October 9 2008
DA 07-0120
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2008 MT 344
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
RANDY ALLEN DENNISON,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eleventh Judicial District,
In and For the County of Flathead, Cause Nos. DC-05-170(A) and DC- 99-213(B)
Honorable Stewart E. Stadler, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Jim Wheelis, Chief Appellate Defender; Joslyn M. Hunt,
Assistant Appellate Defender, Helena, Montana
For Appellee:
Hon. Mike McGrath, Montana Attorney General; Sheri K. Sprigg,
Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Ed Corrigan, Flathead County Attorney, Kalispell, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 23, 2008
Decided: October 9, 2008
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Chief Justice Karla M. Gray delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Randall Alan Dennison appeals sentencing conditions imposed on him by the
Eleventh Judicial District Court, Flathead County. We reverse the sentencing conditions in
part and remand with instructions.
¶2 The issues are:
¶3 1. Did the District Court exceed its sentencing authority by imposing conditions on
Dennison’s parole?
¶4 2. Did the District Court err by imposing a total fine of $28,850 against Dennison?
BACKGROUND
¶5 In May of 2000, Dennison pled guilty to felony burglary. On June 22, 2000, the
District Court sentenced him to 15 years in the custody of the Department of Corrections
(DOC) with 10 years suspended, subject to conditions which included paying a $500 fine.
¶6 In 2004, the State of Montana petitioned to revoke the suspended portion of
Dennison’s sentence based on several violations of the conditions imposed. In March of
2005, the State filed a second petition to revoke, based on additional violations including that
Dennison had been charged with new offenses, one of which was felony driving under the
influence of alcohol (DUI). In May of 2005, Dennison and the State entered into a plea
agreement. Dennison agreed to admit to violating a number of conditions of his suspended
sentence, including consuming alcohol on more than one occasion. He also agreed to plead
guilty to the new charge of felony DUI. The State agreed to dismiss another felony charge
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and to make a specified sentencing recommendation on both the revocation and the DUI.
¶7 In August of 2005, the District Court entered judgment imposing a combined
sentence. On the revocation, it sentenced Dennison to the Montana State Prison for 10 years
with 5 years suspended. On the DUI, it committed Dennison to the DOC for 13 months,
followed by a 5-year suspended term of incarceration. The court ordered the DUI sentence
to be served consecutively to the sentence on revocation. It also imposed numerous
conditions “of parole and probation” in addition to those imposed in 2000. One of the
additional conditions required Dennison to pay a $7,700 fine, with $6,700 credit for 134 days
served in detention pending disposition, leaving a “net” fine of $1,000. The conditions
applied to both portions of Dennison’s suspended sentence.
¶8 Dennison moved to amend the judgment in several respects—including additional
credit against the 2005 fine for time served. In January of 2006, the court filed an amended
order of revocation, judgment and sentence, in which it reimposed the $7,700 fine and
credited $6,700, for a “net” fine of $1,000. Then, in February of 2006, in response to a
motion for postconviction relief filed by Dennison, the court vacated Dennison’s 2005
combined judgment and sentence. In an order filed June 22, 2006, after another hearing, the
court sentenced Dennison to DOC custody for 10 years with 5 of those years suspended on
the revocation and, in a sentence to be served consecutively on the DUI, to DOC custody for
13 months in an appropriate treatment facility, to be followed by a 5-year suspended
sentence. The court imposed conditions “of parole and probation”—in addition to “all
requirements imposed by [its] Judgment of June 22, 2000”—including a “total” fine of
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$9,200 with a credit of $8,200 for 164 days of time served pending final disposition, for a
“net” fine of $1,000.
¶9 Approximately two months later, Dennison moved to amend the judgment entered in
June of 2006. He requested the District Court to amend its order to credit him with a total of
555 days for incarceration prior to sentencing. He also asked that the 2005 fine of $7,700—
vacated in early 2006—be reimposed and offset at the rate of $50 per day for time served,
leaving a “net” fine of $0. In January of 2007, the District Court filed another amended
judgment crediting Dennison with the requested 555 days of time served, and imposing a
$28,850 fine with $27,750 (555 x $50/day) credit for time served for a “net” fine of $1,000.
(We note the court’s mathematical error in calculating the net fine. It has no effect on the
resolution of this appeal.) Dennison appeals.
STANDARDS OF REVIEW
¶10 In reviewing a sentencing condition, we first review the condition for legality, to
determine whether it falls within statutory parameters. A sentence outside statutory
parameters is illegal. State v. Hicks, 2006 MT 71, ¶ 41, 331 Mont. 471, ¶ 41, 133 P.3d 206, ¶
41 (citation omitted). Our standard of review of that question of law is de novo. If the
condition is legal, we then review its reasonableness to determine whether the district court
has abused its discretion. State v. Ashby, 2008 MT 83, ¶¶ 8-9, 342 Mont. 187, ¶¶ 8-9, 179
P.3d 1164, ¶¶ 8-9.
ISSUE 1
¶11 Did the District Court exceed its sentencing authority by imposing conditions on
Dennison’s parole?
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¶12 In its 2007 judgment, the District Court imposed a number of “conditions of parole
and probation.” Dennison asserts the court did not have the authority to impose conditions
on his parole. The State responds that §§ 46-18-202(1)(f) and (2), -206 and -801(1), MCA,
recognize a sentencing court’s authority to impose conditions of parole.
¶13 We begin by noting that § 46-18-206, MCA, relates to electronic monitoring of
sexual offenders and has no application here. More importantly, we addressed substantially
the same issue Dennison raises here in State v. Burch, 2008 MT 118, 342 Mont. 499, 182
P.3d 66, after this appeal was briefed. Burch is dispositive.
¶14 In Burch, the appellant argued the sentencing court lacked authority to impose
conditions on his parole. We cited the longstanding rule that district courts do not have the
power to impose a sentence unless authorized by a specific grant of statutory authority, and
rejected the State’s reliance on §§ 46-18-201, -202 and -801, MCA, as granting or
recognizing sentencing courts’ “residual” authority to impose parole conditions. We
concluded the State had not established that authority to impose parole conditions was
specifically granted by statute, and that a sentencing judge does not have general or residual
authority to impose parole conditions. See Burch, ¶¶ 23-28.
¶15 We hold that here, in a similar manner, the District Court exceeded its sentencing
authority by imposing conditions on Dennison’s parole. In doing so, the District Court
imposed an illegal sentence. See Hicks, ¶ 41.
ISSUE 2
¶16 Did the District Court err by imposing a total fine of $28,850 against Dennison?
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¶17 As stated above, the original sentence imposed on Dennison in June of 2000 for his
burglary conviction included a condition that he pay a $500 fine. On revocation in August of
2005, the court entered an order of revocation, judgment and sentence applying to both the
revocation and Dennison’s conviction, upon his guilty plea, of felony DUI. In that order of
revocation, judgment and sentence, the court increased the total fine amount to $7,700 and
gave Dennison $6,700 credit for time served, for a “net” fine of $1,000. Then, in February
of 2006, the court vacated Dennison’s sentence. On resentencing in June of 2006, the court
stated Dennison was entitled to $8,200 in credit for time served against a fine of $9,200.
Finally, in the amended judgment from which this appeal is taken, the court corrected the
amount of time for which Dennison was entitled to credit to 555 days, at a rate of $50 per
day. The court’s amended judgment also included a condition requiring Dennison to pay a
“total” fine of $28,850, with credit for time served, resulting in a “net” fine of $1,000.
Dennison asks that we strike the fine as either illegal or, if we conclude it was properly
imposed, an abuse of discretion because he has already paid it through credit for time served.
¶18 The District Court’s August 2005 sentence and judgment, and all of its subsequent
sentences and judgments, are combined and apply to both the revocation of Dennison’s
original sentence for burglary and his felony DUI. The District Court did not parse its
sentencing conditions between the two convictions. In particular, the court has not indicated
whether the fine relates to the burglary, the DUI, or both.
¶19 A fine of up to $50,000 may be imposed on conviction of burglary. Section 45-6-
204(3), MCA. Here, the fine imposed in the original judgment on the burglary was $500.
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The “total” amount of the fine imposed by the District Court in the later-vacated combined
judgment in August of 2005—upon revocation of the suspended portion of the burglary
sentence and conviction of DUI—was $7,700, and the “net” fine was $1,000. Absent any
indication to the contrary by the District Court, it appears that the amount of the new fine
was based, at least in part, on the felony DUI conviction, because the court originally had
imposed a minimal fine as a condition in the burglary conviction. A person convicted of
felony DUI may be required to pay “a fine in an amount of not less than $1,000 or more than
$10,000.” Section 61-8-731(1)(c), MCA.
¶20 As stated above, all of the amended judgments after the August 2005 sentence and
judgment were combined judgments on the revocation of Dennison’s suspended sentence on
the burglary conviction and the DUI, culminating in the January 2007 judgment from which
this appeal is taken. That judgment imposed a “total” fine of $28,850—an amount outside
the statutory limit for a felony DUI conviction. A sentence in excess of the court’s
sentencing authority is illegal. Hicks, ¶ 41. Therefore, we conclude the amount of the fine
imposed in the January 2007 judgment is illegal.
¶21 Pursuant to § 46-18-403(2), MCA, a person may be granted credit on a fine for each
day of incarceration prior to conviction, except that the amount credited may not exceed the
amount of the fine. Here, neither the $27,750 credit given by the District Court nor the 555
days of time served at $50 per day upon which it was based is challenged on appeal.
¶22 Remanded with instructions that the District Court enter an amended judgment
deleting all reference to conditions of parole and reinstating its 2006 total fine of $9,200, less
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credit for time served, for a net fine of $0.
/S/ KARLA M. GRAY
We concur:
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER
/S/ JIM RICE
/S/ BRIAN MORRIS
/S/ JOHN WARNER
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