Slip Op. 20-176
UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
CELIK HALAT VE TEL SANAYI A.S.,
Plaintiff,
v.
UNITED STATES,
Before: Claire R. Kelly, Judge
Defendant,
Court No. 20-03848
and
INSTEEL WIRE PRODUCTS COMPANY
ET AL.,
Defendant-Intervenors.
OPINION AND ORDER
[Denying plaintiff’s motion for a temporary restraining order and preliminary
injunction.]
Dated: December 6, 2020
Irene H. Chen, Chen Law Group, LLC, of Rockville, MD, for plaintiff.
Tara K. Hogan, Assistant Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division,
U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, for defendant. Also on the brief was
Jeffrey Bossert Clark, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson,
Director, and Reginald T. Blades, Jr., Assistant Director. Of counsel were Reza
Karamloo and Jesus Saenz, Attorneys, Office of the Chief Counsel for Trade
Enforcement & Compliance, U.S. Department of Commerce.
Brooke M. Ringel, Paul C. Rosenthal, Kathleen W. Cannon, R. Alan Luberda, and
Joshua R. Morey, Kelley Drye & Warren, LLP, of Washington, DC, for defendant-
intervenors Insteel Wire Products Company et al.
Court No. 20-03848 Page 2
Kelly, Judge: Before the court is Plaintiff Celik Halat ve Tel Sanayi A.S.’s
(“Celik” or “Plaintiff”) motion for a temporary restraining order (“TRO”) and
preliminary injunction. See Pl.’s Mot. for [TRO] & Prelim. Injunction Confidential
Version, Nov. 19, 2020, ECF No. 15 (“Pl.’s Mot.”). Defendant opposes Plaintiff’s
motion. See Def.’s Resp. to Pl.’s Mots. for [TRO] & Prelim. Injunction, Dec. 4, 2020,
ECF No. 20 (“Def.’s Resp.”). For the following reasons, Plaintiff’s motion is denied.
BACKGROUND
On May 6, 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce (“Commerce”) initiated its
countervailing duty (“CVD”) investigation of prestressed concrete steel wire (“PC
Strand”) from the Republic of Turkey (“Turkey”). See Compl. at ¶ 2, Nov. 19, 2020,
ECF No. 2 (“Compl.”); see also [PC Strand] from [Turkey], 85 Fed. Reg. 28,610, 28,612
(Dep’t Commerce May 13, 2020) (initiation of [CVD] investigation). On June 25, 2020,
Commerce selected Celik for individual examination. See Compl. at ¶ 3. That same
day, Commerce issued a revised initial CVD questionnaire to the Turkish government
and set a deadline of August 10, 2020 at 5:00 pm Eastern Daylight Time for filing the
final business proprietary information (“BPI”) and the public CVD questionnaire
response. See id. at ¶¶ 3, 9.
Plaintiff states that on or about August 4, 2020, due in part to a medical
situation of counsel, it filed a request for a one-week extension of the August 7, 2020
deadline to file its response to Section III of Commerce’s CVD questionnaire, which
Commerce declined. See id. at ¶ 7. On August 7, 2020, Plaintiff timely filed its BPI
Court No. 20-03848 Page 3
response. See id. at ¶ 8. However, on August 10, 2020, purportedly due to counsel’s
medical situation, Plaintiff overlooked the two-hour time difference between
Mountain Daylight Time and Eastern Daylight Time when timing its submission,
and submitted its response at 4:27 pm MDT (6:27 pm EDT) instead of 4:27 pm EDT.
See id. at ¶¶ 10, 12. 1
On August 20, 2020, after learning that its CVD response was untimely
submitted and rejected, Plaintiff requested reconsideration of Commerce’s rejection.
See id. at ¶¶ 11–14. Commerce declined and continued to reject Plaintiff’s August 7,
2020 and August 10, 2020 filings of the BPI and public versions of its questionnaire
responses. See id. at ¶¶ 15–16. In the concurrent antidumping duty (“ADD”)
investigation, Celik’s counsel requested a meeting with Commerce to discuss its
denial of the questionnaire responses in both the ADD and the CVD proceedings. See
Pl.’s Mot. at 3. On September 4, 2020, Celik’s counsel met with Commerce to discuss
its denial of the responses. See id. at 3–4.
For its preliminary determination, Commerce applied adverse facts available
with an adverse inference (“AFA”) after finding that Celik significantly impeded its
1 It appears that there is a typographical error in Plaintiff’s complaint, and the court
presumes that Plaintiff intended to state that, in filing its submission at 4:27 pm
MDT, it overlooked the time difference between MDT and EDT. What Plaintiff
actually states is that “the filing was actually submitted at 6:27 PM MDT, not 4:27
PM EDT[.]” Compl. at ¶ 12. If this were true, then Plaintiff’s filing was not submitted
until 8:27pm EDT.
Court No. 20-03848 Page 4
investigation, and assigned a CVD subsidy and cash deposit rate of 135.06 percent. 2
See [PC Strand] from [Turkey], 85 Fed. Reg. 59,287, 59,288 (Dep’t Commerce Sept.
21, 2020) (prelim. affirmative [CVD] determination, prelim. affirmative critical
circumstances determination, in part) (“Prelim. Results”) and accompanying Decision
Memo. for the [Prelim. Results] at 9, C-489-843, (Sept. 14, 2020) available at
https://enforcement.trade.gov/frn/summary/turkey/2020-20692-1.pdf (last visited
Dec. 5, 2020). Moreover, Commerce determined that critical circumstances existed
with respect to Celik’s imports of subject merchandise, and, pursuant to section 703
and 733 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended 19 U.S.C. §§ 1671b(e)(2) and 1673b(e)(2)
(2018), 3 Commerce retroactively suspended liquidation of Celik’s entries. See Prelim
Results, 85 Fed. Reg. at 59,288.
On November 19, 2020, Plaintiff Celik initiated this action pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 1581(i) (2018) 4 by concurrently filing a summons and complaint. See
Summons, Nov. 19, 2020, ECF No. 1; Compl. Shortly thereafter, Celik moved for a
TRO and a preliminary injunction to enjoin Commerce from continuing to reject its
2 Parties and Commerce sometimes use the shorthand “AFA” or “adverse facts
available” to refer to Commerce's reliance on facts otherwise available with an
adverse inference to reach a final determination. AFA, however, encompasses a two-
part inquiry established by statute. See 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(a)–(b). It first requires
Commerce to identify information missing from the record, and second, to explain
how a party failed to cooperate to the best of its ability as to warrant the use of an
adverse inference when “selecting among the facts otherwise available.” Id.
3 Further citations to the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, are to the relevant
provisions of Title 19 of the U.S. Code, 2018 edition.
4 Further citations Title 28 of the U.S. Code are to the 2018 edition.
Court No. 20-03848 Page 5
untimely submitted questionnaire responses in the ongoing CVD investigation of
certain PC Strand from Turkey. See generally Pl.’s Mot; see also Prelim. Results.
Plaintiff also filed a motion to consolidate this case with Celik Halat ve Tel Sanayi
A.S. v. United States, Ct. No. 20-03843, an action challenging Commerce’s decision
to reject Celik’s untimely questionnaire responses in the ongoing ADD investigation
of PC Strand from Turkey. See Pl.’s Mot. to Consolidate Cases, Nov. 19, 2020, ECF
No. 6; see also Compl., Nov. 19, 2020, ECF No. 2 (from Dkt. No. 20-03843).
On November 20, 2020, the court held a telephonic conference with counsel for
both parties for the purpose of establishing a briefing schedule for the motion for a
TRO and a preliminary injunction. See Appearance Sheet, Nov. 20, 2020, ECF No.
10. During the telephone conference, Defendant indicated that the government
would be filing a motion to dismiss the complaint for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction. The court ordered a schedule providing for the Defendant to respond to
Plaintiff’s motion by December 4, 2020, and further providing for briefing of the
motion to dismiss. See Scheduling Order, Nov. 20, 2020, ECF No. 11. The court also
stayed the motion to consolidate pending resolution of the motion to dismiss. See id.
In accordance with the court’s order, Defendant filed its response to Plaintiff’s request
for a TRO and a preliminary injunction on December 4, 2020. See generally Def.’s
Resp.
Defendant opposes Plaintiff’s motion, arguing that Plaintiff is unlikely to
succeed on the merits because this Court lacks jurisdiction and there has been no
Court No. 20-03848 Page 6
final agency action. See id. at 7–12. Further, Defendant argues that Plaintiff has
not shown that it will suffer irreparable harm absent the injunction, nor has it shown
that the public interest and balance of harms weigh in its favor. See id. at 12–19.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
U.S. Court of International Trade (“USCIT”) Rule 65 permits the court to issue
a preliminary injunction on notice to the adverse party. See USCIT R. 65(a). To
obtain a preliminary injunction, Plaintiff must establish that (1) it is likely to succeed
on the merits, (2) it is likely to suffer irreparable harm without a preliminary
injunction, (3) the balance of the equities favors Plaintiff, and (4) the injunction is in
the public interest. See Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7
(2008); Zenith Radio Corp. v. United States, 710 F.2d 806, 809 (Fed. Cir. 1983)
(“Zenith Radio Corp.”). In reviewing these factors, “no one factor, taken individually,”
is dispositive. Ugine & ALZ Belg. v. United States, 452 F.3d 1289, 1292 (Fed. Cir.
2006) (citations omitted) (“Ugine & ALZ Belg.”); FMC Corp. v. United States, 3 F.3d
424, 427 (Fed.Cir.1993). However, each factor need not be given equal
weight. See Ugine & ALZ Belg., 452 F.3d at 1293; Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418, 434
(2009) (“Nken”). Likelihood of success on the merits and irreparable harm are
generally considered the most significant factors in evaluating a motion for injunctive
relief. See Nken, 556 U.S. at 434; Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc., 239
F.3d 1343, 1350 (Fed. Cir. 2001).
Court No. 20-03848 Page 7
DISCUSSION
I. Likelihood of Success on the Merits
Plaintiff’s likelihood of success on the merits depends upon whether: (a) the
court has subject matter jurisdiction; (b) Plaintiff has challenged a reviewable final
agency action ripe for review; and (c) Commerce abused its discretion in rejecting
Plaintiff’s questionnaire.
A. Subject Matter Jurisdiction
Defendant asserts that Plaintiff is unlikely to succeed on the merits because
the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over the complaint, and has indicated that
it intends to file a motion to dismiss. 5 The court concludes that it is likely that the
court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s claims.
The court cannot exercise jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i) where another
subsection “is or could have been available, unless the remedy provided under that
other subsection would be manifestly inadequate.” Miller & Co. v. United States, 824
F.2d 961, 963 (Fed. Cir. 1987). “While neither Congress nor the courts have provided
a precise definition of the term ‘manifestly inadequate,’ given the clear Congressional
preference expressed in [28 U.S.C. § 1581(i)] for review in accordance with [19 U.S.C.
5 Although Defendant has not yet filed its motion, the court must consider the
“likelihood” that it has subject matter jurisdiction over this proceeding in order to
analyze the likelihood that Plaintiff will succeed on the merits. The court discusses
the “likelihood” that it has jurisdiction in this case, as opposed to conclusively
determining whether or not it has jurisdiction, because the motion before the court is
for a preliminary injunction and TRO, and not a motion to dismiss.
Court No. 20-03848 Page 8
§ 1516a], the Court must be careful not to interfere in ongoing proceedings absent a
clear indication of the inadequacy of a [19 U.S.C. § 1581(c)] review.” Sahaviriya Steel
Industries Public Co. Ltd. v. United States, 33 CIT 140, 151, 601 F. Supp. 2d 1355,
1365 (2009) (citations omitted) (“Sahaviriya”). Moreover, “[a] party may not expand
a court’s jurisdiction by creative pleading.” Sunpreme Inc. v. United States, 892 F.3d
1186, 1193 (Fed. Cir. 2018) (quoting Norsk Hydro Can., Inc. v. United States, 472
F.3d 1347, 1355 (Fed. Cir. 2006)). Instead, the court must “look to the true nature of
the action in the district court in determining jurisdiction of the appeal.” Id. (citations
omitted).
Recourse under 19 U.S.C. § 1581(c) is not manifestly inadequate when judicial
review pursuant to subsection (c) provides the remedy Plaintiff seeks—namely, a
remand order directing Commerce to reconsider or further explain its refusal to
accept Plaintiff’s submissions. That Plaintiff frames its request for relief in such a
way as to urge disposition of this cause of action before publication of the final
determination cannot serve as the basis for the court’s exercise of jurisdiction in this
instance.
As such, although styled as an action under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i), it appears the
“true nature” of Plaintiff’s claim arises under § 1581(c), see Juancheng Kangtai
Chem. Co. v. United States, 932 F.3d 1321, 1326 (Fed. Cir. 2019), which, pursuant to
19 U.S.C. § 1516a, enables Plaintiff to seek judicial review of the final results of a
CVD investigation. Indeed, what Plaintiff seeks by asking the court to require
Court No. 20-03848 Page 9
Commerce to accept its submissions is not a temporary relief, but essentially the
ultimate relief in a case challenging Commerce’s final determination in a CVD
investigation. See, e.g., Cyber Power Systems (USA) Inc. v. United States, 44 CIT __,
__, Slip Op. 20-130 at 7–8 (Sept. 2, 2020) (“Cyber Systems”).
Plaintiff argues that the remedy under § 1581(c) is manifestly inadequate
because the harm it alleges is a loss of its U.S. sales market owing to Commerce’s
failure to accept its questionnaire response. See Pls.’ Mot. at 7–9. However, without
more, harm attributable to a possible abuse of discretion within an investigation is
insufficient to render the remedy afforded by 19 U.S.C. § 1581(c) “manifestly
inadequate.” See Sahaviriya, 33 CIT at 155, 601 F. Supp. 2d at 1368–69 (citations
omitted) (finding the harm attributable to a potentially unauthorized ADD
proceeding insufficient to show that relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c) is
manifestly inadequate). The harm alleged by Plaintiff is incidental to participation
in a CVD investigation, and is likely insufficient to surmount well-established
principles requiring that this court strictly enforce the statutory and administrative
requirements for bringing a cause of action under § 1581(c). As such, it is unlikely
that this court has subject matter jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s complaint.
B. Final Agency Action
Defendant argues that Celik is unlikely to succeed on the merits because its
claim is not ripe. See Def.’s Resp. at 9–12. “Ripeness is a justiciability doctrine
designed ‘to prevent the courts, through avoidance of premature adjudication, from
Court No. 20-03848 Page 10
entangling themselves in abstract disagreements over administrative policies, and
also to protect the agencies from judicial interference until an administrative decision
has been formalized and its effects felt in a concrete way by the challenging parties.’”
Nat’l Park Hospitality Ass’n v. U.S. Dep’t of Interior, 538 U.S. 803, 807–08 (2003).
Even if Plaintiff’s complaint were properly before the court under 28 U.S.C.
§ 1581(i), it is unlikely that there is a viable cause of action because Commerce has
not yet issued its final determination. It is possible that Commerce may reconsider
challenged aspects of its preliminary determination, thus, involving the court at this
juncture risks undue entanglement with the administrative process on the basis of
contingent future events. See, e.g., Thomas v. Union Carbide Agric. Prods. Co., 473
U.S. 568, 580–81 (1985). As such, the court concludes that ripeness concerns weigh
against Plaintiff’s likelihood of succeeding on the merits.
C. Abuse of Discretion
Under 19 C.F.R. § 351.302, Commerce may reject untimely filed factual
submissions. See 19 C.F.R. § 351.302. Commerce has the discretion to set and
enforce its own deadlines to ensure finality, and the court reviews Commerce’s
decision to reject Celik’s submissions for abuse of that discretion. See Bosun Tools
Co. v. United States, 43 CIT __, __, 405 F. Supp. 3d 1359, 1365–66 (2019) (citing
Grobest & I-Mei Industrial (Vietnam) Co. v. United States, 36 CIT 98, 122–23, 815 F.
Supp. 2d 1342, 1365–67 (2012) (“Grobest”); NTN Bearing Corp. v. United States, 74
F.3d 1204, 1207–08 (Fed. Cir. 1995) (“NTN Bearing Corp.”)). Commerce abuses its
Court No. 20-03848 Page 11
discretion when it rejects information that would not be burdensome to incorporate
and which would increase the accuracy of the calculated subsidy rate. See Grobest,
36 CIT at 122–23, 815 F. Supp. 2d at 1365–66; see also NTN Bearing Corp., 74 F.3d
at 1207–08 (holding that Commerce abused its discretion where its decision not to
use a “straightforward mathematical adjustment’’ to correct for certain clerical errors
led to ‘‘the imposition of many millions of dollars in duties not justified under the
statute.’’). Moreover, the court may review Commerce’s decision to ensure that it is
not “treating similar situations in dissimilar ways.” Nakornthai Strip Mill Public Co.
v. United States, 32 CIT 1272, 1276, 587 F. Supp. 2d 1303, 1307 (2008) (citations
omitted).
Plaintiff submits that Commerce abused its discretion in rejecting its
questionnaire responses because Commerce has granted extensions for reasons less
severe than the circumstances surrounding the alleged 87-minute delay that gives
rise to this action. See Pl.’s Mot. at 16–18. Plaintiff’s allegations raise serious
concerns regarding Commerce’s justification for rejecting Plaintiff’s requests for
reconsideration; however, these concerns are insufficient to establish that Plaintiff is
likely to succeed in light of the jurisdictional and ripeness concerns.
II. Irreparable Harm
Plaintiff alleges that without the requested relief it will suffer irreparable
financial and reputational harm and will lose its business in the United States. See
Pl.’s Mot. at 10–12. Defendant contends that it is unclear that Plaintiff’s requested
Court No. 20-03848 Page 12
relief would alleviate any of the alleged harms, and further submits that Plaintiff’s
allegations of financial harm are not actual and imminent, but rather, speculative.
See Def.’s Resp. at 12–17. Plaintiff fails to demonstrate that imminent, irreparable
harm would occur if its motion is denied.
A finding of irreparable harm requires that a Plaintiff demonstrate “a viable
threat of serious harm which cannot be undone.” Zenith Radio Corp., 710 F.2d at
809 (citations omitted). Generally, an allegation of financial loss alone, however
substantial, which is compensable with monetary damages, is not irreparable harm
if such corrective relief will be available at a later date. See Sampson v. Murray, 415
U.S. 61, 90 (1974) (“Sampson”). As such, “[t]he possibility that adequate
compensatory or other corrective relief will be available at a later date, in the
ordinary course of litigation, weighs heavily against a claim of irreparable
harm.” Id. Nevertheless, irreparable harm may take the form of “[p]rice erosion, loss
of goodwill, damage to reputation, and loss of business opportunities.” Celsis
In Vitro, Inc. v. CellzDirect, Inc., 664 F.3d 922, 930 (Fed. Cir. 2012). Substantial loss
of business is irreparable harm because, in addition to the obvious economic injury,
loss of business renders a final judgment ineffective, depriving the movant of
meaningful judicial review. See Doran v. Salem Inn, Inc., 422 U.S. 922, 932 (1975).
Plaintiff offers the affidavit from its Chief Executive Officer, Serdar Seylam, to
support its claim that the failure to obtain the relief it seeks will cause it irreparable
harm. See Pl.’s Mot. at Ex. H. The affidavit states that Celik will lose its U.S.
Court No. 20-03848 Page 13
customer base, which is a significant portion of its business—the loss of which will
affect the employment of its work force, its shareholders, and its future prospects in
the U.S. market. See generally id. Plaintiff claims that its customers have already
communicated that they could not continue doing business with Plaintiff’s U.S. PC
Strand business if the preliminary rates that Commerce assigned “are confirmed in
the final determination.” See Pl.’s Mot. at Ex. H, ¶¶ 11–12. Plaintiff also states that
its U.S. customer has already started looking for an alternate supplier of PC Strand. 6
See Pl.’s Mot. at Ex. H, ¶ 17. Plaintiff provides no other information concerning other
markets or customers. 7 Plaintiff further alleges that if this court does not grant its
motion, it will suffer financial losses in the amount of $96,000 per month. See Pl.’s
Mot. at Ex. H, ¶ 15. However, Plaintiff makes these allegations without citing to any
evidence of its assets and whether or not they are sufficient to cover the costs.
Plaintiff merely states that “[t]he losses will adversely affect our shareholders,
employees and their families.” See Pl.’s Mot. at Ex. H, ¶ 15. Plaintiff offers no
evidence that speaks to the question of whether the alleged harm is unavoidable or
irreparable. Moreover, although financial losses and loss of business opportunities
6 Defendant also avers that Plaintiff’s two months delay in seeking relief undermines
it claim of imminent harm. See Def.’s Resp. at 13. Plaintiff did not explain its delay
in its motion, nor is the basis for the delay obvious to the court.
7 Plaintiff claims that without the requested relief, it “is facing the loss of its entire
U.S. market of PC Strand, which accounts for 70 percent of Celik Halat’s total exports
in 2019.” Compl., ¶ 19. However, Plaintiff does not offer any evidence to support this
statement, nor does it offer any evidence concerning the portion of its business that
is dependent on exports, generally speaking.
Court No. 20-03848 Page 14
can constitute irreparable harm, the losses generally must be more severe than
shown here and be “imminent and unavoidable.” Harmoni Int’l Spice, Inc. v. United
States, 41 CIT __, __, 211 F. Supp 3d 1298, 1308–09 (Ct. Int’l Trade 2017)
(“Harmoni”). Plaintiff’s largely unsubstantiated allegations about potential harm to
its business do not rise to this level of severity.
Additionally, although it argues that it would be unable to afford the bonds
necessary to proceed with the normal administrative and judicial routes to challenge
Commerce’s determination, see Pl.’s Mot. at Ex. H, ¶ 13, Plaintiff offers no support
for the position that it could not secure the capital to fund those bonds from other
sources. See Harmoni, 41 CIT at __, 211 F. Supp. 3d at 1308 (denying a preliminary
injunction where Plaintiff offered no proof that it had exhausted other avenues to
secure capital). Although the need to seek out new markets or resort to alternative
sources of capital might cause an adverse economic impact, the standard for
irreparable harm requires more than an adverse economic impact. See Corus Grp.
PLC v. Bush, 26 CIT 937, 944 (2002), aff'd in part sub nom. Corus Grp. PLC. v. Int'l
Trade Comm'n., 352 F.3d 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2003).
Finally, according to Plaintiff, it has already suffered harm to its reputation in
the U.S. See Pl.’s Mot. at Ex. H, ¶ 16. Although Plaintiff states this harm will be
irreparable absent a grant of its requested relief, see, id., it has done little more than
make this broad-based allegation. Beyond Mr. Seylam’s affidavit, Plaintiff offers no
Court No. 20-03848 Page 15
evidence that Plaintiff’s reputation has been harmed to date, let alone that it will be
irreparably harmed going forward.
III. Balance of Harms
Plaintiff contends that the balance of harms weighs in its favor as it will suffer
the loss of its U.S. sales market if the injunction does not issue. See Pl.’s Mot. at 18–
19. When considering a motion for a preliminary injunction, the court must “balance
the competing claims of injury and must consider the effect” that granting or denying
relief would have on each party. Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S.
7, 24 (2008) (“Winter”). The loss of a significant market may be a significant harm,
but the harm caused by piecemeal appellate review of Commerce’s procedural
determinations is also significant. Interrupting the administrative process and
resorting to the judicial process is not a costless endeavor. There are potential costs
to the government as well as the domestic industry should it be entitled to relief as a
result of the investigation.
Balancing the hardship also requires the court to balance the equities.
See Winter, 555 U.S. at 20. Here, although Plaintiff’s counsel took some precaution
by setting multiple alarms to wake up for the submission, counsel failed to consider
time zone differences. See Pl.’s Mot. at 39. For the reasons given, and in light of the
would-be harm to the government and the domestic injury, the balance of equities
cannot favor Plaintiff whose alleged harms were avoidable.
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IV. Public Interest
Plaintiff requests that this court force Commerce to accept its responses to
Sections B and C of the CVD questionnaire, thus asking the court to grant it the
ultimate relief it seeks. Where a plaintiff requests the “permanent, ultimate relief,”
the public interest may “discourage[] issuance of a preliminary injunction.” See
Cyber Systems, 44 CIT __, Slip Op. 20-130 at 7–8. A preliminary injunction that
asks for the permanent, ultimate relief disrupts the status quo and harms the public
interest where a hearing on the merits later reveals that the facts of the case demand
a contrary conclusion to that provisionally reached in granting the preliminary
injunction. See id. The public interest is served by the review of Commerce’s
procedural determinations upon the review of its final determination. See PPG
Indus., Inc. v. United States, 2 CIT 110, 112–13, 525 F. Supp. 883, 885 (1981)
(discussing the Customs Court Act of 1980).
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons it is
ORDERED that Plaintiff’s motion for a TRO and a preliminary injunction are
denied.
/s/ Claire R. Kelly
Claire R. Kelly, Judge
Dated: December 6, 2020
New York, New York