FILED
APRIL 4, 2019
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 35380-0-III
)
Respondent, )
)
v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
)
DAVID DAMON MCCONVILLE, )
)
Appellant. )
LAWRENCE-BERREY, C.J. — David D. McConville appeals after his convictions
for fourth degree assault and bail jumping. He argues the trial court erred when it found
that the State had not waived its right to use his custodial statements and when it denied
his motion to exclude those statements due to the State’s failure to timely disclose them.
He also requests that we remand for two reasons: first, to correct a scrivener’s error in the
judgment and sentence; and, second, to strike two court costs pursuant to State v.
Ramirez, 191 Wn.2d 732, 426 P.3d 714 (2018). We affirm Mr. McConville’s
convictions, but remand for the trial court to correct the scrivener’s error and to strike the
two court costs.
No. 35380-0-III
State v. McConville
FACTS
Background
Devin Delatorre, his mother, and his girlfriend lived with Steve Neal. The home
occupants used methamphetamine daily. In May 2016, David McConville visited the
home and gave Delatorre $40. Several days later, Mr. McConville went to Neal’s house
to confront Delatorre. The details of this confrontation were disputed at trial.
A couple days later, Mr. McConville was arrested and advised of his Miranda1
rights. The arresting deputy placed Mr. McConville in his patrol car and activated its
video camera and microphone. Mr. McConville said he barely knew Delatorre, that
Delatorre did not owe him money, and that he had been staying with a woman friend in
Goldendale at the time of the incident.
Procedure
On May 16, 2016, the State charged Mr. McConville with first degree burglary.
Mr. McConville later failed to show for a court hearing, and the State amended the charge
to add one count of bail jumping.
On June 20, 2016, the trial court held an omnibus hearing. The State filed a notice
of intent to offer Mr. McConville’s custodial statements and requested a CrR 3.5 hearing
1
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S. Ct. 1602, 16 L. Ed. 2d 694 (1966).
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State v. McConville
to determine their admissibility. Mr. McConville similarly requested a CrR 3.5 hearing.
The parties signed a joint stipulation to hold the hearing. Also during the omnibus
hearing, Mr. McConville requested a copy of the video of his arrest and transportation.
The State responded, “I’ll look into it.” Report of Proceedings (RP) at 6.
On July 18, 2016, at the next hearing, the State opened by saying, “There’s a 3.5
hearing that’s scheduled—stricken—We don’t . . . . So we’re just here for status.” RP at
9. It is not clear who struck the hearing or why it was struck.
On October 17, 2016, at another status hearing, the court questioned the parties
about a CrR 3.5 hearing. Mr. McConville’s new attorney stated he was unsure if the
State was asking for a CrR 3.5 hearing. The State responded, “I didn’t—I don’t believe
. . . . There was no—no custodial statements were made, your Honor.” RP at 16.
Trial
Trial began on May 3, 2017. The State presented its case and rested. The defense
called Mr. McConville to testify. Mr. McConville testified that he had gone to Neal’s
house on May 12 and that he had argued with Delatorre but did not assault him. Mr.
McConville further testified that Delatorre left the house, that he chased Delatorre, but
that he never came close to catching Delatorre.
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State v. McConville
Prior to cross-examination, the State requested a CrR 3.5 hearing to determine the
admissibility of Mr. McConville’s post-Miranda statements. The State wished to use
those inconsistent statements to impeach Mr. McConville’s trial testimony.
Mr. McConville objected to the mid-trial CrR 3.5 hearing. The trial court
nevertheless excused the jury and held a CrR 3.5 hearing.
CrR 3.5 Hearing
The State called the arresting deputy. He testified consistent with his report that
was provided to Mr. McConville in discovery. Mr. McConville cross-examined the
deputy and emphasized that his custodial statements were video recorded and that he had
not received the video. The trial court ruled that Mr. McConville’s custodial statements
were admissible. It found that the deputy had properly advised Mr. McConville of his
Miranda rights and that Mr. McConville made a knowing, voluntary, and intelligent
waiver of those rights.
After the hearing, the State said it did not know if it had provided the police video
to Mr. McConville and it would have to check its records. The trial court instructed the
State to check its records and, if it had not provided the video, to promptly provide it to
Mr. McConville. The court recessed early to give Mr. McConville a chance to review the
video.
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State v. McConville
The following day, Mr. McConville moved to dismiss the case. He asserted that
the State had not disclosed the police video until May 3, 2017, at 6:00 p.m. and argued
that this discovery violation warranted dismissal. Mr. McConville conceded the video
was consistent with his statements in the police report. Ultimately, the trial court denied
Mr. McConville’s motion to dismiss. The court noted it had recessed early the day before
so Mr. McConville could review the video and that the video corroborated statements
earlier produced by the State to Mr. McConville.
Next, Mr. McConville argued that the State had waived its right to use his
statements by not having a pretrial CrR 3.5 hearing. The trial court disagreed and relied
on State v. Thompson, 73 Wn. App. 122, 867 P.2d 691 (1994). The trial court found that
the State did not expressly assert it was not going to use the statements nor had it
expressly waived its right to use those statements.
The trial court allowed Mr. McConville to reopen his direct and to remove the
sting of his inconsistent statements by explaining to the jury why he had lied to the
deputy. Mr. McConville testified that he had lied to the deputy about not being at Neal’s
house because he did not want to be arrested for a drug offense. The State cross-
examined Mr. McConville and minimally questioned him on the already explained
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State v. McConville
inconsistent statements. The State did not offer the police video into evidence. The
parties rested and gave closing arguments.
Verdict and Sentencing
The jury found Mr. McConville guilty of bail jumping. It also found Mr.
McConville not guilty of first degree burglary, but it did find Mr. McConville guilty of
the lesser offense of fourth degree assault.
At sentencing, the trial court imposed 84 months on the bail jumping conviction
and 364 days on the fourth degree assault conviction. The court ordered concurrent
sentences on both convictions. However, paragraph 4.1(a) of the judgment and sentence
omitted the total months of confinement. In addition, the trial court imposed a $200
criminal filing fee and a $100 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) collection fee.
Mr. McConville appealed.
ANALYSIS
A. THE STATE DID NOT WAIVE ITS RIGHT TO USE MR. MCCONVILLE’S
CUSTODIAL STATEMENTS
Mr. McConville argues the trial court erred when it found that the State did not
waive its right to use his custodial statements. We disagree.
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CrR 4.5 provides that the State may be held to have waived its right to certain
issues at trial in two ways. First, the State’s failure to apprise the other party of an issue
at the omnibus hearing may result in waiver. CrR 4.5(d). Second, if the State
affirmatively stipulates that it will, at trial, seek to introduce or decline to introduce,
evidence or issues, the State generally will be bound by its stipulation. CrR 4.5(g).
A “stipulation” is defined as “[a] voluntary agreement between opposing parties
concerning some relevant point.” BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1641 (10th ed. 2014).
Both parties rely on Thompson, 73 Wn. App. 122, as precedent.
State v. Thompson
In Thompson, Hilary Irving Thompson reportedly assaulted a transit bus driver. Id.
at 124. The day after the incident, Officer Eric Zappey saw a person he thought was
Thompson. Id. He asked for the person’s name and identification. Id. After learning the
person was Thompson, Officer Zappey said, “‘I need to talk to you about what happened
on the bus yesterday.’” Id. Thompson responded, “‘I don’t need to talk to you, I wasn’t
on the bus.’” Id. The officer then arrested Thompson. Id.
The State charged Thompson with third degree assault. Id. At the omnibus
hearing, the elected prosecuting attorney stated, “‘[W]e’re not offering any statements of
the accused. There is no interrogation of the defendant, so we don’t need a [CrR] 3.5
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Hearing.’” Id. at 125 (alterations in original). The defendant’s attorney informed the
trial court about the defendant’s initial statement to the arresting officer, but the
prosecuting attorney reiterated, “‘I am not going to offer those, Your Honor.’” Id. The
defendant then withdrew his request for a CrR 3.5 hearing. Id.
During a pretrial conference, a deputy prosecuting attorney walked back her boss’s
earlier comments. Id. She said she did not intend to offer Thompson’s statement to
Officer Zappey, but if Thompson testified, “‘that might change.’” Id.
At trial, Thompson testified and admitted he was on the bus. Id. During cross-
examination, the State attempted to impeach Thompson by using the inconsistent
statement. Id. The trial court conducted a midtrial CrR 3.5 hearing and found the
statements were not custodial and were, therefore, admissible. Id.
On appeal, Division Two of the Court of Appeals held that the State had not
waived its right to use Thompson’s statement. Id. at 126. The Thompson court focused
its analysis on whether there was a waiver by stipulation. Id. at 127. It reasoned:
While the statement of the [elected] prosecuting attorney might be viewed
as being ambiguous as to whether the State was waiving its right to use
Thompson’s statement for impeachment purposes, any ambiguity was
clarified when, at a pretrial conference, the deputy prosecuting attorney said
that the State reserved the right to bring Thompson’s statement out if
Thompson elected to take the stand.
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State v. McConville
Id. The Thompson court concluded that “there was no express assertion, at the omnibus
hearing or at any other time, that the State would not try to introduce Thompson’s
statement to Officer Zappey for impeachment purposes if Thompson took the stand and
gave testimony inconsistent with the statement he made to Zappey.” Id. Division Two
emphasized that the clarification occurred sufficiently before trial that Thompson had an
opportunity to request that his statement be excluded. Id.
Application of State v. Thompson
Mr. McConville argues that Thompson is distinguishable because the State made
no clarification or reservation that it intended to use his statements if he testified.
Although Thompson is distinguishable on this point, Mr. McConville has failed to
convince us that the State stipulated that it would not use his statements.
Here, the State never assured Mr. McConville that it would not use his custodial
statements. More particularly, the State made no stipulation. Instead, at the final status
hearing, the deputy prosecutor said he did not believe Mr. McConville made any custodial
statements. The deputy prosecutor’s statement was factually incorrect, and Mr.
McConville knew this. Mr. McConville knew from the police report that there were
custodial statements, what those statements were, and that those statements were video
recorded. He had even requested a CrR 3.5 hearing and for the State to produce the video
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State v. McConville
recording. Mr. McConville could have corrected the deputy prosecutor and requested a
CrR 3.5 hearing. Instead, Mr. McConville remained silent and opted not to pursue his
earlier filed CrR 3.5 motion.
B. WE GENERALLY WILL NOT REVIEW A CLAIM OF ERROR FIRST RAISED ON
APPEAL
Mr. McConville argues the trial court erred by not suppressing the police video.
We decline to review this claim of error.
An appellate court generally will refuse to review a claim of error first raised on
appeal. RAP 2.5(a). Mr. McConville did not ask the trial court to suppress the police
video. Instead, he asked the trial court to dismiss the State’s case. We nevertheless note
that the police video was not admitted at trial.
C. REMAND TO CORRECT SCRIVENER’S ERROR
Mr. McConville requests that we remand with directions for the trial court to
complete paragraph 4.1(a) of the judgment and sentence to reflect that total confinement
is 84 months. The State responds that Department of Corrections can easily determine
that total confinement is 84 months by examining the judgment and sentence.
We generally agree with the State. We would not remand for the trial court to
complete paragraph 4.1(a) of the judgment and sentence but for the fact that remand is
required to strike two legal financial obligations (LFOs).
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D. REMAND TO STRIKE CRIMINAL FILING FEE COST AND DNA COLLECTION FEE
Citing State v. Ramirez, Mr. McConville asks that we direct the trial court to strike
two LFOs—the DNA collection fee and the criminal filing fee.
Criminal Filing Fee
House Bill 1783, which became effective June 7, 2018, prohibits trial courts from
imposing discretionary LFOs on defendants who are indigent at the time of sentencing.
LAWS OF 2018, ch. 269, § 6(3); Ramirez, 191 Wn.2d at 746. This change to the criminal
filing fee statute is now codified in RCW 36.18.020(2)(h). As held in Ramirez, these
changes to the criminal filing fee statute apply prospectively to cases pending on direct
appeal prior to June 7, 2018. Ramirez, 191 Wn.2d at 747. Accordingly, the change in
law applies to Mr. McConville’s case. Because Mr. McConville is indigent, the criminal
file fee must be struck pursuant to Ramirez.
DNA Collection Fee
The change in law also prohibits imposition of the DNA collection fee when the
State has previously collected the offender’s DNA as a result of a prior conviction. LAWS
OF 2018, ch. 269, § 18.
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The uncontested record establishes this fact. Mr. McConville has five Washington
State felonies since 1990. Since that time, Washington law has required defendants with
a felony conviction to provide a DNA sample. LAWS OF 1989, ch. 350, § 4; RCW
43.43.754. Given the uncontested record, we presume that a DNA sample has been
collected from Mr. McConville prior to the current judgment and sentence. We therefore
direct the trial court to also strike the DNA collection fee.
E. STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL GROUNDS FOR REVIEW (SAG)
In his SAG, Mr. McConville argues his second attorney was improperly fired by
the trial court for saying Mr. McConville could not get a fair trial. Mr. McConville also
argues the State conspired to put him in jail to protect Delatorre, a purported police
informant.
Mr. McConville’s claims rest on purported facts outside the record. When claims
depend on evidence outside the record, those claims are properly raised through a
personal restraint petition. State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 335, 899 P.2d 1251
(1995).
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No. 35380-0-111
State v. McConville
Affirmed but remanded.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Lawrence-Berrey, C.J. •
I CONCUR:
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No. 35380-0-III
FEARING, J. (concurring) - I concur in the majority's decision on the basis that
David McConville sought dismissal of the charge of first degree burglary rather than
suppression of the video and the State never played the video to the jury.