Munoz v. Bulley & Andrews, LLC

2021 IL App (1st) 200254
No. 1-20-0254
Filed February 10, 2021
Third Division
______________________________________________________________________________

IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIRST DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
DONOVAN MUNOZ, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellant, ) Cook County
)
v. )
)
BULLEY & ANDREWS, LLC; BEHRINGER ) No. 19 L 3878
HARVARD SOUTH RIVERSIDE, LLC; and RAR2-222 )
SOUTH RIVERSIDE, LLC, )
)
Defendants, ) Honorable
) Daniel T. Gillespie,
(Bulley & Andrews, LLC, Defendant-Appellee). ) Judge presiding

JUSTICE BURKE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Presiding Justice Howse and Justice McBride concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶1 Defendant Bulley & Andrews, LLC (Bulley LLC) entered into a contract with building

owner RAR2-222 South Riverside, LLC (South Riverside) to be the construction manager on a

construction project at the building. As per the contract, Bulley LLC obtained a workers’

compensation insurance policy for its employees as well as the employees of Bulley & Andrews

Concrete Restoration, LLC (Bulley Concrete), its wholly owned subsidiary, which contained a
Filed February 10, 2021

$250,000 deductible. Plaintiff Donovan Munoz, an employee of Bulley Concrete, injured his back

while working on the project. Because of his injury, Bulley LLC provided plaintiff with workers’

compensation benefits, including paying over $76,000 worth of his medical bills. Later, plaintiff

sued Bulley LLC for his injuries. On Bulley LLC’s motion, the circuit court dismissed plaintiff’s

lawsuit, finding that Bulley LLC was immune from the lawsuit under the exclusive remedy

provisions of the Workers’ Compensation Act (Act) (820 ILCS 305/5(a), 11 (West 2018)).

¶2 Plaintiff now appeals the circuit court’s dismissal order and contends that, because Bulley

LLC was not his employer, it was not immune from a lawsuit under the exclusive remedy

provisions of the Act. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

¶3 I. BACKGROUND

¶4 South Riverside owned a building located at 222 South Riverside in Chicago. In March

2015, South Riverside executed an agreement with Bulley LLC to be the construction manager

on a project at the building. Under the agreement, Bulley LLC was required to

“purchase from and maintain in a company or companies lawfully authorized to do

business in the jurisdiction in which the Project is located such insurance as will

protect the Contractor from claims set forth below which may arise out of or result

from the Contractor’s operations and completed operations under the Contract and

for which the Contractor may be legally liable, whether such operations be by the

Contractor or by a Subcontractor or by anyone directly or indirectly employed by

any of them, or by anyone for whose acts any of them may be liable.”

This included “[c]laims under workers’ compensation, disability benefit and other similar

employee benefit acts that are applicable to the Work performed.”

-2-
Filed February 10, 2021

¶5 Prior to beginning the work, Bulley LLC procured workers’ compensation insurance for

the project from Arch Insurance Group. The workers’ compensation policy named both Bulley

LLC and Bulley Concrete, among others, as insureds and had a $250,000 deductible. Although

Bulley Concrete was a wholly owned subsidiary of Bulley LLC, the companies had different

presidents, employed different people, and had different specialties. As part of the scope of work

for the project, Bulley LLC agreed to perform much of the concrete work itself, but no language

to this effect was included in the contract between it and South Riverside. For that concrete work,

Bulley LLC used employees of Bulley Concrete, including plaintiff. Though Bulley LLC executed

contracts with various subcontractors for work on the construction project, it did not execute one

with Bulley Concrete.

¶6 In early December 2016, workers had placed blankets on top of freshly poured concrete to

prevent it from freezing. Recent precipitation, however, had caused the blankets to become

waterlogged and heavier than usual. On December 4, 2016, plaintiff was working at the building,

went to pull off one of these blankets, and injured his back. Later that month, plaintiff filed a

workers’ compensation claim, and pursuant to its workers’ compensation policy, Bulley LLC

began paying out of pocket for plaintiff’s medical bills, which it continued to do into 2019.

¶7 In April 2019, plaintiff sued Bulley LLC, South Riverside, and Behringer Harvard South

Riverside, LLC, another company that allegedly owned, operated, and maintained the building.

Plaintiff asserted that, at the time of his injury, he was an employee of Bulley Concrete, which he

claimed was a subcontractor of Bulley LLC on the project. Plaintiff alleged that the blankets placed

on top of the concrete were worn out and riddled with holes, which allowed the water penetration.

This, according to plaintiff, caused the blankets to become unreasonably dangerous to be moved

-3-
Filed February 10, 2021

manually. Because of the alleged unreasonable danger, plaintiff raised two counts of negligence

and sought damages in excess of $50,000.

¶8 Thereafter, Bulley LLC filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to section 2-619(a)(9) of the

Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2018)), arguing that both counts

were barred by the exclusive remedy provisions of the Act (820 ILCS 305/5(a), 11 (West 2018))

because it had a preexisting legal obligation to pay for plaintiff’s workers’ compensation benefits

and it did so by paying more than $76,000 of his medical bills. Bulley LLC included with its

motion an affidavit from Greg Marquez, its safety director, who averred to the supporting facts in

its motion, as well as a list of medical payments from it to plaintiff’s medical providers totaling

over $76,000 from December 2016 until June 2019.

¶9 In response, plaintiff asserted that he made a workers’ compensation claim against Bulley

Concrete, his employer, and accordingly did not name it as a defendant in the lawsuit. Plaintiff

noted that, although Bulley Concrete was a wholly owned subsidiary of Bulley LLC, they were

nevertheless distinct entities. Plaintiff argued that a parent company was not shielded from a

lawsuit by an injured employee of its subsidiary, and thus, the Act did not bar his lawsuit against

Bulley LLC. For support, plaintiff attached a deposition of Marquez, which contained, as an

exhibit, the Arch insurance policy. In Bulley LLC’s reply, it attached the contract between it and

South Riverside.

¶ 10 Following the parties’ briefings, the circuit court entered a written order on Bulley LLC’s

motion to dismiss. The court observed that the contract between Bulley LLC and South Riverside

obligated Bulley LLC to pay for the workers’ compensation insurance and benefits for Bulley

Concrete’s employees. Because Bulley LLC was legally obligated to pay for the workers’

compensation benefits that plaintiff received, and there was no evidence that Bulley Concrete was

-4-
Filed February 10, 2021

self-insured or that Bulley LLC had the option to reimburse Bulley Concrete for any payments that

Bulley Concrete may have made, the court granted Bulley LLC’s motion to dismiss with prejudice.

The court added that there was no just reason to delay appeal (see Ill. S. Ct. R. 304(a) (eff. Mar. 8,

2016)), and plaintiff timely appealed.

¶ 11 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 12 Plaintiff contends that—because Bulley Concrete was his employer, not Bulley LLC—the

exclusive remedy provisions of the Act did not bar him from suing Bulley LLC. He therefore

argues that the circuit court improperly granted Bulley LLC’s motion to dismiss.

¶ 13 A motion to dismiss under section 2-619 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2018))

admits the legal sufficiency of the complaint but asserts that certain defects, defenses, or other

affirmative matters appearing outside the pleadings act to defeat the claims. Sandholm v. Kuecker,

2012 IL 111443, ¶ 55. In analyzing a section 2-619 motion, the circuit court is required to accept

all well-pled facts in the complaint as true, as well as any reasonable inferences from those facts.

Id. All pleadings and supporting documents must be construed in the light most favorable to the

nonmoving party. Id. The critical inquiry is “whether the existence of a genuine issue of material

fact should have precluded the dismissal or, absent such an issue of fact, whether dismissal is

proper as a matter of law.” Kedzie & 103rd Currency Exchange, Inc. v. Hodge, 156 Ill. 2d 112,

116-17 (1993). We review a motion to dismiss de novo. Smith v. Waukegan Park District, 231 Ill.

2d 111, 115 (2008).

¶ 14 Our legislature enacted the Act to establish “a new framework for recovery to replace the

common-law rights and liabilities that previously governed employee injuries.” Folta v. Ferro

Engineering, 2015 IL 118070, ¶ 11. The legislation created a no-fault system of liability upon the

employer, in exchange for the employee being statutorily limited in his recovery for injuries arising

-5-
Filed February 10, 2021

out of his employment. Id. ¶ 12. To this end, the Act contains “an exclusive remedy provision as

part of the quid pro quo which balances the sacrifices and gains of employees and employers.” Id.

The exclusive remedy provisions is provided for in two sections of the Act. First, in relevant part,

section 5(a) of the Act states:

“No common law or statutory right to recover damages from the employer *** for

injury or death sustained by any employee while engaged in the line of his duty as

such employee, other than the compensation herein provided, is available to any

employee who is covered by the provisions of this Act ***.” 820 ILCS 305/5(a)

(West 2018).

Additionally, section 11 of the Act states:

“The compensation herein provided, together with the provisions of this Act, shall

be the measure of the responsibility of any employer engaged in any of the

enterprises or businesses enumerated in Section 3 of this Act, or of any employer

who is not engaged in any such enterprises or businesses, but who has elected to

provide and pay compensation for accidental injuries sustained by any employee

arising out of and in the course of the employment according to the provisions of

this Act ***.” Id. § 11.

Because of these provisions, the Act generally provides the exclusive remedy for an

employee to recover against his employer for injuries arising out of the course of his

employment. Folta, 2015 IL 118070, ¶ 14.

¶ 15 Plaintiff does not dispute that, on December 4, 2016, he was considered an employee under

the Act and that he sustained his injury while engaged in the line of duty as such an employee. In

other words, he does not dispute that he was under the purview of the Act. Rather, he argues that,

-6-
Filed February 10, 2021

because Bulley LLC was not his direct employer, it does not enjoy the immunity afforded by the

exclusive remedy provisions.

¶ 16 According to the Act, an employer is defined as:

“Every person, firm, public or private corporation[ ] *** who has any person in

service or under any contract for hire, express or implied, oral or written, and who

is engaged in any of the enterprises or businesses enumerated in Section 3 of this

Act, or who at or prior to the time of the accident to the employee for which

compensation under this Act may be claimed, has in the manner provided in this

Act elected to become subject to the provisions of this Act, and who has not, prior

to such accident, effected a withdrawal of such election in the manner provided in

this Act.

*** Any one engaging in any business or enterprise referred to in

subsections 1 and 2 of Section 3 of this Act who undertakes to do any work

enumerated therein, is liable to pay compensation to his own immediate employees

in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and in addition thereto if he directly

or indirectly engages any contractor whether principal or sub-contractor to do any

such work, he is liable to pay compensation to the employees of any such contractor

or sub-contractor unless such contractor or sub-contractor has insured, in any

company or association authorized under the laws of this State to insure the liability

to pay compensation under this Act, or guaranteed his liability to pay such

compensation.” 820 ILCS 305/1(a)(2), (3) (West 2018).

-7-
Filed February 10, 2021

Subsections 1 and 2 of section 3 include such enterprises or businesses as “maintaining,

removing, remodeling, altering or demolishing of any structure” and “[c]onstruction.” Id.

§ 3(1), (2).

¶ 17 In arguing that Bulley LLC was not his employer, plaintiff highlights Laffoon v. Bell &

Zoller Coal Co., 65 Ill. 2d 437 (1976). In Laffoon, three employees of different subcontractors

were injured, but the subcontractors did not provide them with workers’ compensation insurance,

which resulted in the general contractors being responsible for their workers’ compensation claims.

Id. at 441-43. Later, the workers sued the general contractors, but all three lawsuits were dismissed

in favor of the general contractors. Id. The cases were consolidated before our supreme court, and

the question presented was whether the exclusive remedy provisions of the Act provided the

general contractors with immunity from litigation, given that they had become responsible for the

workers’ compensation claims. Id. at 443. The court held that it had to interpret the exclusive

remedy provisions “as conferring immunity upon employers only from common law or statutory

actions for damages by their immediate employees” and “[t]o hold otherwise in light of the present

factual situations would be violative of the injured employee’s right to due process and equal

protection of the laws.” Id. at 447. In other words, our supreme court found that a general

contractor did not become an injured worker’s employer for purposes of the Act merely because

it paid workers’ compensation benefits. Statewide Insurance Co. v. Brendan Construction Co.,

218 Ill. App. 3d 1055, 1060 (1991).

¶ 18 Approximately 30 years after Laffoon, in Ioerger v. Halverson Construction Co., 232 Ill.

2d 196 (2008), our supreme court heard a case involving a joint venture. Midwest Foundation

Corporation (Midwest) and Halverson Construction Company (Halverson) agreed to form a joint

venture for a construction project. Id. at 198-99. The agreement stipulated that Midwest would be

-8-
Filed February 10, 2021

initially responsible for obtaining workers’ compensation insurance but it would be reimbursed by

the joint venture itself at a later date. Id. at 199. Multiple workers were injured while working on

the construction project, and while they obtained workers’ compensation benefits through

Midwest’s insurer, they also sued Halverson and the joint venture itself for damages. Id. at 200.

The case reached our supreme court, where the question presented was whether the exclusive

remedy provisions of the Act barred lawsuits against Halverson and the joint venture itself. Id. at

198.

¶ 19 Initially, our supreme court found that the provisions barred litigation against Halverson

under agency principles. Id. at 202. The court then turned to the joint venture and found the same

for two different reasons—first, because the joint venture was legally inseparable from its

constituent entities. Id. at 202-03. But the court also found that the provisions barred litigation

against the joint venture because of the principles underlying the remedial scheme of the Act. Id.

at 203. The court observed that “subjecting a party to tort liability for an employee’s injuries

notwithstanding the fact that the party has borne the costs of the injured employee’s workers’

compensation insurance would be the same as declaring that a party who has paid for the cake may

neither keep it nor eat it.” Id. As such, “the immunity afforded by the Act’s exclusive remedy

provisions is predicated on the simple proposition that one who bears the burden of furnishing

workers’ compensation benefits for an injured employee should not also have to answer to that

employee for civil damages in court.” Id. Because the joint venture was the entity ultimately

responsible for paying the workers’ compensation premiums and making benefits available to any

injured workers, “it was entitled to avail itself of the Act’s exclusive remedy provisions.” Id. at

204.

-9-
Filed February 10, 2021

¶ 20 Following Ioerger, this court issued a decision in Burge v. Exelon Generation Co., 2015

IL App (2d) 141090, ¶ 2, where the plaintiff worked for Exelon Nuclear Security, LLC (ENS),

which was a wholly owned subsidiary of the defendant, Exelon Generation Company (Exelon).

The plaintiff was injured while providing security services for ENS on Exelon’s premises. Id.

Following the injury, the plaintiff filed a claim for workers’ compensation benefits against ENS,

which was settled and paid for by Exelon. Then, he sued Exelon. Id. ¶¶ 2, 10. Exelon filed a motion

to dismiss, arguing that it had engaged ENS as a contractor and it was the one who paid for the

plaintiff’s workers’ compensation benefits. Thus, Exelon argued, it was immune from litigation

under the exclusive remedy provisions of the Act. Id. ¶ 4. In support, Exelon provided an affidavit

from its workers’ compensation manager, who averred that Exelon used a third-party

administrator/payor for workers’ compensation benefits, and it had paid for all workers’

compensation benefits for the plaintiff and other employees of ENS. Id. ¶ 5. In a supplemental

affidavit, the workers’ compensation manager stated that ENS was self-insured and that Exelon

paid workers’ compensation benefits, including to the plaintiff, on a reimbursement basis, in

accordance with ENS’s limited liability company agreement. Id. ¶ 6. The circuit court agreed with

Exelon and granted its motion to dismiss. Id. ¶ 1.

¶ 21 On appeal, this court initially rejected Exelon’s argument that it was immune under the

Act’s exclusive remedy provisions as an agent of ENS and then moved on to discuss the potential

immunity based upon Exelon paying for the plaintiff’s workers’ compensation settlement. Id. ¶¶ 9-

10. This court analyzed Ioerger and determined that the reasoning of Ioerger “depends on the

existence of some preexisting legal obligation to pay, or reimburse another payor, for

compensation due under the Act or for premiums for workers’ compensation insurance.” Id. ¶ 14.

In other words, “immunity under [exclusive remedy provisions] cannot be predicated on [a]

- 10 -
Filed February 10, 2021

defendant’s payment of workers’ compensation unless [the] defendant was under some legal

obligation to pay (such as the contractual obligation imposed by the joint-venture agreement in

Ioerger).” Id. ¶ 15. With its discussion of Ioerger complete, the court turned to the facts of its case

and found that Exelon’s affidavits were insufficient proof that it had a legal obligation to pay for

the workers’ compensation benefits. Id. This was because the affidavits were conclusory about

Exelon’s actual payment of benefits to the plaintiff and the limited liability company agreement

that Exelon relied on for proof said “nothing about the obligation to provide workers’

compensation insurance for ENS’s employees.” Id. ¶ 17. Consequently, this court found that

Exelon failed to establish a basis for immunity under the exclusive remedy provisions, and the

circuit court erred in granting the motion to dismiss. Id. ¶ 18.

¶ 22 With these decisions in mind, we turn to the instant case, which we find factually similar

to Burge, except that Bulley LLC has sufficiently proven it had a preexisting legal obligation to

pay for workers’ compensation benefits of Bulley Concrete’s employees, including plaintiff. As

discussed, South Riverside executed an agreement with Bulley LLC to be the construction

manager on a project at the building. As part of that agreement, Bulley LLC was required to obtain

various insurance policies—including workers’ compensation insurance—to cover it, a

subcontractor, or “anyone directly or indirectly employed by any of them.” To this end, Bulley

LLC obtained workers’ compensation insurance that designated it and Bulley Concrete, among

others, as named insureds. After plaintiff injured his back while working on the project, he filed a

claim for workers’ compensation, which resulted in Bulley LLC paying over $76,000 worth of his

medical bills, as they were obligated to do under the contract with South Riverside and the Arch

insurance policy. These facts were proven though the contract between it and South Riverside, the

Arch insurance policy, as well as the list of medical payments from it to plaintiff’s medical

- 11 -
Filed February 10, 2021

providers. “[T]he immunity afforded by the Act’s exclusive remedy provisions is predicated on

the simple proposition that one who bears the burden of furnishing workers’ compensation benefits

for an injured employee should not also have to answer to that employee for civil damages in

court.” Ioerger, 232 Ill. 2d at 203. Despite the fact that Bulley LLC was not the direct employer

of plaintiff, as it bore the burden of furnishing workers’ compensation benefits for plaintiff, it was

entitled to avail itself to the exclusive remedy provisions of the Act. See id. at 204.

¶ 23 Although we agree that the instant case is also similar factually to Laffoon, our supreme

court in that case did not have to consider a preexisting contractual obligation to provide workers’

compensation benefits under the facts of the case because there was no evidence that the general

contractors had preexisting legal obligations to pay for workers’ compensation insurance. And,

indeed, in Laffoon, 65 Ill. 2d at 447, our supreme court was concerned about the “factual

situation[ ]” presented in the case. The situation from Laffoon is not present here because Bulley

LLC had a preexisting legal obligation to pay for workers’ compensation insurance and any

benefits that may result by virtue of the contract it executed with South Riverside. Consequently,

the circuit court correctly found that the exclusive remedy provisions of the Act barred the lawsuit

by plaintiff against Bulley LLC and properly granted Bulley LLC’s motion to dismiss.

¶ 24 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 25 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County.

¶ 26 Affirmed.

- 12 -
Filed February 10, 2021

No. 1-20-0254

Cite as: Munoz v. Bulley & Andrews, LLC, 2021 IL App (1st) 200254

Decision Under Review: Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 19-L-3878;
the Hon. Daniel T. Gillespie, Judge, presiding.

Attorneys Milo W. Lundblad, of Brustin & Lundblad, Ltd., of Chicago, for
for appellant.
Appellant:

Attorneys Patricia J. Hogan, Henry Ortiz, and James F. Maruna,
for of Cassiday Schade LLP, of Chicago, for appellee.
Appellee:

- 13 -