Filed 5/21/13 Certain Underwriters at Lloyd‟s of London v. Bart Enterprises CA2/7
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for B
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION SEVEN
CERTAIN UNDERWRITERS AT B244323
LLOYD‟S OF LONDON, ETC.,
(Los Angeles County Super. Ct.
Plaintiffs and Appellants, Nos. BS138092 and BC489098)
v.
BART ENTERPRISES
INTERNATIONAL, LTD.,
Defendant and Respondent.
___________________________________
BART ENTERPRISES
INTERNATIONAL, LTD.,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
CERTAIN UNDERWRITERS AT
LLOYD‟S OF LONDON, ETC.,
Defendants and Appellants.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Maureen
Duffy-Lewis, Judge. Reversed and remanded with directions.
Freeman, Freeman & Smiley, Gerald M. Fisher, Joanne M. Frasca, John D. Van
Ackeren, and Robert S. Crowder for Appellants Certain Underwriters at Lloyd‟s of
London.
Gerald Peters; Stolar & Associates and Steven R. Stolar for Respondent Bart
Enterprises International.
_______________________
In these consolidated actions, appellants Certain Underwriters at Lloyd‟s of
London, etc. (Underwriters) appeal from the trial court‟s order denying their petitions to
1
compel arbitration pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 1281.2 and the terms of a
marine insurance policy issued to respondent Bart Enterprises International, Ltd. After the
insured property was allegedly stolen in transit, a dispute arose between the parties over
the actual value of the property and the proper method of valuation under the policy.
Underwriters filed a petition to compel an appraisal of the value of the property pursuant
to an arbitration clause in the policy. In response, Bart filed a declaratory relief action
seeking an order that the policy was a valued policy under the Insurance Code and that the
valuation stated in the policy was conclusive between the parties in the adjustment of the
2
loss. The trial court denied Underwriters‟ petitions to compel arbitration, finding that the
dispute about whether the policy was a valued or open policy was the proper subject of an
action for declaratory relief. We conclude that the trial court should have granted the
petitions, and pursuant to section 1281.2, subdivision (c), exercised its discretion to decide
whether to stay either the judicial or appraisal proceedings. We therefore reverse and
remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
I. Insurance Policy Issued by Underwriters to Bart
Bart is a Bahamian company solely owned and controlled by Guillermo Bakula.
Bart owned a master tape video library of footage featuring performances by a Latin
astrologer and psychic, Walter Mercado. Bart was in the business of licensing the video
1 Unless otherwise stated, all further statutory references are to the Code of Civil
Procedure.
2 Under the Insurance Code, “[a] policy is either open or valued.” (Ins. Code,
§ 410.) “An open policy is one in which the value of the subject matter is not agreed
upon, but is left to be ascertained in case of loss.” (Ins. Code, § 411.) “A valued policy
is one which expresses on its face an agreement that the thing insured shall be valued at
a specified sum.” (Ins. Code, § 412.)
library for use in Latin America and parts of the United States. Between 1995 and 2005,
Bart averaged about $1.8 million in annual gross revenue, primarily from this business
venture.
In 2008, Bart entered into license agreements with a company called Bakus
3
International, Inc. which was owned by Salvador Aristides. The licenses granted Bakus
the exclusive right to use the video library over a twenty-year period in exchange for
Bakus‟s promise to pay Bart $50,134,275 in 72 monthly installments. The $50,134,275
in licensing fees were based on an hourly rate multiplied by the number of tape hours to
be used, as agreed upon by Bart and Bakus. The license agreements required Bakus to
provide a standby letter of credit as security for the payments owed to Bart.
On May 11, 2010, Bart purchased a marine insurance policy from Underwriters to
insure the video library against risk of loss or damage during its transit from Miami,
Florida to Los Angeles, California. The policy included a provision entitled “Basis of
Valuation” which stated as follows: “[$]8,500 per tape hour for U.S.A. and [$]37,400 per
tape hour for all other parts of the World.” The policy also included a separate provision
entitled “Sum Insured” which listed the following amount: “[$]50,134,275.” The figures
set forth in the “Basis of Valuation” and “Sum Insured” provisions were based solely on
representations made by Bart via its chain of brokers and were not independently verified
by Underwriters prior to issuing the policy.
The policy contained an “Arbitration” clause which provided as follows: “In the
event that the Assured and the Underwriters fail to agree as to the amount of loss or
damage, the same shall be ascertained by two competent and disinterested Appraisers, the
Assured and the Underwriters each selecting one, and the two so chosen shall first select
a competent and disinterested Umpire. The Appraisers together shall then estimate and
appraise the loss stating separately the sound values and damage, and failing to agree,
3 Although the license agreements stated that Bakus was located in Santiago, Chile,
Underwriters later learned that Bakus had never maintained an office at that location nor
been licensed to do business at that location under Chilean law.
3
shall submit their differences to the Umpire. The award in writing of any two out of
those three shall determine the amount of the loss. The Assured and the Underwriters
shall pay the Appraisers respectively selected by them and shall bear equally the expense
of the Appraisal and Umpire.” The policy also included the following
“Misrepresentation and Fraud” clause: “This Insurance shall be void if the Assured has
concealed or misrepresented any material fact or circumstance concerning this Insurance
or the subject thereof or in the case of any fraud, attempted fraud or false swearing by the
Assured touching any matter relating to this Insurance or the subject thereof, whether
before or after loss.”
II. Total Loss of Insured Property
On May 18, 2011, a week after the policy was issued, Bart reported that the entire
video library had been stolen as it was being transported by truck to Los Angeles.
According to Bart, the driver of the truck had stopped at a truck stop in Coachella,
California to purchase fuel, eat, and shower. When he left the store located at the truck
stop a few hours later, the truck had vanished. Although Bart had hired a private
investigator to covertly follow the truck on its cross-country trip, the investigator was not
present at the scene of the theft because he had checked into a local motel after the truck
stopped in Coachella. The following morning, the investigator located the truck about a
mile from the truck stop; all of its contents, including the video library, were missing.
In September 2011, Bart submitted a formal Proof of Loss in which Bakula stated,
under penalty of perjury, that the actual cash value of the video library at the time of loss
was $75 million. In response to Bart‟s notification of the loss, Underwriters commenced
an investigation of the claim. As part of the investigation, Underwriters‟ counsel took
examinations under oath of various witnesses, including Bakula, his bookkeeper,
Aristides, the truck driver, and the private investigator. Underwriters‟ investigation
showed that, at the time Bart made representations about the value of the video library, its
licensee, Bakus, lacked any apparent financial ability to pay the license fees totaling
$50,134,275 and had made no arrangements to obtain the requisite standby letter of credit
4
securing the payments owed to Bart. Underwriters also retained an economist and
valuation expert, Andrew Safir, to confirm the amount of loss claimed by Bart by
determining the actual cash value of the missing video library. After reviewing the
testimony and other evidence obtained by Underwriters, Safir concluded that the actual
cash value of the video library was not more than $1 million.
III. Underwriters’ Demand for an Appraisal
In May 2012, Underwriters made a written demand for an appraisal to determine
the actual value of the claimed loss pursuant to the arbitration clause in the policy.
Underwriters indicated they were invoking the arbitration clause because there appeared
to be a material difference between the commercial value of the video library, as
determined by their valuation expert, and the value represented to Underwriters by Bart.
In its written response, Bart asserted that the policy was a valued policy under Insurance
Code section 412 and that Underwriters were bound by the “Sum Insured” value stated in
the policy because there was a total loss of the video library. Bart refused to arbitrate the
parties‟ dispute unless the appraisal was limited to the number of tape hours stolen rather
than the value of the stolen tapes.
IV. Civil Actions Filed by Underwriters and Bart
In June 2012, Underwriters filed a verified petition to compel arbitration pursuant
to sections 1281.2 and 1281.6 (Los Angeles County Superior Court Case No. BS138092).
In their petition, Underwriters alleged that a dispute had arisen between the parties about
the value of the claimed loss and that Bart had refused to arbitrate the dispute through an
appraisal. Underwriters sought an order compelling Bart to participate in an appraisal of
the actual value of the insured property in accordance with the arbitration clause in the
policy.
In July 2012, Bart filed a verified response to the petition and a separate action
against Underwriters for declaratory relief (Los Angeles County Superior Court Case
No. BC4898098). Bart requested a declaratory judgment that (1) the policy was a valued
policy within the meaning of Insurance Code section 412, and (2) each tape hour lost be
5
valued at a rate of $8,500 for the United States and $37,400 for the rest of the world as
the conclusive valuation between the parties pursuant to Insurance Code section 1987.
Bart also sought an order prohibiting any arbitration until the issues raised in its
declaratory relief action had been resolved by the court.
In August 2012, Underwriters filed a second verified petition to compel
arbitration, and moved to stay the declaratory relief action pending completion of an
appraisal pursuant to section 1281.4. Underwriters also filed a motion to consolidate the
two actions for all purposes based on their common issues of law and fact.
V. Trial Court’s Ruling
On September 24, 2012, the trial court heard Underwriters‟ petitions to compel
arbitration, and its motions to stay and to consolidate. On October 1, 2012, after taking
the matter under submission, the trial court issued a minute order granting the motion to
consolidate, but denying both petitions to compel arbitration. With respect to the
petitions to compel arbitration, the minute order stated as follows: “The question is: Is
the coverage „valued or an open policy‟? [¶] The court finds it is the proper subject of a
declaratory relief action.” On that basis, the trial court also found that the motion to stay
was moot. Underwriters filed a timely appeal from the trial court‟s order.
DISCUSSION
Underwriters contend that the trial court erred in denying their petitions to compel
arbitration because they proved the existence of a valid agreement to arbitrate the parties‟
dispute about actual value and none of the statutory exceptions to arbitration set forth in
section 1281.2 apply. Bart asserts that the trial court‟s ruling was correct because the
parties‟ dispute about the proper method of valuation under the policy is not subject to
the arbitration provision and the resolution of the coverage dispute may render an
appraisal of the actual value of the property unnecessary under section 1281.2,
subdivision (c).
6
I. General Law Governing Arbitration
“When the parties to an arbitrable controversy have agreed in writing to arbitrate it
and one has refused, the court, under section 1281.2, must ordinarily grant a petition to
compel arbitration.” (Wagner Construction Co. v. Pacific Mechanical Corp. (2007) 41
Cal.4th 19, 26, fn. omitted.) Section 1281.2 provides, in pertinent part, that “[o]n petition
of a party to an arbitration agreement alleging the existence of a written agreement to
arbitrate a controversy and that a party thereto refuses to arbitrate such controversy,
the court shall order the petitioner and the respondent to arbitrate the controversy if it
determines that an agreement to arbitrate the controversy exists,” unless one of three
enumerated exceptions applies. Once the existence of a valid arbitration clause has been
established, “[t]he burden is on „the party opposing arbitration to demonstrate that [the]
arbitration clause cannot be interpreted to require arbitration of the dispute.‟” (Buckhorn
v. St. Jude Heritage Medical Group (2004) 121 Cal.App.4th 1401, 1406.)
“California courts have uniformly acknowledged that there is a strong public
policy in favor of arbitration. [Citations.]” (Suh v. Superior Court (2010) 181
Cal.App.4th 1504, 1512; see also Wagner Construction Co. v. Pacific Mechanical Corp.,
supra, 41 Cal.4th at p. 25 [arbitration statutes “reflect a „“strong public policy in favor of
arbitration as a speedy and relatively inexpensive means of dispute resolution”‟”].)
Consistent with this policy, any “„doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable issues are to
be resolved in favor of arbitration.‟” (Suh v. Superior Court, supra, at p. 1512; see also
Coast Plaza Doctors Hospital v. Blue Cross of California (2000) 83 Cal.App.4th 677,
687 [“California has a strong public policy in favor of arbitration and any doubts
regarding the arbitrability of a dispute are resolved in favor of arbitration”].) On the
other hand, “„[t]here is no public policy favoring arbitration of disputes which the parties
have not agreed to arbitrate.‟” (Titolo v. Cano (2007) 157 Cal.App.4th 310, 317.)
“In general, „[t]here is no uniform standard of review for evaluating an order
denying a [petition] to compel arbitration. [Citation.] If the court‟s order is based on a
decision of fact, then we adopt a substantial evidence standard. [Citations.]
Alternatively, if the court‟s denial rests solely on a decision of law, then a de novo
7
standard of review is employed. [Citations.]‟ [Citation.]” (Laswell v. AG Seal Beach,
LLC (2010) 189 Cal.App.4th 1399, 1406 (Laswell).) Whether a statutory exception to
arbitration applies under section 1281.2 is ordinarily a matter of law subject to de novo
review. (Ibid.; RN Solutions, Inc. v. Catholic Healthcare West (2008) 165 Cal.App.4th
1511, 1519 (RN Solutions); Rowe v. Exline (2007) 153 Cal.App.4th 1276, 1283 (Rowe).)
II. Insurance Appraisals are a Form of Arbitration
“An appraisal provision in an insurance policy constitutes an agreement for
contractual arbitration. [Citations.]” (Doan v. State Farm General Ins. Co. (2011) 195
Cal.App.4th 1082, 1093 (Doan); see also Louise Gardens of Encino Homeowners’ Assn.,
Inc. v. Truck Ins. Exchange, Inc. (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 648, 658 [“[a]n agreement to
conduct an appraisal contained in a policy of insurance . . . is considered to be an
arbitration agreement subject to the statutory contractual arbitration law”].) Accordingly,
“[a]ppraisal hearings are a form of arbitration and are generally subject to rules governing
arbitration.” (Kacha v. Allstate Ins. Co. (2006) 140 Cal.App.4th 1023, 1031 (Kacha);
see also Devonwood Condominium Owners Assn. v. Farmers Ins. Exchange (2008) 162
Cal.App.4th 1498, 1505 (Devonwood) [“appraisal award proceedings are subject to the
arbitration provisions outlined in the California Arbitration Act”].) However, while
“arbitrators are frequently, by the terms of the agreement providing for arbitration, . . .
given broad powers [citation], appraisers generally have more limited powers.”
(Jefferson Ins. Co. v. Superior Court (1970) 3 Cal.3d 398, 403 (Jefferson).)
Specifically, “„[t]he function of appraisers is to determine the amount of damage
resulting to various items submitted for their consideration.‟” (Jefferson, supra, at
p. 403; see also Safeco Ins. Co. v. Sharma (1984) 160 Cal.App.3d 1060, 1063 (Safeco)
[“appraisers have the power only to determine a specific question of fact, „namely, the
actual cash value of the insured [item]‟”].) It is “„not their function to resolve questions
of coverage and interpret provisions of the policy.‟” (Jefferson, supra, at p. 403; see also
Kirkwood v. California State Automobile Assn. Inter-Ins. Bureau (2011) 193 Cal.App.4th
49, 58-59 (Kirkwood) [“[a]ppraisers have no power to interpret the insurance contract
8
or the governing statutes”]; Doan, supra, 195 Cal.App.4th at p. 1094 [“„[m]atters of
statutory construction, contract interpretation and policy coverage are not encompassed
within the ambit of [an insurance] appraisal‟”].) Likewise, an appraisal panel generally
lacks the authority “to determine whether an insured lost what he [or she] claimed to have
lost or something different.” (Safeco, supra, at p. 1065.) While “an insurer is free to
litigate whether the insured has misrepresented what he [or she] lost,” issues of fraud or
misrepresentation by the insured are “beyond the scope of an appraisal.” (Id. at p. 1066;
see also Kacha, supra, 140 Cal.App.4th at p. 1033.)
III. Appraisal Proceedings May be Stayed under Section 1281.2, Subdivision (c)
Although section 1281.2 generally requires a trial court to order the parties to
arbitrate a dispute once the existence of a valid arbitration agreement covering that
dispute is established, subdivision (c) of the statute grants the court discretion to stay an
arbitration proceeding. Specifically, section 1281.2, subdivision (c) provides: “If the
court determines that there are other issues between the petitioner and the respondent
which are not subject to arbitration and which are the subject of a pending action or
special proceeding between the petitioner and the respondent and that a determination of
such issues may make the arbitration unnecessary, the court may delay its order to
arbitrate until the determination of such other issues or until such earlier time as the court
specifies.”
Under this statutory provision and the case law construing it, trial courts have
discretion to sever arbitrable claims from nonarbitrable claims and to stay either
proceeding pending the outcome of the other. (Acquire II, Ltd. v. Colton Real Estate
Group (2013) 213 Cal.App.4th 959, 977-978 (Acquire II); RN Solutions, supra, 165
Cal.App.4th at pp. 1521-1522.) An insurance appraisal proceeding also may be stayed
pursuant to this discretionary authority to permit the resolution of policy interpretation or
coverage issues. (Doan, supra, 195 Cal.App.4th at p. 1100-1101; Kirkwood, supra, 193
Cal.App.4th at p. 62-63.) When section 1281.2, subdivision (c) applies, the trial court‟s
decision as to whether to stay the arbitration or judicial proceedings is reviewed for an
9
abuse of discretion. (Acquire II, supra, at p. 971; see also Laswell, supra, 189
Cal.App.4th at p. 1406 [“trial court‟s discretionary decision as to whether to stay or deny
arbitration is subject to review for abuse”]; Rowe, supra, 153 Cal.App.4th at p. 1283 [trial
court‟s “decision as to how to proceed in a situation governed by section 1281.2,
subdivision (c), is reviewed for an abuse of discretion”].)
In Doan, supra, 195 Cal.App.4th 1082, the plaintiff obtained a property insurance
policy from State Farm which contained a valuation appraisal clause. After the insured‟s
home and its contents were destroyed by a fire, the parties were unable to agree on the
value of the lost personal property. Acting on behalf of himself and other State Farm
policyholders in California, the insured filed a putative class action for declaratory and
other relief, alleging that State Farm‟s method of calculating depreciation based solely on
the age of the insured property violated the terms of the policy and the Insurance Code.
(Id. at pp. 1087-1089.) The trial court sustained State Farm‟s demurrer to the complaint
without leave to amend on the ground that the insured had failed to first submit his
valuation dispute to an appraisal. (Id. at p. 1090.) The Court of Appeal reversed, holding
that the insured could pursue his cause of action for declaratory relief because the
statutory and contractual interpretation issues raised in his action were beyond the limited
authority of an appraisal panel to decide. (Id. at p. 1098.)
Turning to the question of whether the interpretation issues or the valuation issue
should be resolved first, the appellate court in Doan concluded that, under section 1281.2,
subdivision (c), “insurance appraisals – like arbitration proceedings – may be stayed
pending the resolution of legal issues that lie outside the appraiser‟s jurisdiction.” (Doan,
supra, 195 Cal.App.4th at p. 1101.) The court further observed that “it is particularly
appropriate to do so where a determination of the legal issues may obviate the need for
an appraisal or inform the appraisal process.” (Ibid.) Given the insured‟s allegations, a
judicial declaration that State Farm‟s depreciation practice did not violate the Insurance
Code or the policy could make an appraisal unnecessary. (Id. at p. 1104.) Because it
appeared the trial court was unaware of its discretionary authority under section 1281.2,
10
the matter was remanded to the trial court with directions to “exercise its discretion to
consider whether and when declaratory relief should be granted.” (Id. at p. 1105.)
Similarly, in Kirkwood, supra, 193 Cal.App.4th 49, the plaintiff brought a putative
class action for declaratory and other relief against his insurer, alleging that the insurer‟s
use of a standardized depreciation schedule that did not consider the physical condition of
the insured property at the time of loss violated the Insurance Code as well as the parties‟
contract. The trial court denied without prejudice the insurer‟s motion to compel
arbitration. (Id. at pp. 55-56.) The Court of Appeal affirmed, agreeing with the trial
court‟s conclusion “an appraisal was not mandated „right now‟ because the declaratory
relief cause of action asked the court to make a declaration that [the insurer] was
misconstruing [the Insurance Code].” (Id. at p. 57.) As the appellate court explained,
“notwithstanding that the parties do dispute the actual cash value of the subject property,
an actual controversy exists . . . about the proper interpretation of [the statute] within the
context of adjusting a property loss claim, thus entitling [the insured] to declaratory
relief. . . . [¶] The contractual and statutory interpretation issues presented in the
complaint are not encompassed within the appraisal process . . ., and therefore appraisal
was properly deferred in this case.” (Id. p. 62.)
In response to the insurer‟s argument that an appraisal was necessary to determine
whether the insured was paid less than the actual cash value of his property and thus had
standing to seek declaratory relief, the court in Kirkwood reasoned as follows: “A
judicial declaration that [the insurer‟s] interpretation of [the Insurance Code] and the
policy does not violate the statute would be the end of the line: no appraisal would be
necessary, and insureds such as Kirkwood would not be forced to pay for an appraisal.
On the other hand, a contrary judicial declaration would inform the appraisal in this case
and would have the meritorious effect of staving off future appraisals and litigation based
on the same unlawful behavior.” (Id. at p. 63.) Although the appellate court did not
specifically refer to section 1281.2, subdivision (c) in its decision, it noted that the denial
of the “motion to compel an appraisal without prejudice, as a matter of sequencing . . .
does not run afoul of [the Insurance Code] or the arbitration statutes.” (Id. at 60.)
11
IV. Applicability of Section 1281.2, Subdivision (c) to This Case
As in Doan and Kirkwood, the parties in this case disagree about the underlying
nature of their dispute, with Underwriters characterizing it as a valuation dispute about
the actual value of the insured property and Bart describing it as a coverage dispute about
the proper method of valuation under the policy terms. The record reflects that the
parties‟ dispute encompasses several distinct but related issues, including the proper
interpretation of the policy‟s valuation provisions, the possible existence of fraud on the
part the insured, and the actual value of the lost items.
The record also reflects that the parties essentially concur as to which type of
proceeding (judicial or appraisal) must ultimately resolve each of these issues. First, the
parties agree that any dispute about the proper method of valuation under the terms of the
policy and the Insurance Code must be determined by the trial court. Second, the parties
agree that any dispute about whether Bart materially misrepresented the value of the
video library in applying for insurance must also be determined by the trial court.
Finally, the parties agree that, to the extent Underwriters are not bound by the valuation
method set forth in the policy, any dispute about the actual cash value of the video library
must be determined by an appraisal panel pursuant to the policy‟s arbitration clause.
Where the parties diverge, however, is in their respective arguments as to which of these
issues must be decided first. The resolution of this appeal accordingly turns on the
applicability of section 1281.2, subdivision (c).
Bart argues that section 1281.2 subdivision (c) applies primarily because the
parties‟ dispute about the proper method of valuation under the Insurance Code and the
policy terms does not fall within the scope of the arbitration clause and the trial court‟s
resolution of this statutory and contractual interpretation issue may render an appraisal
unnecessary. According to Bart, if the trial court determines that the policy is a valued
policy within the meaning of Insurance Code section 412, as Bart contends, then
Underwriters will be bound by the “Sum Insured” value of $50,134,275 set forth in the
12
policy and will not be entitled to an appraisal to determine the actual value of the video
4
library in adjusting the loss.
In contrast, Underwriters assert that section 1281.2, subdivision (c) does not apply
because the parties‟ dispute about the actual value of the insured property falls squarely
within the arbitration clause, and none of the non-arbitrable issues to be decided by the
trial court will make an appraisal unnecessary. According to Underwriters, if the trial
court determines that the policy is an open policy within the meaning of Insurance Code
section 411, as Underwriters contend, then the value of the video library will have to be
determined by an appraisal panel pursuant to the arbitration clause in the policy. On
the other hand, if the trial court determines that the policy is a valued policy within the
meaning of Insurance Code section 412, then Underwriters will be entitled to rescind
the policy if Bart‟s valuation in obtaining insurance was either fraudulent or materially
misrepresented. While Underwriters acknowledge that the trial court must ultimately
decide whether there was fraud or misrepresentation by Bart, they nevertheless argue that
the resolution of such issue will first require a determination of the actual value of the
video library, which must be made in an appraisal proceeding. Underwriters therefore
reason that, because the trial court could not have found that resolution of the issues
raised in Bart‟s declaratory relief action might render an appraisal unnecessary, the court
lacked any discretion to deny or delay an appraisal under section 1281.2, subdivision (c).
We agree with Underwriters that the trial court did not have discretion under
section 1281.2, subdivision (c) to deny their petitions to compel an appraisal outright
4 Bart also argues that, even if the trial court determines that the policy is not a
valued policy, the court may not order the parties to participate in an appraisal until it
decides the meaning of the ambiguous term “sound value,” as used in the arbitration
clause. Underwriters asks this court to reject any argument about the term “sound value”
or “sound value policy” because it was not raised before the trial court and Underwriters
did not have an opportunity to present evidence or argument to refute it. Whether there
is an additional disputed issue about the term “sound value” is not dispositive to our
analysis, and accordingly, we need not consider it on appeal. The relevance of any
such issue may be addressed to the trial court in the first instance on remand.
13
because they established the existence of a valid agreement to submit any dispute about
the amount of loss or damage claimed by Bart to a panel of appraisers. The mere
presence of non-arbitrable statutory or contractual interpretation issues in Bart‟s
declaratory relief action does not, in and of itself, vitiate Underwriters‟ right to an
appraisal to determine the actual value of the claimed loss. (Acquire II, supra, 213
Cal.App.4th at p. 977 [“when parties who agree to arbitration assert both arbitrable and
non arbitrable claims, section 1281.2(c) does not allow the court to deny arbitration”]; RN
Solutions, supra, 165 Cal.App.4th at p. 1521 [where complaint alleges arbitrable and
non-arbitrable claims, trial court only has “discretion to delay its order to arbitrate the
arbitrable claims under section 1281.2(c)”].) Underwriters also demonstrated that there is
a present controversy over the actual cash value of the video library; if Underwriters are
not bound by the “Sum Insured” amount stated in the policy, then the dispute about the
5
actual value of the property must be resolved in an appraisal. Accordingly, the trial court
should have granted Underwriters‟ petitions to compel an appraisal of the value of the
insured property pursuant to the policy‟s arbitration clause.
However, Underwriters‟ assertion that the trial court did not have any discretion
under section 1281.2, subdivision (c) to stay the appraisal proceeding pending resolution
of the non-arbitrable issues raised in the declaratory relief action, including any issues of
fraud or misrepresentation by Bart in applying for insurance, is incorrect. It is true that a
misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact in an insurance application entitles
the insurer to rescind the policy and establishes a complete defense to an action on the
policy. (Ins. Code, §§ 331, 359; O’Riordan v. Federal Kemper Life Assurance Co.
(2005) 36 Cal.4th 281, 286-287; Superior Dispatch, Inc. v. Insurance Corp. of New York
(2010) 181 Cal.App.4th 175, 191-192.) An appraisal of actual value of the video library
5 Although Bart stated in a footnote in its brief that “there is no present dispute”
about the value of the video library because that “issue has not ripened,” it conceded
that if the trial court were to resolve the statutory and contractual interpretation issues
in Underwriters‟ favor, the court “can then order the dispute to arbitration/appraisal”
pursuant to the arbitration clause in the policy.
14
is not a “necessary prerequisite” to a judicial determination of whether there was a
fraudulent overvaluation by Bart. The trial court would not necessarily have to determine
the actual cash value of the property at the time of loss to decide whether Bart made a
material misrepresentation as to the value in applying for insurance. The court simply
would have to determine whether the value of the property was less than the $50,134,275
sum claimed by Bart in his application, and if so, whether Bart‟s valuation was based on
a misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact. If the court decided, based on the
evidence presented by the parties, that Bart materially misrepresented the value of the
video library in applying for insurance, then Underwriters would be entitled to rescind the
policy and would have a complete defense to the declaratory relief action. Under such
circumstances, an appraisal of the actual value of the loss claimed by Bart would not be
necessary.
Because the resolution of the non-arbitrable issues raised in Bart‟s declaratory
relief action could make an appraisal unnecessary, the trial court retained discretion under
section 1281.2, subdivision (c) to decide whether to stay an order to participate in an
appraisal proceeding pending a judicial determination of those issues. Any determination
about the proper sequence of the proceedings rests in the sound discretion of the trial
6
court.
In this case, the trial court never exercised its discretion to decide whether to stay
either the judicial or appraisal proceedings because it denied Underwriters‟ request for an
6 In support of their argument that an appraisal is required before the trial court
decides the issue of fraud, Underwriters primarily rely on federal decisions holding that
an insured must exhaust the appraisal remedy in an insurance policy before bringing
a civil action based on alleged unlawful conduct by an insurer. (See Enger v. Allstate
Ins. Co. (9th Cir. Dec. 28, 2010, No. 09-17785) 2010 U.S.App. LEXIS 26835; Pivonka v.
Allstate Ins. Co. (E.D.Cal. Dec. 12, 2011, No. 2:11-cv-1759-GEB-CKD) 2011 U.S.Dist.
LEXIS 142770; Garner v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co. (N.D.Cal. June 30,
2008, No. C 08-1365 CW) 2008 U.S.Dist. LEXIS 120263.) However, none of the federal
cases cited by Underwriters considered section 1281.2, subdivision (c) or the trial court‟s
discretionary authority to stay, rather than deny, an appraisal pending the resolution of
other issues not subject to the appraisal proceeding.
15
appraisal outright. For the reasons stated above, that ruling was erroneous. We therefore
reverse the order denying Underwriters‟ petitions to compel arbitration and remand the
matter to the trial court for entry of a new order granting the petitions pursuant to section
1281.2 and the arbitration clause in the policy. On remand, the trial court must decide,
pursuant to section 1281.2, subdivision (c), whether to stay the arbitration order pending
the resolution of any non-arbitrable issues raised in the declaratory relief action.
DISPOSITION
The order denying Underwriters‟ petitions to compel arbitration is reversed and
the matter is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion. Underwriters shall recover their costs on appeal.
ZELON, J.
We concur:
PERLUSS, P. J.
WOODS, J.
16