Opinion issued December 10, 2020
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
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NO. 01-19-00732-CV
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JOSE ANGEL LANDAVERDE, Appellant
V.
JOE D. GUTIERREZ, Appellee
On Appeal from County Civil Court at Law No. 1
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Case No. 1139863
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In this forcible detainer action, the appellant, Jose Angel Landaverde,
challenges the judgment of County Civil Court at Law No. 1, awarding possession
of a certain apartment to the appellee, Joe D. Gutierrez. On appeal, Landaverde
asserts that the county civil court at law erred in awarding possession to Gutierrez.
Because the clerk’s record does not support Landaverde’s claims, and there is no
reporter’s record of the proceedings, we presume that the evidence supported the
court’s judgment. We affirm.
Background
In January 2018, Gutierrez, as the lessor, and Landaverde, the lessee, entered
into a month-to-month lease for a property described as “8122 Lynn St. Apt. 7”
(Apartment 7). Landaverde was obligated to pay $550 per month in rent, due on the
5th of each month, and was responsible for damages he caused and for upkeep of the
premises. The lease for Apartment 7 stated that it could be “terminated at any time
by either party hereto by giving the other party not less than one full month’s prior
notice in writing.”
Landaverde’s pleadings assert that in June 2019, he asked Gutierrez for
permission to move to Apartment 4, and Gutierrez agreed. Nothing in the clerk’s
record indicates that the parties had a written lease or other agreement regarding
Apartment 4. The parties’ pleadings then contain contradictory accounts of
subsequent events. Landaverde alleged that after he moved into Apartment 4, he
realized the apartment was in terrible condition and needed extensive repairs.
Landaverde alleged that he discussed the condition of Apartment 4 with Gutierrez
and requested that Gutierrez make repairs, and, in retaliation for requesting these
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repairs, Gutierrez sought to evict him.1 Gutierrez, on the other hand, alleged that
neither Apartment 4 nor Apartment 7 had been in a state of disrepair prior to
Landaverde’s living there. To the extent there had been damage, Gutierrez alleged
that it had been done by Landaverde. Gutierrez further alleged that Landaverde had
failed to make rental payments and that Landaverde had made threats to other tenants
on the premises, causing Gutierrez to initiate eviction proceedings.
The clerk’s record contains a notice dated June 17, 2019, giving Landaverde
notice to vacate Apartment 4 and stating that the “owner want[s] possession.”
Gutierrez filed his eviction petition in the justice of the peace court on July 22, 2019.
The case was then appealed to county civil court at law for a de novo trial. See Black
v. Wash. Mut. Bank, 318 S.W.3d 414, 416 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010,
pet. dism’d w.o.j.) (“A forcible detainer suit may be appealed to the county court for
a de novo review.”).
On September 24, 2019, the county civil court at law awarded Gutierrez
possession of Apartment 4. The court reporter notified this Court that no reporter’s
record was made of the proceedings in the county civil court at law. This appeal
followed.
1
Landaverde also filed a counter-petition seeking money damages; however, the sole
issue in a forcible detainer action is who has the right to immediate possession of
the premises. See Coinmach Corp. v. Aspenwood Apt. Corp., 417 S.W.3d 909, 919
(Tex. 2013).
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Forcible Detainer
Forcible detainer actions are “intended to be a speedy, simple, and
inexpensive means to obtain immediate possession of property,” and, thus, “[t]he
only issue in a forcible detainer action is the right to actual possession of the
premises.” Coinmach Corp. v. Aspenwood Apt. Corp., 417 S.W.3d 909, 919 (Tex.
2013) (quoting Marshall v. Hous. Auth. of the City of San Antonio, 198 S.W.3d 782,
785 (Tex. 2006)). “The judgment in a forcible detainer action is a final determination
only ‘of the right to immediate possession,’” but it is not “a final determination of
whether the eviction is wrongful. . . .” Id.
In his sole issue on appeal, Landaverde asserts that the county civil court at
law abused its discretion in awarding Gutierrez possession of the premises. He
argues that Gutierrez failed to provide the notice required by the Property Code,2
that Gutierrez waived the right to evict Landaverde, and that the eviction proceeding
was an illegal act of retaliation based on Landaverde’s request that Gutierrez repair
2
Landaverde cites, in part, Property Code section 91.001, which governs notice
required in forcible detainer actions when a landlord files suit on the grounds that
the tenant is holding over beyond the end of the rental term or renewal period. See
TEX. PROP. CODE § 91.001. Gutierrez did not allege that Landaverde was holding
over beyond the end of the rental term or renewal period. Landaverde also cites
section 24.005(a), which requires that a landlord to give a tenant who defaults or
holds over beyond the end of the rental term at least three days’ written notice to
vacate the premises before filing a forcible detainer action “unless the parties have
contracted for a shorter or longer notice period in a written lease or agreement.” Id.
§ 24.005(a). The written notice to vacate in the record is dated more than thirty days
before the date the petition for eviction was filed.
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the property. He cites the evidence he presented at the trial in support of his
arguments, and he argues that Gutierrez committed perjury in the trial court.
However, there is no reporter’s record in this case.
When there is no reporter’s record, we indulge every presumption in favor of
the trial court’s findings. Bryant v. United Shortline Inc. Assurance Servs., N.A., 972
S.W.2d 26, 31 (Tex. 1998); Curry v. Tex. Dep’t of Public Safety, 472 S.W.3d 345,
350 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2015, no pet.); see also Bennett v. Cochran, 96
S.W.3d 227, 230 (Tex. 2002) (“The court of appeals was correct in holding that,
absent a complete record on appeal, it must presume the omitted items supported the
trial court’s judgment.”); Sareen v. Sareen, 350 S.W.3d 314, 317 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 2011, no pet.) (“[W]ithout a complete reporter’s record, it is impossible to
review all the evidence presented to the trier of fact or to apply the appropriate
sufficiency standards.”); Willms v. Ams. Tire Co., Inc., 190 S.W.3d 796, 803 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 2006, pet. denied) (“[W]hen an appellant fails to bring a reporter’s
record, an appellate court must presume the evidence presented was sufficient to
support the trial court’s order.”).
Nothing in the clerk’s record supports Landaverde’s claim that he did not
receive notice to vacate. The record contains a notice dated June 17, 2019, more than
thirty days before Gutierrez filed the underlying eviction petition, and Landaverde’s
own answer and other pleadings acknowledge that he actually received this notice
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on that day. Because there is no reporter’s record, we must presume that the
testimony and other evidence presented to the county court at law was sufficient to
support the court’s order awarding possession of the premises to Gutierrez. See
Bryant, 972 S.W.2d at 31; Willms, 190 S.W.3d at 803. Without a record it is
impossible for this Court to review the sufficiency of the evidence supporting
Landaverde’s remaining claims contesting the notice, asserting that Gutierrez
waived his right to evict Landaverde, or seeking relief on the basis that the eviction
was retaliatory in nature. See Sareen, 350 S.W.3d at 317.
We overrule Landaverde’s sole appellate issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Richard Hightower
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Keyes, Hightower, and Countiss.
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