IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 18-2130
Filed March 6, 2019
IN THE INTEREST OF A.G., G.M., and T.M.,
Minor Children,
B.M., Father of G.M. and T.M.,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rachael E. Seymour,
District Associate Judge.
A father appeals the order terminating his parental relationship with two
children, ages five and two years. AFFIRMED.
Aaron H. Ginkens of Ginkens Law Firm, P.L.C., West Des Moines, for
appellant father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Anagha Dixit, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Nicole Garbis Nolan of Youth Law Center, Des Moines, guardian ad litem
for minor children.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Tabor and Bower, JJ.
2
TABOR, Judge.
A father, Brian, appeals the juvenile court order terminating his parental
relationship with G.M., born in January 2014, and T.M., born in September 2016.1
The court granted the State’s petition to terminate based on the father’s ongoing
issues with substance abuse, mental health, and physical violence.2
In his petition on appeal, Brian raises seven issues: (1) Did the State prove
termination was proper under Iowa Code section 232.116(1) subsections (f) and
(h) (2018)? (2) Was termination in the children’s best interests? (3) Was
termination detrimental to the children because of their close relationship with
Brian? (4) Did the State breach Brian’s right to confidentiality by offering evidence
from his substance-abuse counselor and mental-health provider? (5) Should the
court have granted Brian six more months to reunify with his children? (6) Should
the children have been placed with relatives rather than in foster care? And
(7) should the court have honored the parents’ request for increased visitation?
After reviewing the record, we find none of these issues requires reversal. 3
The State established Brian was not a safe custodial option for these children and
moving promptly toward permanency promotes their welfare.
1
The juvenile court also terminated the parental relationship of the mother, Sadie, with
G.M. and T.M., as well as their half-sibling A.G. The supreme court dismissed her appeal
as untimely. In the termination same order, the juvenile court terminated the parental
rights of A.G.’s father, who consented to the action and does not appeal.
2
The violence included an involuntary-manslaughter conviction for causing the death of
his two-month-old child.
3
We review Brian’s claims de novo, which means we adjudicate anew those issues
properly preserved and presented. See In re L.G., 532 N.W.2d 478, 480 (Iowa Ct. App.
1995). Although we are not bound by them, we give weight to the juvenile court’s factual
findings, especially as to witness credibility. See In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219 (Iowa
2016). The State must offer clear and convincing proof, which means we have no “serious
or substantial doubts as to the correctness [of] conclusions of law drawn from the
3
I. Facts and Prior Proceedings
The Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS) took notice of A.G., G.M.,
and T.M. when the family moved to Iowa from Minnesota where they had open
child-welfare cases. The Iowa juvenile court adjudicated the children in need of
assistance (CINA) in August 2017. The parents, Brian and Sadie, did not
consistently engage in services. Both parents tested positive for
methamphetamine in December 2017, yet denied any drug use.
In January 2018, the juvenile court found the parents had not been honest
about Sadie’s pregnancy.4 T.F.M. was born in February 2018. The juvenile court
ordered T.F.M. removed from her parents’ care two days after her birth.5
Brian did not show a strong commitment to overcoming his substance-
abuse problem. Brian told providers he was only attending treatment “because he
is required to but does not actually believe he has any substance abuse issue.” At
the DHS Family Team Meeting in mid-April, the caseworker asked the parents to
provide drug screens and they refused to do so. The court considered those
screens to be positive. The father also tested positive for methamphetamine in
May. The court found Brian’s “continued decision to associate with unsafe persons
shows a lack of insight and understanding of his substance abuse needs.”
In June 2018, the court directed the State to file a petition to terminate
parental rights. The court focused on the parents’ unresolved mental-health issues
evidence.” In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010) (quoting In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d
489, 492 (Iowa 2000)).
4
Sadie had denied being pregnant until approximately two months before the child’s birth.
5
The juvenile court terminated Brian’s parental relationship with T.F.M. in a separate
order, which he also appealed. We are also filing our decision in that case today. In re
T.M., No. 18-2137, 2019 WL _______ (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 6, 2019).
4
and Brian’s “physical and verbal aggression towards the children.” The court noted
Brian was initially “dishonest” in denying “any history of child abuse” but after
further questioning, he admitted a conviction for manslaughter in the death of his
child, D.M.6 Brian also had a founded child-abuse assessment for indecent contact
with a child.7 The State filed its petition in July 2018.
The juvenile court held the termination-of-parental-rights hearing for A.G.,
G.M., and T.M. over three days in August and September 2018. On the first day,
Sadie appeared in court with a fresh black eye. Sadie said she was “mugged” on
her way home from work the night before. The juvenile court noted: “When
questioned by the police officer, [Sadie] denied [Brian] assaulted her but when the
office asked about his whereabouts, [Sadie] stated he went out to get something
to drink because he was upset about the assault and injuries.” The juvenile court
found Sadie’s version of events lacked credibility.
To prove termination of his parental rights was appropriate, the State called
Brian’s substance-abuse and mental-health treatment providers. They both
testified Brian admitted selling methamphetamine during the pendency of the CINA
case. Brian also testified at the termination hearing. He denied using drugs during
the CINA case. When asked about dealing methamphetamine, he invoked his
privilege against self-incrimination. Brian denied assaulting Sadie before the
hearing. The court found Brian had unresolved aggression issues as evidenced
6
According to DHS reports, Brian was convicted of manslaughter in connection with the
October 2000 shaken-baby death of his two-month-old child. At the termination hearing,
Brian denied responsibility for the death of D.M.
7
According to DHS reports, in 2010, Brian inappropriately touched a child’s buttocks while
she was asleep.
5
by his demeanor during court when asked questions about his prior criminal
convictions and founded sexual-abuse allegations.
The court issued its order terminating parental rights in November 2018.
Brian now appeals.
II. Analysis
We start with Brian’s challenge to the statutory grounds for termination—
Iowa Code section 232.116(1), paragraphs (f) (as to G.M.) and paragraph (h) (as
to T.M). The State claims Brian did not preserve error because he requested an
additional six months to work toward reunification. We find the father’s request for
a delay in permanency was in the alternative to his contention the State did not
present clear and convincing evidence to support termination. Accordingly, we
reach the merits of his sufficiency argument.
Paragraphs (f) and (h) differ only as to the ages of the children and the
amount of time they must be removed from the home. Both G.M. and T.M. lived
outside the home for longer than twelve consecutive months, both were
adjudicated as CINA, and both met the requisite age requirements. The only
question remaining is whether the court could safely return G.M. and T.M. to
Brian’s care at the time of the termination hearing. See In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d
100, 111 (Iowa 2014).
The State offered clear and convincing evidence Brian could not be a
reliable parent for his two-year-old daughter and four-year-old son—given his
criminal history, including an involuntary manslaughter conviction for the death of
another child, and his current unstable lifestyle. Brian did not have a steady source
of income; Sadie testified he relied on selling plasma to pay the bills. His
6
commitment to substance-abuse treatment was “superficial.” And testimony at the
termination hearing revealed he sold methamphetamine during the pendency of
this case. Brian’s continued exposure to illegal substances posed a continuing risk
to the children. Termination of parental rights was proper under paragraphs (f)
and (h).
We next turn to Brian’s second and third arguments, that the juvenile court
should have foregone termination because it was not in the children’s best
interests and would be detrimental to them because of the closeness of the parent-
child relationship. See Iowa Code § 232.116(2),8 (3)(c).9 Under the three steps in
the code, even if the statutory grounds are met, the juvenile court must consider
whether termination is in the child’s best interests under the section 232.116(2)
framework and whether any of the factors in section 232.116(3) tip the scales away
from termination. In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40–41 (Iowa 2010).
The juvenile court recognized safety is at the forefront of any best-interest
determination. And the children could not be safely reunited with Brian because
he had not adequately addressed his substance abuse, mental health, or
aggression issues. As for the closeness of their relationship, the social workers
did observe an affectionate bond between Brian and the children during visits. But
the record did not show severing ties with Brian would be more harmful to the
children than waiting for their father to become a fit parent. See In re A.S., 906
8
“[T]he court shall give primary consideration to the child’s safety, to the best placement
for furthering the long-term nurturing and growth of the child, and to the physical, mental,
and emotional condition and needs of the child.”
9
“The court need not terminate the relationship between the parent and child if the court
finds . . . [t]here is clear and convincing evidence that the termination would be detrimental
to the child at the time due to the closeness of the parent-child relationship.”
7
N.W.2d 467, 476 (Iowa 2018) (placing burden on parent to prove “exception to
termination”). We do not find a reason in section 232.116(2) or (3) to deny the
termination petition.
As his fourth issue, Brian alleges the State violated his right to confidentiality
by offering evidence from his substance-abuse counseling and mental health
treatment. He cites In re A.M., 856 N.W.2d 365, 377 (Iowa 2014), in which our
supreme court recognized the “importance of confidentiality to mental health
treatment.” But Brian does not analyze its application to his case.
Substance-abuse counselor Natalie Brown told the court Brian admitted
selling methamphetamine during the CINA cases as a source of income. His
mental health therapist, Amanda Burgod, testified Brian was diagnosed with
generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar II disorder, and unspecified trauma disorder.
Brian also reported to Burgod that he sold methamphetamine. Both providers
testified Brian signed a release allowing them to share confidential information with
the DHS but asked them not to discuss the methamphetamine sales.
The State argues those releases distinguish this case from A.M., where the
mother did not waive privilege when her therapist was called to testify. 856 N.W.2d
at 371. Moreover, in A.M., our supreme court decided the legislature balanced the
competing public policies—a mental-health patient’s right to privacy and the
State’s interest in ensuring the safety and welfare of children in need of
assistance—in favor of access to information in the child-welfare proceedings. Id.
at 378; see also Iowa Code § 232.96(5) (stating “the privilege attaching to
confidential communications between a health practitioner or mental health
professional and patient” shall not be grounds for excluding evidence at a child-
8
welfare hearing). Without a more substantive argument on Brian’s behalf, we
cannot find he is entitled to relief under A.M.
In his fifth issue, Brian asks for more time to reunify with the children. To
continue placement for an additional six months, Iowa Code section 232.104(2)(b)
requires the juvenile court to determine the need for removal will no longer exist at
the end of the extension. In considering a delay in permanency, the court must
bear in mind “if the plan fails, all extended time must be subtracted from an already
shortened life for the children in a better home.” In re A.A.G., 708 N.W.2d 85, 92–
93 (Iowa Ct. App. 2005). We do not favor an extension in this case. Brian has a
long track record of child abuse—resulting in the death of one infant—as well as
serious drug addictions. He has not come close to resolving these concerns. The
record does not show six more months of services would prevent termination.
In Brian’s sixth issue, he argues the juvenile court erred in approving foster
care over relative placement for the children. His petition on appeal cites statutes
and case law discussing relative notification and placement but does not specify
how this authority impacts his particular situation. See Iowa Code §§ 232.84(2),
.117(3)(c); In re N.V., 877 N.W.2d 146, 150 (Iowa Ct. App. 2016) (analyzing
intervenor claims). Accordingly, we find no basis to grant relief.
In his seventh and final issue, Brian raises a reasonable-efforts argument.
Specifically, he contends the juvenile court should have granted the parents’
request for increased visitation. Although the DHS is obliged to make reasonable
efforts toward reunification, “parents have a responsibility to object when they
claim the nature or extent of services is inadequate.” See In re L.M., 904 N.W.2d
9
835, 839–40 (Iowa 2017). Brian does not identify when he alerted the juvenile
court that the frequency or duration of his supervised visits were inadequate.
Assuming Brian did not waive this issue, we find the supervised visitation
extended the parents was appropriate to the children’s needs. Brian and Sadie
had two-hour visits with all four children twice weekly. Given the ongoing concerns
about Brian’s substance abuse and aggressive behavior, it would not have been
consistent with the children’s best interests to move toward more extensive or
unsupervised visits.
AFFIRMED