J-A04031-21
2021 PA Super 45
RUSSELL E. FAILOR, JR., AND CATHY : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
FAILOR : PENNSYLVANIA
:
Appellants :
:
:
v. :
:
: No. 3491 EDA 2019
FEDEX GROUND PACKAGE SYSTEM, :
INC. :
Appeal from the Order Entered November 6, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at
No(s): No. 181201881
BEFORE: STABILE, J., KING, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
OPINION BY PELLEGRINI, J.: FILED MARCH 17, 2021
Russell E. Failor, Jr. (Failor), and Cathy Failor (collectively, the Failors)
appeal from the November 6, 2019 order in the Court of Common Pleas of
Philadelphia County (trial court) dismissing their personal injury lawsuit
against FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. (FedEx Ground) pursuant to
Section 5322(e) of the Uniform Interstate and International Procedure Act.
See 42 Pa.C.S. § 5322(e).1 The Failors contend that the trial court abused its
discretion in dismissing their claim because FedEx Ground did not establish
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
142 Pa.C.S. § 5322 (e) provides “When a tribunal finds that in the interest of
substantial justice the matter should be heard in another forum, the tribunal
may stay or dismiss the matter in whole or in part on any conditions that may
be just.”
J-A04031-21
that Pennsylvania is an inconvenient forum for it. After our careful review, we
vacate the order dismissing the Failors’ case.
I.
The following background facts and procedural history are taken from
our independent review of the certified record and the trial court’s June 22,
2020 opinion. For the purposes of this appeal, those facts are not in dispute.
A.
On December 17, 2018, the Failors, residents of Perry County,
Pennsylvania, filed a complaint against FedEx Ground in the Philadelphia
County trial court. The complaint states that FedEx Ground maintains its
principal place of business in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and regularly
conducts business throughout the United States, including in Pennsylvania,
specifically maintaining a shipping facility in Philadelphia County.
The complaint alleged that Failor was a tractor-trailer driver for an
independent contractor that had contracted to haul freight for FedEx Ground
between Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland and Lewisberry, York
County, Pennsylvania. On June 28, 2018, while at FedEx Ground’s
Hagerstown facility, Failor slipped and fell on an unknown liquid substance on
the rear end of a FedEx Ground trailer, sustaining injuries. He notified FedEx
Ground employee, Shelley DePriest, who created an accident report and took
pictures of the scene on his phone. Failor received a ride back to Pennsylvania
after his injury and went to the emergency room in Mechanicsburg,
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Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Doctors diagnosed Failor with a fractured
right ankle and he underwent surgery in Hershey, Dauphin County,
Pennsylvania, where he continues to receive treatment. He was unable to
return to work.
B.
FedEx Ground filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 5322(e)
seeking dismissal for forum non conveniens. Alternatively, it requested that
the case be transferred to Perry County, Pennsylvania for forum non
conveniens pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1006(d)(1).
In support of its motion to dismiss, it alleged that:
29. The incident giving rise to this suit occurred in Washington
County, Maryland and this matter has no contact with or
connection to Philadelphia County.
30. The sources of proof relative to the subject incident are located
in Washington County, Maryland and Perry County, Pennsylvania.
31. Trial of this matter in Philadelphia County will not be easy,
expeditious, or inexpensive.
32. The FedEx Ground employee(s) involved in this incident with
first-hand knowledge of the events are employed in and around
Washington County, Maryland.
33. The parties and non-party witnesses can more effectively,
economically, and conveniently present their evidence and
witnesses in Washington County, Maryland.
* * *
35. Moreover, it is common knowledge that the Philadelphia courts
are inundated with litigation.
3
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(Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 5322(e), 4/04/19, at 5-6)
(pagination provided).
FedEx Ground also provided an affidavit by Shelley DePriest in which
she represented that she was the senior manager of line haul at the Fed
Ground Hagerstown, Maryland facility where Failor alleged he was injured.
She stated that she lived in Franklin County, Pennsylvania,2 approximately
three hours from Philadelphia, and that, as a single mother, it would be
inconvenient and costly for her to attend a trial in Philadelphia County and she
would not be willing to attend a trial there.
Later, in a supplemental brief, FedEx Ground also represented that Ms.
DePriest left employment with FedEx Ground after providing her affidavit.
FedEx Ground also appended to that brief the affidavits of employees Tracy
White and Tom Belasco. In his affidavit, Mr. White represented that he worked
at FedEx Ground’s Winchester, Virginia plant, but on the date of Failor’s
incident, he worked as a line haul manager for FedEx Ground’s Hagerstown
facility. The affidavit asserted that it would be inconvenient and costly for him
to attend a trial in Philadelphia County, would involve a significant time
commitment, that he would not be willing to attend a trial in that location and
____________________________________________
2There is no dispute that Ms. DePriest now lives in Virginia and she no longer
works for FedEx Ground.
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that it would be “far more convenient and economical” to attend trial in either
Washington County, Maryland or Perry County, Pennsylvania.
Mr. Belasco’s affidavit stated that since Ms. DePriest left her FedEx
Ground employment, he was the line haul manager at FedEx Ground’s
Hagerstown facility; that he resided in Boonsboro, Maryland, approximately
three-and-one-half hours from Philadelphia; that attending trial in Philadelphia
would be inconvenient and costly; and that he would not be willing to attend
a trial there as it would be much more convenient and economical to attend a
trial in Perry County, Pennsylvania or Washington County, Maryland.
Paragraphs nine through twelve of his affidavit stated that Ms. DePriest
could not be compelled to testify since she is no longer a FedEx Ground
employee and that this would adversely affect FedEx Ground’s defense of this
matter and would be inconvenient and costly for members of the cleaning and
maintenance staff to attend trial in Philadelphia because they live in or around
Hagerstown. Finally, the affidavit stated that the absence of Mr. Belasco and
other members of his staff would be oppressive and vexatious to the
Hagerstown, Maryland operations.
Furthermore, in its supplemental brief, FedEx Ground argued that its
only connection to Philadelphia County is that it has a shipping facility there;
the site of the underlying incident occurred in Hagerstown, Maryland; the
Failors’ residence and the medical providers were in another Pennsylvania
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county; and that the known FedEx Ground or non-party witnesses reside in or
near Hagerstown, Pennsylvania.
C.
In response to FedEx Ground’s motion to dismiss, the Failors admitted
that Failor received medical treatment in Harrisburg and Hershey,
Pennsylvania, and they noted that the only thing in Washington County,
Maryland relative to this litigation is the empty trailer lot where Failor fell.
They maintained that FedEx Ground regularly conducts business in
Philadelphia in receiving and sending packages and that Philadelphia courts
are more than capable of handling the high case volume.
The Failors noticed the depositions of Ms. DePriest, Mr. White and Mr.
Belasco. During discussions between counsel, they confirmed that Ms.
DePriest was no longer employed with FedEx Ground and that she now lives
in Virginia. She did not appear for her deposition, but the Failors did depose
Mr. White and Mr. Belasco.
At his deposition, Mr. White admitted that he has no personal knowledge
of the Failor incident. Mr. White stated that he did not know how far it was
from his West Virginia home to Philadelphia, only that it was a couple of hours
away. Contrary to the affidavit’s language, he admitted that he would attend
a trial in Philadelphia if subpoenaed to do so and that it would be inconvenient
whether the trial was held there or in Hagerstown, Maryland. Despite the
inconvenience of attending a trial in Philadelphia because of his work schedule
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and daughter’s extracurricular activities, Mr. White admitted he could make
other arrangements if required to do so.
In his deposition, Mr. Belasco testified that he took over the position of
line haul manager after Ms. DePriest left the company. He conceded that
FedEx Ground’s attorney prepared his affidavit and he signed it without
making any changes, although he did not actually know if paragraphs nine
through thirteen were correct. Specifically, he did not know if Ms. DePriest
could be compelled to testify at trial or if her absence would adversely affect
FedEx Ground’s defense, whether it would be inconvenient for the cleaning
staff to attend trial in Philadelphia, or if trial in Philadelphia would be
oppressive and vexatious since he did not know what “vexatious” meant and
he only meant that attending trial in Philadelphia would be inconvenient.
Although he testified that it was three-and-one-half hours from his home
in Boonsboro, Maryland to Philadelphia, he admitted that this estimate was in
the affidavit when he received it from counsel. He did not disagree that Google
Maps showed the distance was two hours and forty-five minutes. He admitted
that he would appear to testify if he were subpoenaed to do so and that the
inconvenience was the distance to Philadelphia. Mr. Belasco stated that any
information he could provide could also be provided by Mr. White since it would
be about FedEx Ground policies and procedures at the Hagerstown facility, not
the Failor incident, since he was not there at the time of its occurrence.
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D.
Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 5322(e), the trial court granted FedEx Ground’s
motion and dismissed the Failors’ complaint without prejudice to be re-filed in
Maryland or other appropriate jurisdiction.3 The trial court reasoned that:
The facts of this case strongly favor dismissal pursuant to
§ 5322(e) and transfer to Maryland. Plaintiff’s slip and fall incident
occurred at Defendant’s facility located in Hagerstown, Maryland.
Plaintiffs reside in Perry County, Pennsylvania, which is
approximately 130 miles from Philadelphia and approximately 70
miles from Hagerstown, Maryland. Plaintiff has not received any
medical treatment in Philadelphia relative to injuries allegedly
sustained as a result of the incident. Rather, Plaintiff received all
of his medical treatment in either Dauphin County or Cumberland
County, Pennsylvania. The known potential witnesses with
firsthand knowledge of the incident or the premises thereon are
either former or current employees for FedEx Ground at the
Hagerstown, Maryland facility. Specifically, in addition to Plaintiff,
it is apparent from the record that there are three individuals who
the parties may potentially call as witnesses: Shelley DePriest,
Tracy White, and Tom Belasco. All three individuals reside near
Hagerstown, Maryland.[a] The facts make it clear that the
majority, if not all, of the potential witnesses and sources of proof
with any connection to the underlying case either reside or are
located near Hagerstown, Maryland, thereby establishing
Maryland as a more convenient forum where the litigation could
be conducted more easily, expeditiously, and inexpensively.
It is undisputed that Tracy White resides in Falling Waters,
[a]
West Virginia, which is approximately 190 miles from
Philadelphia and approximately 13 miles from Hagerstown,
Maryland. Similarly, it is undisputed that Tom Belasco
resides in Boonsboro, Maryland, which is approximately 170
miles from Philadelphia and approximately 11 miles from
Maryland. Defendant submitted an affidavit signed by
____________________________________________
3 The court made no finding as to FedEx Ground’s alternative request to
transfer the case for forum non conveniens pursuant to Rule 1006(d)(1).
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Shelley DePriest to which she affirmed that she resides in
Franklin County, Pennsylvania, which is approximately 160
miles from Philadelphia and approximately 22 miles from
Hagerstown, Maryland. Plaintiffs contend that Ms. DePriest
moved to Virginia and thus aver that Ms. DePriest’s affidavit
is no longer accurate. However, Plaintiffs fail to present this
[c]ourt with any evidence in regard to whether Ms. DePriest
has in fact moved to Virginia, and if so, where in Virginia she
currently resides.
Plaintiffs aver that Defendant conducts “relevant corporate
actions” in Philadelphia that justify denial of a motion under forum
non conveniens. However, the fact that Defendant conducts such
business in Philadelphia seems to be the only connection that a
Philadelphia jury would have to the instant case. … Washington
County, Maryland, is available as an alternative forum. The slip
and fall incident giving rise to this litigation occurred in
Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, on June 28, 2018. In
Maryland, a civil lawsuit for personal injury must be filed within
three years from the date it accrues. Md. Code, Cts. and Jud.
Proc. § 5-101. Accordingly, Plaintiffs are well within the statute
of limitations under Maryland law to re-file this case in Washington
County, Maryland.
(Trial Court Opinion, 6/22/20, at 4-5) (pagination provided) (case citations,
quotation marks and one footnote omitted).4 The Failors timely appealed.5
They and the court have complied with Rule 1925. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
____________________________________________
4FedEx Ground notes that via the June 23, 2020 writ of summons, the Failors
commenced a second lawsuit related to the June 28, 2018 incident in Perry
County, Pennsylvania, at Docket No. CV-WF-2020-448. (See FedEx Ground’s
Brief, at 3). We draw no conclusion from this filing and include it only to
provide a full history of this matter.
5 Absent an abuse of discretion, we cannot reverse a trial court’s decision to
dismiss based on forum non conveniens. See Bochetto v. Dimeling,
Shreiber & Park, 151 A.3d 1072, 1079 (Pa. Super. 2016). A trial court
abuses its discretion if, “in reaching [its] conclusion the law is overridden or
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On appeal, the Failors contend that the trial court erred as a matter of
law and abused its discretion in dismissing this action pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 5322(e). First, it argues that our decision in Page v. Ekbladh, 590 A.2d
1278, 1280 (Pa. Super. 1991), prohibits forum non conveniens dismissals
where both the plaintiff and the defendant are Pennsylvania citizens. Second,
they contend that the trial court misapplied 42 Pa.C.S. § 5322(e) and erred in
finding that the public and private factors used to determine whether a forum
is inconvenient do not weigh strongly against their chosen forum.6
II.
Pursuant to Section 5322(e), “[w]hen a tribunal finds that in the interest
of substantial justice the matter should be heard in another forum, the tribunal
may stay or dismiss the matter in whole or in part on any conditions that may
be just.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 5322(e).
A plaintiff’s choice of forum is entitled to deference, but to
a somewhat lesser degree when the plaintiff’s residence and place
of injury are located somewhere else. See Bochetto v. Piper
Aircraft Co., 94 A.3d 1044, 1056 (Pa. Super. 2014). In any
____________________________________________
misapplied, or the judgment exercised is manifestly unreasonable, or the
result of partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill will.” Id. (citation omitted).
6 The Pennsylvania Association for Justice (PAJ) has filed an amicus curiae
brief in support of the Failors’ arguments and raises a new issue alleging that
Section 5322(e) is not applicable in this matter because all parties are
Pennsylvania citizens. However, we cannot consider this argument because
the PAJ is not a party and the Failors did not raise it. See Solomon v. U.S.
Healthcare Systems of Pennsylvania, Inc., 797 A.2d 346, 349 n.3 (Pa.
Super. 2002); see also Pa.R.A.P. 531(a).
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event, the trial court may grant a motion to dismiss on the
grounds of forum non conveniens only if “weighty reasons”
support disturbing a plaintiff’s choice of forum and an alternative
forum is available. See Jessop v. ACF Industries, LLC, 859
A.2d 801, 803 (Pa. Super. 2004). “Furthermore, a court will ...
not dismiss for forum non conveniens unless justice strongly
militates in favor of relegating the plaintiff to another forum.”
Poley v. Delmarva Power and Light Co., 779 A.2d 544, 546
(Pa. Super. 2001) (emphasis in original).
McConnell v. B. Braun Medical Inc., 221 A.3d 221, 227 (Pa. Super. 2019).
When determining if “weighty reasons” exist to overcome a plaintiff’s
forum choice, the court considers both private and public factors. Private
factors include:
the relative ease of access to sources of proof; availability of
compulsory process for attendance for unwilling, and the cost of
obtaining attendance of willing, witnesses; possibility of view of
the premises, if view would be appropriate to the action; and all
other practical problems that make trial of a case easy,
expeditious and inexpensive.
Id. (citation omitted). In analyzing public factors, the trial court must
consider that:
administrative difficulties follow for courts when litigation is piled
up in congested centers instead of being handled at its origin. Jury
duty is a burden that ought not to be imposed upon the people of
a community which has no relation to the litigation. There is an
appropriateness, too, in having the trial ... in a forum that is at
home with the state law that must govern the case, rather than
having a court in some other forum untangle problems in conflict
of laws, and in law foreign to itself.
Id. at 227-28 (citation omitted).
In establishing that dismissal based on forum non conveniens is
warranted, a defendant must establish it is inconvenient for him. Therefore,
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“it is difficult for a defendant to show that convenience is a factor that weighs
in favor of dismissal where it is headquartered in the chosen forum, even if
the plaintiff resides elsewhere.” Id. at 228 (citation omitted). “Importantly,
the party seeking dismissal has the burden of proof.
When we conduct our review of the trial court’s decision, if the trial court
“shift[s] that initial burden to the party opposing dismissal and mak[es]
presumptions about the evidence against the non-moving party [that would
be] an abuse of discretion because it is a misapplication of the governing legal
standard.” Id. (citation omitted). It is also an error of law if the trial court
makes an analysis based on the inconvenience of one county to another state
because “[a] case’s lack of connection to one county does not justify dismissal
from the entire state.” Id. at 231 n.12. That is so because the proper
consideration is between the two states, not specific counties within them.
See id. at 228; see also Page, supra at 1280-81. Moreover, the trial court
abuses its discretion and commits and error of law if it “misapplies the law in
this context by incorrectly weighing the public and private factors.”
McConnell, supra at 228 (citations omitted).
III.
A.
We first address the Failors’ allegation that the trial court erred in
dismissing their case based on forum non conveniens because Page mandates
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that a motion to dismiss be denied when both parties are citizens of the same
state.
Ekbladh, the defendant in Page, was a Virginia-based obstetrician who
provided care to the mother of a child who was born in Virginia with serious
injuries. Mother also resided in Virginia at the time. Thereafter, both the
child’s parents and the obstetrician moved to Pennsylvania and resided there
when the parents commenced a lawsuit in Pennsylvania against Ekbladh for
their child’s injuries. The court granted Ekbladh’s motion to dismiss based on
forum non conveniens and directed the Pages to file the action in Virginia
where the alleged negligence and injuries occurred. See Page, supra at
1278-79.
The Failors point to the following language of Page to support their
claim:
The record reveals that the Pages have sued Ekbladh in
Pennsylvania solely because it is their home forum, as well as the
home forum of Ekbladh. We can find no case law, either in this
Commonwealth or in the federal courts, where, although both the
plaintiff and the defendant have been citizen-residents of the
original forum, the trial court dismissed the action because
another forum appears more convenient. The fact that both the
plaintiffs and the defendant presently reside in Pennsylvania
would warrant the retention of jurisdiction by the trial court over
this action.
Id. at 1280 (emphases omitted). They go on to contend that while Page did
conduct a factors analysis, it did so “in the alternative to consider the
traditional considerations for dismissing a suit for forum non conveniens.”
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However, Page does not stand for the proposition that the forum non
conveniens inquiry ends when it is determined that both parties are
Pennsylvania residents because we reached no such conclusion at all based
on the above-quoted foregoing language. The fact that none of the parties
resided in Virginia when the action was brought was just one of the many
factors we reviewed in Page before determining that “Ekbladh [had not] met
the burden necessary to overcome the Pages’ choice of their own forum to
litigate this action.” Id. at 1282 (citation omitted); see also id. at 1280-82
(reviewing public and private factors). Because Page did not reach its holding
based solely on the fact that the parties were “citizens” of the same state but
considered that factor as one of many in determining that Pennsylvania was
not an inconvenient forum, the trial court did err on this basis.
B.
Next, we turn to the Failors’ contention that trial court misapplied the
law and abused its discretion in dismissing their Pennsylvania action because
there were no “weighty reasons” to override their choice to sue a
Pennsylvania-based company in their own home state of Pennsylvania.
Here, the trial court found that “the majority, if not all, of the potential
witnesses and sources of proof with any connection to the underlying case
either reside or are located near Hagerstown, Maryland, thereby establishing
Maryland as a more convenient forum where the litigation could be conducted
more easily, expeditiously, and inexpensively. (Trial Ct. Op., at 4) (quotation
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marks and citation omitted; pagination provided). However, the court
premised this decision on the basis that Hagerstown, Maryland was a more
convenient forum than Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, not Maryland and
Pennsylvania as a whole, whose state line borders Maryland, and is
approximately only seven miles from Hagerstown.
Specifically, the court observed that the Failors’ residence in Perry
County, Pennsylvania, as well as their medical witnesses in Dauphin and
Cumberland Counties, Pennsylvania, are closer to Hagerstown, Maryland than
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and that FedEx Ground’s potential witnesses, Mr.
White and Mr. Belasco, lived closer to Hagerstown, Maryland than
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.7 However, it made no finding as to whether
Pennsylvania is an inconvenient forum for FedEx Ground based on where
their proposed witnesses reside, and it would be difficult to imagine that a
seven mile distance to the Pennsylvania border from their employer or
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7 The court also observed that Ms. DePriest lived in Franklin County,
Pennsylvania at the time of signing her affidavit, which is approximately 160
miles from Philadelphia and twenty-two miles from Hagerstown. It noted that
the Failors failed to provide evidence that Ms. DePriest moved to Virginia, thus
making her affidavit inaccurate. (See Trial Ct. Op., at 4 n. 1). However, it
was not the Failors’ burden to prove that Ms. DePriest’s Virginia residence was
convenient, but FedEx Ground’s burden to prove that her new residence
rendered Pennsylvania inconvenient. See McConnell, supra at 228 (“[T]he
party seeking dismissal has the burden of proof.”). FedEx Ground agrees that
Ms. DePriest has moved to Virginia and has not provided any evidence about
her relative proximity to either Maryland or Pennsylvania.
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approximately twenty miles from their homes would render it inconvenient
and strongly favor overriding the Failors’ forum choice.
Moreover, even if the court did not err in considering Hagerstown,
Maryland vis a vis Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it was error for it to consider
the relative convenience of the two locations for the Failors, including their
evidence and witnesses, because that was an improper reason to overrule
their choice of forum. See Estate of Vaughan v. Olympus America, Inc.,
208 A.3d 66, 77 (Pa. Super. 2019) (“[A]ny difficulty a plaintiff faces in
securing evidence necessary to prove a cause of action is not a valid reason
to override the plaintiff’s forum preference.”) (emphasis in original).
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the court abused its discretion
by misapplying the law. Determining forum non conveniens required the court
to consider the relative convenience of Pennsylvania and Maryland, not
Philadelphia and Hagerstown. See McConnell, supra at 231 n.12. Because
the trial court applied the incorrect standard in determining that
Pennsylvania is an inconvenient forum for FedEx Ground, it misapplied the
law and abused its discretion in dismissing the Failors’ case. See Bochetto,
supra at 1079; see also McConnell, supra at 231 (“The trial court abused
its discretion … because it disregarded Pennsylvania’s interests and improperly
focused on whether Philadelphia is a convenient forum.”) (emphasis in
original).
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C.
1.
Not only did the trial court err in doing a Pennsylvania to Maryland
analysis, neither the private nor public factors strongly weigh against the
Failors’ chosen forum to justify dismissal of their action in Pennsylvania. As
to the private factors at the time of the incident and at all times thereafter,
the Failors have lived in Pennsylvania; Failor received all medical treatment in
Pennsylvania; the trailer he was driving was scheduled to return to
Pennsylvania; Shelley DePriest, the only FedEx Ground employee with first-
hand knowledge of the incident, resided in Pennsylvania at the time of giving
her affidavit;8 Mr. White and Mr. Belasco only work twenty miles from the
Pennsylvania border; and FedEx Ground’s principal place of business is in
Pennsylvania. (See id. at 22-24).
FedEx Ground concedes that its primary place of business is in
Pennsylvania and that it conducts business here. It also agrees that the
Failors reside in Pennsylvania and all pertinent medical records and physicians
are located here. However, it argues that because the incident underlying the
complaint occurred in Hagerstown, where its known witnesses are employed
____________________________________________
8 As stated previously, both parties agree that Ms. DePriest has since moved
to Virginia and no longer works for FedEx Ground.
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and near where they reside, there are substantial reasons to dismiss this
case.9 It also points to the affidavits from its employees in which they
maintain that a trial in Philadelphia would be vexatious and that they would
not attend. In response to same, the Failors provided deposition testimony of
Mr. White and Mr. Belasco that conflicts in some respects with the affidavits.
Our review of the evidence before the court reveals that the affidavits
fail to establish that a trial in Maryland would be more expeditious and
inexpensive than in Pennsylvania. In fact, although they maintain that trial in
Philadelphia would be inconvenient because of its distance, they speak
nothing to Pennsylvania as a whole and, in fact, maintain that trial in Perry
County, Pennsylvania would be convenient.
FedEx Ground also fails to establish that it would be easier to obtain
sources of proof in Maryland where it concedes that the Failors and the
relevant medical records and physicians are in Pennsylvania, and the location
on which the incident occurred is a moveable trailer that is no longer at the
Hagerstown, Maryland facility.
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9 In its brief in support of the motion to dismiss, FedEx Ground also alleged
that trial in Philadelphia County would not be “inexpensive” because FedEx
Ground’s employees are employed in Maryland. (FedEx Ground’s Brief in
Support of Motion to Dismiss, at 5). However, it failed to provide any evidence
of how much more expensive it would be for its employees to drive the
approximate seven miles from their employer or approximate twenty miles
from their homes to Pennsylvania. Nor did it provide evidence that it would
be exorbitant for FedEx Ground to incur such expenses.
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Finally, Mr. Belasco conceded that he had no personal knowledge about
the Failor incident prior to being approached by FedEx Ground’s counsel and
that any information he could provide about FedEx Ground’s policies and
procedures could also be provided by Mr. White. Contrary to FedEx Ground’s
argument, the affidavits failed to provide weighty evidence that Maryland is a
more convenient forum than Pennsylvania or even which of its witnesses is
necessary or where their testimony would be cumulative.10 At best, this
testimony established that a trial in Philadelphia would be inconvenient
because of the distance but that the men would attend.
Based on this evidence, we conclude that even had the trial court
properly applied the law and considered whether there were weighty reasons
to dismiss this case in Pennsylvania, FedEx Ground did not provide sufficient
evidence of private factors necessary to support dismissal of the Failors’ case.
____________________________________________
10Also before the court was the deposition testimony of Mr. White and Mr.
Belasco. Mr. White testified that he merely signed the affidavit provided by
FedEx Ground’s counsel without making any changes thereto, and that,
contrary to the affidavit’s language, he would attend a Philadelphia trial if
subpoenaed to do so, despite the inconvenience. He also stated that he had
no personal knowledge of the incident involving Mr. Failor, although he was
employed by FedEx Ground at the relative time and at the Hagerstown facility.
Mr. Belasco stated that a trial in any location would be an inconvenience, but
that he could arrange to be there. He also conceded that he had no personal
knowledge about Failor’s incident prior to being approached by FedEx
Ground’s counsel and that any information he could provide about FedEx
Ground’s policies and procedures could also be provided by Mr. White. Neither
man testified as to whether Pennsylvania would be inconvenient.
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See Vaughan,11 supra at 76-77; see also McConnell, supra at 229-30
(trial court abused its discretion in granting motion to dismiss where defendant
failed to establish private factors where its employees lived and worked in
Pennsylvania, it had corporate offices here and difficulty of plaintiff in securing
evidence was not relevant concern).
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11 In Vaughan, the decedent underwent a procedure in North Carolina in
which an Olympus scope was used. The scope was contaminated and the
decedent died from an infection. Her estate brought a cause of action in
Philadelphia County against Olympus Medical System Corp. (OMSC), Olympus
America, Inc. (OAI) and Olympus Corporation of America (OCA). OMSC is a
Japanese corporation with a principal place of business in Tokyo. OCA and
OAI are New York corporations with a principal place of business in Center
Valley, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. OCA was OMSC’s agent. The trial court
granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens. This
Court reversed, finding that the defendants failed to provide weighty reasons
to disturb Vaughan’s choice of forum. We found that OCA and OAI conducted
business across Pennsylvania, including in Philadelphia, Vaughan’s evidence
was in Pennsylvania since OCA acted as OMSC’s agent, the court’s concern
that Vaughan’s fact witnesses were located in North Carolina was not a valid
concern, significant evidence could be found in Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
had an interest in the litigation where the defendants made critical marketing
decisions here and that a Pennsylvania court was more than capable of
applying the appropriate law. See Vaughan, supra at 70, 76-78. Similarly,
here, FedEx Ground maintains its corporate headquarters in Pennsylvania and
conducts business across the Commonwealth, the Failors and their evidence
are in Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania has a significant interest in the outcome of
this case where FedEx Ground operates its trucks here and, even if Maryland
law were applicable, a Pennsylvania court would be more than capable of
applying it.
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2.
We now turn to our analysis of the public factors supporting dismissal
of the Failors’ case for forum non conveniens. The only public factor that the
trial court based its decision on is that “the only connection that a Philadelphia
jury would have to the instant case” is that FedEx Ground maintains a
distribution center there. (Trial Ct. Op., at 5).12 We already concluded that
the trial court abused its discretion in considering Philadelphia specifically
rather than Pennsylvania as a whole. Moreover, FedEx Ground failed to
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12 FedEx Ground and the trial court rely heavily on Wright v. Consolidated
Rail Corp., 215 A.3d 982 (Pa. Super. 2019), to support dismissal pursuant to
Section 5322(e) because Wright concluded that the trial court abused its
discretion when it did not dismiss a case for forum non conveniens even
though the corporate defendant had a principal place of business in
Pennsylvania. (See FedEx Ground’s Brief, at 5, 7, 10-12); (Trial Ct. Op., at
2-3, 5); see also Wright, at 991. This reliance is misplaced because Wright
is factually distinguishable. In Wright, the plaintiff worked for defendant
corporation exclusively in New York and his medical treatment occurred and
medical records were all located in that forum. The plaintiff was a long-time
resident of New York who “never resided, worked, or owned property in
Pennsylvania” and had moved to South Carolina in 2016. Wright, supra at
995. Here, the Failors are Pennsylvania residents, Failor worked for FedEx
Ground in Pennsylvania and his medical providers and records are all located
in Pennsylvania. Furthermore, while the accident occurred and FedEx
Ground’s witnesses are located in Maryland, it is undisputed that there can be
no jury view of the scene because it occurred on a FedEx Ground trailer that
is no longer there and, although FedEx Ground employees signed affidavits in
which they represented travel to Philadelphia would be inconvenient and that
they would not be willing to attend, they clarified in their depositions that trial
would be inconvenient even if it occurred in Maryland and that they would
attend if subpoenaed. Likewise, the affidavits say nothing about the relative
convenience of Pennsylvania compared to Maryland.
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provide weighty evidence of public factors to support dismissal where it does
not suggest what, if any, public factors support dismissing the Failors’ case
for forum non conveniens. (See FedEx Ground’s Brief, at 7-12). Conversely,
the Failors argue that Pennsylvania has a strong interest in ensuring that
FedEx Ground maintains its trailers in safe condition for its employees and
that its residents injured by Pennsylvania companies receive compensation.
(See The Failors’ Brief, at 25, 26-27).
In analyzing the public factors, we agree that Maryland has an interest
in an injury that occurs at a FedEx Ground facility within its borders. We also
are aware that Mr. White and/or Mr. Belasco could have a slightly longer
commute to Pennsylvania. However, where FedEx Ground likewise maintains
several of such facilities in Pennsylvania, in addition to its corporate
headquarters, and the Failors, the injured plaintiffs, reside here, it appears
that Pennsylvania’s interest is at least equal to if not stronger than that of
Maryland, and FedEx Ground has not provided any evidence to the contrary.13
Hence, we conclude that FedEx Ground failed to provide sufficient evidence of
public factors to support overriding the Failors’ choice of forum. See
Vaughan, supra at 77-78; see also McConnell, supra at 231 (finding public
____________________________________________
13In its motion to dismiss, FedEx Ground argued that Philadelphia courts have
a significant backlog justifying dismissal pursuant to Section 5322 and that a
Pennsylvania jury would be incapable of applying Maryland law. It has
abandoned these arguments here.
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factors did not support dismissal for forum non conveniens where, although
other states had interest, Pennsylvania had interest in whether defendant,
with principal place of business and headquarters here, marketed and
distributed allegedly injurious product).
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court abused its
discretion in finding that private and public interest factors supported
dismissal pursuant to forum non conveniens. See Bochetto, supra at 1079.
FedEx Ground, as the party moving for dismissal, did not carry its burden of
providing weighty reasons to override the Failors’ choice of forum in
Pennsylvania. Therefore, we vacate the court’s order.
However, while we vacate the trial court’s order, because it did not make
any finding about FedEx Ground’s alternate ground for relief that it transfer
the case to Perry County based on Rule 1006(d)(1), we remand the matter to
the trial court to address that issue. See McConnell, supra at 232 (vacating
and remanding on Section 5332(e) issue but allowing court to consider open
Rule 1006(d)(1) motion to transfer from Philadelphia County to Lehigh
County).
Order vacated. Case remanded. Jurisdiction relinquished.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/17/2021
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