In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
No. 07-22-00133-CR
CLARA VALDEZ, APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 1
Potter County, Texas
Trial Court No. CCCR-20-557-1, Honorable Walton Weaver, Presiding
April 11, 2023
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before PARKER and DOSS and YARBROUGH, JJ.
A jury convicted Clara Valdez, Appellant, of interfering with public duties. 1 In her
sole point of error, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the
judgment of conviction. We affirm.
1 See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 38.15.
BACKGROUND
On May 4, 2020, officers from the Amarillo Police Department went to Appellant’s
workplace to inform her that they had a search warrant for her house. They asked
Appellant to come to the house and open the door for them, which she agreed to do.2
When they arrived at her house, officers showed Appellant the search warrant. Appellant
made a phone call to someone she said was an attorney. Appellant stood in front of the
door and would not open it as she continued to talk on the phone and read the warrant.
Several minutes passed. The officers warned Appellant multiple times that they would
break down the door if Appellant did not open it. Appellant refused to move. Eventually,
two of the officers pulled Appellant away from the door and placed her in handcuffs so
they could carry out the warrant.
The State charged Appellant by information with interference with public duties. A
jury convicted Appellant and she was fined $750. This appeal followed.
ANALYSIS
In her sole issue on appeal, Appellant contends that the evidence is insufficient to
support her conviction. Specifically, she claims that she did not impede the officers’
search because they could have accessed the home via entrances other than the front
door where she was standing.
2 The officers testified that they contacted Appellant because she had been cooperative with police
in the past and they wanted to enter the house without damaging her property, if possible.
2
We apply one standard, legal sufficiency, to evaluate the evidentiary sufficiency to
support a criminal conviction beyond a reasonable doubt. Temple v. State, 390 S.W.3d
341, 360 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). Under this standard, we examine all the evidence
adduced at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether any
reasonable juror could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a
reasonable doubt. Murray v. State, 457 S.W.3d 446, 448 (Tex. Crim. App. 2015) (citing
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979)). This
standard gives full play to the factfinder’s responsibility to resolve conflicts in the
testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to
ultimate facts. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; Queeman v. State, 520 S.W.3d 616, 622
(Tex. Crim. App. 2017).
Under section 38.15 of the Penal Code, “A person commits an offense if the person
with criminal negligence interrupts, disrupts, impedes, or otherwise interferes with a
peace officer while the peace officer is performing a duty or exercising authority imposed
or granted by law . . . .” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 38.15(a)(1). “The act requirement of
the statute is broad and includes interrupting, impeding, disrupting, or otherwise
interfering with the performance of official duties.” Carney v. State, 31 S.W.3d 392, 395–
96 (Tex. App.—Austin 2000, no pet.). Appellant was charged by way of information with
interfering with an officer “by physically blocking entrance to property.”
At trial, the State presented evidence from two officers who were attempting to
execute the search warrant at Appellant’s home. Detective Shea Lichtie testified that
Appellant “would get in front of the door, would not open the door.” Lichtie said that the
officers warned Appellant that they would kick down the door if necessary but Appellant
3
“backed against the door,” refusing to open it. Lieutenant Wade Pennington testified that
although Appellant said she would open the door for them, her actions were “very
different.” Pennington said Appellant led them to the front door but then stood in front of
it and would not move, despite being asked to step aside. According to Pennington,
Appellant was a physical impediment to the execution of the search warrant because she
refused to move away from the front door. Both officers testified that Appellant’s behavior
interfered with their duties.
Appellant does not deny that she stood in front of the main entrance to the house.
At trial, she testified that she did not interrupt, disrupt, impede, or interfere with the officers
and that she “had full intention of letting them in.” However, the jury was free to disbelieve
her testimony. See Murray, 457 S.W.3d at 448–49. Appellant further contends that her
actions did not constitute interference with police duties since the officers had other
options to gain entry to the house, such as kicking the door in or using a window.
However, she has cited no authority for the proposition that the availability of additional
entrances somehow offsets her affirmative act of blocking the entrance that the officers
were attempting to use.
The jury heard testimony from the officers and from Appellant and watched the
video evidence of their encounter. We “defer to the jury’s credibility and weight
determinations because the jury is the sole judge of the witnesses’ credibility and the
weight to be given their testimony.” Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 899 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2010) (emphasis in original). We presume the factfinder resolved any conflicting
inferences from the evidence in favor of the verdict, and we defer to that resolution. Id.
4
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude that a
rational trier of fact could have found, beyond a reasonable doubt, the essential elements
of interference with the duties of a peace officer. See, e.g. Key v. State, 88 S.W.3d 672,
676 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2002, pet. ref’d) (affirming conviction under section 38.15 where
officers instructed defendant to remain on sidewalk while they questioned other people,
but defendant repeatedly stepped off sidewalk and moved toward people officers were
questioning). Thus, the evidence is legally sufficient to sustain Appellant’s conviction.
We overrule Appellant’s issue.
CONCLUSION
Having overruled Appellant’s sole issue on appeal, we affirm the judgment of the
trial court.
Judy C. Parker
Justice
Do not publish.
5