NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited . R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-0507-17T4
HSBC BANK USA, NA AS
TRUSTEE FOR THE BENEFIT
OF BCAP LLC TRUST 2007-AA5,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
SIMON ZAROUR,
Defendant-Appellant,
and
MRS. SIMON ZAROUR, his wife,
LYNX ASSET, and FRANKS GMC
TRUCK CENTER,
Defendants.
_______________________________
Submitted September 12, 2019 – Decided September 23, 2019
Before Judges Nugent and Suter.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Chancery Division, Bergen County, Docket No. F-
003569-15.
Simon Zarour, appellant pro se.
Sandelands Eyet LLP, attorneys for respondent
(Suzanne Q. Chamberlin, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendant Simon Zarour appeals an August 18, 2017 order that denied his
motion to vacate a final judgment of foreclosure, cancel the sheriff's sale, and
dismiss the complaint. He claims the note and mortgage were void, the
assignment of the mortgage to plaintiff was invalid, and the complaint was filed
beyond the applicable statute of limitations. We affirm the trial court's order
that applied a twenty-year statute of limitations and rejected defendant's claim
the mortgage documents were invalid.
On May 21, 2007, defendant executed a $675,000 promissory note in
favor of Franklin First Financial, LTD (Franklin First). As security for payment
of the note, defendant executed a mortgage to Mortgage Electronic Registration
Systems, Inc. (MERS) as nominee for Franklin First on a property located in
Fair Lawn. Defendant defaulted on the loan in August 2008, and has not made
payments since then.
In December 2008, MERS, as nominee for Franklin First, assigned the
mortgage to plaintiff HSBC Bank U.S.A., N.A., as trustee for the benefit of
BCAP, LLC trust 2007-AA5, and plaintiff recorded it shortly after. County
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2
records show there was an assignment from Bank of America to Nationstar
Mortgage LLC in 2013.
After a Notice of Intention to Foreclose was sent to defendant, who did
not cure the default, plaintiff filed a foreclosure complaint on January 29, 2015.
Defendant's contesting answer and counterclaim were stricken on September 24,
2015, when the trial court granted summary judgment to plaintiff. The court
found plaintiff had standing to foreclose because it "provide[d] a copy of the
[n]ote endorsed in blank, giving rise to a presumption of possession of the
[n]ote" and that either possession of the note or the assignment was sufficient
for plaintiff to have standing to foreclose. The trial court found that defendant
did "not deny the terms of the [n]ote." It rejected defendant's argument the
complaint was barred by a six-year statute of limitations, finding instead that a
twenty-year limitation applied under N.J.S.A. 2A:50-56.1(c). The court held
that plaintiff established its right to foreclose. The matter then was returned to
the Office of Foreclosure as uncontested. 1
Defendant's motion for reconsideration was denied on March 17, 2017.
The trial court again rejected defendant's statute of limitations argument.
1
When plaintiff filed a motion for entry of a final judgment, defendant objected
to the amount due. This objection was resolved against defendant by the trial
court.
A-0507-17T4
3
Relying on the plain language of N.J.S.A. 2A:50-56.1(c), the court concluded
plaintiff had until August 1, 2028, to file for foreclosure because this was twenty
years after the default on August 1, 2008. The final judgment of foreclosure
was entered thereafter on April 4, 2017, in the amount $1,227,233.55.
Defendant filed a motion to vacate the final judgment, cancel the sheriff's
sale, and dismiss the complaint. In denying this motion on August 18, 2017, the
trial court relied on the orders from September 24, 2015, and March 17, 2017,
that upheld the validity of the note, mortgage and assignment, and that applied
the twenty-year statute of limitations.
On appeal, defendant argues the trial court erred and abused its discretion
by denying his motion to vacate the final judgment. He contends the court erred
by concluding the statute of limitations had not run against plaintiff's
enforcement claims on the note and mortgage.
A decision to vacate a judgment or order lies within the sound discretion
of the trial court, guided by principles of equity. Hous. Auth. of Morristown v.
Little, 135 N.J. 274, 283 (1994). We will reverse the trial court's decision on a
motion to vacate where there is an abuse of discretion. Ibid. An "abuse of
discretion only arises on demonstration of 'manifest error or injustice.'" Hisenaj
v. Kuehner, 194 N.J. 6, 20 (2008) (quoting State v. Torres, 183 N.J. 554, 572
A-0507-17T4
4
(2005)). It occurs when the "'decision [was] made without a rational
explanation, inexplicably departed from established policies, or rested on an
impermissible basis.'" United States ex rel. U.S. Dep't of Agric. v. Scurry, 193
N.J. 492, 504 (2008) (alteration in original) (quoting Flagg v. Essex Cty.
Prosecutor, 171 N.J. 561, 571 (2002)). However, our review of a trial court's
legal determinations is plenary. D'Agostino v. Maldonado, 216 N.J. 168, 182-
83 (2013) (citing Manalapan Realty, L.P. v. Twp. Comm. of Manalapan, 140
N.J. 366, 378 (1995)).
Whether a cause of action is barred by a statute of limitations is a legal
question subject to our de novo review. See Estate of Hainthaler v. Zurich
Commercial Ins., 387 N.J. Super. 318, 325 (App. Div. 2006) (citations omitted).
In Deutsche Bank Tr. Co. v. Weiner, we recently held the twenty-year statute of
limitations under N.J.S.A. 2A:50-56.1(c) 2 applied when a mortgagor has
defaulted, and the default has not been cured. 456 N.J. Super. 546, 548-49 (App.
Div. 2018). In that foreclosure case, the defendants argued the six-year statute
of limitations under N.J.S.A. 2A:50-56.1(a) "was triggered . . . when their
default triggered the loan's acceleration." Id. at 548. We disagreed with that
2
This section was amended effective April 29, 2019, to provide a six-year
statute of limitations. L. 2019, c. 67 § 1.
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interpretation, holding that section (c) "specifically provide[d] a time frame to
be considered upon an uncured default." Id. at 549.
Defendant is wrong that N.J.S.A. 12A:3-118(a) barred plaintiff's
complaint. Under that statute, "an action to enforce the obligation of a party to
pay a note payable at a definite time must be commenced within six years after
the due date or dates stated in the note or, if a due date is accelerated, within six
years after the accelerated due date." N.J.S.A. 12A:3-118(a). In this case,
plaintiff was not enforcing the note; it was foreclosing on the mortgage, making
N.J.S.A. 12A:3-118 inapplicable.
Defendant cites to a letter dated June 18, 2007, addressed to him from
Franklin First to support his argument the May 21, 2007 mortgage documents
were void. The letter stated: "during a recent post-closing audit it was
determined that you signed and [sic] incorrect note and rider to the mortgage."
The letter instructed he should sign certain enclosed documents and "send back
in enclosed . . . envelop[e]."
We are satisfied the trial court was correct not to void the foreclosure
judgment on the basis of this scant record. Defendant did not provide copies of
the referenced documents nor did he claim he signed another note or mortgage.
The letter listed two properties, including the Fair Lawn property. Defendant
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6
continued to make payments on the May 21, 2007 note and mortgage until he
defaulted in August 2008. All of this indicated the only note and mortgage was
from May 2007.
The purported assignment in 2013 from Bank of America to Nationstar
was plainly in error because there was no assignment into Bank of America and
thus, it had no ability to assign the mortgage out to Nationstar.
Defendant's remaining arguments are without sufficient merit to warrant
discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
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