MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Oct 26 2020, 10:57 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Miriam A. Rich James E. Ayers
Indianapolis, Indiana Wernle, Ristine & Ayers Legal,
P.C.
Crawfordsville, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
KNK Group, Humphreys October 26, 2020
Construction, C’ville Steel Court of Appeals Case No.
Roofs, and Mitchell Humphreys, 20A-EX-402
Appellants-Defendants, Appeal from the Indiana Worker’s
Compensation Board
v. The Honorable Linda Peterson
Hamilton, Chairperson
Doug Sarver, Application No.
Appellee-Plaintiff. C-238476
Mathias, Judge.
[1] KNK Group, Humphreys Construction, C’Ville Steel Roofs, and Mitchell
Humphreys (collectively “the Defendants”) appeal the Worker’s Compensation
Board’s (“the Board”) award in favor of Doug Sarver (“Sarver”). The
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Defendants argue that the Board’s award should be reversed and raise the
following arguments, which we restate as:
I. Whether the Board’s award of temporary total disability benefits is
supported by sufficient evidence;
II. Whether the Board erred when it considered Thomas Jones’s deposition;
III. Whether the Board erred when it awarded benefits to Sarver against KNK
Group, a corporation that was administratively dissolved before Sarver
was injured; and
IV. Whether the Board erred when it awarded benefits to Sarver against
entities named after the running of the non-claim statute.
[2] We affirm and remand for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] On November 1, 2015, Sarver was employed by KNK Group,1 Humphreys
Construction, C’Ville Steel Roofs or Humphreys to replace a roof at Gilley’s
Antique Mall. Humphreys owned all of these businesses, wholly or at least in
part. Sarver sustained injuries when he fell through the roof. Sarver suffered
fractured ribs, muscle spasms, and shoulder and low-back pain. Sarver saw
multiple physicians for continued pain in the months following the accident. He
1
KNK Group is also referred to as K&K Group by the parties and the Board. In his initial application for
adjustment of claim, Sarver named K&K Group as a defendant. For this reason, the Defendants claim that
Sarver did not name a proper party. But the Defendants failed to raise this argument before the Board and,
given its participation in these proceedings, KNK Group was notified of Sarver’s claim.
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also participated in physical therapy. Sarver continues to have numbness in his
leg.
[4] On May 17, 2017, Sarver filed his application for adjustment of claim. A
hearing was held on his application on June 18, 2019. The Single Hearing
Member issued an award to Sarver on August 20, 2019. The Defendants
requested review of the Single Hearing Member’s award by the Board.
[5] On January 26, 2020, the Board adopted the Single Hearing Member’s finding
of facts and conclusions of law and affirmed the award. Facts pertinent to this
appeal are thoroughly addressed in the findings of fact and conclusions of law,
which are included below:
FINDINGS OF FACT
Defendants K & K Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville
Steel Roofs and Humphreys
1. Plaintiff, with assistance of counsel, filed his Application
for Adjustment of Claim on May 17, 2017, naming K & K
Group as the sole Defendant. Plaintiff claims that he
sustained injuries by accident arising out of and in the course
of his employment with K & K Group on November 1, 2015.
(Finding Number 1; January 22, 2019 Order) He specifically
alleges that his injuries were caused by falling through the
roof of Gilley’s Antique Mall during a roof replacement
construction project.
2. Following a pre-trial conference held on November 14,
2017, the undersigned ordered K & K Group to obtain legal
counsel for representation in litigation of Plaintiff’s claim.
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(Finding Number 2; January 22, 2019 Order) This order was
reiterated on February 23 and March 21, 2019.
3. On or about December 15, 2017, Humphreys,
owner/manager of K & K Group, filed a Motion to Notify
Worker’s Compensation Board of Request and Intent to Pursue Case
Without Counsel. Humphreys averred in his Motion that: K & K
Group is an inactive company and has no bank accounts and
has a negative net worth value and is currently out of
business; K & K Group has no money available to hire legal
counsel; and, that Plaintiff has filed false representations in
his Application. Humphreys refers to Defendant as “KNK
Group” and “K and K Group” in his pleading. (Finding
Number 3; January 22, 2019 Order)
4. On November 10, 2018, Plaintiff filed an amended
Application for Adjustment of Claim naming Humphreys
Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and Humphreys as
Defendants. (Finding Number 1a; March 21, 2019 Order)
These entities are other construction enterprises owned and
operated, wholly or in-part, by Humphreys.
5. At a pre-trial conference held on February 26, 2019 in lieu
of a scheduled hearing, Humphreys submitted information
from the Indiana Secretary of State’s Office indicating that
KNK Group was organized as a limited liability company on
April 24, 2006 and administratively dissolved on November
19, 2009. He offered no explanation of the administrative
dissolution of the enterprise approximately six years before
Plaintiff’s date of injury. (Finding Number 4; March 21, 2019
Order)
6. Plaintiff testified that he was paid for the work he
performed on the Gilley’s project, and at other times for other
work, by Humphreys in cash and by checks from K & K
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Group. Further, that no taxes were withheld from such
payments, and that he did not receive any income reporting
forms from Humphreys or K & K Group; i.e. W-2 or 1043
forms.
7. Thomas Jones (Jones) is presently a self-employed
construction contractor. He began employment with
Humphreys/K & K Group in 2012, and testified that he was
usually paid for his work in cash or by checks from K & K
Group. Further, that with some exception during his latter
periods of employment, no taxes were withheld from his
wages and no income reporting forms were provided to him.
Jones testified that sometime in 2015 Humphreys began
doing business as C’ville Steel Roofs, a division of
Humphreys Construction. His description of his work for
C’ville Steel Roofs suggests that he may have been a
supervisor or possibly a subcontractor. He described wage
payment practices by C’ville Steel Roofs as similar to those
Humphreys did while he was employed by K & K Group. He
also expressed awareness that Humphreys did not have
workers compensation insurance coverage for his various
construction enterprises.
Jones testified that he knows Plaintiff, was aware that he
working on the Gilley's project, and knew that he was injured
during such work; however, he did not witness the accident
[or] have any involvement with Plaintiff’s claim. His
involvement with the Gilley’s project appears to have been
supervisory or possibly as a subcontractor. He indicated that
wage payments by Humphreys for work on the Gilley’s
project were made in cash and checks from K&K Group.
8. These is no evidence that K & K Group, Humphreys
Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs or Humphreys were insured
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for worker’s compensation purposes as required by Indiana
Code § 22-3-5-1 on November 10, 2015.
9. Contrary to orders made by this Board on November 17,
2017, January 22, 2019 and March 21, 2019, no attorney has
appeared for K & K Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville
Steel Roofs or Humphreys. Contrary to orders made on
January 22 and March 21, 2019, no information has been
provided about the form of business organization and status
of Humphreys’ various enterprises; or, any information about
worker’s compensation insurance coverage for such
enterprises. Furthermore, there is no evidence of the financial
ability of these enterprises to satisfy Plaintiff’s claims.
Humphreys did not participate in the June 18, 2019
hearing pro se, only as a witness in support of the affirmative
defense asserted by Gilley’s and Hines. He appeared at the
hearings set for February 26 and June 18, 2019 without
having made any necessary prior preparations despite
directions and orders to do so. He did not, at either hearing
setting, proffer any records, documents, or other materials for
admission into the record of this matter, and due
consideration in adjudication. At the June 18, 2019 hearing,
he was offered opportunity to represent himself, question
Plaintiff, and question Plaintiff’s witness. He declined.
Defendants Gilley’s and Hines
10. On March 19, 2018, Plaintiff filed an Amended Application
for Adjustment of Claim naming Gilley’s Antique Mall and Jeff
Line as additional Defendants. (Finding Number 4; January
22, 2019 Order) Plaintiff correctly identified Jeff Hines as a
Defendant rather than Jeff Line in an amended Application for
Adjustment of Claim filed January 23, 2019.
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Plaintiff asserts that Gilley’s and Hines are secondarily
liable for his claim by operation of Indiana Code § 22-3-2-14;
that Gilley’s and Hines are liable due to failure to obtain a
Certificate of Compliance confirming worker’s compensation
insurance coverage for K & K Group, Humphreys
Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and/or Humphreys.
Further, that he may amend his Application to name another
party-defendant at any time after his claim has commenced,
provided that the original Application was timely filed; and, it
was. (Finding Number 12; January 22, 2019 Order)
11. On April 19, 2018, counsel for Gilley’s and Hines filed
Defendant, Gilley’s Antique Mall/Jeff Line’s Verified Motion to
Dismiss. (Finding Number 5; January 22, 2019 Order) Gilley’s
and Hines contend that Plaintiff’s Amended Application should
be dismissed because it was filed more than two years after
Plaintiff’s alleged injury; and, it was.
12. On October 29, 2018, counsel for Gilley’s and Hines
filed Defendant, Gilley’s Antique Mall/Jeff Line’s Crossclaim for
Indemnity, naming K & K Group as Crossclaim-Defendant.
(Finding Number 1; January 22, 2019 Order)
13. In his deposition of November 8, 2018, Hines testified to
the following:
a. He and his wife are owners of Gilley’s Antique Mall.
b. In the Fall of 2015, he hired Humphreys
Construction/C’ville Steel Roofs to replace the roof and
do some remodeling of the building which houses
Gilley’s Antique Mall.
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c. He was aware of Plaintiff’s alleged injury and under
the impression that Plaintiff was an employee of
Humphreys Construction/C’ville Steel Roofs.
d. He was not aware that Plaintiff had filed an
Application for Adjustment of Claim regarding his claim
until he received Plaintiff’s Amended Application for
Adjustment of Claim in April of 2018.
e. Plaintiff’s Amended Application was also his first
notice that Plaintiff intended to assert claims against him
and Gilley’s Antique Mall.
f. He did not understand his potential secondary
liability under Indiana worker’s compensation law until
he received Plaintiff’s Amended Application.
g. He requested and obtained a certificate of worker’s
compensation insurance from Humphreys, but did not
obtain a certificate of compliance from the Indiana
Worker’s Compensation Board.
(Finding Number 8; January 22, 2019 Order)
14. A hearing on Defendant, Gilley’s Antique Mall/Jeff Line’s
Verified Motion to Dismiss was held on November 13, 2018.
The undersigned thereafter determined that additional
information was needed to adjudicate the Motion and
scheduled a hearing for February 26, 2019. (January 22, 2019
Order)
15. At the February 26, 2019 pre-trial conference held in lieu
of hearing, Humphreys also submitted copy of a policy
declarations form pertaining to a general liability policy issued
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by Hastings Mutual Insurance Company. The policy names
him personally as the insured for the period of October 26,
2014 to October 26, 2015. This form is ostensibly the proof of
insurance coverage that he provided to Hines at the time he
contracted to repair the Gilley’s building. This is not a
worker’s compensation insurance policy applicable to this
matter, and it is noted that the period of coverage expired five
days before Plaintiff’s date of injury. (Finding Number 5;
March 21, 2019 Order)
16. Indiana Code §22-3-2-14 (c) states:
Any contractor who shall sublet any contract for the
performance of any work, to a subcontractor subject to the
compensation provisions of IC 22-3-2 through IC 22-3-6,
without obtaining a certificate from the worker’s
compensation board showing that such subcontractor has
complied with section 5 of this chapter, IC 22-3-5-1, and IC
22-3-5-2, shall be liable to the same extent as such
subcontractor for the payment of compensation, physician’s
fees, hospital fees, nurse’s charges, and burial expenses on
account of the injury or death of any employee of such
subcontractor due to an accident arising out of and in the
course of the performance of the work covered by such
subcontract.
Gilley’s and Hines did not obtain Certificate of
Compliance from this Board confirming that Humphreys
Construction/ C’ville Steel Roofs or any of Humphreys’
other enterprises had appropriate worker’s compensation
insurance coverage.
Plaintiff’s Claim
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17. Plaintiff was actually injured on November 10, 2015. On
that date, he was employed by either K & K Group,
Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs or Humphreys.
Hines was under the impression that he had hired
Humphreys Construction/C’ville Steel Roofs for the Gilley’s
project. There is no evidence that Plaintiff was engaged as an
independent contractor by any party to this matter.
18. Plaintiff sustained injuries by accident arising out of and
in the course of his employment with either K & K Group,
Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs or Humphreys
on November 10, 2015. In summary, he sustained left side
rib fractures and a lumbar strain, and such injuries
necessitated the medical treatment described in
corresponding records. Plaintiff did not present any specific
medical service payment claims.
19. Plaintiff did not present any documentation of his
income on November 10, 2015. However, he testified that he
was paid $16.00 per hour for work on the Gilley’s project and
worked approximately 40 to 50 hours per week. Accordingly,
his average weekly wage is determined to have been
approximately $650.00, which equates to a temporary total
disability (TTD) benefit rate of $433.35 per week. Defendants
K & K Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs,
Humphreys, and Gilley’s/Hines did not present any
evidence of Plaintiff’s average weekly wage.
20. The evidence indicates that Plaintiff was disabled by his
injuries from November 10, 2015 to approximately March
28, 2016; the date on which Dr. William Irwin documented
Plaintiff's comment that he had been working in construction
on the previous Friday (March 25). Accordingly, Plaintiff
was disabled for a period of 19 weeks.
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21. On March 20, 2019, Dr. Spahr determined that Plaintiff
has sustained a 6% whole body permanent partial
impairment (PPI) as a result of the injuries caused by his
work accident.
22. At the February 26, 2019 pre-trial conference,
Humphreys presented, for the first time, the defenses that
Plaintiff was not an employee of him or his various
enterprises and there was no accident as Plaintiff alleges.
(Finding Number 6; March 21, 2019 Order) Humphreys’
statements are not credible; particularly in light of his
testimony in favor of Gilley’s and Hines’s affirmative
defense, thereby contradicting his assertion of no accident.
23. On March 8, 2019, Gilley’s and Hines filed an
affirmative defense asserting that Plaintiff’s accident was
caused by his failure to use a safety device; specifically, a
safety harness. Humphreys’ testimony in support of this
defense is not credible.
Penalties
24. There is no evidence that a First Report of Employee
Injury, Illness form pertaining to Plaintiff’s claim was filed as
required by Indiana Code § 22-3-4-13. There is no evidence
that a timely compensability determination pertaining to
Plaintiff’s claim was made as required by Indiana Code § 22-
3-3-7. (Finding Number 7; March 21, 2019 Order)
25. Defendant(s) K & K Group, Humphreys Construction,
C’ville Steel Roofs and/or Humphreys are subject to the
penalty provided in Indiana Code § 22-3-4-13(f)(1) for failure
to have worker’s compensation insurance coverage at the
time of Plaintiff’s accident.
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26. Defendant(s) K & K Group, Humphreys Construction,
C’ville Steel Roofs and/or Humphreys have consistently
acted in bad faith and with a lack of due diligence in this
matter; and, are subject to the penalties described in Indiana
Code §§ 22-3-4-12 and 12.1. The reasons for the civil
penalties assessed herein further evidence Defendants bad
faith and lack of due diligence.
27. Gilley’s and Hines have not acted in bad faith in this
matter. Secondary liability for Plaintiff’s claim is sufficient
remedy for not diligently obtaining a Certificate of
Compliance from this Board confirming that Humphreys
Construction/ C’ville Steel Roofs or any of Humphreys’
other enterprises had appropriate worker’s compensation
insurance coverage.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. The evidence provides no clear indication of K & K
Group’s business status or employment relationship with
Plaintiff. The evidence does indicate that Plaintiff was
employed by Humphreys and/or one of his enterprises on
November 10, 2015. The evidence also shows Humphreys/
C’ville Steel Roofs was hired by Hines for the Gilley’s
project, and that Plaintiff was injured while working on the
Gilley’s project. Plaintiff was an employee of Humphreys
and/or one of his enterprises on November 10, 2015. Proper
adjudication of Plaintiff’s claim requires that he be allowed
leave to his amend his Application to name Humphreys
Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and Humphreys as
Defendants.
2. Gilley’s and Hines are secondarily liable for Plaintiff’s
claim for failure to obtain a Certificate of Compliance
confirming worker’s compensation insurance coverage for K
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& K Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs
and/or Humphreys. Under the provisions of 631 IAC 1-1-7,
Plaintiff may amend his Application to name another party-
defendant at any time after his claim has commenced,
provided that the original Application was timely filed; and, it
was.
3. Plaintiff is entitled to payment for medical services
necessitated by his work injury, and TTD and PPI benefits as
described in Findings Number 20 and 21.
4. The penalty of doubled compensation for Defendant(s)
K & K Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs
and/or Humphreys’ failure to have worker’s compensation
insurance coverage at the time of Plaintiff’s accident is
appropriate in this matter.
5. The penalties for Defendant(s) K & K Group,
Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and/or
Humphreys’ bad faith/lack of due diligence are appropriate
in this matter.
6. The civil penalties for Defendant(s) K & K Group,
Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and/or
Humphreys’ violation of statutory injury reporting and
claims determination requirements are appropriate in this
matter.
AWARD
1. Defendant(s) K & K Group, Humphreys Construction,
C’ville Steel Roofs and/or Humphreys shall pay the cost of
all medical services Plaintiff has received for examination
and treatment of his work injury; including reimbursement to
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Plaintiff’s health insurance carrier, reimbursement to any
entity that may have paid the cost of such medical services,
payment of any liens, payment of any outstanding bills, and
reimbursement to Plaintiff for any out-of-pocket payments,
deductible costs or co-payments.
2. Defendant(s) K & K Group, Humphreys Construction,
C’ville Steel Roofs and/or Humphreys shall pay all
appropriate and verifiable mileage and travel expenses
associated with medical treatment that Plaintiff has received
for his injury.
3. There be awarded Plaintiff as against Defendant(s) K &
K Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs
and/or Humphreys, TTD benefits totaling $8,233.65
consistent with Finding Number 20 and Conclusion Number
3.
4. There be awarded Plaintiff as against Defendant(s) K &
K Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs
and/or Humphreys, PPI benefits in the amount of $9,978.00,
commencing November 10, 2015.
5. The fees of Plaintiff’s attorney for this specific award of
medical service payments, TTD and PPI benefits shall be
paid by Defendant(s) K & K Group, Humphreys
Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and/or Humphreys
consistent with the provisions of Indiana Code § 22-3-1-4;
directly to Plaintiff’s attorney with credit to said Defendant(s)
against the compensation awarded Plaintiff by this Award.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendant, Gilley’s Antique
Mall/Jeff Line’s Verified Motion to Dismiss is denied and
Gilley’s/Hines is secondarily liable for this award of medical
service payments, disability and impairment benefits, mileage
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expenses and attorney fees. Gilley’s/Hines shall pay any
amounts of the award described above that Defendant(s) K & K
Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and/or
Humphreys cannot pay. Gilley’s/Hines is not liable for any of
the penalties (or associated attorney fees) assessed against
Defendant(s) K & K Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville
Steel Roofs and/or Humphreys.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the following penalties
shall be assessed solely against Defendant(s) K & K Group,
Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and/or
Humphreys:
1. An additional $18,211.65 as double the total
compensation awarded as TTD and PPI benefits.
2. An additional $18,211.65 shall be paid to Plaintiff for
Defendant(s) K & K Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville
Steel Roofs and/or Humphreys bad faith and lack of due
diligence in this matter.
3. Plaintiff’s attorney’s fees shall be adjusted accordingly
for the doubled compensation amounts and, in addition
thereto, $6,064.47 shall be paid by Defendant(s) K & K
Group, Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and/or
Humphreys directly to Plaintiff’s attorney without credit to
said Defendant(s) against the penalty assessed for bad faith
and lack of due diligence or any other component of this
Award.
4. A civil penalty of $50.00 for failure to timely report an
injury and a civil penalty of $50.00 for failure to make a
timely claim determination; payable to the State of Indiana,
Worker's Compensation Supplemental Administrative Fund.
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IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendant, Gilley’s
Antique Mall/Jeff Line’s Crossclaim for Indemnity is dismissed.
Appellants’ App. pp. 6–13. The Defendants now appeal the Board’s award in
Sarver’s favor.2
Standard of Review
[6] The Indiana Worker's Compensation Act (“the Act”) provides compensation
for personal injury or death by accident arising out of and in the course of
employment. Ind. Code § 22-3-2-2(a). “An accident occurs in the course of
employment when it takes place within the period of employment, at a place
where the employee may reasonably be, and while the employee is fulfilling the
duties of employment or while engaged in doing something incidental thereto.”
Waters v. Ind. State Univ., 953 N.E.2d 1108, 1112–13 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011)
(citations omitted), trans. denied. The claimant bears the burden of proving a
right to compensation under the Act. Smith v. Bob Evans Farms, Inc., 754 N.E.2d
18, 23 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans. denied. The Act is to be liberally construed to
“effectuate the humane purposes of the Act[.]” Daugherty v. Indus. Contracting &
Erecting, 802 N.E.2d 912, 919 (Ind. 2004).
2
Gilley’s and Hines filed a separate appeal and argued that the Board erred when it denied their motion to
dismiss because Sarver’s claim against them was barred by the statute of limitations. Gilley’s Antique Mall, et
al. v. Sarver, 2020 WL 5808386 (Ind. Ct. App. 2020). Our court agreed that Sarver’s claim against Gilley’s
and Hines was not timely filed and reversed the Board’s award against those defendants. Id.
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[7] When reviewing the Board’s decisions, we are bound by its factual
determinations and may not disturb them unless the evidence is undisputed and
leads inescapably to a contrary conclusion. Eads v. Perry Twp. Fire Dep’t, 817
N.E.2d 263, 265 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. Unfavorable evidence must
be disregarded in favor of an examination of only that evidence and the
reasonable inferences therefrom that support the Board’s findings. Id. And we
neither reweigh the evidence nor judge witness credibility. Id. We will not
disturb the Board’s conclusions unless the Board incorrectly interpreted the
Worker's Compensation Act. Inland Steel Co. v. Pavlinac, 865 N.E.2d 690, 697
(Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
I. Temporary Total Disability Benefits
[8] First, the Defendants challenge the Board’s award of temporary total disability
benefits from November 10, 2015, to March 28, 2016. The Defendants claim
there was no evidence to support the Board’s award, and that Sarver returned to
work within a few weeks of his injury. Appellants’ Br. at 11–12. The
Defendants also argue that the Board failed to consider additional evidence
during its review of the Single Hearing Member’s decision despite its authority
to do so pursuant to 631 Indiana Administrative Code 1-1-15(a).
[9] Temporary total disability benefits are payable pursuant to Indiana Code
section 22-3-3-8. (“With respect to injuries occurring on and after July 1, 1976,
causing temporary total disability . . . there shall be paid to the injured
employee during the total disability a weekly compensation equal to sixty-six
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and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of his average weekly wages . . . for a period
not to exceed five hundred (500) weeks.”).
The purpose of awarding temporary total disability payments
under the Indiana Worker’s Compensation Act is to compensate
an employee for a loss of earning power because of an accidental
injury arising out of, and in the course of, his or her employment.
If the injured worker does not have the ability to return to work
of the same kind or character during the treatment period for the
injury, the worker is temporarily totally disabled and may be
entitled to benefits.
Cavazos v. Midwest Gen. Metals Corp., 783 N.E.2d 1233, 1239 (Ind. Ct. App.
2003) (citations omitted).
[10] Sarver suffered significant injuries on November 10, 2015, when he fell through
the roof of Gilley’s Antique Mall. He saw physicians for continuing pain
through and until March 28, 2016. His medical treatment, including physical
therapy, continued beyond the date established by the Single Hearing Member.
Ex. Vol. III, pp. 3–4. Sarver testified that a few weeks after the accident, he was
able to return to work on a part-time basis and was only able perform less
physically demanding tasks.3 Tr. p. 10. This evidence supports the conclusion
that Sarver did not have the ability to return to work of the same character
3
And Sarver testified that two weeks after the accident he was informed that he would lose his job if he did
not return to work. Tr. p. 20.
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during his treatment period and was therefore entitled to total temporary
disability benefits. See Cavazos, 783 N.E.2d at 1239.
[11] The Defendants claim that the Board abused its discretion when it denied their
motion to submit additional evidence as allowed by 631 Indiana Administrative
Code 1-1-15. Humphreys wanted to submit evidence of wage payments made to
Sarver during the time period that the Board awarded Sarver disability benefits.
[12] In pertinent part, 631 Indiana Administrative Code section 1-1-15 provides:
The facts upon review by the full board will be determined upon
the evidence introduced in the original hearing, without hearing
new or additional evidence, at the discretion of the board. Any
party desiring to introduce new or additional evidence shall file
an affidavit setting forth therein the names and residences of the
witnesses to be called to testify before the full board, the facts to
which they will testify, or, if the new evidence be documentary,
then a copy of the document proposed to be introduced setting
forth good reason for failure to introduce such evidence at the
original hearing. If the petition is granted, the opposing party
shall have the right to introduce such additional evidence as may
be necessary in rebuttal.
“When the Board is reviewing a single hearing member’s determination, the
decision to deny or allow the introduction of additional evidence is a matter
within the Board’s sound discretion.” Hancock v. Ind. School for the Blind, 651
N.E.2d 342, 343 (Ind. Ct. App. 1995), trans. denied. On review, we do not
disturb such rulings unless there is a clear abuse of discretion. Id.
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[13] The issues presented in this appeal are complicated by the fact that the
Defendants refused to obtain counsel to represent the business entities named as
defendants in this proceeding. The Board ordered the Defendants to obtain
counsel to represent those business entities, but they failed to do so. Appellants’
App. p. 17. The Single Hearing Member correctly advised Humphreys that the
business entities named as parties, including KNK Group, could only act
through counsel. Id.; see also Ind. Code § 34-9-1-1. To the extent, Humphreys
was named as a defendant in his individual capacity, he was allowed to proceed
without counsel. Tr. p. 13.
[14] Additionally, the evidence the Defendants desired to submit to the Board was
available and known to them and could have been submitted at the hearing
before the Single Hearing Member. And, as we noted above, Sarver testified
that he worked on a part-time basis performing less demanding physical tasks as
he was able after he was injured. Therefore, the Board was presented with
evidence that Sarver worked and was paid for that work during his period of
disability. The Board did not abuse its discretion when it denied the
Defendants’ motion to submit additional evidence to the full Board.
[15] For all of these reasons, we affirm the Board’s award of temporary total
disability benefits to Sarver.
II. Jones Deposition
[16] Next, the Defendants argue that the Board fundamentally erred when it
considered Thomas Jones’s deposition testimony. For the first time, the
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Defendants claim they lacked notice of the deposition and therefore were not
able to participate and defend the deposition.
[17] Jones’s deposition was admitted into evidence without objection. Tr. p. 4. The
Defendants claim that they lacked notice of the deposition. Because the
Defendants failed to argue lack of notice in the worker’s compensation
proceedings, Sarver was not given the opportunity to refute the claim in the
proceedings below.4 Also, counsel for Hines attended the deposition and cross-
examined Jones. Jones’s deposition testimony was cumulative of Scott
Brown’s, who testified at the hearing. For all of these reasons, we conclude that
the Board did not err when it considered Jones’s deposition testimony. See Ind.
Mich. Power Co. v. Roush, 706 N.E.2d 1110, 1115 n.4 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999)
(explaining that where neither the hearing member nor the Board addresses an
issue, a litigant cannot raise that issues for the first time on appeal), trans. denied.
III. Award of Benefits Against KNK Group, LLC
[18] The Defendants argue that KNK Group, LLC was administratively dissolved in
2009, and therefore, the Board erred when it ordered KNK Group to pay
worker’s compensation benefits to Sarver.
[19] Humphreys conducted business as many entities, including in his own name,
C’ville Steel Roofs, and KNK Group. Although the LLC may have been
4
At the deposition, Hines’s attorney said he spoke with Humphreys, and Humphreys claimed he did not
know about the deposition. Appellants’ App. p. 101.
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dissolved in 2009, Humphreys still used the name for his roofing business.
Humphreys continued to utilize that business entity to hire and pay employees.
[20] Moreover, the Defendants did not comply with the Board’s orders to provide
evidence to establish “the form of business organization and status of [the]
various enterprises.” Appellants’ App. p. 8. As Sarver notes in his brief, there is
no evidence that KNK was legally liquidated, and the company may “have
assets which can be reached to satisfy its obligations[.]” Appellee’s Br. at 10.
[21] For all of these reasons, the Board did not err when it ordered KNK Group to
pay worker’s compensation benefits to Sarver.
IV. Limitations for Filing a Claim Under the Nonclaim Statute
[22] Finally, the Defendants argue that the Board erred when it awarded benefits
against entities named in Sarver’s application after the nonclaim statute ran. In
his initial application for adjustment of claim concerning his November 10,
2015 workplace injury, Sarver named only KNK Group as his employer. Three
years after his injury, on November 10, 2018, Sarver filed an amended
application naming Humphreys Construction, C’ville Steel Roofs and
Humphreys as defendants.
[23] A claim for worker’s compensation benefits must be filed “within two (2) years
after the occurrence of the accident.” Ind. Code § 22-3-3-3. This statute is a
nonclaim statute that “creates a right of action and has inherent in it the denial
of a right of action. It imposes a condition precedent—the time element which
is a part of the action itself . . . . The nonclaim statute is self-executing where
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the general statute of limitations is not.” Cox v. Am. Aggregates Corp., 684 N.E.2d
193, 196 n.2 (Ind. 1997) (citation omitted).
[24] However, 631 Indiana Administrative Code 1-1-7 allows for joinder of
defendants and authorizes the Board to “at any time, upon a proper showing,
or of its own motion, [] order that any additional party be joined, when it deems
the presence of the party necessary.” The statutory provision imposing
secondary liability also provides that “[e]very claim filed with the worker’s
compensation board under this section shall be instituted against all parties
liable for payment” and fixes the order of payment. Ind. Code § 22-3-2-14(e).
[25] Sarver understandably named KNK Group as the defendant in his initial
application of claim because Humphreys still utilized the name of that
corporate entity and paid Sarver with checks drawn on KNK Group’s account.
After Humphreys notified the Board that KNK Group was administratively
dissolved in 2009, six years before Sarver’s injury occurred, Sarver sought to
add Humphreys individually and the two other corporate entities owned wholly
or in part by Humphreys. From the record of proceedings, it is abundantly clear
that Humphreys has not operated his businesses in compliance with the laws of
the State of Indiana. And for this reason, it is not clear which of Humphreys’s
businesses were hired to complete the roofing project at Gilley’s Antique Mall.
Finally, none of the defendants named in Sarver’s amended application of
claim filed on November 10, 2018, raised the issue of the nonclaim statute
before the Single Hearing Member or the full Board. See Roush, 706 N.E.2d at
1115 n.4. For all of these reasons, we conclude that the Board did not err when
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it awarded benefits against Humphreys, C’ville Steel Roofs and Humphreys
Construction, the defendants named in Sarver’s amended application for
adjustment of claim.
Conclusion
[26] The Defendants have not raised any issues requiring reversal of the Board’s
award of total temporary disability benefits to Sarver. In addition, Indiana Code
section 22-3-4-8(f) provides in pertinent part that “[a]n award of the full board
affirmed on appeal, by the employer, shall be increased thereby five percent
(5%)[.]” Because we are affirming the Board’s award of temporary total
disability benefits to Sarver, we order his award to be increased by 5% as
required by the Act.
[27] Affirmed and remanded with instructions to increase Sarver’s award by 5%.
Bradford, C.J., and Najam, J., concur.
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