United States v. Brandon Erwin

USCA11 Case: 21-11216 Date Filed: 09/28/2022 Page: 1 of 7 [DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit ____________________ No. 21-11216 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus BRANDON ERWIN, a.k.a. Brandon Irwin, Defendant-Appellant. ____________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida D.C. Docket No. 8:06-cr-00039-JSM-SPF-1 ____________________ USCA11 Case: 21-11216 Date Filed: 09/28/2022 Page: 2 of 7 2 Opinion of the Court 21-11216 Before NEWSOM, LUCK, and LAGOA, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Brandon Erwin, a federal prisoner proceeding with counsel, appeals the district court’s denials of his motion for compassionate release pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A) and subsequent mo- tion for reconsideration. On appeal, he argues first that compas- sionate release was warranted because he has health conditions— Tourette syndrome and high cholesterol—that diminish his ability to care for himself in home confinement. Second, he contends that the district court should have considered not only his actual place of confinement, but any place of confinement to which the Federal Bureau of Prisons could transfer him. Third, he asserts that United States Sentencing Guidelines § 1B1.13 applied to his defendant-ini- tiated compassionate-release motion and that this Court should overturn our precedent to align with our sister circuits. Finally, he argues that § 3582(c)(1)(A) and § 1B1.13 of the Guidelines provide a specific sequence of inquiries that the district court failed to fol- low in adjudicating his compassionate-release motion. 1 While we review de novo a defendant’s eligibility for a sen- tence reduction pursuant to § 3582(c)(1)(A), we review the denial of a motion for compassionate release or for reconsideration for an 1We note that Erwin moves to submit an untimely reply brief. We grant the motion, without further discussion, to the extent that we have considered the reply brief that he attached to his motion. USCA11 Case: 21-11216 Date Filed: 09/28/2022 Page: 3 of 7 21-11216 Opinion of the Court 3 abuse of discretion. United States v. Harris, 989 F.3d 908, 911–12 (11th Cir. 2021) (motion for compassionate release); United States v. Simms, 385 F.3d 1347, 1356 (11th Cir. 2004) (motion to recon- sider). A court abuses its discretion by applying the wrong legal standard, following incorrect procedures, making clearly errone- ous factual findings, or clearly erring in its judgment. Harris, 989 F.3d at 911–12. A defendant cannot use a motion for reconsidera- tion to present arguments or evidence that he could have previ- ously submitted. Wilchombe v. TeeVee Toons, Inc., 555 F.3d 949, 957 (11th Cir. 2009). After considering each of Erwin’s arguments, we affirm. I First, Erwin argues that compassionate release was war- ranted because his health conditions diminish his ability to care for himself in home confinement and that the district court should have held an evidentiary hearing before ruling otherwise. A district court can modify a term of imprisonment if ex- traordinary reasons warrant the reduction and doing so comports with Sentencing Commission policy statements. 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i). The applicable policy statement here provides that, if the defendant is not dangerous, extraordinary rea- sons exist when he is suffering from (1) a serious physical or medi- cal condition, (2) a serious functional or cognitive impairment, or (3) deteriorating physical or mental health because of the aging pro- cess; he is not expected to recover from the ailment; and the USCA11 Case: 21-11216 Date Filed: 09/28/2022 Page: 4 of 7 4 Opinion of the Court 21-11216 ailment significantly diminishes his capacity to care for himself within the environment of a correctional facility. U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13, cmt. n.1(A). We held in United States v. Bryant that § 1B1.13 is binding on courts even when the defendant files the compassionate-release motion. 996 F.3d 1243, 1262 (11th Cir. 2021), cert. denied, 142 S. Ct. 583. Extraordinary reasons are lim- ited to those listed in § 1B1.13. Id. Here, the district court did not abuse its discretion by deny- ing Erwin’s compassionate-release motion or his motion for recon- sideration. The court’s opinion denying his motion for compas- sionate release was sufficiently detailed for our review. See United States v. Giron, 15 F.4th 1343, 1346 (11th Cir. 2021) (affirming where court adopted government’s response). Erwin did not assert that he was suffering from a serious condition or impairment that hindered his ability to care for himself until his motion for recon- sideration, but he could not use that motion to raise arguments previously available to him. See Wilchombe, 555 F.3d at 957. The district court was not required to grant Erwin an evi- dentiary hearing—which he did not request until his motion for reconsideration—and he has abandoned any argument concerning a hearing by failing to provide supporting arguments on appeal. See United States v. Smith, 967 F.3d 1196, 1204 n.5 (11th Cir. 2020), cert. denied, 141 S. Ct. 2538 (2021). II USCA11 Case: 21-11216 Date Filed: 09/28/2022 Page: 5 of 7 21-11216 Opinion of the Court 5 Second, Erwin contends—for the first time on appeal—that the district court should have considered any place of confinement to which the Federal Bureau of Prisons could transfer him when assessing whether his medical condition significantly diminishes his capacity to care for himself. U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 cmt. n.1(A). We generally review errors that were not raised in the dis- trict court for plain error, and the appellant must establish that there was a (1) plain (2) error (3) affecting his substantial rights. Rosales-Mireles v. United States, 138 S. Ct. 1897, 1904–05 (2018). If he establishes each of those conditions, we have discretion to ad- dress an error not raised below if it substantially undermines judi- cial proceedings’ fairness, integrity, or reputation. Id. at 1905. Here, the district court did not err by failing to interpret § 1B1.13 in the way that Erwin proposed because the court did not indicate that it based its decision on his home confinement. In- stead, it relied on the government’s argument that Erwin didn’t sufficiently allege a qualifying medical condition. Erwin has not shown or argued plain error. See Rosales-Mireles, 138 S. Ct. at 1904–05. III Third, Erwin asserts that U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 doesn’t apply to a defendant-initiated compassionate-release motion and that this Court should overturn our precedent to align with our sister cir- cuits. USCA11 Case: 21-11216 Date Filed: 09/28/2022 Page: 6 of 7 6 Opinion of the Court 21-11216 Erwin’s argument is barred by Bryant. See Bryant, 996 F.3d at 1262 (holding that § 1B1.13 is binding on courts even when the defendant files the compassionate-release motion). The district court was not required to consider extraordinary circumstances be- yond those defined in § 1B1.13. See id. This Court can revisit previous rulings, such as Bryant, only through a rehearing en banc. A petition for rehearing en banc must be clearly labelled as such. 11th Cir. R. 35-5. Erwin has not filed a petition for an en banc rehearing. Therefore, this Court continues to apply Bryant to this case. IV Finally, Erwin argues that § 3582(c)(1)(A) and § 1B1.13 of the Guidelines provide a specific sequence of inquiries that the district court failed to follow in adjudicating his compassionate-release mo- tion. District courts need not analyze compassionate-release cases in a specific order. United States v. Tinker, 14 F.4th 1234, 1237–39 (11th Cir. 2021). If any necessary condition for compassionate re- lease is not satisfied, a court does not commit reversible error by skipping consideration of a different requirement. Id. In Giron, we held that a court did not abuse its discretion by addressing only whether an extraordinary and compelling reason existed without addressing the defendant’s dangerousness or the § 3553(a) sentenc- ing factors. 15 F.4th at 1347–50. USCA11 Case: 21-11216 Date Filed: 09/28/2022 Page: 7 of 7 21-11216 Opinion of the Court 7 The district court was not required to evaluate the require- ments applicable to Erwin’s motion for compassionate release in a specific order. See Tinker, 14 F.4th at 1237–38. Once it decided that he failed to show extraordinary circumstances, the district court was not required to consider the other compassionate-release requirements. Giron, 15 F.4th at 1347–50. *** For the foregoing reasons, we hold (1) that the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Erwin’s compassionate-re- lease motion or his motion for reconsideration; (2) that the district court did not err by failing to interpret § 1B1.13 in the way that Erwin proposed; (3) that the district court was not required to con- sider extraordinary circumstances beyond those defined in § 1B1.13; and (4) that the district court was not required to evaluate the requirements applicable to Erwin’s motion for compassionate release in a specific order. Accordingly, the district court’s judg- ment is affirmed. AFFIRMED.