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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.D., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
:
:
APPEAL OF: M.D., MOTHER :
:
:
:
: No. 2350 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Order Entered July 17, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): 51-FN-001411-2017,
CP-51-DP-0001507-2017
IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.N.D., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
:
:
APPEAL OF: M.D., MOTHER :
:
:
:
: No. 2353 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Decree July 17, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): 51-FN-001411-2017,
CP-51-AP-0000488-2019
BEFORE: BOWES, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 13, 2020
M.D. (“Mother”) appeals from the decree entered on July 17, 2019, that
granted the petition filed by Philadelphia Department of Human Services
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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(“DHS”) to involuntarily terminate her parental rights to her son, Z.D. a/k/a
Z.N.D. (“Z.D.”).1 We affirm.2
The trial court summarized the procedural and factual history as follows:
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as
follows: [Z.D. was born in December 2016, and] has been in care
continuously since June 6, 2017[, when DHS obtained an order of
protective custody because the child lacked appropriate care and
Mother could not be located]. On October 10, 2017, [Z.D.] was
adjudicated dependent and committed to DHS because [Z.D.] “is
without proper care or control, subsistence, education as required
by law, or other care or control necessary for his physical, mental,
or emotional health, or morals.” [DHS filed the goal change and
termination of parental rights petitions on July 2, 2019.] At a
[combined goal change/termination] hearing held by this [c]ourt
on July [1]7, 2019,[3] Jacob Kittel, the case manager[,] Turning
Points for Children, testified that DHS first became aware of [Z.D.]
and his family when a report was called in where [Z.D.] had not
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1 By separate decrees entered the same date, the trial court involuntarily
terminated the parental rights of any unknown father and putative father. No
unknown father or putative father has filed an appeal or is a party to the
instant appeals.
2 Mother also appealed the contemporaneous juvenile court order changing
Z.D.’s permanent placement goal from reunification to adoption. On
September 30, 2019, we consolidated the appeals sua sponte. However, since
Mother neglected to oppose the goal change in the statement of questions
involved section of her brief or present any argument related to the goal
change in her brief, that claim is waived. See In re W.H., 25 A.3d 330, 339
n.3 (Pa.Super. 2011) (“[W]here an appellate brief fails to provide any
discussion of a claim with citation to relevant authority or fails to develop the
issue in any other meaningful fashion capable of review, that claim is
waived.”). Hence, we affirm the goal change order without further discussion.
3 Mother attended the hearing and was represented by counsel. Then two-
and-one-half-year-old Z.D. was represented by a guardian ad litem and a child
advocate. In addition to Mr. Kittel, DHS presented H.O., foster mother
(“Foster Mother”), as well as Exhibits DHS 1 through 3. The child advocate
presented the testimony of Roya Paller, a forensic social worker, whose report
was admitted as Exhibit C-1. Mother did not present any evidence.
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been seen by a doctor “from 17 days old to four months old.” It
was also reported that [Z.D.] was born positive for marijuana.
Based on those concerns, Mr. Kittel further testified that his
agency established case plan objectives that remained constant
throughout the life of the case. Mother’s single case plan
[(“SCP”)] objectives throughout the life of the case were as
follows: (1) attend CEU (“Clinical Evaluation Unit”) for a dual
diagnosis: (2) attend three random drug screen[s] prior to
hearings; (3) attend supervised visitation at the agency; (4)
attend ARC (“Achieving Reunification Center”) for employment,
housing, and parenting; (5) attend NET West after she completed
the dual diagnosis. In regards to Mother’s compliance with her
[o]bjectives, Mr. Kittel testified that Mother was non-compliant
with her goals. Mother “did not attend a random screen until . . .
April”.
Mother was also offered supervised visits with [Z.D. during
2017] at the agency but Mother hadn’t been consistently visiting.
Mother’s last visit with [Z.D.] was on 1/23/19. Mr. Kittel testified
that there ha[d] been 51 documented visitations offered
throughout the life of the case and that “since 2017, [Mother] has
missed a total of 27 of those 51 visits.” Mr. Kittel further testified
that there doesn’t seem to be evidence of a bond between Mother
and [Z.D.].
With respect to [Z.D.], Mr. Kittel testified that [Z.D.] refers
to the foster [p]arent [-a preadoptive resource-] as Mom and that
[Z.D.] is bonded with the foster parent. Mr. Kittel also testified
that [Z.D.] “has all the love and care” in the foster home, that “all
his needs are being met,[”] [and that he] has [“]built . . . a
relationship with his foster mother as well as his foster brother
. . . and . . . seems to [just] be [doing] extremely well” in that
home. Mr. Kittel further testified that he believes that it would be
in the best interest of [Z.D.] that Mother’s right[s] be terminated.
Based on the foregoing testimony, this [c]ourt issued a[n
order] changing the permanent plan goal for [Z.D.] to adoption,
and [a decree] involuntarily terminating Mother’s parental rights
under 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ [2511(a)(1)], (2), (5), and (8), and finding,
in accordance with 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b), that such termination
best serves the developmental, physical, and emotional needs and
welfare of [Z.D.].
Trial Court Opinion, 10/8/19, at 1-3 (citations to record omitted).
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Mother filed timely notices of appeal and concise statements of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b). She
raises the following issues for our review:
1. Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental rights
of [M]other pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(a)(1) without clear
and convincing evidence of [M]other’s intent to relinquish her
parental claim or refusal to perform her parental duties.
2. Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental rights
of [M]other pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(a)(2) without clear
and convincing evidence of [M]other’s present incapacity to
perform parental duties.
3. Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental rights
of [M]other pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(a)(5) without clear
and convincing evidence to prove that reasonable efforts were
made by [DHS] to provide [M]other with additional services and
that the conditions that led to placement of [Z.D.] continue to
exist.
4. Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental rights
of [M]other pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(a)(8) without clear
and convincing evidence that the conditions that led to placement
of [Z.D.] continue to exist when [M]other presented evidence of
compliance with the goals and objectives of her family service
plan.
5. Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental rights
of [M]other pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(b) without clear
and convincing evidence that there is no parental bond between
[M]other and [Z.D.] and that termination would serve the best
interest of [Z.D.].
Mother’s brief at 7.
In matters involving involuntary termination of parental rights, our
standard of review is as follows:
The standard of review in termination of parental rights cases
requires appellate courts “to accept the findings of fact and
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credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported
by the record.” In re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817, 826 (Pa.
2012). “If the factual findings are supported, appellate courts
review to determine if the trial court made an error of law or
abused its discretion.” Id. “[A] decision may be reversed for an
abuse of discretion only upon demonstration of manifest
unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will.” Id. The
trial court’s decision, however, should not be reversed merely
because the record would support a different result. Id. at 827.
We have previously emphasized our deference to trial courts that
often have first-hand observations of the parties spanning
multiple hearings. See In re R.J.T., [9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa.
2010)].
In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013). As we previously stated, “The
trial court is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented and is
likewise free to make all credibility determinations and resolve conflicts in the
evidence.” In re M.G. & J.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa.Super. 2004) (citation
omitted). Thus, “if competent evidence supports the trial court’s findings, we
will affirm even if the record could also support the opposite result.” In re
Adoption of T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387, 394 (Pa.Super. 2003) (citation omitted).
The termination of parental rights is governed by § 2511 of the Adoption
Act, 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2101-2938, and requires a bifurcated analysis of the
grounds for termination followed by the needs and welfare of the child.
Our case law has made clear that under [§] 2511, the court must
engage in a bifurcated process prior to terminating parental rights.
Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing evidence
that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory grounds for
termination delineated in [§] 2511(a). Only if the court
determines that the parent’s conduct warrants termination of his
or her parental rights does the court engage in the second part of
the analysis pursuant to [§] 2511(b): determination of the needs
and welfare of the child under the standard of best interests of the
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child. One major aspect of the needs and welfare analysis
concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond between
parent and child, with close attention paid to the effect on the child
of permanently severing any such bond.
In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa.Super. 2007) (citations omitted). We have
defined clear and convincing evidence as that which is so “clear, direct,
weighty and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear
conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” In re
C.S., 761 A.2d 1197, 1201 (Pa.Super. 2000) (en banc) (quoting Matter of
Adoption of Charles E.D.M., II, 708 A.2d 88, 91 (Pa. 1998)).
In the case sub judice, the trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights
pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). In order to affirm
a termination of parental rights, we need only agree with the trial court as to
any one subsection of § 2511(a), as well as § 2511(b). See In re B.L.W.,
843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa.Super. 2004) (en banc). Here, we analyze the court’s
termination decree pursuant to § 2511(a)(2) and (b), which provide as
follows:
(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a
child may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the
following grounds:
....
(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,
neglect or refusal of the parent has caused the child
to be without essential parental care, control or
subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-
being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity,
abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will not be
remedied by the parent.
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....
(b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the
rights of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare
of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated
solely on the basis of environmental factors such as
inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and
medical care if found to be beyond the control of the parent.
With respect to any petition filed pursuant to subsection
(a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any efforts by
the parent to remedy the conditions described therein which
are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the
filing of the petition.
23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(2), and (b).
With regard to termination of parental rights pursuant to § 2511(a)(2),
we have indicated,
In order to terminate parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 2511(a)(2), the following three elements must be met: (1)
repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal; (2)
such incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal has caused the child to
be without essential parental care, control or subsistence
necessary for his physical or mental well-being; and (3) the
causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will
not be remedied.
In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1272 (Pa.Super. 2003) (citation
omitted). “The grounds for termination due to parental incapacity that cannot
be remedied are not limited to affirmative misconduct. To the contrary, those
grounds may include acts of refusal as well as incapacity to perform parental
duties.” In re Adoption of C.D.R., 111 A.3d 1212, 1216 (Pa.Super. 2015)
(quoting In re A.L.D., 797 A.2d 326, 337 (Pa.Super. 2002)). Hence,
“[p]arents are required to make diligent efforts towards the reasonably
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prompt assumption of full parental responsibilities . . . [, and] . . . [a] parent’s
vow to cooperate, after a long period of uncooperativeness regarding the
necessity or availability of services, may properly be rejected as untimely or
disingenuous.” In re A.L.D., supra at 340 (internal quotation marks and
citations omitted).
In concluding that DHS presented clear and convincing grounds to
terminate Mother’s parental rights pursuant to § 2511(a)(2), the trial court
stated as follows:
Applying [M.E.P.] and the elements set forth under [§]
2511(a)(2) to the instant case, it is clear that DHS met their
burden of demonstrating that termination was proper. The
evidence established that “incapacity” and “refusal” under [§]
2511(a)(2) existed given that Mother failed to demonstrate a
concrete desire or ability to care for [Z.D.]
Mother failed to cooperate with her goals throughout the life
of the case, including parenting classes and visitation. Parenting
classes are important given that [Z.D.] was adjudicated
dependent based on the fact that [Z.D.] was “without proper care
or control”. Mother also failed to establish any stability in her life
with regard to housing. Moreover, the evidence established that
“neglect” existed given that Mother had missed most of the visits
with her [c]hild. This [c]ourt found that [M]other’s failure to
comply with her goals and consistently visit [Z.D.] has left [Z.D.]
without essential parental care, and the cause of such neglect,
refusal and continued incapacity will not be remedied by Mother.
Based on the foregoing, this [c]ourt found that competent
evidence existed to justify the termination of Mother’s parental
rights pursuant to [§ 2511(a)(2)].
Trial Court Opinion, 10/8/19, at 7 (citations omitted).
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Mother argues that she has remedied the conditions that caused Z.D. to
be placed in DHS’s care and has the present capacity to parent her son.
Mother’s brief at 12. She asserts,
Mother, M.D., has documented a present capacity to care
for her child. Mother has successfully engaged in the drug and
alcohol program at NET W[est]. Mother has documented her
continued sobriety by consistently provid[ing] negative drug
screens at CEU and NET West. Mother completed the housing at
ARC and has secured appropriate housing. Mother has completed
the employment program at ARC and is gainfully employed.
Mother has completed the parenting program at ARC, and most
importantly, she is actively parenting [Z.D.]’s brother after
reunification with him. No evidence was offered at the termination
of parental rights hearing to indicate that [M]other lacks the
present capacity to care for [Z.D.] Rather, [M]other has resolved
the issues that contributed to the adjudication of [Z.D.] and his
brother and has established her present capacity to parent both
of her children.
There are no grounds to terminate [M]other’s parental
rights under [§ 2511(a)(2)] because there is no clear and
convincing evidence of present incapacity and all conditions that
contributed to her previous incapacity have been remedied.
Id.
As we outline infra, the certified record supports the trial court’s
determination that statutory grounds for termination exist under
§ 2511(a)(2). Stated plainly, contrary to Mother’s assertions, Mother failed
to complete the objectives of the single case plan.
As the trial court highlighted in the Rule 1925 opinion, Mr. Kittel testified
that Mother’s objectives included attending CEU for a dual diagnosis and
submitting random drug screens prior to hearings. After completing dual
diagnosis, she was required to attend NET West, supervised visitation, and
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ARC for counseling in employment, housing, and parenting. N.T., 7/17/19, at
9. Mr. Kittel confirmed that Mother’s compliance with these objectives
declined from “moderately compliant” on February 13, 2018, to “minimal[ly]”
compliant on December 4, 2018, and “no compliance” on March 13, 2019. Id.
at 20-21.
Mother initially failed to complete the CEU dual diagnosis assessment
during October 2017. However, following a subsequent order she eventually
completed the assessment in April of 2018. Mother tested positive for
cannabis during January, April, and September 2018. See DHS Exhibit 3. Her
court-ordered participation with NET West followed a similar path. While she
ultimately completed the intake for NET West on April 4, 2019, and attended
intensive outpatient since that date, she was previously discharged from the
program in 2018 for lack of attendance, and she failed to attend multiple
random drug screens. N.T., 7/17/19, at 10-11, 13-14, 18-19. Specifically,
Mr. Kittel reported Mother’s failure to submit twenty-eight random drug
screens between August 28, 2018 and April 1, 2019. Id. at 15-16. Moreover,
in February 2019, Mother gave birth to a second child who tested positive for
marijuana. Id. at 16-17.
With regard to ARC, Mr. Kittel related that Mother failed to satisfy the
requirements of the ARC program. She did not complete parenting classes,
and she lacked appropriate housing for Z.D. Mr. Kittle explained that Mother
“resides in a home in which she has one bedroom where [she] and her . . .
newest-born baby . . . reside.” Id. at 9. The bedroom had space only for
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Mother’s bed and a crib. Id. at 32-22. Moreover, as it relates to the
employment component, despite holding different jobs as a cook since Z.D.’s
placement, Mother was unemployed when the hearing occurred. Id. at 9-10.
Lastly, as to visitation, Mr. Kittel explained that Mother was to have
weekly supervised visitation with Z.D. at the agency. Id. at 19. He testified
that, of the fifty-one total visits offered since 2017, Mother attended twenty-
seven. Id. at 19-20. Her last visit with Z.D. was on January 23, 2019,
approximately five months before DHS filed its petition to terminate her
parental rights. Id. at 19. Eventually, Mother was removed from the
visitation schedule because she had missed three consecutive visits.
The foregoing evidence belies Mother’s claim of compliance with the
court-ordered services and substantiates the trial court’s conclusion that
Mother’s repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect, or refusal has
caused Z.D. to be without essential parental control or subsistence necessary
for her physical and mental well-being, and Mother cannot or will not remedy
this situation. See In re Adoption of M.E.P., supra at 1272. Accordingly,
we do not disturb it.
We next determine whether the court erred in concluding that
terminating Mother’s parental rights served Z.D.’s needs and welfare pursuant
to § 2511(b). As to § 2511(b), our Supreme Court stated as follows:
[I]f the grounds for termination under subsection (a) are met, a
court “shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child.” 23 Pa.C.S.
§ 2511(b). The emotional needs and welfare of the child have
been properly interpreted to include “[i]ntangibles such as love,
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comfort, security, and stability.” In re K.M., 53 A.3d 781, 791
(Pa.Super. 2012). In In re E.M., [620 A.2d 481, 485 (Pa. 1993)],
this Court held that the determination of the child’s “needs and
welfare” requires consideration of the emotional bonds between
the parent and child. The “utmost attention” should be paid to
discerning the effect on the child of permanently severing the
parental bond. In re K.M., 53 A.3d at 791. However, as
discussed below, evaluation of a child’s bonds is not always an
easy task.
In re T.S.M., supra at 267. “In cases where there is no evidence of any bond
between the parent and child, it is reasonable to infer that no bond exists.
The extent of any bond analysis, therefore, necessarily depends on the
circumstances of the particular case.” In re K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 762-63
(Pa.Super. 2008) (citation omitted).
When evaluating a parental bond, “[T]he court is not required to use
expert testimony. Social workers and caseworkers can offer evaluations as
well. Additionally, § 2511(b) does not require a formal bonding evaluation.”
In re Z.P., supra at 1121 (internal citations omitted).
In finding that the termination of Mother’s parental rights served Z.D.’s
developmental, emotional, and physical needs and welfare pursuant to
§ 2511(b), the trial court reasoned as follows:
In the instant matter, this [c]ourt determined that [Z.D.]
would not suffer irreparable emotional harm if Mother’s parental
rights were terminated. There was compelling testimony that
[Z.D.] is not bonded with Mother. Mother failed to offer any
evidence establishing the existence of a parent-child bond. The
testimony demonstrated that [Z.D.]’s primary bond is with [his
pre-adoptive] foster parent and that the foster parent assist[s]
[Z.D.] with [his] daily needs. Additionally, in determining that
termination would best serve the needs and welfare of [Z.D.], this
[c]ourt considered that Mother had not been able to meet [Z.D.]’s
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emotional, physical, and developmental needs, or provide [Z.D.]
with a healthy, safe environment for almost two years.
Furthermore, this [c]ourt found Mother’s numerous missed visits
creates a situation where she is unable to foster a meaningful and
healthy parental connection.
Trial Court Opinion, 10/8/19, at 10 (citations to record omitted).
Mother argues that termination of her parental rights is not in Z.D.’s
best interest since she and Z.D. have a “strong emotional bond,” and because
termination would sever any relationship between Z.D. and his sibling.
Mother’s brief at 14. Mother asserts,
Mother and her child have a strong emotional bond. Mother
was [Z.D.]’s exclusive caregiver during the first 6 month[s] of
[Z.D.]’s life. Mother breastfed [Z.D.], fed him, bathed him and
nursed him back to health when he was ill. An indisputable and
unbreakable bond between mother and child was formed during
this formative period that was crucial to [Z.D.]’s development and
well-being. Mother visited with her child after adjudication despite
CUA’s failure to offer assistance with transportation. Mother only
missed an average of 9 visits a year, often overcoming
tremendous obstacles to attend visits. Additionally, termination
of [M]other’s parental rights has destroyed the bond between
[Z.D.] and [his sibling]. No evidence was presented at the
termination of parental rights hearing to establish that destroying
this fraternal bond would be in the best interest of the child.
There are no legal grounds to terminate [M]other’s parental
rights under [§ 2511(b)] because there was no clear and
convincing evidence offered at trial to establish that termination
would serve the best interest of [Z.D.]. Mother has established
that a strong emotional bond exists between her and her child,
and that she can provide for [Z.D.]’s needs. Termination of
[M]other’s parental rights would not best serve the
developmental, physical and emotional needs of [Z.D.]. Mother
has a strong emotional bond with her child, and termination of
[M]other’s parental rights would severely and irreparably harm
[Z.D.] emotionally.
Id.
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Again, we discern no abuse of discretion. Critically, Z.D. has been
placed in his pre-adoptive resource home since June 2017, when he was five
months old.4 N.T., 7/17/19, at 8, 25, 39-40. Z.D. is thriving in that
environment, and he bonded with his Foster Mother, whom he calls mom, as
well as his foster brother. Id. at 22, 24-26, 40, 47. Mr. Kittel stated,
[Z.D.] has been residing in this . . . home since June of
2017. For the majority of his life that he’s been there, he’s only
known this home as his. He has all the love and care that he gets
in the home. He’s up to date with medical and dental. All his
needs are being met in this home. He attends child -- daycare.
He’s built a relationship with his foster mother as well as his foster
brother and seems to just be doing extremely well in this home.
Id. at 26. Further, when asked to describe how Z.D. and his four-year-old
foster brother, [P.], get along, Mr. Kittel indicated, “Very, very well. . . . [Z.D.]
follows [P.] around all the time.” Id. at 24. Moreover, Mr. Kittel testified that
there is no bond between Z.D. and Mother, who had not visited in
approximately five months at the time of the hearing. Id. at 22. While he
observed a positive interaction between Mother and Z.D. in late fall/early
winter 2018, but there is no evidence that the connection that Mother felt
toward her son was reciprocal. Id. at 35-36. Accordingly, he opined that it
would be in Z.D.’s best interest to terminate Mother’s parental rights. Id. at
23. He expressed that, while Z.D. would experience harm if separated from
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4 We observe that the witnesses appear to incorrectly indicate that Z.D. had
been in care since he was four months old. As Z.D. has been in care since
June 6, 2017, he would have been in care since he was just over five months
old.
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Foster Mother, he would not suffer any harm if Mother’s parental rights were
terminated. Id. at 22-23.
Roya Paller, Z.D.’s forensic social worker, confirmed Mr. Kittel’s position
that Z.D. does not know Mother. Id. at 49. She further testified,
[Z.D.] has been in the home since he was four months old.
So, truthfully, it is really the only home he’s known. And because
bond at that age is so important, the maintaining of the visits
would seal the bond. And[,] because the visits have not been
consistent, his bonding has been to his foster mother.
Id. at 47. Ms. Paller similarly recognized that Z.D. would experience harm if
removed from his current foster home. She stated, “[T]he thing is that he’s
so bonded because this is just a functioning family home that the severing of
that bond would cause undue trauma[.] . . . It would be removing a child
from what child perceives as mother, brother, and home for no apparent
reason.” Id. at 47. She ultimately opined, “I think it would be [an]
unnecessary traumatic event to remove [Z.D.] from a very stable, loving
home because it’s all he knows.” Id. at 49.
Thus, notwithstanding Mother’s protestations to the contrary, there is
no evidence of “[a]n indisputable and unbreakable bond” between her and
Z.D., that was formed during the first five months of the child’s life. Mother’s
brief at 14. Likewise, the record is bereft of evidence that would demonstrate
a bond between Z.D. and his sibling in Mother’s care. To the contrary, the
certified record supports the trial court’s finding that Z.D.’s developmental,
physical and emotional needs and welfare favor terminating Mother’s parental
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rights pursuant to § 2511(b) so that he can be adopted by Foster Mother. See
T.S.M., supra at 267.
While Mother may profess to love Z.D., a parent’s own feelings of love
and affection for a child, alone, will not preclude termination of parental rights.
In re Z.P., supra at 1121. At the time of the hearing, Z.D. had been in
placement for approximately two years, almost his entire life, and he is
entitled to permanency and stability. As this Court previously stated, a child’s
life “simply cannot be put on hold in the hope that [a parent] will summon the
ability to handle the responsibilities of parenting.” Id. at 1125. Rather, “a
parent’s basic constitutional right to the custody and rearing of his child is
converted, upon the failure to fulfill his or her parental duties, to the child’s
right to have proper parenting and fulfillment of his or her potential in a
permanent, healthy, safe environment.” In re B., N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 856
(Pa.Super. 2004) (citation omitted).
Accordingly, based upon our review of the record, we find no abuse of
discretion and conclude that the trial court appropriately terminated Mother’s
parental rights under 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(2) and (b), and changed Z.D.’s
permanent placement goal to adoption.
Decree affirmed. Order affirmed.
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J-S01001-20
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/13/20
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