April 27, 2018, the court issued an “Order for Second Opinion Examination

for Competency and Sanity.” On June 14, 2018, after a competency hearing, the court

found Barnes competent to stand trial.

{¶ 5} Barnes entered his guilty plea on June 13, 2018, pursuant to a plea

agreement. The following exchange occurred at the plea hearing:

[PROSECUTOR]: Your Honor, the offer from the State is for the

Defendant to plead guilty to Count I, aggravated robbery, a felony of the first

degree, and agree to a sentence of between three and five years of (sic)

CRC, as well as restitution, in the amount of $1,500. The State will then

nolle Count II, robbery, a felony of the second degree, and Count III,

burglary, a felony of the third degree.

THE COURT: [Defense counsel], is that the plea agreement

reached in this case?

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Yes Judge. As far as the years are

concerned, and I just wanted to - - our agreement as to restitution would not

eliminate the need for there to be proof of that amount presented, correct?

THE COURT: Well, that would be part of the presentence

investigation. They would obtain proof from whoever the victim or victims

were - -
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[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Okay.

THE COURT: - - and provide that to the Court, and the Court would

then - - will make a determination - -

***

THE COURT: - - on a restitution.

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: * * * And you’re okay with that, right?

THE DEFENDANT: Yeah.

[PROSECUTOR]: And, Your Honor, due to a prior conviction of the

Defendant, this will be mandatory time.

THE COURT: * * * And, Mr. Barnes, is that your understanding of the

plea agreement?

THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

THE COURT: Is this what you want to do?

THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

THE COURT: Knowing, sir, that I will be sending you to prison for

a term somewhere between at least three years, up to five years, and that

would be a mandatory sentence. You understand that?

THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

{¶ 6} The court then ascertained that Barnes was 34 years old and a citizen of

the United States, had obtained his GED, and was able to read, write, and understand

the English language. Barnes indicated to the court that he was then on parole. The

following exchange occurred:

THE COURT: Mr. Barnes, you understand that the Court could
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impose time on you for violations of post-release control, but I would tell you

I would still honor the range of the sentence of three to five years in this

case? Do you understand that?

THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

***

THE COURT: * * * Now, sir, you’re charged in this case with

aggravated robbery, which is a felony in the first degree. Do you

understand as a result of your plea, the Court could sentence you to

financial sanctions, including a fine of up to $20,000? I could order court

costs, restitution, if there is any, and other financial sanctions. Do you

understand that?

THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

THE COURT: Do you also understand, sir, the Court could send

you to prison for a term of three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or

eleven years as a potential sentence in this case. Do you understand that?

THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

THE COURT: And do you understand, sir, the sentence would be

a mandatory sentence I would have to impose. You understand that?

THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

THE COURT: And you understand, sir, that with a mandatory

sentence, it would not be reduced by earned credit, judicial release, or

furlough? Do you understand that?

THE DEFENDANT: Yes.
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THE COURT: And I will honor the agreement of the three to five

years.

THE DEFENDANT: All right. Thank you.

{¶ 7} The court then advised Barnes regarding post-release control and that he

was not eligible for community control sanctions, and Barnes indicated his understanding.

Barnes indicated that he had not been promised anything beyond the plea agreement to

induce his plea, and he acknowledged his understanding that a plea of guilty is a complete

admission of guilt. Barnes indicated that he understood that a presentence investigation

would be completed, and disposition would occur subsequent to the investigation. The

court then advised Barnes of the constitutional rights he waived by pleading guilty, namely

the right to a trial by jury; to have his guilt proven beyond a reasonable doubt to all

members of the jury; to confront witnesses against him; to order witnesses to appear at

trial; and that he could not be compelled to testify, and that his refusal to do so could not

be held against him. Barnes indicated his understanding of his constitutional rights.

{¶ 8} After the prosecutor read a statement of the charge, Barnes indicated his

understanding thereof and acknowledged that the facts stated were true. Barnes

indicated that he discussed his case with his attorney, and that he was entering his plea

voluntarily. Barnes signed the plea form, and he indicated to the court, “I understand

everything, I believe.” The court found that Barnes’s plea was knowing, intelligent and

voluntary.

{¶ 9} Barnes was sentenced on June 26, 2018. The court at that time indicated

that it had reviewed the presentence investigation report, the parties’ sentencing

memoranda, and “the factual issues surrounding this case.” Barnes indicated to the
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court that he “tried to take the law into my own hands, and I do apologize for that.” The

court indicated in part as follows:

THE COURT: Mr. Barnes, I do recognize that, and you made a

mistake by doing that, and that would cause me or it does cause me not to

go to the maximum of the five years, but I also have to consider your record

involved in this case, and you do have a poor record, criminal record, and it

doesn’t seem like you were very successful when we gave you the

opportunity before on probation.

The court then imposed a four year sentence and ordered restitution in the amount of

$104.

{¶ 10} Barnes’s counsel asserts three potential assignments of error. The State

filed a response noting that there are no arguments to which it can respond. Counsel’s

first potential assignment of error is as follows:

WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT COMPLIED WITH ALL REQUIRED

ELEMENTS OF OHIO RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE RULE 11.

{¶ 11} Counsel for Barnes acknowledges that, at the plea hearing, the State

explained the plea agreement (that the State and the Defendant agreed to a sentencing

range of 3 to 5 years and restitution), read the facts of the case, and agreed to a

presentence investigation. The trial court then addressed Barnes, and Barnes stated

that he understood all the terms of the plea agreement, his rights, the potential maximum

sentence, additional consequences such as post-release control, and the fact that the

sentence would include mandatory prison time.

{¶ 12} As this Court recently noted:
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Crim.R. 11(C)(2) requires the court to address the defendant

personally and (a) determine that the defendant is making the plea

voluntarily, with an understanding of the nature of the charges and the

maximum penalty, and, if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for

probation or for the imposition of community control sanctions; (b) inform

the defendant of and determine that the defendant understands the effect

of the plea and that the court, upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed

with judgment and sentencing; and (c) inform the defendant and determine

that he or she understands that, by entering the plea, the defendant is

waiving the rights to a jury trial, to confront witnesses against him or her, to

have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses, and to require the State

to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial at which he or she cannot

be compelled to testify against himself or herself. State v. Brown, 2d Dist.

Montgomery No. 21896, 2007-Ohio-6675, ¶ 3.

The Supreme Court of Ohio has urged trial courts to literally comply

with Crim.R. 11. State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748, 893

N.E.2d 462, ¶ 29. However, because Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b) involve

non-constitutional rights, the trial court need only substantially comply with

those requirements. E.g., State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d

474 (1990). “Substantial compliance means that under the totality of the

circumstances the defendant subjectively understands the implications of

his plea and the rights he is waiving.” Id. In contrast, the trial court must

strictly comply with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c), as it pertains to the waiver of federal
 -9-

constitutional rights. Clark at ¶ 31.

Furthermore, when non-constitutional rights are at issue, a

defendant who challenges his plea on the basis that it was not knowingly,

intelligently, and voluntarily made generally must show a prejudicial effect.

State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, ¶

17. Prejudice in this context means that the plea would otherwise not have

been entered. Id. at ¶ 15.

State v. Mayberry, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27530, 2018-Ohio-2220, ¶ 29-31.

{¶ 13} Given the thorough and complete Crim.R. 11 colloquy set forth above, we

agree with counsel for Barnes that this potential assignment of error lacks arguable merit.

{¶ 14} Barnes’s counsel’s second potential assignment of error is as follows:

WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN NOT CONSIDERING

R.C. 2929.11 AND R.C. 2929.12 ON THE RECORD AT APPELLANT’S

SENTENCING HEARING.

{¶ 15} Counsel for Barnes notes that this “Court has addressed this issue before

and held that failure to mention the specific statutes at sentencing does not invalidate the

sentence.” Counsel notes that the “sentence in this case was in the range of the agreed-

upon sentence. Therefore, it appears the trial court did not err with regards to its

considerations of sentencing.”

{¶ 16} The record reflects that the trial court failed to mention R.C. 2929.11 and

R.C. 2929.12 at the sentencing hearing and in the judgment entry of conviction.

{¶ 17} We initially note that appellate courts are required to review felony

sentences under the standard or review set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State v.
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Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231, ¶ 1. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)

provides:

The appellate court may increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a

sentence that is appealed under this section or may vacate the sentence

and remand the matter to the sentencing court for resentencing. The

appellate court's standard for review is not whether the sentencing court

abused its discretion. The appellate court may take any action authorized

by this division if it clearly and convincingly finds either of the following:

(a) That the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings

under division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13, division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of

section 2929.14, or division (I) of section 2929.20 of the Revised Code,

whichever, if any is relevant;

(b) That the sentence is contrary to law.

{¶ 18} The court was not required to make findings pursuant to R.C. 2929.11 and

R.C. 2929.12. “Even if there is no specific mention of R.C. 2929.11 or R.C. 2929.12 in

the record, it is presumed that the trial court gave proper consideration to those statutes.

State v. English, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26337, 2015-Ohio-1665, ¶ 22.” State v. Pack,

2d Dist. Clark No. 2018-CA-52, 2018-Ohio-4632, ¶ 10. The trial court imposed an agreed-

upon sentence within the statutory range, and we presume that the court considered the

overriding purposes of felony sentencing in R.C. 2929.11 and the seriousness and

recidivism factors in R.C. 2929.12. Accordingly, we conclude that appellate counsel’s

second potential assignment of error lacks arguable merit.

{¶ 19} Barnes’s final potential assignment of error is as follows:
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WHETHER APPELLANT RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE

OF COUNSEL BY PLEADING GUILTY AND NOT PLEADING NO

CONTEST.

{¶ 20} It is well-settled that, unlike “a plea of no contest, a plea of guilty waives

any error on the part of the trial court in failing to suppress evidence. * * *.” State v.

Carson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20285, 2004-Ohio-5809, ¶ 8. Counsel for Barnes

suggests that trial counsel may have been ineffective in that, by pleading guilty, Barnes

lost the ability to appeal the trial court’s denial of his motion to suppress. As this Court

has previously noted:

A claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel requires both a

showing that trial counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard

of reasonableness, and that the defendant was prejudiced as a result.

Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674

(1984). A reviewing court “must indulge in a strong presumption that

counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional

assistance.” Id.at 689. The prejudice prong requires a finding that there is a

reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the

result of the proceeding would have been different, with a reasonable

probability being “a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the

outcome.” Id. at 694. See also State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538

N.E.2d 373 (1989).

State v. McGlown, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25434, 2013-Ohio-2762, ¶ 14.

{¶ 21} Counsel for Barnes notes that this Court has previously addressed this
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issue and directs our attention to State v. Barron, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2017-CA-46, 2018-

Ohio-1221. Therein, this Court noted as follows:

* * * [A]lthough Barron has not raised the issue, we cannot say that

allowing him to plead guilty rather than no-contest constituted ineffective

assistance of counsel where the plea was a negotiated one. In exchange

for a guilty plea, the State agreed to sentencing-related concessions.

Nothing in the record indicates that the State would have made the same

concessions in exchange for a no-contest plea.

Barron at ¶ 5, citing McGlown at ¶ 17.

{¶ 22} Barnes pled guilty to aggravated robbery, which carries a maximum prison

term of eleven years. R.C. 2929.14(A)(1). Barnes’s presentence investigation report

reveals that he had an extensive misdemeanor and felony criminal record as an adult.

As a result of his negotiated plea, his sentence was capped at five years, and two other

felony charges against him were dismissed. Barnes was sentenced to four years, less

than the maximum possible under the parties’ agreement. As noted in Barron, “[n]othing

in the record indicates that the State would have made the same concessions in exchange

for a no-contest plea.” In other words, prejudice is not demonstrated. We accordingly

conclude that counsel’s third potential assignment of error lacks arguable merit.

{¶ 23} We have also conducted our independent review of the record, and we

agree with appellate counsel that there are no non-frivolous issues for review.

{¶ 24} Having found no arguable merit to Barnes’s Anders appeal, the judgment

of the trial court is affirmed.

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HALL, J. and TUCKER, J., concur.

Copies sent to:

Mathias H. Heck, Jr.
Andrew T. French
Travis Kane
Adrian Barnes
Hon. Dennis J. Adkins