IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Miguel Castaneda-Escobar, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Ralph Martin Construction :
(Workers’ Compensation Appeal :
Board), : No. 961 C.D. 2020
Respondent : Submitted: February 5, 2021
BEFORE: HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
JUDGE COVEY FILED: March 25, 2021
Miguel Castaneda-Escobar (Claimant) petitions this Court for review
of the Workers’ Compensation (WC) Appeal Board’s (Board) September 8, 2020
order affirming the Workers’ Compensation Judge’s (WCJ) decision denying and
dismissing Claimant’s Petition for Penalties (Penalty Petition). Claimant presents
two issues for this Court’s review: (1) whether the Board erred by affirming the
WCJ’s determination that Whitmoyer v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board
(Mountain Country Meats), 186 A.3d 947 (Pa. 2018), cannot and should not be
applied retroactively to obligate Ralph Martin Construction (Employer) to reimburse
Claimant for the work-related medical expenses of $62,973.73 paid by Claimant
following the settlement of Claimant’s second third-party personal injury case; and
(2) whether the Board erred by affirming the WCJ’s determination that Employer
did not violate the WC Act (Act)1 when Employer refused to reimburse Claimant for
the work-related medical expenses. After review, we affirm.
Claimant sustained a work-related injury on May 12, 2010, during the
course and scope of his employment with Employer. Following the work injury,
Claimant resolved several third-party litigation cases. The first third-party case
resolved for $1,000,000.00. Claimant executed a Third-Party Settlement Agreement
(TPSA), which was filed with the Bureau of WC (Bureau) on August 11, 2014.
Claimant received a second settlement for $5,000,000.00. Following the second
settlement, Claimant executed a second TPSA (TPSA II), which was filed with the
Bureau on April 1, 2015. Claimant also received a third settlement in the amount of
$1,775,000.00 in December 2015. No TPSA was executed following this third
settlement.
The proceeds of the second settlement were sufficient to satisfy
Employer’s WC lien pursuant to Section 319 of the Act.2 In TPSA II, the parties
agreed, “[t]he balance of recovery in the amount of $3,512,390.83 shall be a credit
against future weekly benefits and medical expenses as set forth in [TPSA II].”
Reproduced Record at 12a. Following the execution of TPSA II, Employer began
taking a credit against future weekly indemnity benefits and Claimant’s ongoing
medical expenses in accordance with the parties’ agreement as memorialized in
TPSA II.
On June 19, 2018, the Pennsylvanian Supreme Court decided
Whitmoyer, wherein the Court held that Section 319 of the Act did not contemplate
a credit against future medical expenses for the balance of recovery. Specifically,
the Whitmoyer Court noted that Section 319 of the Act addresses periodic payments
and, as medical expenses are not always paid at a regular interval, the Court
1
Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§ 1-1041.4, 2501-2710.
2
77 P.S. § 671.
2
concluded that Section 319 of the Act only applied to future indemnity benefits, not
future medical expenses. Thereafter, Employer immediately stopped taking any
reduction against Claimant’s ongoing medical expenses. Claimant sought a
retroactive reimbursement of the amount of medical expenses previously offset
under TPSA II. Employer did not reimburse Claimant for those medical expenses,
arguing that, prior to Whitmoyer, Employer was acting in accordance with the
current state of the law, as well as the agreement between the parties as set forth in
TPSA II. Employer also noted that the Whitmoyer Court did not specify that its
decision applied retroactively.
When Employer did not reimburse the previously withheld medical
expenses, Claimant filed the Penalty Petition, alleging that Employer violated the
Act when it failed to make the retroactive reimbursement. The WCJ held hearings
on November 6, 2018, and February 5, and April 16, 2019. On July 23, 2019, the
WCJ denied and dismissed the Penalty Petition. Claimant appealed to the Board.
On September 8, 2020, the Board affirmed the WCJ’s decision. Claimant appealed
to this Court.3
Claimant first argues that the Board erred by affirming the WCJ’s
determination that Whitmoyer cannot and should not be applied retroactively to
obligate Employer to reimburse Claimant for the $62,973.73 in work-related medical
expenses Claimant paid following the settlement of Claimant’s second third-party
personal injury case. Claimant asserts that the Whitmoyer Court unequivocally held
that the Act never authorized a credit to an employer for medical expenses as against
a personal injury third-party recovery. Thus, Claimant contends that, if the Act never
3
“On review[,] this Court must determine whether constitutional rights were violated,
errors of law were committed, or necessary findings of fact were supported by substantial
competent evidence.” Stepp v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (FairPoint Commc’ns, Inc.), 99 A.3d
598, 601 n.6 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014).
3
authorized the credit, then the right to take a credit did not exist when Claimant and
Employer signed TPSA II. Hence, Claimant maintains that Employer did not have
the right to take a credit for Claimant’s second third-party recovery against the work-
related medical expenses. Accordingly, Claimant contends that Employer should
reimburse Claimant for the credit Employer was not authorized by the Act to take.
Employer rejoins that the Board’s decision should be affirmed because the credit
Employer took against future medical expenses was consistent with existing law,
was authorized by TPSA II, and Whitmoyer does not apply retroactively.
This Court addressed the retroactivity of Whitmoyer in Beaver Valley
Slag, Inc. v. Marchionda (Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board), ___ A.3d ____
(Pa. Cmwlth. Nos. 867, 901 C.D. 2020, filed March 10, 2021). Therein, this Court
held that, because “the status of the TPSA terms for future medical expense
subrogation was not ‘pending on direct appeal’ at the time Whitmoyer was decided[,]
Dana Holding [v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Smuck)], 232 A.3d [629,]
647 (Pa. 2020),] . . . Dana Holding [] does not require, and this Court will not order,
that Whitmoyer be applied retroactively to the date of the TPSA’s origination.”
Beaver Valley, slip op. at 11.
Similarly, here, because the status of TPSA II’s terms for future medical
expense subrogation was not pending on direct appeal when Whitmoyer was decided,
Dana Holding does not require that Whitmoyer be applied retroactively to the date
of TPSA II’s origination. Accordingly, the Board properly affirmed the WCJ’s
determination that Whitmoyer did not retroactively obligate Employer to reimburse
Claimant for the work-related medical expenses paid by Claimant following the
settlement of Claimant’s second third-party personal injury case.4
4
This Court does not however, endorse the WCJ’s conclusion that Whitmoyer established
a new rule of law. Under the Dana Holding Court’s reasoning, because Section 319 of the Act
was an existing statute which the Pennsylvania Supreme Court had not yet interpreted, and
applying well-settled statutory interpretation principles was foreseeable, Whitmoyer did not
4
Claimant next argues that the Board erred by affirming the WCJ’s
determination that Employer did not violate the Act when Employer refused to
reimburse Claimant for the work-related medical expenses. Employer rejoins that,
inter alia, given the fact that Employer’s actions were consistent with how future
medical expenses had been credited prior to Whitmoyer, there was and is no violation
of the Act that would have supported the imposition of a penalty.
This Court has explained:
Section 435(d)(i) of the Act allows for a penalty of up to
50[%] of the compensation due to be assessed if an
employer violates the Act or its regulations. [See] 77 P.S.
§ 991(d)(i).[5] In penalty petition proceedings, the
claimant ‘bears the burden of proving a violation of the
Act occurred’ and, if met, the burden ‘shifts to the
employer to prove it did not violate the Act.’ Dixon v.
Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Medrad, Inc.), 134 A.3d 518,
525 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016) (quoting Gumm v. Workers’
Comp. Appeal Bd. (Steel), 942 A.2d 222, 232 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2008)). ‘When a violation of the Act occurs, it is
within the discretion of the WCJ to impose penalties.’
Jordan v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Phila.
Newspapers, Inc.), 921 A.2d 27, 41 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007).
Kurpiewski v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Caretti, Inc.), 202 A.3d 870, 888 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2019).
Here, the Board opined:
Whitmoyer does not apply fully retroactively [sic] in this
current matter; therefore, [Employer] did not violate the
Act by failing to reimburse Claimant. Additionally,
[Employer] followed the state of the law prior to
establish a new rule. Thus, this Court’s holding that Whitmoyer is not retroactive is not based on
finding that Whitmoyer established a new rule of law, just as the Dana Holding Court’s ruling that
Protz v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Derry Area School District), 161 A.3d 827 (Pa.
2017), was not retroactive was not based on such a finding. See Chrzan v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal
Bd. (Allied Corp.), 805 A.2d 42, 47 n.10 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002) (“We may affirm the order of a lower
tribunal on other grounds where such other grounds to affirm exist.”).
5
Added by Section 3 of the Act of February 8, 1972, P.L. 25.
5
Whitmoyer and took credits in compliance with the terms
of [TPSA II], which was in effect at that time. Thus,
[Employer] did not violate the Act prior to the issuance of
Whitmoyer or after Whitmoyer was decided.[6] As
Claimant failed to establish that [Employer] violated the
Act, Claimant is not entitled to a penalty award.
Bd. Op. at 11. This Court discerns no error in the Board’s reasoning.
Prior to Whitmoyer, this Court interpreted Section 319 of the Act as
permitting employers to take a credit against medical expenses. See Zacour v.
Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Mark Ann Indus.), 824 A.2d 336 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003).
“Here, Employer did not violate the Act by following this Court’s construction of
the Act as set forth in [Zacour].” LifeQuest Nursing Ctr. v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal
Bd. (Tisdale), 190 A.3d 811, 818 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2018). Accordingly, the Board
properly affirmed the WCJ’s determination that Employer did not violate the Act
when Employer did not reimburse Claimant for the $62,973.73 in work-related
medical expenses.
For all of the above reasons, the Board’s order is affirmed.
_________________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
6
Concerning whether Employer violated the Act after Whitmoyer was decided,
“[f]ollowing the Whitmoyer [d]ecision, [Employer] immediately stopped taking any reduction
against Claimant’s ongoing medical expenses.” WCJ Dec. at 3, Finding of Fact 11. Thus, the
issue of whether and/or when Whitmoyer required Employer to stop taking reductions against
Claimant’s ongoing medical expenses was not before the WCJ, the Board or this Court.
6
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Miguel Castaneda-Escobar, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Ralph Martin Construction :
(Workers’ Compensation Appeal :
Board), : No. 961 C.D. 2020
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 25th day of March, 2021, the Workers’ Compensation
Appeal Board’s September 8, 2020 order is affirmed.
_________________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge