No. 80-385
I N THE SUPREME COURT O F THE STATE O M N A A
F OTN
1981
STATE O MONTANA,
F
P l a i n t i f f and A p p e l l a n t ,
vs.
WILLIAM F. WILLIAMS,
D e f e n d a n t and R e s p o n d e n t .
Appeal from: D i s t r i c t Court of t h e F i f t h J u d i c i a l D i s t r i c t ,
I n and f o r t h e County o f J e f f e r s o n
Honorable F r a n k B l a i r , J u d g e p r e s i d i n g .
C o u n s e l o f Record:
For A p p e l l a n t :
Mike G r e e l y , A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l , H e l e n a , Montana
C e c i l Woodgate, Deputy County A t t o r n e y , B o u l d e r , Montana
F o r Respondent:
S m a l l , Hatch & Doubek, H e l e n a , Montana
S u b m i t t e d on b r i e f s : J u n e 1 2 , 1 9 8 1
Decided: August 6 , 1 9 8 1
Filed: AUG G -
p.&"ic Clerk
Mr. J u s t i c e Frank B. M o r r i s o n , J r . , d e l i v e r e d t h e Opinion of
t h e Court.
The S t a t e of Montana ( S t a t e ) a p p e a l s from a n o r d e r of
t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t of t h e F i f t h J u d i c i a l D i s t r i c t , J e f f e r s o n
County, g r a n t i n g d e f e n d a n t ' s motion f o r a new t r i a l .
Linda T i t t l e t o n and Debra Cunningham r e p o r t e d t h a t
t h e i r house i n B a s i n , Montana, had been broken i n t o d u r i n g
t h e l a t e e v e n i n g of November 9 , 1979. I t e m s reported missing
included a s t e r e o tape player, s t e r e o tapes, a small black
and w h i t e t e l e v i s i o n , $85 i n c a s h and $18 w o r t h of food
stamps. The d e f e n d a n t was s u b s e q u e n t l y c h a r g e d w i t h b u r g l a r y
and f e l o n y t h e £ t i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h i s i n c i d e n t .
Defendant was b r o u g h t t o t r i a l on t h e c h a r g e s i n August
1980. P r i o r t o t r i a l , t h e D i s t r i c t Court granted defendant's
motion i n l i m i n e e x c l u d i n g e v i d e n c e o f : (I-) defendant' s
p r i o r criminal record; ( 2 ) d e f e n d a n t ' s u s e of o r f a m i l i a r i t y
w i t h m a r i j u a n a ; and ( 3 ) d e f e n d a n t ' s m a r i t a l problems.
T r i a l was h e l d on August 27, 28, 1980. The p r o s e c u t i o n ' s
main w i t n e s s was a J e r r y Wilk, a f r i e n d of b o t h of t h e v i c t i m s
and t h e d e f e n d a n t . Wilk had been c h a r g e d w i t h o t h e r t h e f t s
i n J e f f e r s o n County and a s a p a r t of a p l e a n e g o t i a t i o n on
s u c h c h a r g e s , a g r e e d t o a s s i s t t h e p r o s e c u t i o n by t e s t i f y i n g
a g a i n s t t h e defendant. Wilk t e s t i f i e d t h a t he was a t t h e
d e f e n d a n t ' s house a f t e r t h e a l l e g e d b u r g l a r y and saw some
of t h e s t o l e n goods. He a l s o t e s t i f i e d t h a t t h e d e f e n d a n t
t o l d him how t h e b r e a k - i n of t h e Tittleton/Cunningham r e s i d e n c e
had o c c u r r e d .
T i t t l e t o n and Cunningham t e s t i f i e d t h a t t h e y had been
f r i e n d s of t h e d e f e n d a n t and t h a t he had v i s i t e d t h e i r house
s e v e r a l times. The two women a l s o t e s t i f i e d t h a t t h e y had
been w i t h t h e d e f e n d a n t a t a b a r i n B o u l d e r , Montana, on t h e
n i g h t of t h e b r e a k - i n , b u t t h a t t h e d e f e n d a n t had l e f t
early.
A d d i t i o n a l t e s t i m o n y was g i v e n by p o l i c e o f f i c e r s and
a l s o by a Suzanne Campbell. Ms. Campbell t e s t i f i e d t h a t t h e
d e f e n d a n t s o l d h e r a t a p e p l a y e r and t a p e s which t u r n e d o u t
t o be i t e m s t a k e n from t h e Tittleton/Cunningham r e s i d e n c e .
Following t r i a l , t h e j u r y r e t u r n e d a v e r d i c t f i n d i n g
t h e d e f e n d a n t g u i l t y of b u r g l a r y and f e l o n y t h e f t . Sentencing
was s e t f o r September 3, 1980. About t e n m i n u t e s b e f o r e t h e
s e n t e n c i n g h e a r i n g , t h e d e f e n d a n t gave t h e S t a t e a copy of a
motion f o r new t r i a l , s u p p o r t e d by a b r i e f .
The motion f o r a new t r i a l s t a t e d f o u r grounds. The
f i r s t was numerous v i o l a t i o n s by t h e S t a t e of t h e motion i n
limine. Secondly, d e f e n d a n t a l l e g e d t h a t Debra Cunningham
had p e r j u r e d h e r s e l f when s h e f a l s e l y s a i d s h e had n e v e r
been a r r e s t e d f o r s h o p l i f t i n g . Third, defendant argued t h a t
t h e p r o s e c u t i n g a t t o r n e y had v i o l a t e d h i s a t t o r n e y - c l i e n t
r e l a t i o n s h i p when he a t t e m p t e d t o impeach t h e t e s t i m o n y o f
t h e defendant's wife. The f o u r t h and f i n a l b a s i s f o r a new
t r i a l was t h a t t h e S t a t e had v i o l a t e d t h e d e f e n d a n t ' s f i f t h
amendment r i g h t t o remain s i l e n t when t h e p r o s e c u t i n g a t t o r n e y
p o i n t e d a f i n g e r a t him d u r i n g t r i a l and i n d i r e c t l y c h a l l e n g e d
him t o deny t h e c h a r g e s a g a i n s t him.
Minutes a f t e r t h e S t a t e had r e c e i v e d a copy of t h e de-
f e n d a n t ' s motion on September 3, 1980, t h e motion w a s a r g u e d
before the court. The S t a t e o b j e c t e d t h a t i t had n o t r e -
c e i v e d r e a s o n a b l e n o t i c e i n advance of t h e motion, and i t
a s k e d f o r a chance t o b r i e f i t s s i d e . The D i s t r i c t C o u r t
d e n i e d t h e S t a t e ' s r e q u e s t f o r t i m e t o b r i e f t h e motion.
S e v e r a l h o u r s a f t e r argument on d e f e n d a n t ' s motion, t h e
D i s t r i c t C o u r t g r a n t e d t h e d e f e n d a n t a new t r i a l . N r e a s o n s
o
were g i v e n s p e c i f y i n g t h e b a s i s f o r t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t ' s
decision. The D i s t r i c t C o u r t f i l e c o n t a i n s a m i n u t e e n t r y
which r e a d s :
"On motion of t h e d e f e n d a n t f i l e d h e r e i n , and by
e x p r e s s agreement, h e a r d t h i s 3rd day of September,
1980 argued by c o u n s e l f o r t h e S t a t e and t h e de-
f e n d a n t and good c a u s e b e i n g shown i t i s o r d e r e d
t h a t t h e Motion of t h e d e f e n d a n t t o s e t a s i d e t h e
v e r d i c t and g r a n t a new t r i a l i s h e r e b y g r a n t e d . "
The S t a t e ' s s i n g l e i s s u e on a p p e a l i s t h a t t h e D i s t r i c t
C o u r t e r r e d i n g r a n t i n g a new t r i a l when t h e c o u n t y a t t o r n e y
had n o t been g i v e n advance n o t i c e of t h e motion and a n
opportunity t o brief the question.
Defendant c o n t e n d s on a p p e a l t h a t t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t
e r r e d i n f a i l i n g t o s e t a s i d e t h e jury v e r d i c t a s being
based on i n s u f f i c i e n t e v i d e n c e .
S e c t i o n 46-16-702, MCA, e s t a b l i s h e s the procedural
g u i d e l i n e s f o r g r a n t i n g a d e f e n d a n t a new t r i a l . This
provision s t a t e s :
" ( 1 ) Following a v e r d i c t o r f i n d i n g of g u i l t y ,
t h e c o u r t may g r a n t t h e d e f e n d a n t a new t r i a l i f
r e q u i r e d i n t h e i n t e r e s t of j u s t i c e .
" ( 2 ) The motion f o r a new t r i a l must be i n w r i t -
i n g and must s p e c i f y t h e grounds t h e r e f o r . It
must be f i l e d by t h e d e f e n d a n t w i t h i n 30 days
f o l l o w i n g a v e r d i c t o r f i n d i n g of g u i l t y . Rea-
s o n a b l e n o t i c e - -e motion must be s e r v e d -
of t h -- on
the state.
" ( 3 ) On h e a r i n g t h e motion f o r a new t r i a l , i f
j u s t i f i e d by law and t h e w e i g h t of t h e e v i d e n c e ,
t h e c o u r t may:
" ( a ) deny t h e motion;
" ( b ) g r a n t a new t r i a l ; o r
" ( c ) modify o r change t h e v e r d i c t o r f i n d i n g by
f i n d i n g t h e d e f e n d a n t g u i l t y of a l e s s e r i n c l u d e d
offense or finding the defendant not g u i l t y . "
(Emphasis added. )
Here t h e S t a t e had no e f f e c t i v e n o t i c e of d e f e n d a n t ' s
motion and no o p p o r t u n i t y f o r r e p l y . The D i s t r i c t C o u r t
g r a n t e d t h e motion on t h e same day t h a t t h e S t a t e was s e r v e d .
Such a c t i o n c l e a r l y d e n i e d t h e S t a t e " r e a s o n a b l e n o t i c e " a s
r e q u i r e d by s e c t i o n 46-16-702, MCA.
A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h i s C o u r t i s concerned w i t h t h e manner
i n which t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t g r a n t e d t h e d e f e n d a n t ' s motion.
I n n e i t h e r t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t ' s o r d e r g r a n t i n g t h e motion,
nor i n t h e minute e n t r y of t h e c o u r t f i l e , a r e grounds f o r
g r a n t i n g t h e motion s p e c i f i e d . A s previously noted, the
g o v e r n i n g s t a t u t e r e g a r d i n g motions f o r new t r i a l , s e c t i o n
46-16-702, MCA, r e q u i r e s o n l y t h a t t h e moving p a r t y s p e c i f i -
c a l l y s t a t e i t s grounds f o r such motion. This s t a t u t e does
n o t r e q u i r e t h a t t h e D i s t r i c t Court expressly s t a t e i t s
r e a s o n s f o r t a k i n g whatever a c t i o n i t deems a p p r o p r i a t e
r e g a r d i n g such m o t i o n s .
However, i n c i v i l p r o c e e d i n g s , t h e t r i a l c o u r t must,
when g r a n t i n g a motion f o r a new t r i a l , ". . . specify the
grounds t h e r e f o r w i t h s u f f i c i e n t p a r t i c u l a r i t y a s t o a p p r i s e
t h e p a r t i e s and t h e a p p e l l a t e c o u r t of t h e r a t i o n a l e under-
lying the ruling . . ." Rule 5 9 ( f ) , M.R.Civ.P. The p u r p o s e s
behind t h i s r u l e a r e t o narrow t h e i s s u e s on a p p e a l and t o
o b v i a t e t h e need t o r e a d a n e n t i r e r e c o r d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e
D i s t r i c t Court's rationale for issuing i t s decision. Such
c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a r e e q u a l l y n e c e s s a r y r e g a r d i n g a p p e a l s from
criminal cases. T h e r e f o r e , t h i s C o u r t h o l d s t h a t t h e mandates
of Rule 5 9 ( f ) , M.R.Civ.P., a r e a p p l i c a b l e t o motions f o r new
t r i a l made p u r s u a n t t o s e c t i o n 46-16-702, MCA. erea after,
t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t must s e t f o r t h i t s r e a s o n s i n d e c i d i n g
such motions.
The d e f e n d a n t h e r e c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t
s h o u l d have g r a n t e d a judgment of a c q u i t t a l n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g
t h e j u r y v e r d i c t b e c a u s e of i n s u f f i c i e n t e v i d e n c e . This
m a t t e r w i l l have t o be p r e s e n t e d t o t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t a f t e r
giving reasonable n o t i c e t o the S t a t e .
The o r d e r of t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t i s r e v e r s e d and t h i s
c a s e i s remanded f o r f u r t h e r p r o c e e d i n g s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
t h i s decision.
W e concur:
'6 /
Justices