If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
ESTATE OF JOHN CONFORTI, by DONNA UNPUBLISHED
CONFORTI, Personal Representative, October 29, 2020
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v No. 348745
Macomb Circuit Court
STANLEY WEBSTER CORNELL and METRO LC No. 2017-002406-NI
CONTROLS, INC.,
Defendants-Appellees.
Before: FORT HOOD, P.J., and JANSEN and TUKEL, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
In this negligence action, plaintiff, the Estate of John Conforti, by Donna Conforti, personal
representative (the Estate), appeals as of right the trial court’s stipulated order of dismissal
regarding the Estate’s claim for economic damages and tolling the limitations period during the
Estate’s appeal of the trial court’s prior order granting summary disposition in favor of defendants,
Stanley Webster Cornell (Cornell) and Metro Controls, Inc. We reverse, vacate the January 15,
2019 order granting summary disposition in favor of defendants, remand for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
This case arises out of a motor vehicle–pedestrian accident in Warren, Michigan, that
resulted in John Conforti’s (Conforti) death. At approximately 2:30 p.m. on May 10, 2017,
Conforti was attempting to cross Van Dyke Avenue, a seven-lane highway, outside of a marked
crosswalk. The nearest crosswalk was roughly ¼ mile away. The weather on that day was sunny
and clear, and the roadway was dry; traffic was moderate to heavy. Conforti was able to cross Van
Dyke Avenue during brief gaps in oncoming traffic. As Conforti crossed the far-right northbound
lane of traffic, he was struck by a pickup truck driven by Cornell in the course of his employment
with Metro Controls, Inc. Cornell immediately stopped his vehicle and called 911. Conforti was
transported to a local hospital where he was pronounced dead.
-1-
The Estate filed a three-count complaint, alleging negligence and gross negligence against
Cornell and Metro Controls, Inc., and requested damages from Metro Controls, Inc. as the owner
of the vehicle and under a theory of negligent entrustment. Following oral and written discovery,
defendants moved for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10), arguing that the Estate was
barred from recovering noneconomic damages under the comparative fault provision of the No-
Fault Act found in MCL 500.3135(2)(b), and under MCL 600.2959, because Conforti was more
than 50% at fault for the collision. In support of their motion for summary disposition, defendants
noted that Conforti had attempted to cross Van Dyke Avenue, a seven-lane highway, during a
period of moderate to heavy traffic flow, outside of a crosswalk in violation of Michigan law and
the city of Warren’s Uniform Traffic Code. Defendants further presented evidence that Cornell,
the driver of the vehicle that hit Conforti, was traveling under the posted speed limit of 45 miles
per hour, and was not was not driving in a careless manner. Defendants also noted that none of
the officers who responded to the collision believed there was anything Cornell could have done
to prevent the accident. Cornell was not criminally charged.
In response, the Estate argued that a genuine question of material fact did exist regarding
whether Conforti was more than 50% at fault. The Estate submitted an affidavit from Lieutenant
Timothy Abbo, a collision reconstructionist and a police officer employed by the Bloomfield
Township Police Department. Lieutenant Abbo averred that he had reviewed the crash report
prepared by the Warren Police Department, surveillance video of the collision, witnesses’
depositions, and additional evidence regarding the scene of the collision. Lieutenant Abbo
calculated that Cornell was traveling 42 miles per hour when the collision occurred. On the basis
of his review of the evidence in this case, Lieutenant Abbo averred that Conforti was visible in the
northbound lanes of Van Dyke Avenue, where he was struck, for approximately four seconds
before impact. Given Cornell’s speed of 42 miles per hour, Lieutenant Abbo opined that Cornell’s
vehicle traveled 246 feet during the period of time that Conforti was visible in the northbound
lanes. Lieutenant Abbo opined that Cornell could have fully stopped his vehicle within 195 feet,
and could have swerved to avoid Conforti within 170 feet. Thus, Lieutenant Abbo opined that if
Cornell was not distracted, he could have avoided the collision.
Cornell’s deposition transcript was also before the trial court at the time the trial court
decided defendants’ motion for summary disposition. In his deposition, Cornell testified that he
had turned left onto Van Dyke Avenue from a store parking lot, and had traversed six lanes of
traffic in order to end up in the far-right northbound lane where he was traveling at the time of the
collision. Cornell testified that he did not see Conforti before the collision because Cornell had
not been looking straight ahead at the roadway. Rather, Cornell had been “looking to my right,
you know, make sure nobody – no cars were pulling out. I was paying attention to my right, not
to my left.” Cornell never saw Conforti coming from the left, so he never applied the brakes.
Additionally, the deposition transcript of Cornell’s front seat passenger, Foley Decoste,
was before the trial court at the time the trial court decided defendants’ motion. Decoste testified
that while he was not actively watching the roadway, he did see Conforti before the collision
occurred. Decoste further testified that he did not have a chance to tell Cornell that he saw Conforti
before impact.
The trial court ultimately granted defendants’ motion for summary disposition in an order
dated January 15, 2019; the motion was decided without a hearing or oral argument. The trial
-2-
court reasoned that although relative negligence of the parties is generally a question for the trier
of fact, summary disposition was appropriate where there was no genuine issue of material fact
regarding whether Conforti was more than 50% at fault. The trial court elaborated, noting that
Conforti had violated Michigan law and the uniform traffic code adopted by the city of Warren
when he crossed Van Dyke Avenue outside of a crosswalk and entered into Cornell’s lane of travel.
Additionally, the trial court reasoned that even if Cornell had had a spare second to swerve or
apply the brakes, that fact did not make Cornell equally or more than 50% at fault. The Estate
filed a motion for reconsideration, which was denied. This appeal followed.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court:
review[s] a trial court's decision regarding a motion for summary disposition de
novo. Lowrey v LMPS & LMPJ, Inc., 500 Mich 1, 5-6, 890 NW2d 344 (2016). A
motion for summary disposition brought under MCR 2.116(C)(10) “tests the
factual sufficiency of the complaint,” Shinn v Mich Assigned Claims Facility, 314
Mich App 765, 768, 887 NW2d 635 (2016), and should be granted when “there is
no genuine issue regarding any material fact and the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law,” West v Gen Motors Corp, 469 Mich 177, 183, 665
NW2d 468 (2003).
“The moving party has the initial burden to support its claim for summary
disposition by affidavits, depositions, admissions, or other documentary evidence.”
McCoig Materials, LLC v Galui Constr, Inc, 295 Mich App 684, 693, 818 NW2d
410 (2012). The court must consider all of the admissible evidence in a light most
favorable to the nonmoving party. Liparoto Constr, Inc v Gen Shale Brick, Inc,
284 Mich App 25, 29, 772 NW2d 801 (2009). However, the party opposing
summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10) “may not rely on mere allegations
or denials in pleadings, but must go beyond the pleadings to set forth specific facts
showing that a genuine issue of material fact exists.” Oliver v Smith, 269 Mich App
560, 564, 715 NW2d 314 (2006) (quotation marks and citation omitted). “A
genuine issue of material fact exists when the record, giving the benefit of
reasonable doubt to the opposing party, leaves open an issue upon which reasonable
minds might differ.” Bahri v IDS Prop Cas Ins Co., 308 Mich App 420, 423, 864
NW2d 609 (2014) (quotation marks and citation omitted). [Lockwood v Twp of
Ellington, 323 Mich App 392, 400-401; 917 NW2d 413 (2018).]
III. ANALYSIS
The Estate’s sole argument on appeal is that the trial court erred by granting summary
disposition in favor of defendants where a genuine issue of material fact remained regarding
whether Conforti was more than 50% at fault for the accident. We agree.
MCL 500.3135(2)(b) provides that, in automobile negligence cases, “[d]amages must be
assessed on the basis of comparative fault, except that damages must not be assessed in favor of a
party who is more than 50% at fault.” Furthermore, MCL 600.2959 provides that, in actions based
-3-
on tort, if the plaintiff’s fault is greater than the defendant’s, “the court shall reduce economic
damages by the percentage of comparative fault . . . and noneconomic damages shall not be
awarded.” A plaintiff is considered to be at fault if “the plaintiff’s conduct was both a cause in
fact and a legal, or proximate, cause of his damages.” Lamp v Reynolds, 249 Mich App 591, 599;
645 NW2d 311 (2002). Although comparative fault is generally a question for the fact-finder,
comparative fault may be decided on a motion for summary disposition if no reasonable juror
could find that the defendant was more at fault than the plaintiff. Huggins v Scripter, 469 Mich
898, 898; 669 NW2d 813 (2003).
“To establish a prima facie case of negligence, a plaintiff must prove four elements: (1) a
duty owed by the defendant to the plaintiff, (2) a breach of that duty, (3) causation, and (4)
damages.” Case v Consumers Power Co, 463 Mich 1, 6; 615 NW2d 17 (2000) (citation omitted).
A driver of a motor vehicle generally owes a duty to pedestrians to exercise ordinary and
reasonable care in the operation of his or her motor vehicle. Zarzecki v Hatch, 347 Mich 138, 141;
79 NW2d 605 (1956). In doing so, a driver must make reasonable allowances for traffic, weather,
and road conditions. DePriest v Kooiman, 379 Mich 44, 46; 149 NW2d 449 (1967). Moreover, a
driver has a duty to keep a proper lookout and not to drive at a speed greater than that “which will
permit a stop within the assured, clear distance ahead.” MCL 257.627(1); Freed v Salas, 286 Mich
App 300, 329; 780 NW2d 844 (2009).
In this case, the Estate correctly asserted that defendants owed Conforti a duty: Cornell
owed a common law duty to Conforti to exercise ordinary and reasonable care while operating his
motor vehicle. Zarzecki v Hatch, 347 Mich 138, 141; 79 NW2d 605 (1956); Krass v Tri-Co
Security, Inc, 233 Mich App 661, 675-676; 593 NW2d 578 (1999). Moreover, Cornell had a
statutory duty to keep a proper lookout and drive at a speed that would “permit a stop within the
assured, clear distance ahead.” MCL 257.627(1). The record evidence established that Cornell
was driving in the far-right northbound lane of Van Dyke Avenue, a seven-lane highway. Cornell
wad driving at or below the posted speed limit of 45 miles per hour. However, the record is also
clear that if Cornell were properly watching the roadway, he could have avoided the collision.
Even though Conforti was negligently attempting to cross Van Dyke Avenue outside of a
marked crosswalk, Conforti did not suddenly step off the curb in front of Cornell’s vehicle. Rather,
he had been visible in the roadway for a sufficient amount of time to be seen and avoided.
Cornell’s front seat passenger clearly saw Conforti before the collision, and Cornell’s own
deposition testimony established that he was not looking straight ahead at the roadway. Indeed,
Cornell testified that he was looking at the driveways on the right side of the road to see if any
vehicles were pulling out, and Conforti was coming into Cornell’s lane of traffic from the left.
Accordingly, we conclude that the Estate presented sufficient evidence in response to defendants’
motion for summary disposition to create a genuine question of material fact regarding not only
whether Conforti was more than 50% at fault for the collision, but also whether Cornell was
negligently operating his vehicle at the time of the collision.
-4-
We reverse, vacate the January 15, 2019 order granting summary disposition in favor of
defendants, and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain
jurisdiction.
/s/ Karen M. Fort Hood
/s/ Kathleen Jansen
-5-