*616 By the Court.
Benning, J.,delivering the opinion.
This case consists of two distinct cases ; cases, however, which have many things in common. One of the two grew out of a motion, that the fi. fa. should be entered satisfied ; the other, out of a rule against the sheriff that he should pay over to the plaintiff in the fi. fa. the amount of the fi. fa.
The two cases will be considered separately, the one growing out of the motion first.
The motion was made by Griffin, the executor of Moore, a defendant in the fi. fa. The motiou was preceded by a long preamble, stating the grounds on which the motion was put. Those grounds may all be resolved into one — that thefi. fa. had been paid off.
The motion was answered by Respass, the plaintiff in the fi. fa. And the answer, in the first place, denied that the fi. fa. had been paid off; and, in the second, stated a judgment of the court, which, the answer insisted, determined that the fi.fa. had not been paid off.
The court overruled the motion. Was ii right in doing so ? That is the question.
There were several objections to the decision, but they may all be reduced to two; one, that the question of payment was not submitted to the jury; the other, that the decision was contrary to the evidence.
We are not prepared to say, that the court is bound, to call in a jury in a proceeding so peculiarly for the court, as is a motion of this kind; we much doubt whether the court is. Supposing the court not to be, the decision of the court below, it is clear, was right; for, in the evidence, there was nothing to show that the fi. fa. had been paid off, and much to show that it had not been paid off.
If, however, we concede that the general question of payment was.a question for a jury, and, therefore, that it was an error in the court to decide the question, yet that *617can be of no avail to the plaintiff in error, if the other question was one for the court, and the court decided it correctly.
And the other question was, beyond a doubt, a question for the court, for it was a question of former recovery — a question whether there existed a judgment determining that th efi.fa. had been paid off; anda question of former recovery is to be tried by the record ; and questions to he tried by the record, are for the court, not for the jury.
This question, then, being one for the court, was the court’s decision of it, light ? Did the evidence show, that, as the court held it did, there was an existing judgment, to the effect that th efi.fa. was still unpaid ?
The evidence showed that there had been filed in the case, as many as four affidavits of illegality, of which, the first was filed by Moore, and the other three by his executor, Griffin; that of these three, each had for its ground, payment; that the first of the three was withdrawn, and the last was still pending; but that in the second, there was a judgment which was as follows: “ Upon hearing of this case, it is ordered that that the same be overruled, and said fi. fa. do proceed.” • What was the case ? — a case in which the only question, so far as appears, was, whether the fi. fa. had been paid off. Payment was the only ground taken in the affidavit. No other ground, so far as appears, was brought into the case. We are to presume that the decision was a decision of the quéstion presented by the pleading, which was the affidavit, and fhe only question presented by that, being the question of payment, We are to presume, that that was.the question decided. The decision was one overruling the affidavit. Therefore, it was a decision that the fi. fa. had not been paid off.
1. We think, then,, that, the court was right in overruling the motion to have th efi.fa. entered satisfied.
*618The rule against the sheriff, was at the instance of Res-pass, the plaintiff' in the fi. fa. The rule called on the sheriff to show cause why he should not be compelled to pay over the amount of the fi. fa. to Respass.
The sheriff' answered the.rule; and, in the first place, insisted that the fi. fa. had been paid off. But the evidence did not support him in this position. It was the same as that already considered in the other case; and that showed, as we have seen, that thefi. fa. had not been paid off
The sheriff, in the next place, insisted on several things which amount about to this: 1st, that a sheriff is not clothed with the power to determine what is, or what is not, a sufficient ground for rejecting an affidavit of illegality; and, therefore, that he was, in this case, bound to receive all that came; 2dly, that if a sheriff is clothed with this power, yet that he ought not to reject a second affidavit, unless he has evidence sufficient to satisfy him that it is a second one; and that the.evidence in this case was not sufficient to satisfy him, that the affidavit he received, was a second one; that, consequently, it was his duty to receive that affidavit; and, if so,-then, that he was prevented by the affidavit from proceeding to make the money on thefi. fa.
As to the first of these two grounds: The sheriff', it is true, is not a judicial officer, but neither is the act referred to — the receiving or rejecting an affidavit of illegality —a judicial act. That act determines no right, and the esential characteristic of a judicial act is, that it determines some right. Acts of this kind differ in no essential respect from many other acts which sheriffs are, beyond question, bound to do. Sheriffs must determine, in many cases, whether they will receive or reject bonds ; in many cases, whether they will, or will not levy on certain property; in many cases, whether process is, or is not, valid; in many other cases — many other questions. Even pri*619vate persons, frequently have to determine important questions for themselves. "When a man is attaked by another, whether he will or will not be justified in killing his assailant, is a question he must determine for himself. And so, in many other instances. Especially is this true, of a man who is executor, administrator, or trustee.
2. We think, then, that this was not a good ground. We think, that it is for the sheriff to determine whether he will receive or reject .an affidavit of illegality; and that if he determines the question wrong, he will do so at his peril.
Was the second a good ground? It suffices to say of that ground, that the sheriff had very sufficient notice of the previous affidavits of illegality. Copies of the judgments overruling two of these affidavits, were attached to that the time when he received .the affidavit of illegality in question — copies, certified by the clerk. If this was not sufficient notice, what would have been ? The seal of the court, it is true, was not to the copies, but the act of 1819, does not require official certificates to be under seal. — Pr. 210.
3. We think, then, that if the notice was necessary, the sheriff had notice.
Judgment affirmed.