IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 96-CA-00519-SCT
DAVID WAYNE HAILES
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND MAY NOT BE CITED,
PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-A
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 5/3/96
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. LARRY EUGENE ROBERTS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: CLARKE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: PRO SE
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: DEIRDRE McCRORY
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: E. J. MITCHELL, III
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 11/6/97
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED: 12/1/97
BEFORE SULLIVAN, P.J., ROBERTS AND SMITH, JJ.
ROBERTS, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
David Wayne Hailes was convicted in the Circuit Court of Clarke County on a charge of sale of
cocaine on March 6, 1992, and was sentenced to a term of thirty (30) years in the custody of the
Mississippi Department of Corrections and fined thirty thousand dollars ($30,000.00). The Circuit
Court of Clarke County denied a Motion for New Trial on March 13, 1992. Hailes appealed his
conviction and fine in which this Court affirmed the conviction and sentence per curiam and denied
the petition for rehearing.
Subsequently, Hailes filed a "Motion and Brief to Vacate Conviction and Sentence Under Post
Conviction Collateral Relief Act. . . ." This Court granted this motion November 15, 1995, thereby
permitting Hailes to file his motion for post-conviction relief with the Circuit Court of Clarke County.
The lower court denied this Motion by Order on May 3, 1996. It is from the proceedings below that
Hailes brings this matter before this Court on appeal raising the following:
I. WHETHER HAILES WAS DEPRIVED OF HIS RIGHT TO A FAIR AND IMPARTIAL
JURY BECAUSE OF JUROR'S FAILURE TO DISCLOSE INFORMATION DURING
VOIR DIRE CONCERNING HER COMPETENCY TO SIT ON THE CASE.
II. WHETHER HAILES WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL IN
VIOLATION OF HIS SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT RIGHTS.
III. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING THE
STATE TO QUESTION DEFENSE WITNESS ABOUT CRIMINAL CHARGES FOR
WHICH HAILES HAD NOT BEEN CONVICTED.
IV. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING THE
STATE TO THREATEN DEFENSE WITNESS WITH CHARGE OF PERJURY IN THE
PRESENCE OF THE JURY.
V. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING
STATE TO IMPEACH HAILES WITH EVIDENCE OF OTHER CRIMES WITHOUT
AFFORDING HIM THE OPPORTUNITY TO REFUTE THESE CLAIMS ON RE-DIRECT.
VI. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING
STATE WITNESS TO TESTIFY TO OTHER CRIMINAL CHARGES ON REBUTTAL
WHICH WERE NOT FOUND IN THE INDICTMENT AND FOR WHICH HAILES HAD
NOT BEEN CONVICTED.
VII. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING
STATE WITNESS TO TESTIFY TO OTHER CRIMINAL CHARGES OF HAILES IN THE
STATE'S CASE IN CHIEF.
Furthermore, in the brief submitted, Hailes presented an additional issue:
VIII. WHETHER THE PROSECUTOR'S FAILURE TO DISCLOSE INFORMATION
CONCERNING A JUROR OF THE TRIAL CONSTITUTED PROSECUTORIAL
MISCONDUCT, WHICH REQUIRED A NEW TRIAL.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS
Hailes claims in his Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Motion that he was deprived of his
constitutional right to a fair and impartial trial because Juror Brenda McKines' husband was an
undercover narcotics agent and this fact was not revealed to the Court during the voir dire phase of
trial. Hailes alleged that he became aware of this fact four (4) days after he was convicted of selling
cocaine while he was still incarcerated in the Clarke County jail.
Hailes further alleged that Juror McKines approached him at the jail and stated that she should not
have served on his jury because her husband was a narcotics agent for Clarke County and helped
investigate the crime for which Hailes was on trial. She also stated that her husband knew that Hailes
had been under investigation for the sale of cocaine. She then apologized to Hailes for not revealing
the information to the Court.
After learning this information, Hailes contends that he informed his attorney, Mark Howard, of the
same and that Attorney Howard failed to utilize this information in a Motion for New Trial or to get
his conviction reversed on appeal.
However, Juror McKines testified that she did not make any such statements to Hailes. In fact, she
recalled going to the Clarke County jail with a church prayer group where Hailes saw her and began
shouting and cursing at her, stating that he hated her. Juror McKines also testified that she and her
husband, Willie McKines, were married at the time she served on the jury of Hailes' trial. However,
they were estranged at this time, were not living together, nor had they ever lived together for any
significant period of time since being married in 1990. They did live together for a brief amount of
time after the trial. Thus, Juror McKines did not return home to her husband or discuss Hailes' trial
with him until after the trial, and only after Mr. McKines witnessed Hailes curse Juror McKines in the
jail.
Juror McKines knew that her husband was an undercover narcotics agent, but he never discussed any
of his cases with her, including the Hailes case. Furthermore, Mr. McKines did not know that Juror
McKines was serving on the jury until he happened to see her in the courtroom by chance. Juror
McKines testified that she did not inform the court of her marriage to a law enforcement officer
during voir dire because she was never asked that question. Mr. and Mrs. McKines are now presently
divorced.
Mr. McKines' testimony corroborated the testimony of Mrs. McKines. He further testified that he
was employed with the Quitman Police Department, and that he had no involvement in the
investigation or prosecution of Mr. Hailes. In fact, Hailes was investigated by the Mississippi Bureau
of Narcotics (MBN). The only law enforcement officers who testified at the trial of Hailes were
associated with the MBN. He also stated that he was present for part of the trial as a spectator and
until that time had no idea that Mrs. McKines was serving on the jury until he saw her in the jury box
after she had been chosen as a juror. When he realized that his wife was on the jury, Mr. McKines
informed someone in the District Attorney's Office of the same.
Attorney Mark Howard testified that while he did not question the jurors during voir dire as to
whether they were related to or married to law enforcement officers, that had he asked such a
question, he would not necessarily have peremptorily stricken Juror McKines. He attributed this
primarily to the McKines' estranged marriage. However, he did ask the jurors whether they were or
had been personally associated with any law enforcement agency.
Attorney Howard further testified that when he read Mrs. McKines' juror questionnaire form prior to
the voir dire phase of trial, he did not understand or could not read the "QPD" entry on the form for
"Employment of Spouse." Such an entry indicates that Juror McKines husband is employed with the
Quitman Police Department.
Attorney Howard also testified that he thought that he and Hailes had a good attorney-client
relationship prior to trial and during trial, until Hailes testified that he had taken a leave of absence
from work and that he had never tested positive for drugs. This testimony was impeached when
Hailes' former employer testified that Hailes was terminated from employment due to several tests in
which he tested positive for cocaine.
Attorney Howard testified that Hailes never mentioned Mr. McKines involvement in Hailes' case in
any way, despite the fact that at the hearings in this matter Hailes stressed the fact that Mr. McKines
had questioned him and investigated him on the Sale of Cocaine charge for which he was convicted.
Finally, Hailes testified at the hearings in this matter. Interestingly, Hailes did not testify to certain
matters which he alleged in his petition. For example, Hailes did not testify that he told Attorney
Howard about the juror misconduct issue four (4) days after trial. Hailes also did not testify that Ms.
McKines told him that she should not have sat on his jury. Hailes further failed to testify or present
evidence that Juror McKines and Willie McKines had any contact or communication during the trial,
aside from the statement made to Juror McKines informing her that he told the District Attorney's
Office they were married.
DISCUSSION OF THE ISSUES
I. WHETHER HAILES WAS DEPRIVED OF HIS RIGHT TO A FAIR AND IMPARTIAL
JURY BECAUSE OF JUROR'S FAILURE TO DISCLOSE INFORMATION DURING VOIR
DIRE CONCERNING HER COMPETENCY TO SIT ON THE CASE.
In his motion for post-conviction relief, Hailes alleged that he had been deprived of a fair and
impartial jury by the empaneling of Ms. McKines who failed to disclose during voir dire that she was
married to a law enforcement officer. In Odom v. State, this Court held that failure to respond to a
question in voir dire does not warrant a new trial unless the trial court determines that the question
propounded to the juror was 1) relevant to the voir dire examination, 2) unambiguous, and 3)such
that the juror had substantial knowledge of the information sought to be elicited. Odom v. State, 355
So.2d 1381, 1383 (Miss. 1978). "If the trial court answers these three inquiries in the affirmative,
then the court determines whether prejudice to the defendant could be inferred. If so, then a new trial
is ordered." Fleming v. State, 687 So.2d 146, 148 (Miss. 1997). The review in this case is limited to
whether the trial judge's decision on whether the jury was fair and impartial is clearly wrong.
Fleming at 148; Chase v. State, 645 So.2d 829, 847 (Miss. 1994).
"It imports an objective test: in the face of a clearly worded question propounded on voir dire
examination, one that bears relevance to the case at bar, has the juror withheld substantial
information or misrepresented material facts?" Myers v. State, 565 So.2d 554, 558 (Miss. 1990).
Thus, the question presented in this case is whether Juror McKines misrepresented material facts or
withheld substantial information during voir dire examination in direct response to a clearly worded
and unambiguous question. A review of the record reveals that jurors were never asked in voir dire
whether they were related to or married to law enforcement officers. Odom inquiries do not appear
to be invoked because there was no direct, unambiguous question which required Juror McKines to
respond that she was married to a law enforcement officer.
However, the jury was asked several other questions by the court and attorneys regarding their
personal feelings about the nature of the present case or whether they had any personal experiences
that were related to the type of charge in the case which would make it difficult to be a fair and
impartial juror. Juror McKines did not respond to any of these questions. The jury was also asked
whether any of them knew Hailes or his family, to which Juror McKines responded that she knew
Hailes and his family. Juror McKines was questioned further about her knowledge of Hailes and
responded that she would be able to be fair to both the defendant and the State.
The issue now turns on whether Juror McKines should have announced that she was married to a law
enforcement officer in response to any of these type questions. In order to determine that Juror
McKines withheld or misrepresented information, any or all of these questions would necessarily
have to be interpreted, according to Odom and its progeny, as asking jurors whether they were
married to law enforcement officers. This Court finds that such general questions are necessarily
ambiguous and could not be subject only to this one interpretation.
Furthermore, had the court been apprised of the fact that Juror McKines was married to a law
enforcement officer, that she and her husband were estranged, that they did not live in the same
house together, that they did not discuss Mr. McKines cases, that Mr. McKines did not even know
that Mrs. McKines had been called for jury duty, that Mr. McKines was not involved in the
investigation or in any aspect of this case --and had Mrs. McKines stated that she could be fair and
impartial to both sides, the court would not have had a valid basis to strike her for cause. Myers v.
State, 565 So.2d 554, 558 (Miss. 1990); T.K. Stanley, Inc. v. Cason, 614 So.2d 942, 949 (Miss.
1992). Only when a juror should have been stricken for cause will prejudice be presumed. Myers, 565
So.2d at 558.
Furthermore, the Court is not convinced that the defense attorney would have used a peremptory
challenge, based upon the foregoing and upon the fact that Juror McKines knew Hailes and his
family. This could equally be a reason not to strike her from a tactical standpoint for the defense. Id.
Moreover, Attorney Howard testified that he may not have stricken Juror McKines had he known
that she was estranged from her husband. In sum, the fact that Ms. McKines was the wife of a law
enforcement officer does not prove that Hailes was prejudiced by the participation of Ms. McKines as
a juror in his trial. McNeal v. State, 617 So.2d 999, 1004 (Miss. 1993). This leads this Court to the
unequivocal conclusion that the trial court did not abuse his broad discretion in determining that
Hailes was not entitled to a new trial.
II. WHETHER HAILES WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL IN
VIOLATION OF HIS SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT RIGHTS.
The second issue which must be addressed is whether Attorney Mark Howard provided ineffective
assistance of counsel to Hailes as it relates to the juror misconduct issue. The standard in determining
ineffective assistance of counsel is a two-pronged test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466
U.S. 668 (1984). "The test to be applied is (1) whether counsel's overall performance was deficient
and (2) whether or not the deficient performance, if any, prejudiced the defense." Taylor v. State,
682 So.2d 359, 363 (Miss. 1996). The defendant has the burden of proving both prongs. Id. "The
adequacy of counsel's performance, as to its deficiency and prejudicial effect, should be measured by
a 'totality of the circumstances.'" Id. However, there is a strong, yet rebuttable, presumption that the
actions by the defense counsel were reasonable and strategic. Cole v. State, 666 So.2d 767, 775
(Miss. 1995). "In short, defense counsel is presumed competent." Foster v. State, 687 So.2d 1124,
1130 (Miss. 1996), see also Johnson v. State, 476 So.2d 1195, 1204 (Miss. 1985).
The Court in Strickland gave the following guidelines for judicial evaluation of attorney
performance:
No particular set of detailed rules for counsel's conduct can satisfactorily take count of the
variety of circumstances faced by defense counsel or the range of legitimate decisions regarding
how best to represent a criminal defendant. Any such set of rules would interfere with the
constitutionally protected independence of counsel and restrict the wide latitude counsel must
have in making tactical decisions. [citation omitted] Indeed, the existence of detailed guidelines
for representation could distract counsel from the overriding mission of vigorous advocacy of
the defendant's cause. Moreover, the purpose of the effective assistance guarantee of the Sixth
Amendment is not to improve the quality of legal representation, although that is a goal of
considerable importance to the legal system. The purpose is simply to ensure that criminal
defendants receive a fair trial.
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688-89..
In applying Strickland's first prong to the case at bar, it must first be determined whether Attorney
Howard's performance was deficient by professional standards, as it relates to the juror misconduct
issue. This presents the question of whether Attorney Howard should have asked a question in voir
dire as to whether any of the jurors were related to or married to any type of law enforcement officer.
Attorney Howard did not ask this question. He did, however, ask if any of the jurors had been in law
enforcement. Attorney Howard also asked whether there was any reason that the jurors felt they
could not be fair and impartial in reaching a verdict in Hailes' trial.
It is this Court's opinion that such a question should be considered as part of Attorney Howard's trial
strategy. Stringer v. State , 454 So.2d 468, 477 (Miss. 1984). Attorney Howard's reason for asking
or not asking such a question is strictly the product of reasonable tactical judgment. The record
shows that Juror McKines knew Hailes and his family. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that
Attorney Howard decided that this was a positive factor for the defense.
The only other possible issue of ineffective assistance of counsel warranted by the evidence is
whether Attorney Howard had knowledge of the allegations of juror misconduct at the time he
properly filed a Motion for New Trial. There was not sufficient testimony or evidence presented by
Hailes to establish that Attorney Howard had knowledge of the allegations of juror misconduct at the
time he properly filed the Motion for New Trial on March 13, 1992. Moreover, Attorney Howard
testified that he did not have knowledge of this issue at the time he filed a new trial motion. He did
learn of this prior to filing the appellate brief which does address the juror misconduct issue. The
Court finds that Attorney Howard did not learn about the juror misconduct issue until after the time
had run for post trial motions. Therefore, Attorney Howard's conduct falls within the wide range of
reasonable professional assistance and does not amount to deficient performance.
Based upon the foregoing, this Court holds that Attorney Howard was not deficient pursuant to the
first prong of Strickland, by either failing to ask a particular question during voir dire, or by not
including the juror misconduct issue in his Motion for New Trial. There is no need to proceed to the
second prong of prejudice due to a deficiency, as none existed. Thus, Hailes failed to prove that he
was rendered ineffective assistance of counsel and is not entitled to relief under this portion of his
petition.
III. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING THE
STATE TO QUESTION DEFENSE WITNESS ABOUT CRIMINAL CHARGES WHICH
HAILES HAD NOT BEEN CONVICTED.
IV. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING
STATE TO THREATEN DEFENSE WITNESS WITH CHARGE OF PERJURY IN THE
PRESENCE OF THE JURY.
V. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING
STATE TO IMPEACH HAILES WITH EVIDENCE OF OTHER CRIMES WITH OUT
AFFORDING HIM THE OPPORTUNITY TO REFUTE THESE CLAIMS ON REDIRECT.
VI. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING
STATE WITNESS TO TESTIFY TO OTHER CRIMINAL CHARGES ON REBUTTAL
WHICH WERE NOT FOUND IN THE INDICTMENT AND FOR WHICH HAILES HAD
NOT BEEN CONVICTED.
VII. WHETHER THE COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN ALLOWING
STATE WITNESS TO TESTIFY TO OTHER CRIMINAL CHARGES OF HAILES IN THE
STATE'S CASE IN CHIEF.
VIII. WHETHER THE PROSECUTOR'S FAILURE TO DISCLOSE INFORMATION
CONCERNING A JUROR OF THE TRIAL CONSTITUTED PROSECUTORIAL
MISCONDUCT, WHICH REQUIRED A NEW TRIAL.
These six issues all have a similar legal analysis and will be considered together in order to foster an
efficient analysis of this appeal.
The purpose of post-conviction proceedings is to bring to the attention of the trial courts facts not
known at the time of judgment. Foster v. State, 687 So.2d 1124, 1129 (Miss. 1996). "[P]ost-
conviction relief does not lie for facts and issues which were litigated at trial or on direct appeal.
Similarly, post-conviction relief is not granted upon facts and issues which could or should have been
litigated at trial or on appeal." Cole v. State, 666 So.2d 767, 773 (Miss. 1995); See also Miss. Code
Ann. § 99-39-21(1994). All six issues risen by Hailes are subject to res judicata or waived and, thus,
procedurally barred in that these issues were either decided or could have been decided at trial or on
direct appeal. This includes the issue of prosecutorial misconduct which was not raised at trial nor on
appeal, but it could and should have been and no reason is advanced by Hailes for his failure to raise
the prosecutorial misconduct, if any, in a timely fashion. "By this failure, this allegation has been
waived and is outside the scope of this Court's collateral review." Billiot v. State, 478 So.2d 1043,
1045 (Miss. 1985).
Therefore, all six of these claims are barred and cannot be considered in this post-conviction relief.
CONCLUSION
The argument set forth by Hailes, that he was denied a fair and impartial jury because of the
impaneling of Juror McKines, is not a successful one. In order to get to the Odom inquiries, there
must be a failure or refusal by the juror to respond to a question on voir dire. However, there was no
failure or refusal to answer questions on voir dire on the part of Juror McKines. There was no
prejudice suffered by Hailes as a result of Juror McKines being impaneled as a juror nor was he
denied the opportunity to exercise peremptory challenge, especially after Hailes found out that she
knew him and his family. There is no indication that the court's judgment was wrong, and there was
no error in denying the motion for a new trial on this claim.
Furthermore, Hailes has failed to meet the two-prong Strickland test regarding his claims of
ineffective assistance of counsel. Attorney Howard's decision to ask or not to ask certain questions
during voir dire should be considered part of his trial strategy and, thus, do not met the two-prong
test. Additionally, Attorney Howard was not aware of the allegations of jury misconduct until after
the time had run for post trial motions. He could not include this allegation at the time he properly
filed the Motion for New Trial. Therefore, Attorney Howard's performance was within the bounds of
professional standards and was not deficient. Accordingly, Hailes' claims of ineffective assistance of
counsel are without merit.
Lastly, the remaining six issues brought before this Court are barred under Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-
21 because they were either decided or could have been decided at trial or on direct appeal.
LOWER COURT'S DENIAL OF POST-CONVICTION RELIEF AFFIRMED.
LEE, C.J., PRATHER AND SULLIVAN, P.JJ., PITTMAN, BANKS, McRAE, SMITH AND
MILLS, JJ., CONCUR.