IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. COA18-761
Filed: 19 February 2019
Orange County, No. 16 CVD 493
MARK STEVEN BEZZEK, Plaintiff
v.
SHERRY LEE BEZZEK, Defendant.
Appeal by defendant from order entered 27 February 2018 by Judge Joseph M.
Buckner in District Court, Orange County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 30 January
2019.
No brief filed for plaintiff-appellee.
M. Noah Oswald, for defendant-appellant.
STROUD, Judge.
In April of 2016, plaintiff filed a complaint for absolute divorce and equitable
distribution. On 31 May 2016, defendant filed an answer to the complaint which
admitted the allegations relevant to absolute divorce but also included a motion to
dismiss the claim for equitable distribution, alleging the parties had entered into a
“Separation Agreement” (“Agreement”) which “addressed the matters of equitable
distribution” and thus “waived their right to equitable distribution by the express
terms thereof.” On 28 June 2016, the trial court entered an order of absolute divorce
acknowledging the Agreement but ultimately reserving the issue of equitable
distribution for further proceedings.
BEZZEK V. BEZZEK
Opinion of the Court
On 2 December 2016, plaintiff filed a motion to rescind or set aside Agreement
based upon fraud, duress, undue influence, Wife’s failure to disclose assets,
unconscionability, and in the alternative, impossibility of performance. Husband
also filed a motion for establishment of child support, alleging that he was unable to
pay the child support established by the Agreement and requesting the trial court to
set child support according to the North Carolina Child Support Guidelines. The trial
court held a hearing on Husband’s motion to set aside the Agreement on 23 August,
5 September, and 28 September 2017, and on 27 February of 2018, the trial court
entered an order with extensive findings of fact regarding Wife’s fraud; failure to
disclose many assets to Husband, in breach of paragraph 14 of the Agreement; duress;
undue influence; unconscionability; and impossibility. The trial court concluded that
Husband was entitled to relief and that the Agreement was void. The trial court
decreed that:
1. The June 25, 2015 Contract of Separation and
Martial Settlement Agreement is rescinded, set aside, and
void and of no legal effect;
2. Plaintiff may proceed on his claim of Equitable
Distribution.
Defendant filed a notice of appeal from the 27 February 2018 order. In the
“STATEMENT OF GROUNDS FOR APPELLATE REVIEW” in her brief, Wife claims
simply that “Judge Buckner’s February 27, 2018 Order is a final judgment from a
district court in a civil action, and appeal therefore lies to the Court of Appeals
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BEZZEK V. BEZZEK
Opinion of the Court
pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7A-27(b).” But the order is not a final order, since the
equitable distribution claim is still pending before the trial court.1
A final judgment is one which disposes of the cause as to
all the parties, leaving nothing to be determined between
them in the trial court. An interlocutory order, on the other
hand, is one made during the pendency of an action which
does not dispose of the case, but leaves it for further action
by the trial court in order to settle and determine the entire
controversy.
Cagle v. Teachy, 111 N.C. App. 244, 246–47, 431 S.E.2d 801, 803 (1993) (citation
omitted).
When an appeal is interlocutory and not certified for
appellate review pursuant to Rule 54(b), the appellant
must include in the statement of grounds for appellate
review sufficient facts and argument to support appellate
review on the ground that the challenged order affects a
substantial right. Otherwise, the appeal is subject to
dismissal.
Peters v. Peters, 232 N.C. App. 444, 447, 754 S.E.2d 437, 440 (2014) (citation,
quotation marks, and brackets omitted).
Wife has the burden of establishing a right to appeal this interlocutory order:
Rule 28(b) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate
Procedure provides, in relevant part:
An appellant’s brief shall contain a statement
of the grounds for appellate review. Such
statement shall include citation of the statute
or statutes permitting appellate review.
When an appeal is interlocutory, the
statement must contain sufficient facts and
1 The motion for establishment of child support was also still pending according to our record.
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BEZZEK V. BEZZEK
Opinion of the Court
argument to support appellate review on the
ground that the challenged order affects a
substantial right.
While our Supreme Court has held that noncompliance
with nonjurisdictional rules such as Rule 28(b) normally
should not lead to dismissal of the appeal, when an appeal
is interlocutory, Rule 28(b)(4) is not a nonjurisdictional
rule. Rather, the only way an appellant may establish
appellate jurisdiction in an interlocutory case (absent
Rule 54(b) certification) is by showing grounds for
appellate review based on the order affecting a substantial
right.
Edwards v. Foley, ___ N.C. App. ___, ___, 800 S.E.2d 755, 756 (citations, quotation
marks, ellipses, and brackets omitted), writ of supersedeas and petition for disc.
review denied, 370 N.C. 377, 807 S.E.2d 571 (2017).
The trial court did not certify the order for review under Rule 54(b), so Wife
must show that she has
been deprived of a substantial right pursuant to N.C. Gen.
Stat. §§ 1–277 and 7A–27(d)(1). This Court has stated that
to be immediately appealable on the foregoing basis, a
party has the burden of showing that: (1) the judgment
affects a right that is substantial; and (2) the deprivation
of that substantial right will potentially work injury to him
if not corrected before appeal from final judgment.
Whether a substantial right will be prejudiced by delaying
appeal must be determined on a case by case basis.
Collins v. Talley, 135 N.C. App. 758, 760, 522 S.E.2d 794, 796 (1999) (citation
omitted). Wife has made no argument of any deprivation of a substantial right that
would be lost without immediate appeal, so she has not carried her burden under
Rule 28. See Edwards, ___ N.C. App. at ___, 800 S.E.2d at 756.
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BEZZEK V. BEZZEK
Opinion of the Court
In the absence of showing deprivation of a substantial right, although not
mentioned by defendant, this Court has jurisdiction to review some interlocutory
family law orders under North Carolina General Statute § 50-19.1, but an order
ruling upon the validity of a separation agreement is not specifically enumerated as
one such order:
Notwithstanding any other pending claims filed in
the same action, a party may appeal from an order or
judgment adjudicating a claim for absolute divorce, divorce
from bed and board, the validity of a premarital agreement
as defined by G.S. 52B-2(1), child custody, child support,
alimony, or equitable distribution if the order or judgment
would otherwise be a final order or judgment within the
meaning of G.S. 1A-1, Rule 54(b), but for the other pending
claims in the same action.
N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 50-19.1 (2018).2 The order on appeal does not fall within the
types of orders set forth in N.C. Gen. Stat. S 50-19.1, and we cannot simply add the
validity of a separation and property settlement agreement to this list.
We have also considered whether we should suspend the requirements of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure to grant review by certiorari under Rule 2.
Rule 2 of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate
Procedure permits this Court to suspend or vary the
requirements of the Rules to prevent manifest injustice to
2 North Carolina General Statute § 50-19.1 was first adopted in 2013, and it originally did not include
“the validity of a premarital agreement as defined by G.S. 52B-2(1)” in the list of orders for which an
interlocutory appeal could be taken; this language was added by an amendment in 2018. See N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 50-19.1 Editor’s Note. North Carolina General Statute § 52B-2(1) defines a “Premarital
agreement” as “an agreement between prospective spouses made in contemplation of marriage and to
be effective upon marriage.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 52B-2(1) (2017).
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BEZZEK V. BEZZEK
Opinion of the Court
a party, or to expedite decision in the public interest. We
exercise our authority under Rule 2 to consider the parties’
appeals as petitions for certiorari, and we grant certiorari
to review the trial court’s interlocutory order.
Brown v. City of Winston-Salem, 171 N.C. App. 266, 269–70, 614 S.E.2d 599,
601–02 (2005) (quotation marks and brackets omitted). We have also considered
treating Wife’s brief as a petition for certiorari and allowing review under Rule 2, but
in our discretion, we decline to do so. See State v. Campbell, ___ N.C. App. ___, ___,
810 S.E.2d 803, 814 (“The decision to allow review under Rule 2 is discretionary[.]”),
writ of supersedeas and disc. review allowed, ___ N.C. ___, 813 S.E.2d 849 (2018).
First, Wife did not request a suspension of the Rules under Rule 2. Also, Husband
did not file a brief in this appeal, and he may have decided not to file a brief in reliance
upon Wife’s failure to establish this court’s jurisdiction to consider her appeal.
“It is the court’s duty to dismiss an appeal sua sponte when no right of appeal
exists.” Collins, 135 N.C. App. at 762, 522 S.E.2d at 798. Since the validity of the
Agreement is the only substantive issue addressed in the order appealed, and Wife
has not made any argument regarding deprivation of a substantial right, we must
dismiss this appeal as interlocutory. See Peters, 232 N.C. App. at 447, 754 S.E.2d at
440.
DISMISSED.
Judges DIETZ and BERGER concur.
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