[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________ FILED
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
No. 08-14656 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
JUNE 29, 2009
Non-Argument Calendar
THOMAS K. KAHN
________________________
CLERK
Agency Nos. A98-705-797,
A98-705-798
ALKETA SERIANI,
ARTAN SERIANI,
Petitioners,
versus
U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
________________________
Petition for Review of a Decision of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
_________________________
(June 29, 2009)
Before CARNES, MARCUS and WILSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Alketa Seriani (“Seriani”) and her husband, Artan Seriani (collectively,
“petitioners”), petition for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”)
final order affirming the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) order denying asylum and
withholding of removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”), and
relief under the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (“CAT”), 8 U.S.C. §§ 1158,
1231, 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c).1 On appeal, petitioners challenge the IJ’s and the
BIA’s finding that Seriani did not satisfy her burden of proving asylum and
withholding-of-removal eligibility because she failed to produce sufficient
corroborating evidence. After thorough review, we deny the petition.
When the BIA issues a decision, we review only that decision, except to the
extent that the BIA expressly adopts the IJ’s decision. Al Najjar v. Ashcroft, 257
F.3d 1262, 1284 (11th Cir. 2001). “Insofar as the Board adopts the IJ’s reasoning,
we will review the IJ’s decision as well.” Id. In this case, the BIA agreed with the
reasoning of the IJ. Accordingly, we will discuss both decisions. See id.
To the extent that the BIA’s decision was based on a legal determination,
review is de novo. Mohammed v. Ashcroft, 261 F.3d 1244, 1247 (11th Cir. 2001).
We review the BIA’s factual determinations under the substantial-evidence test,
and we “must affirm the BIA’s decision if it is supported by reasonable,
substantial, and probative evidence on the record considered as a whole.” Al
1
Upon their arrival in the United States, Seriani requested asylum and/or withholding of
removal under CAT, and Artan requested derivative relief as Seriani’s spouse.
2
Najjar, 257 F.3d at 1283-84 (quotation omitted). The substantial evidence test is
“deferential” and does not allow “re-weigh[ing] the evidence from scratch.”
Mazariegos v. Office of U.S. Att’y Gen., 241 F.3d 1320, 1323 (11th Cir. 2001)
(quotation omitted). “To reverse the IJ’s fact findings, we must find that the record
not only supports reversal, but compels it.” Mendoza v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 327 F.3d
1283, 1287 (11th Cir. 2003).
First, we reject petitioners’ argument that substantial evidence does not
support the denial of Seriani’s application for asylum and withholding of removal.
An alien who arrives in or is present in the United States may apply for asylum and
withholding of removal. See 8 U.S.C. §§ 1158(a)(1), 1231(b)(3)(A). The
Attorney General has discretion to grant asylum if the alien meets the INA’s
definition of a “refugee.” See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1). A “refugee” is
any person who is outside any country of such person’s nationality . . .
and who is unable or unwilling to return to, and is unable or unwilling
to avail himself or herself of the protection of, that country because of
persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race,
religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or
political opinion[.]
8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A). The asylum applicant carries the burden of proving
statutory “refugee” status. 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(a). In order to meet this burden, “the
applicant must, with specific and credible evidence, establish (1) past persecution
on account of a statutorily protected ground or (2) a well-founded fear of future
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persecution on account of a protected ground.” Mejia v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 498 F.3d
1253, 1256 (11th Cir. 2007). “Demonstrating such a connection requires the alien
to present specific, detailed facts showing a good reason to fear that he or she will
be singled out for persecution” on account of a statutorily protected ground. Al
Najjar, 257 F.3d at 1287 (quotation omitted).
An alien seeking withholding of removal must show that it is more likely
than not that she will be persecuted or tortured upon being returned to her country.
Sepulveda v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 401 F.3d 1226, 1232 (11th Cir. 2005). This standard
is more stringent than the standard for asylum. Id. Accordingly, an alien who fails
to establish eligibility for asylum generally cannot satisfy the higher burden for
withholding of removal. Id. at 1232-33.
The alien’s testimony, if credible, may be sufficient to sustain the burden of
proof for asylum or withholding of removal without corroboration. 8 C.F.R. §§
208.13(a), 208.16(b); De Santamaria v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 525 F.3d 999, 1012
(2008). “The weaker an applicant’s testimony, however, the greater the need for
corroborative evidence.” Yang v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 418 F.3d 1198, 1201 (11th Cir.
2005). In In re S-M-J-, 21 I.&N. Dec. 722 (BIA 1997) (en banc), the BIA held
that, where the record contains general country condition information and the claim
of an asylum applicant relies primarily on personal experiences not reasonably
subject to verification, corroborating documentary evidence of the applicant’s
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particular experience is not required, but where it is reasonable to expect such
corroborating evidence for certain alleged facts pertaining to the specifics of an
applicant’s claim, the evidence should be provided or an explanation should be
given as to why the information was not presented. Id. at 725. The failure to
provide such corroborating evidence informs the determination of whether credible
testimony meets the burden of proof. Id. at 725-26.
As an initial matter, petitioners’ argument that the BIA dismissed their
petition on considerations relevant to an adverse credibility finding is without
merit, since the BIA explicitly found that the IJ made no adverse credibility finding
and denied relief because Seriani failed to satisfy her burden of proof by not
producing sufficient corroborating evidence.
As to the merits of Seriani’s claim, the IJ’s decision to deny relief, affirmed
by the BIA, is supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence on the
record considered as a whole. See Al Najjar, 257 F.3d at 1284. Although the IJ
and the BIA did not find Seriani incredible, they found her testimony to be weak,
given its vague and confusing nature. See Yang, 418 F.3d at 1201. Because
Seriani could offer no explanation of the month-long treatment she received from
an Albanian doctor or more details concerning her 2003 speech, as the IJ noted, the
record does not compel a different finding. See Mendoza, 327 F.3d at 1287.
5
Moreover, on this record, corroborative evidence was needed. See Yang,
418 F.3d at 1201. The corroborating evidence produced by Seriani included (1) a
copy of Seriani’s Democratic Party of Albania (“DP”) membership card; (2) a
letter from her father, Agron Kroi, stating that Seriani had been beaten and
mistreated in a police station where he was being held after the October 1, 2000,
election; (3) a letter from a family friend indicating that Seriani and her husband
Artan had received shelter in his home after fleeing to a different city; (4) a
doctor’s letter indicating that Seriani had received a medical examination because
she was hemorrhaging and had hematoma on areas of her body; and (5) Seriani’s
obstetrical and gynecological records concerning the 2005 birth of her son. The IJ
and the BIA found this evidence to be lacking because no document made
reference to Seriani’s abduction or sexual assault, a fact central to her claim, and
the evidence did not include documentation from the DP.
The IJ also noted that the Country Profile for 2001 called into question
claims for asylum based on political persecution, as well as the reliability of
Albanian medical evidence. Given Seriani’s extensive involvement in the DP, the
widespread recognition of her family’s opposition to communism, the particularity
of her claim, and the additional time she was provided in which to obtain
supporting documents, it was not unreasonable to expect her to provide more
meaningful corroboration. See In re S-M-J-, 21 I.&N. Dec. at 724-27.
6
While Seriani explained that her obstetrical records made no reference to her
sexual assault because she was too embarrassed to discuss the incident in the
presence of her friend and interpreter, she offered no explanation for the
insufficiencies in the Albanian doctor’s letter or the absence of corroborating
evidence from the DP. See id. at 725. Also, it is notable that Seriani’s husband
was present during the hearing and did not testify, although he had witnessed
Seriani’s condition after the rape and took her to see the Albanian doctor.
Because Seriani could have obtained additional corroborative evidence,
including medical records attesting to her rape and documentation from the DP
attesting to her active participation in the party, the record does not compel a
different conclusion than that reached by the IJ and the BIA. See Mendoza, 327
F.3d at 1287. Thus, the IJ did not err by requiring Seriani to produce additional
corroborating evidence in order to sustain her burden of proof for her asylum
claim. See id.; In re S-M-J-, 21 I.&N. Dec. at 724-25. And because Seriani failed
to satisfy her burden of proof for asylum, she necessarily failed to satisfy the
higher burden for withholding of removal. See Sepulveda, 401 F.3d at 1232-33.
Lastly, we agree with the government’s claim that petitioners have
abandoned their opportunity to challenge the denial of CAT relief because they
offer no argument in support of their statement that they are challenging the denial
7
of CAT protection. When a party fails to offer argument on an issue, that issue is
abandoned. See id. at 1228 n.2.
In their brief, petitioners identify proper consideration of CAT as an issue on
appeal and provide law on CAT. However, they do not advance an argument on
the matter. Because petitioners fail to offer any argument in support of their
identification of CAT relief as an issue on appeal, they have abandoned the issue,
and we deny their petition in this regard. See id.
DENIED.
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