MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any May 10 2019, 8:56 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Valerie D. Johnson Ryan M. Spahr
Weeden Law, LLC Spahr Law Office, LLC
Indianapolis, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Dereka L. Morris, May 10, 2019
Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Case No.
18A-JP-2184
v. Appeal from the Marion Circuit
Court
Jermaine T. Moore, The Honorable Sheryl L. Lynch,
Appellee-Respondent. Judge
The Honorable Marie L. Kern,
Magistrate
Trial Court Cause No.
49C01-0809-JP-44247
Mathias, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JP-2184 | May 10, 2019 Page 1 of 9
[1] Dereka Morris (“Mother”) appeals the denial of her Notice of Intent to
Relocate from the Marion Circuit Court on the sole basis that Jermaine Moore
(“Father”) failed to object within sixty days of receiving the Notice.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] On November 17, 2008, Mother and Father established paternity of their minor
child. On July 6, 2017, Mother, acting pro se, filed a Notice of Intent to
Relocate.1 She requested to relocate herself and the child to Florida. On
September 5, 2017, Mother filed a Motion to Modify Parenting Time. The next
day, on September 6, 2017, Father filed a “Verified Objection to Petitioner’s
Relocation with the Minor Child.” Appellant’s App. pp. 43–44. On October 12,
2017, Mother filed a Motion to Dismiss Father’s objection, arguing that Father
did not respond within the sixty-day time frame outlined in Indiana Code
section 31-17-2.2-5, and because he missed the deadline, she was free to relocate
to Florida with the child. On November 7, 2017, the trial court entered an order
that the child could not be relocated pending final hearing and order, that the
parties go to mediation, and set a final hearing for January 9, 2018. This
January hearing was continued, and on May 2, 2018, Father filed a petition
requesting modification of custody should Mother relocate to Florida. The
1
Mother had twice previously filed a Notice of Intent to Relocate, initially on March 29, 2014 and on March
31, 2015, both of which indicated an intention to relocate to Florida. Father objected to both of these
previous notices.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JP-2184 | May 10, 2019 Page 2 of 9
court heard all pending issues on that same day. Mother maintained throughout
the proceedings that she would not move to Florida unless she was granted
permission to take child with her. Mother, Father, and child resided in Indiana
throughout the proceedings. On August 10, 2018, the trial court issued a final
order regarding Mother’s Notice of Intent to Relocate and Father’s objection
and petition to modify custody should Mother relocate, denying Mother’s
request to relocate. Mother now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
[4] Upon review of a trial court’s determination of a visitation issue, we grant
latitude and deference to our trial courts, reversing only when the trial court
manifestly abuses its discretion. Kirk v. Kirk, 770 N.E.2d 304, 307 (Ind. 2002);
Lasater v. Lasater, 809 N.E.2d 380, 400 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). No abuse of
discretion occurs if there is a rational basis in the record supporting the trial
court's determination. Lasater, 809 N.E.2d at 400. We will neither reweigh
evidence nor judge the credibility of witnesses. Id. “We will not substitute our
own judgment if any evidence or legitimate inferences support the trial court’s
judgment.” Baxendale v. Raich, 878 N.E.2d 1252, 1257–58 (Ind. 2008).
[5] “Indiana has long recognized that the rights of parents to visit their children is a
precious privilege that should be enjoyed by noncustodial parents.” Duncan v.
Duncan, 843 N.E.2d 966, 969 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. Indiana Code
chapter 31-17-2.2 provides the statutory framework for parents wishing to
relocate. Certain relocating individuals are required to file a notice of intent to
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JP-2184 | May 10, 2019 Page 3 of 9
move and provide certain information “not later than ninety (90) days before
the date that the relocating individual intends to move.” Ind. Code § 31-17-2.2-
3. Indiana Code section 31-17-2.2-5, provides, in relevant part,
(a) Not later than sixty (60) days after receipt of the notice from
the relocating individual under IC 31-14-13-10 or this chapter, a
nonrelocating parent may file a motion seeking a temporary or
permanent order to prevent the relocation of a child.
***
(e) If the nonrelocating parent fails to file a motion under
subsection (a), the relocating individual who has custody of the
child may relocate to the new residence.
[6] A custodial parent’s move out of state, by itself, is not sufficient to support a
change in custody. Hanks v. Arnold, 674 N.E.2d 1005, 1007 (Ind. Ct. App.
1996). However, an inconvenience to the non-custodial parent caused by the
custodial parent’s relocation out of state “does not in itself warrant child
custody modification.” Id. at 1008.
[7] Mother relies heavily on Jarrell v. Jarrell for her contention that she is allowed to
relocate to Florida with the child because Father missed the deadline to file his
objection to her proposed relocation. 5 N.E.3d 1186, 1192 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014),
trans. denied. In Jarrell, Mother moved 180 miles and a three-hour drive away
from Father only six months after dissolution was entered. However, Mother
and Father maintained the custody arrangement, alternating custody of the
minor child on a weekly basis, meeting in a city halfway between their
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JP-2184 | May 10, 2019 Page 4 of 9
residences. Almost two years after Mother moved, Father filed a petition with
the trial court requesting modification of the custody order, arguing that
because the minor child was set to begin kindergarten in August of 2013, the
weekly custody arrangement would no longer be feasible. Father also argued
that Mother had failed to provide the Notice of Intent to Relocate prior to
moving. The trial court held a hearing and conducted an in-camera interview of
the minor child. At the conclusion, the trial court maintained joint legal custody
but granted sole physical custody to Mother. On appeal, a panel of our court
noted that both parties “failed to comply with the requirements of the
Relocation Statute: Mother should have provided notice, and Father should
have timely objected.” Id. at 1193. However, Father acquiesced to Mother’s
relocation for two years, and during these two years, it was inevitable that the
minor child would need to start kindergarten. “The fact that the custody
arrangement would become infeasible did not arise unexpectedly.” Id. This
court determined that, because Father acquiesced to Mother’s relocation, the
trial court did not commit error. Id.
[8] Here, Mother filed her Notice of Intent to Relocate on July 6, 2017. Appellant’s
App. pp. 35–38. The Certificate of Service states that a copy of this Notice was
mailed to Father on July 5, 2017. Id. at 38. Mother argues on appeal that
Father was served with a copy of the Notice on July 7, 2017. In support of this
argument, Mother cites to her Motion to Dismiss which states that Father
“received and signed for via certified mail a copy of the notice of intent to
relocate” on July 7, 2017. Id.at 46. In spite of this assertion, the record before us
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JP-2184 | May 10, 2019 Page 5 of 9
does not contain a certified receipt showing when Father received the Notice.
Nor does the record contain any testimony or other evidence supporting
Mother’s assertion in her Motion to Dismiss that Father received the Notice on
July 7, 2017. Father filed his objection to the proposed relocation on September
6, 2017. The trial court determined that “Father’s objection to relocation was
filed 2 days past the 60-day requirement, but no objection to the untimely filing
was raised.”2 Id. at 21.
[9] In the instant matter, Father’s two-day delay in responding to Mother’s Notice
of Intention to Relocate is a far cry from two years of acquiescing to relocation,
even where the Mother in Jarrell did not file a Notice of Intent to Relocate prior
to moving. Further, given the facts of this matter, we are unable to see any
prejudice to Mother by such a slight delay in Father’s objection. The two days
of which Mother complains on appeal did not interfere with her ability to have
the court determine the issue on the merits, nor did it cause any significant
delay in the trial court’s decision. While we might reach a different conclusion
on different facts, we do not find error with the trial court’s decision on the facts
before us. It is also important to view this issue in the context of the
constitutional rights concerning parenting.
2
Indiana Trial Rule 6(E) provides that “[w]henever a party has the right or is required to do some act or take
some proceedings within a prescribed period after the service of a notice or other paper upon him and the
notice or paper is served upon him by United States mail, three [3] days shall be added to the prescribed
period.” It is possible that Father’s objection was not untimely filed. However, because this was not raised
below, and because we determine that the slight delay does not form a basis for reversal, we do not address
this in detail.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JP-2184 | May 10, 2019 Page 6 of 9
Conclusion
[10] Because we determine that Father’s two-day delay in filing an objection to
Mother’s Notice of Intent to Relocate does not form an adequate basis for
reversal under the facts before us, we affirm the trial court’s decision.
[11] Affirmed.
Brown, J., concurs in result with opinion.
May, J., concurs.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JP-2184 | May 10, 2019 Page 7 of 9
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Dereka L. Morris, Court of Appeals Case No.
18A-JP-2184
Appellant-Petitioner,
v.
Jermaine T. Moore,
Appellee-Respondent.
Brown, Judge, concurring in result.
[12] I concur in result but write separately because I believe that Father’s objection
was timely. The trial court found that his September 6, 2017 objection was filed
two days past the sixty-day requirement. However, Indiana Trial Rule 6(E)
provides:
Whenever a party has the right or is required to do some act or
take some proceedings within a prescribed period after the service
of a notice or other paper upon him and the notice or paper is
served upon him by United States mail, three [3] days shall be
added to the prescribed period.
[13] Here, the copy of Mother’s notice of intent to relocate included in the
appellant’s appendix states, under a heading for Certificate of Service, that a
copy of the notice was mailed to him on July 5, 2017. Pursuant to Ind. Trial
Rule 6(E), three days should be added to the applicable prescribed period, and
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JP-2184 | May 10, 2019 Page 8 of 9
his objection was not untimely. I agree that the timing of his objection does not
form an adequate basis for reversal and thus concur in result.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JP-2184 | May 10, 2019 Page 9 of 9