DA 07-0295 and DA 07-0296
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2008 MT 21N
IN THE MATTER OF
M.L and A.T.,
Youths In Need of Care.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Second Judicial District,
In and For the County of Silver Bow, Cause Nos. DN 2006-013
and DN 2006-012 BN
Honorable Brad Newman, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Jim Wheelis, Chief Appellate Defender, David Avery, Assistant Appellate
Defender, Helena, Montana
For Appellee:
Hon. Mike McGrath, Montana Attorney General, J. Stuart Segrest,
Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Robert M. McCarthy, Silver Bow County Attorney, Butte, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 9, 2008
Decided: January 29, 2008
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Patricia O. Cotter delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section 1, Paragraph 3(d)(v), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, the following memorandum decision shall not be
cited as precedent. Its case title, Supreme Court cause number and disposition shall be
included in this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific
Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Appellant P.L., the birth mother of M.L. and A.T., appeals two orders of the
Second Judicial District, Silver Bow County. One of these orders terminated her parental
rights in M.L., the other terminated her parental rights in A.T. A consolidated appeal was
first filed with this Court on August 30, 2007. By order dated October 31, 2007, we
remanded this cause to the District Court to enter more specific and detailed findings of
fact in support of its decisions to terminate P.L.’s parental rights. The District Court has
now issued findings which contain the requisite specificity. Because the District Court
did not abuse its discretion in terminating P.L.’s parental rights, we affirm.
¶3 M.L., an eleven year-old boy, and A.T., a ten year-old girl, were originally
removed from P.L.’s care by the Department of Public Health and Human Services
(DPHHS) of the State of Montana in 2003 after it was learned that their older sibling,
V.A., had sexually abused them. V.A. was subsequently adjudicated a delinquent youth,
convicted of two counts of felony incest and sent to Pine Hills Youth Correctional
Facility. M.L. and A.T. were eventually placed in the care of their biological father (J.T.)
instead of being returned to P.L.’s care, in part because P.L. was unable to make progress
on a treatment plan, was not accessing counseling services, and refused to accept V.A.’s
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guilt. In April 2005 J.T. renounced his intention of caring for M.L. and A.T., and returned
them to the care of P.L. 1 Of her own accord, P.L. contacted DPHHS during this time to
avail herself of social services. By this time, P.L. had accepted V.A.’s guilt and was
willing to work with DPHHS social workers to keep the children in her care.
¶4 In October 2005 DPHHS received a report that M.L. and A.T. had suffered
physical abuse, and that M.L. and A.T. had been sleeping on a couch together. DPHHS
was particularly concerned about M.L. and A.T. sleeping on the same couch, because a
DPHHS social worker was aware that there was sexual acting out between the children as
a result of their former sexual abuse. These reports were investigated and it was
determined that no abuse had occurred. However, DPHHS advised P.L. that M.L. and
A.T. were not to sleep in the same room unless an adult was present. DPHHS continued
to monitor this situation through meetings, therapy, and other support from DPHHS
social workers and staff.
¶5 In January of 2006, P.L. began dating S.L., a registered sex-offender who had
been convicted of a sexual offense in Minnesota in 1988. Soon thereafter, S.L. moved in
with P.L. at her residence at Silver Bow Homes in Butte. On January 18, 2006, DPHHS
received a report that P.L. had a new boyfriend who had recently been released from the
Pre-Release Center in Butte. This new boyfriend was, in fact, S.L. DPHHS also learned
that on January 17, 2006, P.L. had left A.T. in S.L.’s care when A.T. was sick and could
not go to school. Because DPHHS had been involved with P.L. concerning parenting
issues as far back as 1997, and because DPHHS knew that P.L. had a history of repeated
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J.T.’s parental rights were later terminated by order of the District Court.
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poor judgment in her choice of significant others—some of which had been abusive to
her— DPHHS asked P.L. to come to their offices in Butte and provide information
concerning S.L.’s current status and criminal record. P.L. arrived at the DPHHS’ offices
in Butte with S.L. DPHHS officials attempted to question P.L. about the incident, S.L.’s
sex offender status, and the relationship between P.L. and S.L. During this interview,
S.L. became belligerent, refused to answer questions, and was asked to leave the
DPHHS’ offices. In fact, S.L. denied he was P.L.’s boyfriend or that he had recently
been released from the Pre-Release Center, and refused to allow P.L. to answer questions.
When asked to leave, S.L. demanded that P.L. leave with him, which she did. As a
result, P.L. left with S.L. and never provided the information requested by DPHHS. 2
¶6 After this incident and after it had been confirmed that A.T. was left alone with
S.L., DPHHS removed A.T. and M.L. and placed them in foster care. On February 14,
2006, M.L. and A.T. were both adjudicated as youths in need of care within the meaning
of § 41-3-102(34), MCA. On February 17 and June 15, 2006, appropriate treatments
plans were approved and ordered by the District Court. These plans were identical and
contained a number of tasks which P.L was ordered to successfully complete. Task One
required P.L. to maintain a clean and safe place of residence and ensure it was drug and
alcohol-free. Task Two stated that if P.L. maintains a relationship with S.L., S.L. will:
(1) provide his birth date and social security number; (2) provide charging and sentencing
documents; (3) provide proof that he has successfully completed sex offender treatment;
2
As it turns out, S.L. had a prior criminal history. The record in this case reflects that in addition
to the criminal sexual conduct conviction, S.L. had previously been found guilty of burglary and
DWI.
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and (4) obtain a sex offender evaluation and either enter treatment or provide written
verification from a qualified sexual offender counselor that he is not at risk to re-offend.
Task Three required anyone living with P.L. to complete a treatment plan. Task Four
was a corollary of Task One and required P.L. to allow a DPHHS social worker to enter
her home for scheduled and unscheduled visits in order to assess the appropriateness of
the home and discuss changes which need to be made. The remaining tasks required P.L.
to undergo psychological evaluations, meet with DPHHS social workers, and have
weekly supervised contact with her children.
¶7 P.L. continued to maintain a relationship with S.L. S.L. was subsequently arrested
and incarcerated on drug charges. P.L. later married S.L. in July 2006, while he was
incarcerated.
¶8 After DPHHS determined that P.L. had not completed three of the six tasks, it
petitioned the District Court for a termination of P.L.’s parental rights. DPHHS asserted
that P.L. failed to complete Task One because she had been evicted from her apartment at
Silver Bow Homes in Butte and was living at a homeless shelter called Homeward
Bound. Similarly, because P.L. lived at a homeless shelter, DPHHS claimed it was not
able to conduct home visits, and thus P.L. had not completed Task Four. Finally,
DPHHS maintained that P.L. failed to comply with Task Two because she did not
provide documentation regarding S.L.’s sex offender charge, nor proof of his enrollment
in or completion of a sexual offender program. DPHHS maintained that Task Three was
inapplicable because S.L. had been incarcerated on drug charges and was not living with
P.L. so no treatment plan could be developed. P.L. did, however, complete the remaining
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tasks including having weekly supervised visits with her children, undergoing
psychological evaluations, and meeting with DPHHS social workers.
¶9 The District Court held a hearing on this matter on April 11, 2007. The District
Court heard testimony from social workers, clinical psychologists, various service
providers, and P.L. herself, and ultimately granted DPHHS’ petition to terminate P.L.’s
parental rights. The District Court found that Task One had not been completed because
P.L. had been evicted from her apartment after it was discovered she was living with a
registered sex offender (S.L), and was living at Homeward Bound. Thus, P.L. failed to
maintain a clean, safe and drug-free residence because “Homeward Bound cannot be
considered a long term residential placement for herself or her children.” Similarly, the
District Court concluded that she did not complete Task Four because she was living at
Homeward Bound, and had lost her housing when she began living with S.L. With
respect to Task Two, the District Court found that P.L. had failed to provide either the
appropriate charging and sentencing documents from S.L.’s Minnesota conviction for a
sexual offense, or documentation that S.L. had received sex offender treatment.
¶10 Additionally, the District Court determined that the condition rendering P.L. unfit
to be a parent was unlikely to change within a reasonable time. In particular, the District
Court observed that two psychologists evaluated P.L. and determined that she would be
unable to meet the needs of her children and assume the role of a parent within a
reasonable time. As a result, the District Court determined that P.L.’s parental rights
should be terminated.
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¶11 On appeal, P.L. argues that the District Court abused its discretion in terminating
her parental rights. With respect to Task One, P.L. maintains that the District Court’s
finding was clearly erroneous because P.L. did not lose her apartment due to S.L. residing
with her, but simply for failure to pay rent after her children were removed from her care
by DPHHS. Further, P.L. notes that her treatment plan did not require her to maintain a
long-term residential placement, but only one that is safe, clean and drug-free. P.L.
points out officials from DPHHS conceded at the hearing that Homeward Bound was
safe, clean, and drug-free. Thus, P.L. argues it was clear error by the District Court to
conclude that P.L. did not satisfy this requirement. Additionally, P.L. asserts that the
District Court’s finding respecting Task Four is the “most clearly erroneous” because the
DPHHS social worker testified that she herself declined to visit P.L. despite the fact that
Homeward Bound was clean, safe and drug-free, and despite the fact that DPHHS works
with other parents who reside there.
¶12 Lastly, P.L. maintains the District Court erred in finding that she failed to
complete Task Two, arguing this task was simply inapplicable, and thus she could not
have failed it. On the one hand, P.L. argues that if DPHHS concedes S.L. was not
required to complete a treatment plan under Task Three because he was incarcerated and
not living with P.L., it was clear error to find that she failed Task Two since “both tasks
were premised on S.L.’s presence in P.L.’s residence, which was not the case.” On the
other hand, P.L. maintains that she provided DPHHS with as much information as
DPHHS itself was able to document, even with its greater resources. Thus, P.L. argues
the District Court’s finding that she failed to complete three of the six tasks was clearly
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erroneous, thereby leading it to incorrectly conclude her parental rights should be
terminated.
¶13 A court may order the termination of parental rights if a child as been adjudicated
a youth in need of care, an appropriate court-approved treatment plan has been
established, the parent has not complied with the treatment plan, and the conduct or
condition rendering the parent unfit is not likely to change within a reasonable time.
Sections 41-3-609(1)(f)(i) and (ii), MCA. The court considers a non-exclusive list of
factors in making the determination to terminate parental rights, focusing primarily on the
physical, mental and emotional conditions and needs of the child. Sections 41-3-609(2)
and (3), MCA. In Montana, the law presumes the bests interests of the child are served
by termination of parental rights when a child has been in foster care for fifteen of the
most recent twenty-two months. Section 41-3-604(1), MCA.
¶14 We review a decision to terminate parental rights for an abuse of discretion. In the
Matter of J.V., 2003 MT 68, ¶ 7, 314 Mont. 487, ¶ 7, 67 P.3d 242, ¶ 7. “The test for
abuse of discretion is whether the trial court acted arbitrarily, without employment of
conscientious judgment, or exceeded the bounds of reason resulting in substantial
injustice.” In the Matter of C.J.K., 2005 MT 67, ¶ 13, 326 Mont. 289, ¶ 13, 109 P.3d
232, ¶ 13 (quotation omitted). Findings of fact are reviewed under the clearly erroneous
standard, while conclusions of law are reviewed to determine if they are correct. In the
Matter of C.J.K., ¶ 13. “A court’s findings of fact are clearly erroneous if they are not
supported by substantial credible evidence, the court has misapprehended the effect of the
evidence, or our review of the record convinces us that a mistake has been committed.”
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State v. Vaughn, 2007 MT 164, ¶ 15, 338 Mont. 97, ¶ 15, 164 P.3d 873, ¶ 15 (quotation
omitted).
¶15 After careful review of the record in this case, we conclude the District Court did
not abuse its discretion in terminating P.L.’s parental rights. As we have stated
previously “it is a long-standing principle that complete compliance with a treatment plan
is required, as opposed to partial compliance or even substantial compliance.” In the
Matter of D.V., 2003 MT 160, ¶ 27, 316 Mont. 282, ¶ 27, 70 P.3d 1253, ¶ 27. Although
we agree with P.L. that Task One did not require her to maintain a “long-term” residence,
it did require her, and not a third-party or an agency, to maintain a clean and safe place of
residence and ensure it was drug and alcohol-free. Although it appears from the record
that she may have been able to have her children with her at Homeward Bound, the fact
remains that she herself was not maintaining such a residence, because the rent and other
conditions of Homeward Bound were provided by the agency administering the shelter.
As DPHHS points out, the purpose of this task was to demonstrate that P.L. herself could
provide for her children. At the time of the hearing P.L. had been living at Homeward
Bound for over one year and indicated that she had just started to save money to get her
own place. Because Homeward Bound only allows individuals to reside there for a two-
year period, P.L. had less than one year to remain there. In light of these facts, we
conclude the District Court did not err in finding that P.L. did not complete Task One.
¶16 Similarly, Task Two, as contained in the District Court docket, states that if P.L.
maintains a relationship with S.L., S.L. will: (1) provide his birth date and social security
number; (2) provide charging and sentencing documents; (3) provide proof that he has
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successfully completed sex offender treatment; and (4) obtain a sex offender evaluation
and either enter treatment or provide written verification from a qualified sexual offender
counselor that he is not at risk to re-offend. The date for completing this task was July 1,
2006. At the time of the termination hearing P.L. and S.L. were still married. The fact
that S.L. was not living in the home with P.L. does not change the clear requirements of
the treatment plan. Moreover, in the affidavit in support of termination of parental rights
filed by the DPHHS social worker, it was explained that although S.L. was not currently
residing with P.L. “it is likely that he will in the future as they are married.” In order to
protect A.T. and M.L. from undergoing any further sexual abuse, DPHHS simply wanted
to know the exact nature of S.L.’s offense and be sure that he would not re-offend. Given
the fact that P.L. continued to remain married to S.L., the assumption that he would be
living with P.L. is reasonable, if not a certainty. There is no reason why P.L. should be
excused from this requirement so long as she remained married to S.L. In fact, at the
termination hearing, P.L. admitted that she married S.L. in spite of the fact that his
presence was the primary factor in her losing custody of her children in the first place. In
any event, the treatment plan itself states that the required documentation concerning S.L.
will be provided so long as they are in a relationship, and under these circumstances it is
P.L.’s responsibility to ensure this task is fully completed. Thus, the District Court did
not err in finding P.L. did not complete Task Two.
¶17 With respect to Task Four, we agree with DPHHS that a prerequisite to conducting
home visits required P.L., and not a third-party or agency, to maintain a clean, safe, drug-
free home. However, if it is true that DPHHS works with other families at Homeward
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Bound, then it might be possible for P.L. to complete this task. Moreover, as P.L. points
out, it was DPHHS who declined to conduct the visits. If the completion of this task was
dispositive in reaching our conclusion to affirm the District Court’s decision, we might be
inclined to give this matter further consideration. But since we hold the District Court’s
findings with respect to Tasks One and Two were not clearly erroneous, its conclusion to
terminate P.L.’s parental rights was not an abuse of discretion.
¶18 In this regard, we note that the psychological evaluations of P.L. before the
District Court characterized her as “a person who is severely and chronically handicapped
in parenting performance[,]” and further noted that P.L. had made little progress on
critical areas related to parenting over a number of years. These reports also indicated
that P.L. had a borderline level of intellectual functioning, 7th grade reading skills, poor
coping and parenting abilities, and had demonstrated she was not able to meet the clear
requirements of her treatment plans. P.L. has not challenged the validity of these
evaluations.
¶19 Accordingly, we conclude the District Court did not abuse its discretion in
terminating P.L.’s parental rights, especially in light of the presumption that it is in A.T.
and M.L.’s best interests to terminate P.L.’s parental rights under § 41-3-604(1), MCA,
given the fact that they have been in foster care for more than fifteen of the last twenty-
two months.
¶20 Affirmed.
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER
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We Concur:
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
/S/ JOHN WARNER
/S/ JIM RICE
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
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