NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-4402-18T3
160 CHUBB
PROPERTIES, LLC,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
TOWNSHIP OF LYNDHURST,
Defendant-Appellant.
_____________________________
Argued telephonically July 28, 2020 –
Decided August 4, 2020
Before Judges Sumners and Mayer.
On appeal from the Tax Court of New Jersey, Docket
No. 2442-2014, whose opinion is reported at 30 N.J.
Tax 613 (Tax 2018), and Docket No. 6305-2015, whose
opinion is reported at 31 N.J. Tax 192 (Tax 2019).
Kenneth A. Porro argued the cause for appellant
(Chasan Lamparello Mallon & Cappuzzo, PC,
attorneys; Kenneth A. Porro, of counsel and on the
brief; Edna J. Jordan, on the brief).
Robert J. Guanci argued the cause for respondent
(Waters, McPherson, McNeill, PC, attorneys; Joseph G.
Rango and Eric D. McCullough, of counsel; Robert J.
Guanci, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
The Township of Lyndhurst appeals from the Tax Court's January 3, 2019
order entering judgment, and its reconsideration order of May 31, 2019, granting
the application by plaintiff 160 Chubb Properties, LLC (160 Chubb) for
taxpayer's relief for the 2017 tax year under the Freeze Act, N.J.S.A. 54:51A-8,
based upon a 2015 tax appeal judgment. We affirm substantially for the reasons
set forth by Tax Court Judge Jonathan A. Orsen in his cogent published
decisions, 160 Chubb Props., LLC v. Twp. of Lyndhurst, 30 N.J. Tax 613 (2018)
("Chubb I") and 160 Chubb Props., LLC v. Twp. of Lyndhurst, 31 N.J. Tax 192
(2019) ("Chubb II").
I.
Because the parties are very familiar with the facts and procedural history,
both of which are well-documented in Chubb I and Chubb II, we need not devote
much discussion to the background of this dispute. A brief summary will
therefore suffice.
On November 5, 2015, the parties reached a stipulation of settlement
resolving property tax appeals by 160 Chubb for the 2014 and 2015 tax years
A-4402-18T3
2
pertaining to a multi-unit office building (the property).1 The settlement
permitted 160 Chubb to apply the Freeze Act for the 2016 tax year, which would
limit the property's taxes to the 2015 tax year assessment, but was silent as to
the 2017 tax year. In pertinent part, the settlement stated:
The parties agree that there has been no change in value
or municipal-wide revaluation or reassessment adopted
for the tax year 2016, and therefore agree that the
provisions of [N.J.S.A.] 54:51A-8 (Freeze Act) shall be
applicable to and a final disposition of this case and the
entire controversy and of any actions pending or
hereafter instituted by the parties concerning the
assessment on the property referred to herein for said
Freeze Act year. No Freeze Act year shall be the basis
for application of the Freeze Act for any subsequent
year.
In accordance with the settlement, the Tax Court entered a December 18, 2015,
judgment reducing the property's tax assessment from $16.25 million to $13
million for the 2014 and 2015 tax years.
In 2016, Lyndhurst assessed the property at the original pre-settlement
assessment of $16.25 million. 106 Chubb's successful appeal to the County Tax
Board reduced the property's assessment to $13 million in keeping with the
settlement and judgment.
1
160 Chubb purchased the property for $10.3 million in December 2013.
A-4402-18T3
3
In November 2016, CCC NJ Owner, LLC (CCC NJ), purchased the
property from 106 Chubb for $20.025 million. When Lyndhurst assessed the
property at $16.25 million for the 2017 tax year, CCC NJ filed a Freeze Act
application with the Tax Court in May 2017, and over two months later,
submitted a Freeze motion for entry of judgment. Both parties submitted
certifications in support of their respective positions. Oral argument was held
but a fact-finding hearing was not conducted.
On December 14, 2018, Judge Orsen issued his decision, Chubb I,
granting 106 Chubb relief for the 2017 tax year under the Freeze Act. The order
confirming the decision was entered on January 3, 2019.
Lyndhurst filed a motion for reconsideration. Judge Orsen issued a May
31, 2019 order together with his decision, Chubb II, denying the motion.
II.
In our review of a Tax Court's judgment, "[w]e recognize the expertise of
the [court] in this 'specialized and complex area.'" Advance Hous., Inc. v. Twp.
of Teaneck, 215 N.J. 549, 566 (2013) (citation omitted). The Tax Court's factual
"findings will not be disturbed unless they are plainly arbitrary or there is a lack
of substantial evidence to support them." Yilmaz, Inc. v. Dir., Div. of Taxation,
390 N.J. Super. 435, 443 (App. Div. 2007) (citation omitted). Thus, we examine
A-4402-18T3
4
"whether the findings of fact are supported by substantial credible evidence with
due regard to the Tax Court's expertise and ability to judge credibility." Ibid.
(citation omitted). However, our review of the Tax Court's legal conclusions is
de novo. United Parcel Serv. Gen. Servs. Co. v. Dir., Div. of Taxation, 430 N.J.
Super. 1, 8 (App. Div. 2013).
The present controversy involves the Tax Court's application of the Freeze
Act, which protects a taxpayer by "freezing" an assessment for the two years
following a tax year for which there is a final judgment of the Tax Court.
N.J.S.A. 54:51A-8; see also R. 8:7(d). In addition, "judgments of the Tax Court
obtained by settlement between the parties . . . are entitled to Freeze Act
protection." Grandal Enters., Inc. v. Borough of Keansburg, 292 N.J. Super.
529, 537 (App. Div. 1996) (citing S. Plainfield Borough v. Kentile Floors, Inc.,
92 N.J. 483, 487-89 (1983)). The Act "is designed to protect the taxpayer and
grant repose to a final judgment of the Tax Court for a period of two years,
preventing arbitrary actions of the taxing authority." Hackensack City v. Bergen
Cty., 405 N.J. Super. 235, 250 (App. Div. 2009) (citation omitted).
A Freeze Act action filed by a taxpayer is independent of any tax appeal
pursued by the taxpayer under N.J.S.A. 54:3-21, which challenges the fairness
of an assessment. Because the statute is "self-executing[,]" "[i]t is not necessary
A-4402-18T3
5
for a taxpayer to file a tax appeal to obtain the benefit of the Freeze Act.
Hackensack City, 405 N.J. Super. at 247 (quoting Grandal Enters., 292 N.J.
Super. at 537). A taxpayer has the option to seek both a reduction in a property's
assessment and pursue a Freeze Act claim. See Grandal Enters., 292 N.J. Super.
at 538. The Act also applies if a stipulation of settlement is silent as to the Act's
application. S. Plainfield Borough v. Kentile Floors, Inc., 4 N.J. Tax 1, 10 (Tax
1981) (holding consent by the parties to the "availability of the Freeze Act for
the benefit of the taxpayer" is "not a prerequisite to the operation of the statute"
therefore, "[t]he absence of an agreement by the parties to apply the Freeze Act
is not relevant").
There are two exceptions to the Freeze Act: "[(1)] when the taxing
authority demonstrates circumstances occurring after the base year assessment
date that result in an increase in the value of the property or [(2)] when the taxing
authority implements a revaluation program affecting all property in the tax
district." Grandal Enters., 292 N.J. Super. at 536; see also N.J.S.A. 54:51A-
8(a). Unless one of these exceptions apply, "the application of the Freeze Act
is 'mandatory and self-executing.'" Rockaway 80 Assocs. v. Rockaway Twp.,
15 N.J. Tax 326, 331 (1996) (quoting Clearview Gardens Assocs. v. Parsippany-
Troy Hills Twp., 196 N.J. Super. 323, 328 (App. Div. 1984)).
A-4402-18T3
6
Here, Lyndhurst contends the basis for its $16.25 million 2017 tax
assessment was the property's increased value. For the taxing authority to
sustain a claim of increased property value, this court has held there must be a
prima facie showing: "(1) the change in value result[ed] from an internal or
external change; (2) the change materialized after the assessing date of the base
year; and (3) the change substantially and meaningfully increased the value of
the property." Coastal Eagle Point Oil Co. v. Twp. of W. Deptford, 353 N.J.
Super. 212, 218 (App. Div. 2002) (alteration in original) (quoting AVR Realty
Co. v. Cranford Twp., 316 N.J. Super. 401, 407 (App. Div. 1998)). Only when
a prima facie case is shown will a plenary hearing be held to determine Freeze
Act applicability. Ibid.
"The Freeze Act . . . may be invoked at the option of the taxpayer on
motion for supplementary relief to the Tax Court under the caption of the Tax
Court judgment for the base year to which the Freeze Application is sought." R.
8:7(d). "The taxpayer need not submit any affidavits concerning the lack of
change in value or that there has been no general revaluation." Clearview
Gardens Assocs., 196 N.J. Super. at 329.
A-4402-18T3
7
A.
We first address Lyndhurst's argument that there was a genuine dispute of
material fact precluding entry of judgment in favor of 106 Chubb without a
plenary hearing. Specifically, Lyndhurst relied on certifications of its Tax
Assessor and counsel, asserting the parties intended the settlement agreement to
be limited to the 2016 tax year and not to extend to the 2017 tax year; and 106
Chubb's construction permits for property improvement totaling $355,100
increased the property's value. Lyndhurst also cited its tax assessor's claim the
property's value increased because it was sold to CCC NJ for $20.025 million in
2016 and its tenancy occupancy rate is much more in 2017, than in 2013, when
106 Chubb acquired the property. Lyndhurst maintains because 106 Chubb
disputed these assertions, a plenary hearing was warranted.
Judge Orsen rejected the argument that a hearing was necessary to
determine whether the settlement agreement included application of the Freeze
Act to the 2017 tax year. The judge held:
[S]ince the Freeze Act is self-executing, it is not
necessary to expressly invoke its application. The court
focuses instead on whether a taxpayer deliberately and
intentionally waived Freeze Act protection. Here, the
court observes that there is no express mention of the
term waiver, nor is there any indication that [106]
Chubb requested or agreed to waive Freeze Act
protection for the 2017 tax year. Notwithstanding the
A-4402-18T3
8
lack of written waiver by [106] Chubb, Lyndhurst has
not presented support for any action taken by [106]
Chubb implying an intentional surrender of Freeze Act
protection or continued indifference in exercising its
Freeze Act protection rights.
[Chubb I, 30 N.J. Tax at 625].
We see no cause to disagree with Judge Orsen's reasoning. A plenary
hearing was unnecessary because Lyndhurst's certifications did not overcome
the self-executing application of the Freeze Act where there was no indication
106 Chubb waived its statutory rights. As the judge recognized in citing Scibek
v. Longette, 339 N.J. Super 72, 83 (App Div. 2001), "[w]hile an intention to
waive [F]reeze [Act] protection by a party does not need to be expressly stated,
it must be demonstrated that the party had full knowledge of its legal rights and
that the relinquishment of its rights was deliberate and intentional." Chubb I,
30 N.J. at 624.
Likewise, the judge properly rejected Lyndhurst's contention a plenary
hearing was warranted because of the property's occupancy rate, the selling price
to CCC NJ, and the construction permits issued to 106 Chubb evidenced the
property's increased value, thus establishing a statutory exception to the Freeze
Act. The judge determined Lyndhurst's tax assessor made
unsubstantiated assertions that, "[b]ased upon [106
Chubb's] representation," the subject property was
A-4402-18T3
9
substantially unoccupied at the time of [106] Chubb's
purchase without providing any corroborating
evidence. In accordance Ritchie & Page Distrib. Co.,
Inc. [v. City of Trenton, 29 N.J. Tax 538, 545 (2016)]
and Union Minerals & Alloys Corp. [v. Kearny Town,
11 N.J. Tax 280, 285 (1990)], the court cannot find that
bare allegations of increases in tenant occupancy,
unrelated to changes in market conditions, are
sufficient as a matter of law to demonstrate a
substantial change in value.
The court finds that Lyndhurst's heavy reliance on the
tax assessor's certification concerning increased
occupancy of the subject property, without supporting
evidence, is insufficient as a matter of law to
demonstrate a substantial and meaningful change in
value.
[Chubb I, 30 N.J. Tax at 627-28.]
Concerning the sale price to CCC NJ and the construction permits, the
judge determined:
Since sales price is merely a 'guiding indicium' of
value, it does not establish, per se, a change in value for
purposes of the Freeze Act. Lyndhurst must first
demonstrate that a substantial and meaningful change
in value has occurred before the court will grant a
request for a plenary hearing. Here, Lyndhurst has not
provided any evidence in this regard. Rather, it asks
the court to grant a plenary hearing based on bare
unsupported allegations that the work performed under
the permits impliedly constituted more than just
retrofitting, upgrading, or remediation of deferred
maintenance, based on the November 2016 sale price of
the subject property. Without more, the court finds that
Lyndhurst's reliance on the construction permits fails to
A-4402-18T3
10
demonstrate a substantial and meaningful change in
value of the subject property to warrant denial of [106]
Chubb's Freeze Act application.
[Id. at 629-30 (emphasis omitted).]
We see no cause to disagree with the judge's reasoning, which in large
part was based upon his credible assessment of the factual record. A plenary
hearing was unnecessary because Lyndhurst failed to establish: (1) the
construction permits were more than the property's rehabilitation and
improvements in the ordinary course of building maintenance; and (2) the
property was substantially unoccupied when 106 Chubb purchased the
property.2 Moreover, Lyndhurst's sole assertion of the property's sale price was
not sufficient evidence of a change in value under the Freeze Act
B.
In evaluating Lyndhurst's reconsideration motion, Judge Orsen keenly
noted the municipality's arguments were basically the same that he rejected in
granting 106 Chubb's Freeze Act's application for 2017 tax year. Chubb II, 31
N.J. at 196. Thus, in applying the well-settled standards set forth in Rule 4:49-
2
In dismissing Lyndhurst's contention it needed discovery to substantiate the
property's occupancy rate, Judge Orsen pointed to 106 Chubb's contention the
municipality failed to take advantage of "the Chapter 91, N.J.S.A. 54:4-34,
'arsenal of devices' . . . for investigating occupancy of a property." Chubb I, 30
N.J. Tax at 628 n.4.
A-4402-18T3
11
2, D'Atria v. D'Atria, 242 N.J. Super. 392, 401 (Ch. Div. 1990), Cummings v.
Bahr, 295 N.J. Super. 374, 384 (App. Div. 1996), and Capital Fin. Co. of Del.
Valley, Inc. v. Asterbadi, 398 N.J. Super. 299, 310 (App. Div. 2008), the judge
properly denied Lyndhurst's motion for reconsideration. Chubb II, 31 N.J. at
198-99.
The judge acknowledged Lyndhurst's new arguments that "[106] Chubb
had no legal standing to . . . [seek] Freeze Act relief for tax year 2017, [and CCC
NJ] received a 'windfall' that should not be permitted as [it] neither negotiated
the base year settlement nor was it a named party to the Freeze Act motion." Id.
at 196. The judge dismissed the standing argument, noting the Freeze Act is
"'mandatory and self-executing[,]'" Clearview Gardens Assocs., 196 N.J. Super.
at 328, therefore, "'[a] subsequent owner has the right to apply the Freeze Act,
for a subsequent year, to a judgment obtained by a prior owner for a prior
year[,]" ADP of N.J., Inc. v. Parsippany-Troy Hills Twp., 14 N.J. Tax 372, 378
(1994). Chubb II, 31 N.J. Tax at 200. Because CCC NJ had an interest in
keeping the status quo tax assessment for 2017 as the new property owner and
Rule 8:7(d) required its Freeze Act's application to use the same caption in which
106 Chubb was initially granted Freeze Act relief for the 2016 tax year, CCC
NJ had standing as successor in title. Id. at 200.
A-4402-18T3
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The judge also found there was no merit to Lyndhurst's contention CCC
NJ received an unwarranted windfall because its Freeze Act application is
consistent with the Act's clear legislative intent of conferring rights to
ownership, and those rights were not waived by 106 Chubb prior to selling the
property. Id. at 206. We see no fault with this factual and legal determination.
As Judge Orsen correctly found, Lyndhurst presented "no new or
additional facts or evidence in support of its motion for reconsideration, n or
proffered any law or authority it believes [he] failed to weigh or consider in
these matters[,]" nor showed his initial decision "was palpably incorrect or
irrational." Ibid. We also agree with the judge that Lyndhurst failed to show he
acted in an arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable manner by freezing the
property's taxes for 2017 at the 2016 tax year assessment. Ibid.
Any arguments made by Lyndhurst that we have not expressly addressed
are without sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-
3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
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