CITIZENS PROPERTY INSURANCE CORPORATION v. JOSEPH CASANAS AND NANCY CERVANTES

Third District Court of Appeal
State of Florida

Opinion filed October 27, 2021.
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

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No. 3D20-322
Lower Tribunal No. 18-1723
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Citizens Property Insurance Corporation,
Appellant,

vs.

Joseph Casanas and Nancy Cervantes,
Appellees.

An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Martin Zilber,
Judge.

Luks, Santaniello, Petrillo & Cohen, and Lauren J. Smith (Stuart), for
appellant.

Alvarez, Feltman, Da Silva, & Costa, P.L., and Paul B. Feltman, for
appellees.

Before EMAS, LINDSEY and GORDO, JJ.

GORDO, J.

Citizens Property Insurance Company appeals the trial court’s order
granting plaintiffs’ motion for attorneys’ fees and entering a final judgment of

costs and fees in favor of plaintiffs’ counsel. We have jurisdiction. See Fla.

R. App. P. 9.030(b)(1)(A). Because the award of fees was not supported by

competent, substantial evidence, we reverse and remand.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDRUAL BACKGROUND

Plaintiffs in the underlying homeowners’ insurance case sustained

damage to their roof during Hurricane Irma in 2017, reported the loss to

Citizens and retained counsel to represent them before Citizens had an

opportunity to investigate the loss or determine coverage. Citizens ultimately

denied coverage after determining the damage was below the hurricane

deductible. Plaintiffs filed suit for underpayment of the claim in January

2018. The case was minimally litigated—there were no depositions taken,

no dispositive motions filed, few hearings, and no trial. The case settled in

mediation in January 2019. A judgment in the amount of $35,000 was

entered in favor of plaintiffs subject to motions for costs and fees.

Following the entry of judgment, the trial court held an evidentiary

hearing to calculate attorneys’ fees and costs. The court made factual

findings, concluded that the lodestar was $70,800 and added a 1.8 multiplier

for a fee of $127,440. The total fee award was for $150,600 including $9,360

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in litigation costs and a $13,800 fee for plaintiffs’ fee expert. The final award

of costs and fees was nearly five times the amount of the $35,000 settlement.

LEGAL ANALYSIS

Citizens appealed the award arguing that 1) the lodestar was

unsupported; 2) plaintiffs failed to present evidence that their attorneys were

unable to mitigate the risk of nonpayment and there was no competent,

substantial evidence that the relevant market required a multiplier; and 3) the

award of litigation costs was unsupported. While the appeal was pending

this Court issued its opinion in Universal Property & Casualty Insurance Co.

v. Deshpande, 314 So. 3d 416 (Fla. 3d DCA 2020). Deshpande, which

involved a remarkably similar homeowner’s insurance claim where counsel

was awarded an excessive and unsupported amount of attorneys’ fees,

governs the outcome of the instant case.

We approve the trial court’s findings, based on the evidence in the

record, that the hourly rates billed for each attorney were reasonable. We

cannot, however, affirm the lodestar amount because the record does not

contain competent, substantial evidence that the number of hours billed were

reasonable. See id. at 419. “The court did not make any specific findings

as to disputed time entries . . . . Nor did the court apply any particularized

reductions or make any findings as to the appropriateness of reductions.” Id.

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at 420. Rather, without explanation, the court adopted the plaintiffs’ fee

expert’s 10% blanket reduction to the number of hours expended, which we

found “arbitrary and unsupported” in Deshpande. Id. Accordingly, we

reverse the lodestar amount with instruction for the court to reduce the

number of hours billed to 81.1 hours—the only number for which there is

competent, substantial evidence adduced by the defendant’s fee expert

following a line-by-line accounting of the compensable hours. See id.

(“[W]hen an attorney’s fee or cost order is appealed and the record on appeal

is devoid of competent substantial evidence to support the order, the

appellate court will reverse the award without remand.” (quoting Brake v.

Murphy, 736 So. 2d 745, 748 (Fla. 3d DCA 1999))).

We reverse the trial court’s application of a multiplier because the

record is devoid of evidence satisfying the Quanstrom1 factors. Here, the

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[T]he trial court should consider the following factors
in determining whether a multiplier is necessary:
(1) whether the relevant market requires a
contingency fee multiplier to obtain competent
counsel; (2) whether the attorney was able to
mitigate the risk of nonpayment in any way; and
(3) whether any of the factors set forth in Rowe are
applicable, especially, the amount involved, the
results obtained, and the type of fee arrangement
between the attorney and his client.

Standard Guar. Ins. Co. v. Quanstrom, 555 So. 2d 828, 834 (Fla. 1990).

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record contains “no evidence that [plaintiffs] could not have obtained other

competent counsel in this market absent the availability of a contingency fee

multiplier.” Deshpande, 314 So. 3d at 421; see USAA Cas. Ins. Co. v. Prime

Care Chiropractic Ctrs., P.A., 93 So. 3d 345, 347 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012) (“If

there is no evidence that the relevant market required a contingency fee

multiplier to obtain competent counsel, then a multiplier should not be

awarded.”). Nor did plaintiffs’ counsel establish that there was a risk of

nonpayment as the parties’ retainer agreement expressly provided for

counsel’s recovery of fees.

Finally, the award of litigation costs must be reversed. Plaintiffs

submitted two expert invoices but did not present any evidence regarding

the reasonableness of the litigation costs or whether they intended to call the

expert witnesses for trial. The trial court “awarded costs without making any

factual findings regarding which expenses would have been reasonably

necessary for an actual trial.” Deshpande, 314 So. 3d at 422; see Coastal

Petroleum Co. v. Mobil Oil Corp., 583 So. 2d 1022, 1025 (Fla. 1991).

Reversed and remanded.

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