IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Highway Materials, Inc., :
:
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 1267 C.D. 2018
: Submitted: January 25, 2019
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, :
Department of Transportation, :
:
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE WOJCIK FILED: August 22, 2019
Highway Materials, Inc. (HMI) petitions for review of a determination
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation (Department)
that HMI’s bid protest was untimely. HMI argues that the Department erred in
denying its bid protest as untimely when HMI filed its protest within seven days of
when it knew or should have known that it was an aggrieved bidder. Further, HMI
maintains that it was the lowest responsive and responsible bidder and complied with
all statutory and regulatory requirements for a timely submission of a Public Works
Verification Form (Form). Alternatively, HMI argues that the Department abused its
discretion by failing to exercise its discretion to waive an immaterial post-bid
irregularity. Upon review, we affirm.
Background
On May 19, 2018, the Department solicited bids for its Electronic
Construction Management System Project No. 111063 High Friction Surface Project
(Project) at various state routes throughout Engineering District 6-0. The
Department opened the bids on June 21, 2018. Section 107.31(c) of the Contract
Specifications for the Project, as set forth in the Department’s Publication 408
(2016),1 required the apparent low bidder for the Project to submit a Form within
seven days after the bid opening, which meant that the Form was due on June 28,
2018. HMI was the apparent low bidder on the Project. However, on July 3, 2018,
the Department rejected HMI’s bid for failure to timely submit the Form in
accordance with Section 107.31(c) of the Contract Specifications.
On July 9, 2018, HMI filed a protest regarding the rejection of its bid
based on its failure to comply with Section 107.31 of the Contract Specifications.
Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 30a. HMI argued Section 107.31 of the Contract
Specifications is unenforceable because the imposition of a seven-day deadline to
submit the Form alters the mandates of the Public Works Employment Verification
Act (Act)2 and attendant regulations, 4 Pa. Code §§66.1-66.9. HMI asserted that it
submitted the Form in full compliance with the Act and the regulations on July 5,
2018, prior to the award of the contract. Alternatively, HMI argued that any failure
to submit the Form in accordance with Section 107.31 of the Contract Specifications
should be considered a non-material bid defect, which the Department may waive.
1
Publication 408 is available on the Department’s portal at:
http://www.dot.state.pa.us/public/PubsForms/Publications/Pub_408/408_2016/408_2016_IE/408
_2016_IE.pdf (last visited July 29, 2019).
2
Act of July 5, 2012, P.L. 1086, 43 P.S. §§167.1-167.11.
2
The Department’s contracting officer initially reviewed the protest and
recommended that the Secretary of the Department or his designee disregard the bid
protest as untimely filed or deny the bid protest in its entirety on the basis that HMI
did not comply with the Contract Specifications.
The Executive Deputy Secretary of the Department (Deputy Secretary)
then reviewed the protest and the contracting officer’s recommendation and agreed
that HMI’s protest was untimely. Deputy Secretary reasoned that HMI knew or
should have known of the facts giving rise to its protest when the Department
published the Contract Specifications on May 19, 2018, or, at the very latest, by June
21, 2018, when the Department sent HMI an email requesting that it submit the Form
within seven days of the bid opening. However, HMI did not file a bid protest with
the Department until July 9, 2018, well beyond the seven-day period within which
to file protests. See Section 1711.1(b) of the Commonwealth Procurement Code
(Procurement Code), 62 Pa. C.S. §1711.1(b) (providing “the protest shall be filed
with the head of the purchasing agency within seven days after the aggrieved bidder
or offeror or prospective contractor knew or should have known of the facts giving
rise to the protest”). Thus, Deputy Secretary determined the bid protest was untimely
and that HMI waived the right to file a protest.
Moreover, even if the bid protest could be considered timely filed, the
Deputy Secretary determined that HMI’s protest lacked merit because HMI did not
“strictly comply with the requirements and criteria in the solicitation,” which
required the Form to be submitted within seven days of the bid opening.
Department’s Determination, 9/4/18, at 5. Having failed to comply with the bid
specifications, HMI’s bid was not responsive. Accordingly, the Deputy Secretary
3
denied HMI’s protest. From this decision, HMI filed a timely petition for review in
this Court.3, 4
Issues
HMI argues that the Department erred by denying its bid protest as
untimely. HMI filed its protest within seven days of when it knew it was an aggrieved
bidder when the Department rejected its bid. Further, HMI contends the Department
erred by denying its bid protest where HMI was the lowest responsive and responsible
bidder and complied with all statutory and regulatory requirements for a timely
submission of a Form. Alternatively, HMI asserts that the Department abused its
discretion by refusing to waive an immaterial post-bid irregularity in the public’s best
interest.
3
HMI also filed an amended application for stay and expedited review. By order dated
October 25, 2018, this Court denied the amended application insofar as it requested a stay, but
granted the request for expedited review.
4
As this Court has explained:
The Procurement Code sets forth the scope and standard of review
in an appeal from a determination denying a bid protest. Section
1711.1(i) provides, “The court shall hear the appeal, without a jury,
on the record of determination certified by the purchasing agency.
The court shall affirm the determination of the purchasing agency
unless it finds from the record that the determination is arbitrary and
capricious, an abuse of discretion or is contrary to law.” 62 Pa. C.S.
§ 1711.1(i).
MSG Group, Inc. v. Department of Public Welfare, 902 A.2d 613, 616 n.9 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2006).
4
Discussion
First, HMI maintains that the Department erred by rejecting its bid
protest as untimely. According to HMI, it had no basis to know of its grounds for
protest until July 3, 2018, when the Department rejected its bid. HMI maintains that
the July 3, 2018 notice of rejection was the first notice HMI had that its bid was
being rejected for failure to comply with the “Public Works Employment
Verification Requirements.”
A bidder or prospective bidder “that is aggrieved in connection with the
solicitation or award of a contract, . . . may protest to the head of the purchasing
agency in writing.” Section 1711.1(a) of the Procurement Code, 62 Pa. C.S.
§1711.1(a). Such protests must be filed within “seven days” after the aggrieved
bidder or prospective bidder “knew or should have known of the facts giving rise to
the protest.” 62 Pa. C.S. §1711.1(b). “Untimely filed protests shall be disregarded
by the purchasing agency.” Id.
HMI claims it was not aggrieved until the Department rejected its bid
on July 3, 2018 and it did not know, and could not have known, of the facts giving
rise to its protest until that time. However, this Court squarely rejected this same
argument in Cummins v. Department of Transportation, 877 A.2d 550, 553
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2005). We opined:
On appeal, Cummins contends that his protest was timely
because it was filed within seven days of when he learned
that his bid had been rejected. This argument is without
merit. Cummins’ protest was based upon the assertion that
two project items were assigned the wrong classification
codes, and had the item been properly classified, Cummins
would have met the prequalification requirements. Thus,
the salient facts giving rise to his protest were the codes
assigned to the two work items and the codes for which
Cummins has been prequalified, and the relevant inquiry
5
is when Cummins knew or should have known these facts.
As noted above, the description of each work item and its
corresponding code was included in the proposal for bids
published in early September 2004, and Cummins does not
claim that he was unaware of the classifications in which
he is prequalified.
877 A.2d at 553. Similarly, in Collinson, Inc. v. Department of Transportation, 959
A.2d 480, 484 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008), we held that the seven-day period for a contractor
to file a bid protest challenging the prequalification classification codes as detailed
in the bid specifications began when the project was advertised, not when
contractor’s bid was rejected for failing to have the proper codes.
As in Cummins and Collinson, HMI’s protest was premised on its
objections to the bid requirements. Specifically, HMI claimed that the Contract
Specifications’ seven-day requirement to submit the Form was unenforceable
because it altered the mandates of the Act and regulations. See R.R. at 5a-6a. The
salient facts giving rise to HMI’s protest were available to HMI at the time the
solicitation for bids was published on May 19, 2018. Section 107.31 of the Contract
Specifications clearly provided that the Form must be submitted within seven days
of the bid opening. Moreover, on June 21, 2018, the date of the bid opening, the
Department sent HMI an email stating that HMI had “been selected as the apparent
low bidder for the Project” and reminding HMI that “[a] [Form] submission is
required by 3:00 PM within [seven] days after the bid opening, or your bid will be
rejected.” R.R. at 17a (emphasis added).
HMI was on notice of the bid requirements as of May 19, 2018, or at
the latest, June 21, 2018. However, HMI did not file its protest with the Department
until July 9, 2018, which is more than seven days from the date HMI knew or should
have known of the salient facts forming the basis for its protest. Thus, HMI’s protest
6
is untimely. See Collinson; Cummins; see also CenturyLink Public
Communications, Inc. v. Department of Corrections, 109 A.3d 820, 829 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2015) (offeror did not timely protest a threshold bid requirement at the time
that it submitted its proposal thereby waiving any claim of error in this regard). The
Department did not err in rejecting the protest as untimely.
Even if we were to conclude that HMI’s protest was timely filed on the
basis that HMI filed its protest within seven days of the Department’s rejection of
its bid, HMI would still not prevail on the merits because: (1) Section 107.31 of the
Contract Specifications did not impermissibly alter the mandates of the Act or the
regulations; and (2) having failed to comply with Section 107.31, HMI’s bid was not
responsive.
First, Section 107.31(a) and (b) of the Contract Specifications requires
contractors, in accordance with the Act, to use the federal government’s E-Verify
system to ensure that all employees performing work on the Project are authorized
to work in the United States and to use the Form to verify the employment eligibility
of employees. Section 107.31(a) and (b) of the Contract Specifications. Subsection
(c) then directs the contractor to email or fax the Form “by 3:00 P.M. prevailing local
time within 7 calendar days after the bid opening.” Section 107.31(c) of the Contract
Specifications. “When the seventh (7th) calendar day after the bid opening falls on
a day that the Department offices are closed, submit the Form by 3:00 P.M.
prevailing local time on the next business day.” Id. Section 107.31(c) clearly warns
“[f]ailure or refusal to provide the Form will be considered a refusal to comply with
bidding requirements, will result in the rejection of the bid, and may subject the
contractor to the enforcement activities, sanctions and civil penalties specified in the
Act.” Id.
7
Contrary to HMI’s assertions, Section 107.31 of the Contract
Specifications does not alter the mandates of either the Act or the regulations. The
Act and regulations provide that “[a]s a precondition of being awarded a contract for
a public work . . . a public works contractor shall provide the public body with a
verification form.” Section 4 of the Act, 43 P.S. §167.4(a); accord 4 Pa. Code
§66.5(a). These provisions establish the submission of the Form as a precondition
of the award of the contract, but they do not establish a time for the submission of
the Form. Section 107.31 does not alter or otherwise violate the Act or regulations,
but merely prescribes the time within which the Form must be filed as part of the
Contract Specifications.
Second, Section 512(g) of the Procurement Code requires public
bidding contracts to be awarded to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder.
62 Pa. C.S. §512(g). A “responsive bid . . . conforms in all material respects to the
requirements and criteria in the invitation for bids.” Section 103 of the Procurement
Code, 62 Pa. C.S. §103. A “responsible bidder” is “[a] bidder that has submitted a
responsive bid and that possesses the capability to fully perform the contract
requirements in all respects and the integrity and reliability to assure good faith
performance.” Id.
“In making a determination as to the lowest responsible bidder, each
bid must be carefully examined to ascertain its responsiveness to the requirements
of the [invitation for bid].” Cardiac Science, Inc. v. Department of General Services,
808 A.2d 1029, 1033 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002). “[T]he statutory requirements for
competitive bidding, and the ordinances enacted thereunder, do not exist solely to
secure work or supplies at the lowest possible price, but also have the “‘purpose of
inviting competition, to guard against favoritism, improvidence, extravagance, fraud
8
and corruption in the awarding of municipal contracts . . . and are enacted . . . not
for the benefits or enrichment of bidders . . . .’” Conduit and Foundation Corp. v.
City of Philadelphia, 401 A.2d 376, 379 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1979) (quoting Yohe v. Lower
Burrell, 208 A.2d 847, 850 (Pa. 1965)). Consequently, “[v]ariances from
instructions and specifications in public works bidding are to be discouraged and, at
a minimum, implicate the government’s discretionary authority to reject a non-
compliant bid.” Cardiac Science, 808 A.2d at 1033 (internal quotation and citation
omitted).
Notwithstanding, a bid defect may be waived in limited circumstances.
Gaeta v. Ridley School District, 788 A.2d 363, 367 (Pa. 2002). In Gaeta, the
Supreme Court fashioned a two-part test for determining whether a bid defect could
be waived. Id. Specifically,
a bid irregularity may only be clarified or disregarded as a
waivable defect if the effect of a waiver of that term: (1)
would not deprive the bid solicitor of an adequate
assurance that the contract would be performed according
to its specified requirements and (2) would not advantage
the bidder over the other bidders.
Cardiac Science, 808 A.2d at 1034 (citing Gaeta, 788 A.2d at 367-68). While a
government entity may waive a bid defect, it may not do so if the defect involves the
waiver of a mandatory requirement that the bid documents treat as nonwaivable. Id.
at 1033. “Where specifications set forth in a bidding document are mandatory, they
must be strictly followed for the bid to be valid, and a violation of those mandatory
bidding instructions constitutes a legally disqualifying error for which a public agent
may reject a bid.” Glasgow, Inc. v. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,
851 A.2d 1014, 1017 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004). Courts will not review the action of
governmental bodies or administrative tribunals involving acts of discretion in the
9
absence of bad faith, fraud, capricious action, or abuse of power. Cardiac Science,
808 A.2d at 1033.
Here, although HMI provided the Form, it did not do so within the time
constraints specified by the bid instructions. By failing to comply with all the bid
requirements, HMI’s bid was not responsive. As for HMI’s argument that the
Department may waive this bid defect, the Department may only waive non-
mandatory requirements. Glasgow, 851 A.2d at 1017; Cardiac Science, 808 A.2d
at 1034. The Contract Specifications make it clear that the failure to provide the
Form “will be considered a refusal to comply with bidding requirements, will result
in the rejection of the bid, and may subject the contractor to the enforcement
activities, sanctions and civil penalties specified in the Act.” Section 107.31(c) of
the Contract Specifications. When read within the context, the seven-day deadline
in which to submit the Form is mandatory and non-waivable. The Department does
not have authority to waive material defects. See Glasgow, 851 A.2d at 1017;
Cardiac Science, 808 A.2d at 1034. Alternatively, even if the defect was non-
material, the Department was under no obligation to waive it. See Cardiac Science,
808 A.2d at 1033. The Department did not abuse its discretion by refusing to
exercise it. See id.
Accordingly, we affirm.
MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
Judge Fizzano Cannon did not participate in the decision of this case.
10
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Highway Materials, Inc., :
:
HMI :
:
v. : No. 1267 C.D. 2018
:
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, :
Department of Transportation, :
:
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 22nd day of August, 2019, the order of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation, dated September 4,
2018, is AFFIRMED.
__________________________________
MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge