In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
Filed: June 11, 2020
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
MICHAEL BRAUN, on behalf of * PUBLISHED
son H.B., a minor, *
* No. 17-1571V
Petitioner, *
v. * Special Master Nora Beth Dorsey
*
SECRETARY OF HEALTH * Attorneys’ Fees and Costs; Reasonable
AND HUMAN SERVICES, * Basis.
*
Respondent. *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Joseph P. Shannon, Shannon Law Group, PC, Woodbridge, IL, for petitioner.
Heather L. Pearlman, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.
DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1
On October 20, 2017, Michael Braun (“petitioner”), on behalf of his minor child, H.B.,
filed a petition under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (“Vaccine Act” or
“the Program”), 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-10 et seq. (2012).2 Petitioner alleged that H.B. developed
encephalopathy and resulting developmental delays following his receipt of the FluMist
influenza (“flu”) vaccine on October 22, 2014. Petition at 1. On January 25, 2019, the special
master assigned to this case at the time issued a decision determining petitioner was not entitled
to compensation and dismissing the petition. Decision dated Jan. 25, 2019 (ECF No. 30).
1
Because this Decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case, the
undersigned is required to post it on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website in
accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012) (Federal
Management and Promotion of Electronic Government Services). This means the Decision will
be available to anyone with access to the Internet. In accordance with Vaccine Rule 18(b),
petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to redact medical or other information, the disclosure
of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of privacy. If, upon review, the undersigned
agrees that the identified material fits within this definition, the undersigned will redact such
material from public access.
2
The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program is set forth in Part 2 of the National
Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755, codified as amended,
42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-10 to -34 (2012). All citations in this Decision to individual sections of the
Vaccine Act are to 42 U.S.C. § 300aa.
On February 22, 2019, petitioner filed a motion for review and a memorandum in
support. Petitioner’s Motion for Review, filed Feb. 22, 2019 (ECF No. 31). Respondent filed
his response to petitioner’s motion for review on March 22, 2019. Respondent’s Memorandum
in Response to Petitioner’s Motion for Review, filed Mar. 22, 2019 (ECF No. 34). On June 19,
2019, Judge Campbell-Smith denied petitioner’s motion for review. Opinion & Order (“Order”)
dated June 19, 2019 (ECF No. 35).
On December 20, 2019, petitioner filed a motion for leave to file his fee application out
of time, along with a motion for attorneys’ fees and costs.3 Petitioner’s Motion for Leave to File
a Petition for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs, filed Dec. 20, 2019 (ECF No. 41). Petitioner’s counsel
requested $11,405.00 in fees and $6,637.77 in costs, plus a $500 filing fee paid by petitioner, for
a total request of $18,542.77.4 Petitioner’s Motion for Fees and Costs (“Pet. Mot.”), filed Dec.
20, 2019, at ¶ 7 (ECF No. 41-1). Respondent filed a response on January 3, 2020, opposing
petitioner’s motion for fees and costs on the ground that the claim lacked a reasonable basis.
Respondent’s Response to Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs (“Resp. Response”), filed Jan.
3, 2020 (ECF No. 42). Respondent emphasized that the previous special master assigned to the
case found petitioner’s claim lacked reasonable basis. Id. at 8-9. In his reply dated February 3,
2020, petitioner maintained that his petition possessed reasonable basis. Pet. Reply in Support of
His Petition for Attorney’s Fees & Costs (“Pet. Reply”), filed Feb. 3, 2020 (ECF No. 44).
This matter is now ripe for adjudication. For the reasons discussed below, the
undersigned DENIES petitioner’s motion for attorneys’ fees and costs.
I. PARTIES’ CONTENTIONS5
A. Petitioner’s Contentions
Petitioner argues (1) the previous special master’s Decision did not apply the appropriate
standard for determining reasonable basis; (2) petitioner’s petition possessed reasonable basis;
3
Respondent “d[id] not object to granting petitioner’s motion for leave to file his motion for
attorneys’ fees and costs out of time.” Respondent’s Response to Motion for Attorneys’ Fees
and Costs (“Resp. Response”), filed Jan. 3, 2020, at 7 n.1 (ECF No. 42). On January 6, 2020, the
undersigned granted petitioner’s motion for leave. Order dated Jan. 6, 2020 (ECF No. 43).
4
Upon review of petitioner’s documentation in support of his attorneys’ fees and costs, the
undersigned determined the total amount of fees and costs requested differs from the amount
provided in petitioner’s motion. According to petitioner’s time entries, petitioner requests
$12,763.50 in attorneys’ fees. See Pet. Mot., Ex. A. As for costs, petitioner’s costs sheet shows
costs totaling $6,719.23. See Pet. Mot., Ex. C at 1. However, upon review of the receipts, some
receipts were either not provided or do not match the amount listed on the costs sheet summary.
After making the necessary deductions, the undersigned determines petitioner’s costs are
$6,573.72. Lastly, the undersigned notes the filing fee is $400.00, not $500.00 as requested in
petitioner’s motion.
5
A detailed factual summary and procedural history are provided in the special master’s
Decision and Judge Campbell-Smith’s Order, and will not be repeated here. See Decision at 2-5;
Order at 2-4.
2
and (3) petitioner is entitled to fees and costs for the work performed through the Decision. Pet.
Reply at 2-10.
First, petitioner contends the previous special master’s Decision did not apply the
appropriate standard for determining reasonable basis, and in fact applied a higher burden of
proof. Pet. Reply at 3-4. Petitioner explains that the special master, in concluding petitioner’s
claim lacked reasonable basis, applied the Althen6 prongs, “which demands a higher burden of
proof than the reasonable basis standard,” and “[w]hether a claim has a reasonable basis is a
determination separate and apart from whether the record establishes a preponderant link
between the vaccine and H.B.’s injury.” Id. Therefore, because “the special master conflat[ed]
the two standards and [did] not perform[] a full analysis of the [p]etition’s reasonable basis,”
petitioner argues the undersigned should not consider the Decision in her determination of
whether the petition had reasonable basis. Id. at 4.
Second, petitioner maintains his petition had reasonable basis because (a) the petition
contained sufficient medical and scientific support for petitioner’s claim; (b) petitioner had an
expert who was available to opine in his case; and (c) petitioner’s claim is common in the
Program. Pet. Reply at 4-9. In support of his claim that his petition included sufficient medical
and scientific support, petitioner cites to various records referencing the temporal relationship
and association between petitioner’s flu vaccine and his development of encephalopathic
symptoms. See id. at 5-6.
Petitioner next notes that his expert, Dr. Lawrence Steinman, opined that the petitioner
had reasonable basis before petitioner’s counsel took the case, and “his willingness to serve as
[p]etitioner’s expert and support a theory of causation is evidence of the [p]etition’s reasonable
basis.” Pet. Reply at 6. He contends that “[t]he mere fact of Dr. Steinman’s involvement []
should be enough for this court to find that [p]etitioner’s petition had a reasonable basis.” Id. at
7. Petitioner compares his case to Spahn v. Secretary of Health & Human Services,7 where
expert reports were required to show a link between the vaccine and injury, and argues that
“despite [p]etitioner’s treating doctors linking the injury and the vaccine, the special master
denied him the opportunity to file an expert report.” Id. at 8. In concluding that reasonable basis
existed at all times throughout litigation, petitioner asserts that claims such as his “are common
enough in the [P]rogram to have facial credibility” and cites to medical literature and past
decisions in the Program as support. Id. at 8-9.
Third, petitioner argues that he is entitled to fees and costs for work performed through
the Decision dismissing his case. Pet. Reply at 9. Because the previous special master directed
petitioner to file a brief showing why his claim should not be dismissed due to lack of reasonable
basis after the August 23, 2018 status conference, petitioner maintains he should be entitled to
fees and costs associated with the work performed pursuant to the special master’s order. Id. at
9-10. He argues that if the undersigned determines petitioner did not possess reasonable basis to
bring the motion for review, then the undersigned should find petitioner possessed reasonable
basis through the briefing ordered by the previous special master. Id. at 10.
6
Althen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 418 F.3d 1274, 1278 (Fed. Cir. 2005).
7
No. 09-386V, 2014 WL 12721080 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 11, 2014), mot. for rev. denied,
133 Fed. Cl. 588 (2017).
3
Petitioner concludes his petition had reasonable basis through his motion for review. Pet.
Reply at 10. In the alternative, he concludes he possessed reasonable basis through the briefing
ordered by the previous special master. Id.
B. Respondent’s Contentions
Respondent argues the evidence and the analyses from the Decision dismissing
petitioner’s case and the Order denying petitioner’s motion for review show petitioner’s claim
had no reasonable basis. Resp. Response at 8. Specifically, respondent points to a status
conference held on August 23, 2018 where the previous special master “impressed upon
[p]etitioner [his] strongly-held view that [the] claim likely faced reasonable basis problems given
its overall nature.” Id. (quoting Decision at 4). Particularly, respondent notes the fact the special
master found “the record did not support [petitioner’s] assertion that H.B. had experienced any
type of encephalopathic reaction to the FluMist vaccine he received, or that his developmental
regression was more than temporally related to any symptom alleged to be vaccine-induced.” Id.
(quoting Decision at 4). Respondent also notes that the special master’s Decision found “the
claim as alleged lack[ed] reasonable basis.” Id. at 9 (quoting Decision at 8).
Respondent next turns to Judge Campbell-Smith’s Order where she concluded that the
reasonable basis standard was not applied in the Decision, but even if it was, such error was
harmless. Resp. Response at 9 (citing Order at 7). Citing to Judge Campbell-Smith’s Order,
respondent argues the special master (1) wrote a “thorough evaluation of the record” in the
Decision, which “support[s] [his] unambiguous conclusion that there was no evidence of an
encephalopathic reaction close-in-time to the vaccination;” (2) “appropriately considered H.B.’s
long history of developmental issues;” and (3) “was within his discretion to conclude that an
expert report would not cure the deficiencies in the record, which in and of itself was fatal to
petitioner’s claim.” Id. (citing Order at 6-10). Respondent concludes that “petitioner has not
(and could not) establish that his claim was supported by reasonable basis.” Id.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Reasonable Basis
Under the Vaccine Act, a special master shall award reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs
for any petition that results in an award of compensation. § 15(e)(1). When compensation is not
awarded, the special master “may” award reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs “if the special
master or court determines that the petition was brought in good faith and there was a reasonable
basis for the claim for which the petition was brought.” Id. Here, respondent does not challenge
petitioner’s good faith; instead, respondent asserts that petitioner’s claim had no reasonable
basis.
“Special masters have broad discretion in awarding attorneys’ fees where no
compensation is awarded on the petition.” Silva v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 108 Fed.
Cl. 401, 405 (2012). In the interest of preserving this discretion, courts have declined to impose
“a reasonable basis test that turns solely on evidentiary standards.” Chuisano v. Sec’y of Health
& Human Servs., 116 Fed. Cl. 276, 287 (2014). Instead, it has been described simply as “an
objective inquiry unrelated to counsel’s conduct.” Simmons v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
875 F.3d 632, 636 (Fed. Cir. 2017). While incomplete medical records do not prohibit a finding
of reasonable basis, Chuisano, 116 Fed. Cl. at 288, the Vaccine Act contemplates “a simple
4
review of available medical records to satisfy the attorneys that the claim is feasible” prior to
filing. Silva, 108 Fed. Cl. at 405. However, “[a] claim can lose its reasonable basis as the case
progresses.” R.K. v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 760 F. App’x 1010, 1012 (Fed. Cir.
2019) (citing Perreira v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 33 F.3d 1375, 1376-77 (Fed. Cir.
1994)).
Here, the undersigned determines there was no objective evidence of encephalopathic
symptoms temporally associated with the vaccination to support a finding of reasonable basis.
As thoroughly explained in the special master’s Decision and Judge Campbell-Smith’s
Order, they found no medical record evidence to support petitioner’s contention that H.B.
experienced an acute encephalopathic reaction associated with his flu vaccine. The undersigned
has reviewed the medical records and concurs.
At eight-years old, H.B. received the flu vaccine at issue. H.B’s pre-vaccination history
was significant for developmental and speech delays beginning more than six years prior to
vaccination. At his eighteen-month well-visit, H.B. was diagnosed with a delay in speech
development. Similar diagnoses and observations were made at his two-, three-, and four-year
well-visits. At his four-year well-visit, H.B.’s doctor also noted sensory issues. At his five-year
well-visit, H.B. was assessed with a listening comprehension disability. At preschool, H.B.
exhibited language skills in the low range. At his six- and seven-year well-visits, H.B. was noted
to be participating in occupational and speech therapy. The records clearly show H.B. began
experiencing developmental problems at eighteen-months old—more than six years prior to
H.B.’s receipt of the vaccine at issue.
Petitioner maintains that an educational assessment dated over one month post-
vaccination and a comprehensive pediatric neurodevelopment evaluation dated four months post-
vaccination support a temporal relationship between the vaccine at issue and H.B.’s regression
and development of encephalopathic symptoms. However, none of the medical records from
that time period make any reference to H.B. having symptoms of or being diagnosed with
encephalopathy. H.B. received the flu vaccine at issue on October 22, 2014. Approximately two
months later, on December 15, 2014, H.B. saw a neurologist who diagnosed him with Attention-
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (“ADHD”). ADHD is not encephalopathy. Further, there was no
reference at that visit to H.B.’s vaccination. Pet. Exhibit (“Ex.”) 1 at 219-20. Moreover, on
January 28, 2015, H.B. visited his pediatrician who documented “[n]o obvious signs of
increasing . . . regression” and assessed H.B. with “[l]earning difficulties” and possible
“underlying development delay.” Id. at 302-03. The pediatrician did not note any findings that
were consistent with encephalopathy or diagnose H.B. with encephalopathy.
Petitioner further argues the comprehensive pediatric neurodevelopment evaluation
conducted in February 2018 discussed “the influenza infection . . . as a possible cause of [H.B.’s]
regression.” Pet. Reply at 5; see Pet. Ex. 1 at 1367. However, the comprehensive pediatric
neurodevelopment evaluation merely contains a note to rule out the flu infection—not the flu
vaccine—as a cause.
As further support, petitioner relies on a letter from Dr. Rosario Trifiletti, H.B.’s
neurologist, written on August 3, 2018—almost four years after the vaccination at issue. Pet. Ex.
3 at 1 (ECF No. 27-3). Dr. Trifiletti’s later-in-time letter states that he evaluated H.B. for an
“autoimmune encephalopathy [], which seemed to occur with sudden onset following an
5
influenza vaccine in early 2015.” Id. However, Dr. Trifiletti did not examine H.B. until April
2015 and he did not diagnose H.B. until over one-year post-vaccination, on November 20, 2015.
See Pet. Ex. 1 at 1153, 1159-61. Additionally, in three of Dr. Trifiletti’s previous letters written
on July 5, 2016, February 15, 2017, and July 1, 2017, Dr. Trifiletti writes H.B. “presented in
early 2015 with the sudden onset of rage and decline” and H.B. “continues to have signs [of]
autoimmune encephalopathy” but fails to mention any vaccination. Id. at 1145, 1180, 1210.
Based on a review of the contemporaneous medical records from birth to one year after
H.B.’s receipt of the flu vaccine, there is no objective evidence to support a reasonable
conclusion that H.B. sustained encephalopathy or any other vaccine-related injury.
Petitioner relies on petitioner’s affidavit to support a finding of a temporal relationship.
In his affidavit, petitioner averred that within days, he “noticed a deterioration in H.B.’s
neurological function, including a deterioration in his fine motor skills,” and within months, he
“observed H.B. experiencing hallucinations and exhibiting increasingly anxious behaviors.” Pet.
Ex. 1 at 1443. However, without contemporaneous medical records supporting petitioner’s
affidavit, the affidavit alone is insufficient. See, e.g., § 13(a)(1) (noting compensation cannot be
awarded “based on the claims of petitioner alone”); Murphy v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
30 Fed. Cl. 60, 61 (1993) (affirming the special master’s finding of no reasonable basis when the
medical records contradicted petitioner’s claims), aff’d, 48 F.3d 1236 (Fed. Cir. 1995); Mathis v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-570V, 2014 WL 7664951, at *14 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Dec. 23, 2014) (“[R]easonable basis . . . cannot be established if the medical records do not
support the claims made in the petition.”).
There is nothing in the medical records to support petitioner’s claim that a deterioration
in H.B. began within days, or even within months, of vaccination. In Chuisano, the Court found
no evidence supporting a causal connection and instead, petitioner relied solely on petitioner’s
affidavit, which the Court determined insufficient. Chuisano, 116 Fed. Cl. at 290.
In Hooker, the special master determined petitioners had no reasonable basis in part
because “medical records plainly contradict[ed] several of [p]etitioners’ key factual allegations
as to the timing or existence of symptoms.” Hooker v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 02-
472V, 2017 WL 3033940, at *17 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 11, 2017). Although petitioners
contended S.R.H.’s symptoms began after vaccination, the special master determined the
medical records showed S.R.H.’s symptoms first appeared prior to vaccination. Id.
Furthermore, representations from petitioners showed symptoms were present prior to
vaccination and were contradicted by the contemporaneous medical records. Id. at *18-20.
The special master in Hashi found no reasonable basis to pursue a claim that was strongly
contradicted by the medical records. Hashi v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-307V,
2016 WL 5092917, *10-11 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 25, 2016). The special master found that
“the divergence between the [p]etitioners’ factual assertions and the facts shown by the medical
records was especially great.” Id. at *11 (emphasis omitted).
Here, there is nothing in the medical records to support petitioner’s contentions.
Petitioner cannot use an affidavit of H.B.’s father, who is not a health care provider, to establish
reasonable basis when the medical records do not support a finding of encephalopathy. Like the
courts in Chuisano, Hooker, and Hashi, the undersigned finds petitioner’s allegations alone
insufficient.
6
Petitioner next argues Dr. Steinman’s willingness to serve as petitioner’s expert in this
case is evidence of the petition’s reasonable basis. However, a finding of reasonable basis
“requires more than the filing of medical records and retaining an ‘expert willing to testify.’”
Fuesel v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 02-95V, 2014 WL 1379241, at *4 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. Mar. 19, 2014); Young v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 05-207V, 2014 WL
1509885, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 27, 2014). Further, “expert testimony in and of itself
does not determine reasonableness.” Murphy, 30 Fed. Cl. at 62 (citing Perreira v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 33 (1992) (finding it unreasonable to grant attorneys’
fees based on the mere existence of expert testimony)).
In Fuesel, the special master denied petitioner’s application for interim costs because he
found petitioner had not established a reasonable basis to proceed or that the interim costs sought
were reasonable. Fuesel, 2014 WL 1379241, at *4-5. Like the undersigned, the special master
in Fuesel found “the medical records filed . . . do not demonstrate or even suggest vaccine
causation.” Id. at *4. Additionally, the Fuesel petitioners, like petitioner here, argued reasonable
basis existed because they had an “expert willing to testify.” Id. In Fuesel, the special master
determined that he “d[id] not have sufficient evidence to conclude that this claim possesses a
reasonable basis to proceed, based merely upon counsel’s assertion that [the expert] might in the
future offer a case-specific opinion favorable to [p]etitioners[].” Id. Upon review of the medical
records filed in this case, any findings an expert might have offered would not have overcome
the deficiencies in petitioner’s case.
As support for petitioner’s application for attorneys’ fees and costs, petitioner attached an
email exchange between petitioner’s counsel and Dr. Steinman in early December 2017. Before
counsel appeared in this case, counsel emailed Dr. Steinman asking if he could assist with the
case and whether he believed the case had merit, to which Dr. Steinman responded this “case
seems plausible for filing.” Pet. Reply, Ex. 1 at 1-2. The email exchange, however, provides no
evidence or objective basis to show that Dr. Steinman reviewed medical records or provided a
preliminary medical opinion to support the allegations set forth in the petition.
Petitioner argues “[t]he mere fact of Dr. Steinman’s involvement [] should be enough for
this court to find that [p]etitioner’s petition had a reasonable basis.” Pet. Reply at 7. However,
“expert testimony in and of itself does not determine reasonableness.” Murphy, 30 Fed. Cl. at
62. Therefore, the undersigned finds that Dr. Steinman’s willingness to review the medical
records and provide an opinion does not support a finding of reasonable basis.
III. CONCLUSION
For the reasons discussed above, the undersigned finds that petitioner is not entitled to an
award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.
The Clerk of Court shall enter judgment in accordance herewith.8
IT IS SO ORDERED.
8
Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by the parties’ joint filing
of notice renouncing the right to seek review.
7
s/Nora Beth Dorsey
Nora Beth Dorsey
Special Master
8