Orie W. McQUEEN, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Kenneth S. APFEL, Commissioner of Social Security, Defendant-Appellee

BENAVIDES, Circuit Judge:

Orie W. McQueen appeals the district court’s affirming the denial of his application for Social Security disability benefits. We reverse and remand.

I

McQueen, a former traveling insurance salesman now 64 years old, filed an application for Social Security disability benefits, claiming that he had not worked since he suffered an injury on September 10, 1992. After his application was twice denied, McQueen requested a hearing before an administrative law judge (“ALJ”), which took place on July 11, 1994. The ALJ denied McQueen’s benefits request. The ALJ found that although McQueen’s impairment is severe and prevents him from doing the traveling insurance sales work he did in the past, *154his work skills are “readily transferable to jobs within his vocational profile.” McQueen appealed to the Social Security Administration’s Appeals Council, which concluded that it had no basis to grant McQueen’s request for a review. McQueen filed a complaint in federal district court, contending that (1) “readily transferable” was not the correct legal standard to apply to a determination of whether he is disabled; (2) the Appeals Council should have considered new evidence that would have shown that McQueen’s problems are more severe than the ALJ concluded; and (3) the ALJ’s findings as to McQueen’s residual functioning capacity (“RFC”) were not supported by substantial evidence.1 The case was referred to a magistrate judge. The magistrate found that the district court had no jurisdiction to consider whether the ALJ applied the wrong legal standard. As to McQueen’s other contentions, the magistrate recommended upholding the ALJ’s findings. The district court adopted the magistrate’s recommendations, and McQueen timely appealed.

II

A claimant is not entitled to disability benefits unless he establishes that he is unable “ ‘to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of [a] medically determinable physical or mental impairment ... which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.’ ” Bowling v. Shalala, 36 F.3d 431, 435 (5th Cir.1994) (quoting 42 U.S.C. §§ 416(i), 423(d)(1)(a)). In making this determination, the Social Security Commission applies a five-step sequential evaluation process:

(1) Regardless of the medical findings, a claimant who is working, engaging in a substantial gainful activity, will not be found to be disabled.
(2) A claimant will not be found to be disabled unless he has a “severe impairment.”
(3) A claimant whose impairment meets or is equivalent to a listed impairment will be deemed disabled without the need to consider vocational factors.
(4) A claimant who is capable of performing work that he has done in the past must be found “not disabled.”
(5) If the claimant is unable to perform his previous work as a result of his impairment, then factors such as his age, education, past work experience, and RFC must be considered to determine whether he can do other work.

See Bowling, 36 F.3d at 435. The claimant bears the burden of proof for the first four steps; for the fifth step, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to show that the claimant can perform other work. Regarding fifth-step determinations, 20 C.F.R. § 404.1563(d) provides:

We consider that advanced age (55 or over) is the point where age significantly affects a person’s ability to do substantial gainful activity. If you are severely impaired and of advanced age and you cannot do medium work (see § 404.1567(c)), you may not be able to work unless you have skills that can be used in (transferred to) less demanding jobs which exist in significant numbers in the national economy. If you are close to retirement age (60-64) and have a severe impairment, we will not consider you able to adjust to sedentary or light work unless you have skills which are highly marketable.

McQueen’s hearing before the ALJ took place on July 11,1994, and the ALJ rendered his decision on April 24, 1995. Between those two dates, on September 29, 1994, McQueen turned 60 years old.

The ALJ denied benefits to McQueen at the fifth step of the disability analysis, writing, “The claimant has work skills which are readily transferable to jobs within his vocational profile; therefore, he must be found not disabled.” In reaching his decision, the ALJ relied in part on a vocational expert’s testimony that McQueen’s skills could be transferred to an in-office insurance job. The ALJ posed hypothetical to the vocational expert, both at the July 11 hearing and in *155writing in December 1994. In the final December hypothetical, the ALJ mistakenly asked the vocational expert whether his opinions would change when McQueen turned 50 years old. In contrast, none of the interrogatories asked the vocational expert whether McQueen could still be expected to find work at age 60. Nothing indicates that the vocational expert, on whose testimony the ALJ relied, considered § 404.1653(d)’s standards for claimants close to retirement age. McQueen argues that the ALJ treated his claim as that of a person younger than 60 years old and consequently applied the wrong standard under § 404.1563(d). The ALJ, McQueen contends, was required to find that he had skills that were “highly marketable”-and not just “readily transferable”-before denying him disability benefits.

Ill

The magistrate found, and the district court agreed, that McQueen had not raised the issue of the proper standard to the Social Security Administration Appeals Council. Therefore, the magistrate found, McQueen could not complain before a court that the ALJ applied the wrong legal standard for a 60-year-old’s benefits claim, A court should not review the Commissioner’s final decision unless the claimant has exhausted his administrative remedies. See Paul v. Shalala, 29 F.3d 208, 210 (5th Cir.1994). A claimant fails to exhaust his administrative remedies if does not raise a claim of error to the Appeals Council before filing suit on that basis. That said, a court may review the decision if the claim of error is “an expansion of the general rationale proffered in support of the appeal” to the Appeals Council. Id. Before the Appeals Council, McQueen raised the issue of the age mismatch in the hypothetical that the ALJ posed to the vocational expert. McQueen’s counsel argued:

[interrogatories propounded to the vocational expert concerning sedentary jobs which Mr. McQueen could perform may have been based upon erroneous information. In one of the questions, the Administrative Law Judge asked the vocation expert to determine if there would be any change once Mr. McQueen became 50 years old. Obviously, this is an error on the part of the vocational expert, because Mr. McQueen was 60 years old at the time 'the interrogatories were propounded. Therefore, the information is invalid insofar as it relates to Mr. McQueen’s ability to perform work.

The district court cited Paul for the proposition that it had no jurisdiction. We find that, under Paul’s “expansion of the general rationale” language, McQueen did raise the issue before the Appeals Council. The above-quoted passage should have suggested to the Appeals Council that the ALJ either was mistaken as to McQueen’s age or applied the wrong standard. Although counsel did not specifically mention 20 C.F.R. § 404.1563(d) at that time, he did argue that 60-year-old claimants cannot be expected to find and perform work as easily as younger individuals with similar impairments. The age-related issue that McQueen argued before the district court-i.e., the defective hypothetical in conjunction with a misapplication of 20 C.F.R. § 404.1563(d)-was an extension of the claim he offered the Appeals Council. Pursuant to the rule set forth in Paul, the district court had jurisdiction to decide McQueen’s claim. Because McQueen properly raised the issue before the district court, we consider it now.

TV

The Fifth Circuit has not yet addressed whether the Commission must specifically find that a 60- to 64-year-old claimant has “highly marketable” skills in order to deny him disability benefits. A number of our sister circuits and district courts have found that the failure to make a specific finding on high marketability renders the Commission’s decision unsupported by substantial evidence. See, e.g., Preslar v. Secretary of Health and Human Servs., 14 F.3d 1107, 1113 (6th Cir.1994); Emory v. Sullivan, 936 F.2d 1092, 1094-95 (10th Cir.1991); Pineault v. Secretary of Health and Human Servs., 848 F.2d 9, 11 (1st Cir.1988); Renner v. Heckler, 786 F.2d 1421, 1424-25 (9th Cir.1986); Tom v. Heckler, 779 F.2d 1250, 1256-*15657 (7th Cir.1985); Smith v. Sullivan, 799 F.Supp. 659, 664-65 (N.D.Tex.1992). We agree. 'As of September 29, 1994, McQueen was “close .to retirement age” for purposes of 20 C.F.R. § 404.1563(d). With respect to disability benefits denied McQueen after that date, the ALJ’s decision cannot stand because it includes no finding that McQueen possessed highly marketable skills.

V

The ALJ’s decision, which the Commission adopted, failed to treat McQueen as “close to retirement age” and denied McQueen’s disability benefits without a finding that he possessed “highly marketable” skills. Thus, as to the time after McQueen’s 60th birthday, the Commission’s determination was not supported by substantial evidence. In fact, nothing in the record would support a finding that McQueen possessed highly marketable skills. The district court had the power, based upon the pleadings and transcript, to reverse the , Commissioner’s judgment. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). A court may “at any time order additional evidence to be.taken before the Commissioner of Social Security, but only upon a showing that there is new evidence which is material and that there is good cause for the failure to incorporate such evidence into the record in a prior proceeding.” Id.; see Balsamo v. Chater, 142 F.3d 75, 82 (2d Cir.1998) (where the ALJ mistakenly substituted his own expertise for that of physicians and failed to introduce other evidence, vacating the judgment of the district court and remanding for calculation -of benefits due unless the Commission could show to the district court new, material evidence and good cause for the failure to incorporate it). The Commission’s disregard for its own standards concerning McQueen’s advanced age does not constitute good cause for the failure to incorporate necessary evidence. Nor does the record evince any other good cause for that failure. Owing to the Commission’s error, McQueen has been without disability benefits for years while his case wound its way to this Court. We now REVERSE the judgment of the district court and REMAND the case with instructions for the Commission to grant McQueen’s application and to calculate the disability benefits due him pursuant to this opinion. Cf. Emory, 936 F.2d at 1095 (refusing to remand for further proceedings where the Commission failed to consider high marketability and probably could not sustain its burden of- showing high marketability); Western v. Harris, 633 F.2d 1204, 1207 (5th Cir.1981) (reversing the judgment of the district court where no • substantial evidence in the record supported the ALJ’s conclusion).

. Because we reverse on the first ground, we do not consider McQueen’s remaining points of error.