IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 16-0365
Filed June 15, 2016
IN THE INTEREST OF J.V., A.V., AND L.V.,
Minor children,
T.B., Mother,
Appellant,
M.V., Father,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Tama County, Angeline M. Wilson,
District Associate Judge.
A mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights to three children. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
Melody J. Butz of Butz Law Offices, P.C., Center Point, for appellant
mother.
C. Aron Vaughn of Kaplan & Frese, L.L.P., Marshalltown, for appellant
father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Janet L. Hoffman, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Ryan P. Tang of the Law Office of Ryan P. Tang, P.C., Cedar Rapids, for
minor children.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Tabor, JJ.
2
TABOR, Judge.
This child-welfare appeal involves three children: ten-year-old J.V., nine-
year-old A.V., and six-year-old L.V. The juvenile court terminated the parental
rights of their mother and father under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f) and (l)
(2015). Both parents argue the State did not prove the statutory grounds by
clear and convincing evidence. The parents also claim termination is not in the
best interests of the children.1 Because the State offered ample evidence the
children could not be safely returned to their parents’ care and termination
offered them the best chance at long-term nurturing and growth, we affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
This family most recently came to the attention of the Iowa Department of
Human Services (DHS) in December 2013 because the parents were alleged to
have used methamphetamine around the children.2 The DHS confirmed the
report regarding the father. Another concern surfaced less than two months later
when the mother left the children with her mother on February 11, 2014, without
telling anyone where she was going or when she would return. Three days later,
she had not returned, and the grandmother called law enforcement. While Tama
County deputies were at the home, the mother returned under the influence of
1
The mother additionally alleges the State did not provide reasonable efforts toward
reunification. Because she did not raise this challenge in the juvenile court, we find it is
not preserved for our review. See In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 773 (Iowa 2012) (“[T]he
general rule that appellate arguments must first be raised in the trial court applies to
[child-in-need-of-assistance] and termination of parental rights cases.”).
2
This was not the family’s first interaction with the DHS. The two older children were
adjudicated in need of assistance (CINA) in 2008 due to the father’s domestic abuse and
the mother’s drug use. While the mother resisted drug testing, she did make progress
on her case plan and separated from the father. (The father and mother were never
married but lived together on and off through the years.) The DHS returned the children
to the mother’s care in October 2009 and closed the CINA case in 2010.
3
methamphetamine. The children were removed to foster care because the
grandmother faced health issues. The mother was committed for inpatient
substance abuse treatment. The juvenile court adjudicated J.V., A.V., and L.V.
as CINA by stipulation on April 11, 2014.
The father was incarcerated for the majority of the CINA proceedings. A
criminal no-contact order was entered because he made serious threats against
the children’s mother. He started serving a federal prison sentence in May 2014.
He is not scheduled for discharge until July 2018.
On May 21, 2014, the DHS started a trial home placement of the three
children with their mother. As a condition of the placement, the court mandated
the mother participate in substance abuse treatment until successful discharge
and imposed other fairly strict drug testing requirements. The court opined that
given the mother’s past performance, it was necessary to “make the
requirements as concrete and non-negotiable as possible.” The DHS ended the
trial home placement on August 8, 2014, because the mother tested positive for
methamphetamine. The children returned to foster care and have not been
returned to either parent’s care during the course of the case.
By December 2014, the mother had stopped participating in services and
failed to appear at a review hearing. The mother refused drug tests and failed to
complete substance abuse treatment. While she was fairly consistent in visiting
her children, she did not communicate with the DHS workers. By February 2015,
the mother was missing more visits with her children than she was attending.
The juvenile court directed the State to file a petition to terminate parental rights.
4
The State’s February 18, 2015 filing spurred the mother to re-engage with
DHS services. She was living with her mother and step-father and was working
part-time in a restaurant. But the mother did not address her substance abuse
issues. She refused to wear sweat patches, instead submitting only to UA tests.
When she underwent a substance evaluation, she failed to disclose she had
tested positive for methamphetamine in July 2014. She also denied any
substance abuse problem. Based on this information, the evaluator did not
recommend further treatment and the mother’s only follow-up was joining an
online support group. The mother tested positive for methamphetamine in June
and July of 2015. As a result, visitation reverted back to fully supervised. The
mother denied any drug usage and contended her patches were contaminated
by the DHS.
The juvenile court held a termination hearing in October 2015. The court
issued a detailed and well-analyzed order on February 12, 2016, terminating the
rights of both parents under section 232.116(1)(f) and (l). The parents separately
appeal.
II. Standard of Review
We review termination proceedings de novo. In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212,
219 (Iowa 2016). “‘We are not bound by the juvenile court’s findings of fact, but
we do give them weight, especially in assessing the credibility of witnesses.’” Id.
(quoting In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010)). Clear and convincing
evidence must support the termination. Id. Evidence is clear and convincing
when we have no serious or substantial doubts as to the correctness of
conclusions of law drawn from it. Id.
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III. Analysis
Statutory Grounds. Both parents argue the State failed to prove the
grounds for termination by clear and convincing evidence. “When the juvenile
court orders termination of parental rights on more than one statutory ground, we
need only find grounds to terminate on one of the sections to affirm.” In re T.S.,
868 N.W.2d 425, 435 (Iowa Ct. App. 2015). We conclude the State offered clear
and convincing evidence regarding both parents to satisfy section 232.116(1)(f).3
The father has been incarcerated for the majority of these proceedings
and is prohibited from contacting the children’s mother. His federal prison
sentence runs until 2018. His counsel acknowledged the children could not be
returned to his custody at the time of the hearing.
As for the mother, the juvenile court recognized she had “made some
efforts to deal with her substance abuse and has had limited periods of sobriety.”
The court also asked the most pertinent question: “[W]hether this issue has been
adequately addressed so that the children may be safely returned home.” The
juvenile court found the children could not be safely placed with their mother.
We agree.
The court opined the mother had never been honest with the court and
“more importantly honest with herself about her substance abuse issues.” The
3
Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f) provides the juvenile court may terminate the rights of
a parent to a child if:
(1) [t]he child is four years of age or older, (2) [t]he child has been
adjudicated a CINA pursuant to section 232.96, (3) [t]he child has been
removed from the physical custody of the child’s parents for at least
twelve of the last eighteen months, or for the last twelve consecutive
months and any trial period at home has been less than thirty days, and
(4) [t]here is clear and convincing evidence that at the present time the
child cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided
in section 232.102.
6
mother acknowledged using methamphetamine in February 2014 when the
children were removed. But she claims her three additional positive drug tests
are incorrect and challenges the sweat patches as unreliable. As the juvenile
court quipped: “No one person has that bad of luck. It is just not possible that
every single one of those tests is incorrect.”
Given her dishonesty, the court was not prepared to trust the mother’s
promise that she could stay sober and stable. Our courts have recognized the
hazards of leaving children in the care of methamphetamine users. See State v.
Petithory, 702 N.W.2d 854, 859 (Iowa 2005). The fact the mother has not
accepted her substance abuse problem heightens our concern. See In re A.B.,
815 N.W.2d at 776 (explaining “an unresolved, severe, and chronic drug
addiction can render a parent unfit to raise children”).
The mother has had significant time to address her substance abuse
issues, yet has failed to do so. The guardian ad litem best summed up the
mother’s situation in closing argument: “If you look at all of this as a whole, she’s
demonstrated it’s a revolving door for her. She uses. She recovers for a time.
She uses again.” We agree with the juvenile court’s assessment that the mother
is not any closer “to being able to actively and safely parent these children than
she was when the children were removed from her custody in February 2014.”
Best Interests and Factors Weighing Against Termination. Both
parents argue termination is not in the children’s best interests. The father cites
section 232.116(2) and (3) and quotes case law interpreting those sections, but
the father does not give specific reasons why preserving his parental rights would
7
be in the children’s best interest; nor does he identify factors weighing against
severing the parent-child relationships.
The mother argues she and the children have a close bond and “the
children would be devastated if termination was ordered.” See Iowa Code
§ 232.116(3)(c). She also claims the children could have been placed with the
grandmother again. See id. § 232.116(3)(a).
In determining the best interests of the children, we give primary
consideration to the children’s safety, to the best placement for furthering their
long-term nurturing and growth, and to their physical, mental, and emotional
condition and needs. Id. § 232.116(2); see also In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 708.
We agree with the juvenile court’s conclusion that the children’s needs are best
served by moving toward adoption.
The record showed J.V., A.V., and L.V. performed well in school. A
therapist testified the children tried to do their best “because they thought that if
they did well that would be one less thing mom would have to worry about and
that it would make it easier for her.” The juvenile court described them as
“resilient and adaptable” and found they “have been able to deal with every
change and disappointment that has been thrown their way.”
While their resilience is commendable, these children should not have to
suffer continued disappointment waiting for their mother and father to achieve
sober and stable lives. See In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 41 (Iowa 2010)
(reiterating that courts will not deprive a child of permanency after the State has
proved a ground for termination under section 232.116(1) “by hoping someday a
parent will learn to be a parent and be able to provide a stable home for the
8
child”). Moreover, placement with their grandmother would not support stability
in the children’s lives. See In re R.S.R., No. 10-1858, 2011 WL 441680, at *4
(Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 9, 2011) (“Termination and adoption are the preferred
solution when a parent is unable to regain custody within the time frames of
chapter 232.”).
Finally, we do not find the closeness of the children’s relationship with
either parent outweighs their need for permanency. Due to his incarceration and
threats against the mother, the father has not developed a strong relationship
with the children. The mother clearly does have a bond with the children. But we
credit the opinion of the guardian ad litem, who acknowledged the children love
their mother “[b]ut the thought that they would be devastated that the Court
terminated parental rights, I don’t believe is correct.”
AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.