filed a dissenting opinion in which HECHT, Justice, joins.
I respectfully dissent. Campbell should have been disqualified or prohibited from testifying on any matter other than attorney’s fees. The Court chooses to apply a narrow, strict interpretation of Rule 3.08 of the Disciplinary Rules as the standard in this case. The Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct are minimum standards of conduct. They are not the sole measure in determining if an attorney should be disqualified or precluded from testifying. Even were Rule 3.08 the only guide, the Court erroneously concludes that it was not violated.
Campbell, the testifying attorney, did not ascend the stand as a “witness” in the true sense of that word. He stood to profit from a favorable outcome of the trial. He used the witness stand as a platform from which to pitch his case to the jury, continuing in his role as an advocate, a role he never relinquished. He never withdrew as Anderson’s lawyer in this suit. He was the lawyer principally responsible throughout the case, and for all practical purposes, he was Anderson’s only witness at trial. He presented arguments to the jury in the guise of “fact” and “expert” testimony.
At a time when courts should be taking strong measures to restore the public’s confidence in lawyers and the legal system, the Court moves in the opposite direction.
I
There are two closely related questions presented in this case. The first is when should a lawyer who seeks to testify be disqualified as counsel. The second is when should counsel be prohibited from testifying. I would hold that an attorney may not appear as a witness to establish an essential fact on behalf of the client, other than attorney’s fees or one of the other exceptions set out in Rule 3.08(a),1 if the attorney or the attorney’s firm retains a contingent fee interest in the case. See Tex.Disciplinary R.Prof.Conduct 3.04(b) (1989).
Further, an attorney who is also an advocate in the case may not testify to matters other than those enumerated in Rule 3.08(a)(1) through (4) if opposing counsel was not promptly notified that the attorney expected to testify or where there was no showing that the testifying lawyer’s client would suffer a substantial hardship. Stated more simply, the consequence of the failure to notify opposing counsel promptly or to demonstrate that the substance of the lawyer’s testimony could not reasonably be obtained from any other source is that the lawyer is not permitted to testify, or the lawyer and the lawyer’s firm are disqualified.
*428I agree with the Court that Koch did not preserve its argument that Campbell’s firm should have been disqualified, but that does not obviate the need for reversal in this case. Campbell and his firm retained a contingency fee interest. On retrial, Campbell and his firm may continue to represent Anderson and forego Campbell’s testimony, or they may withdraw as counsel, relinquish any contingent fees, and Campbell may testify.
II
The full flavor of what transpired in this case is not conveyed in the Court’s opinion.
Campbell had a substantial financial interest in the outcome of the suit against Koch. Under the fee arrangement with Anderson, any award by the jury went first to compensate Campbell and his firm for their hourly attorney’s fees in this case, which totalled approximately $119,000 at time of trial. Thereafter, Campbell and his firm would receive a contingency fee of forty percent of any amounts awarded above $119,000. If the suit were unsuccessful, Campbell would receive only the $5,900 he was paid at the outset of the proceedings against Koch.
This suit began as a garnishment action to satisfy a judgment Anderson had obtained against Watson and others (collectively Watson). There is no dispute that, at most, Koch owed Watson $18,728. It was Campbell who conceived the fraud and conspiracy claims. Based on Campbell’s testimony, the jury awarded Anderson $164,360 in damages for fraud, $200,000 in damages for conspiracy,2 $100,000 in exemplary damages, $100,000 for wrongfully paying garnished funds, and attorneys’ fees of:
A. Through Trial $1,000,000.00
B. Appealed to the Court of Appeals $2,000,000.00
C. Seeking Writ of Error to the Supreme Court $3,000,000.00
D. Granting Writ to the Supreme Court $4,000,000.00
The trial court disregarded the findings on attorney’s fees, however, and entered judgment against Koch for $152,722 in actual damages, $100,000 in exemplary damages, attorney’s fees of $119,198, and interest.
Campbell portrayed himself to the jury as the principal lawyer in the case against Koch. In his direct testimony, Campbell first told the jury at some length about his role in the prior suit against Watson. He explained that he was responsible for “putting together” that lawsuit, and that he tried and won it, assisted by his partner Zukowski. Campbell explained that he then filed the writ of garnishment action against Koch and others in an attempt to satisfy the Watson judgment and began conducting discovery and conversing with in-house attorneys for Koch.
Campbell informed the jury that he was the one who concluded that Koch “made it apparent to Mr. Watson that there was a way to beat the system,” and that Koch had shown Watson “the tricks of the trade.” Campbell told the jury he then filed this lawsuit for fraud and conspiracy against Koch “when I saw what was happening.”
Campbell’s roles as chief investigator and as chief advocate in the suit against Koch were unmistakable. He closely identified himself with his client Anderson and with his law partner Zukowski, who conducted the questioning of Campbell. For example, Campbell told the jury “they have been playing games with us” in reiterating his belief that Koch was guilty of wrongdoing. He told of his decision to dismiss other defendants from the suit, but not Koch. The clear implication of this testimony was not only that Campbell was in charge, but that Campbell was a thorough investigator and a careful attorney, and that he let the innocent parties out of the suit, pursuing claims only against the real wrongdoers.
Campbell identified document requests he served on Koch and correspondence regarding discovery matters. Campbell proceeded to tell the jury that Koch was not forthcoming in responding to these requests. Campbell repeatedly told the jury that Koch’s dilatory tactics in the suit were evidence of the *429conspiracy in which Koch joined to keep Anderson from collecting the judgment against Watson. The discovery matters and Campbell’s testimony were admitted into evidence over the objections of Koch and in spite of the fact that there were no motions complaining of delay or noncompliance with discovery requests filed against Koch at any point in the case, much less a finding by the court of dilatory responses.
As the court of appeals pointed out, it was Campbell’s testimony that dominated the trial, comprising approximately 403 pages of a total of 578 pages of testimony. Anderson’s only other witness was Reese Anderson, the president of Anderson Producing. Reese Anderson’s testimony was very brief. He acknowledged that he had no familiarity with the facts surrounding this case, other than the fact that Watson owed him certain amounts of money and that his lawyer Campbell had obtained a judgment against Watson.
The actual evidence upon which Anderson relied in the suit against Koch was almost exclusively documentary. The trial strategy was for Campbell to “identify” the documents (over two hundred of them), even though most of the documents were generated by Koch or other defendants. Campbell was to (and did) comment on their significance as he described them, weaving in assertions of wrongdoing by Koch, while Campbell’s partner John Zukowski conducted the questioning. Zukowski summed up his and Campbell’s trial strategy in closing arguments to the jury:
We were not going to have many witnesses that we could put on the witness stand to tell you what happened. And instead of having Mr. Campbell take the stand and just tell you what he saw and what he did and what his conclusions were, what we tried to do is we tried to show you the documents as we talked about them, as we made the conclusions that we saw in the documents. We put them in front of you so that you can see it and make your own conclusions.... You can draw the same conclusions we draw. Now, what conclusions have we drawn?
In sum, Campbell principally did two things from his perch on the witness stand. He funneled extensive commentary and allegations against Koch to the jury, and he made it clear to the jury that he had been intimately involved at every turn in the case as the lawyer for Anderson.
Koch filed two motions before trial commenced seeking to prohibit Campbell from testifying, or alternatively, to disqualify Campbell and his firm. A motion to disqualify was renewed in the middle of Campbell’s direct testimony. Koch again urged its complaints in a motion for new trial. Each of these motions was overruled by the trial court.
Ill
A
We should not allow attorneys to do what Campbell and his partner did here: to sign on as counsel, prepare the entire case for trial, and then present the case to the jury through their own testimony.
The Court’s ruling could have broad implications. In cases where the facts are largely undisputed or are contained primarily in documents, such as many legal malpractice, bad faith insurance, and deceptive trade practice cases; there would appear to be little impediment to an attorney masterminding and filing the suit, conducting all of the discovery, legal research and pretrial proceedings, then appearing at trial as the “expert” and principal fact witness with questions propounded by his or her law partner. What is wrong with such a practice? The answer should be obvious. As a practical matter, it is difficult for the attorney to separate in his or her own mind the difference between the role of attorney and witness. There is a disincentive to do so where, as here, the attorney will not be paid a fee unless the outcome is favorable to the client. Moreover, any factual knowledge that the testifying lawyer might have is highly likely to be tainted by the overall knowledge he or she possesses about the case and by the fact that the attorney is an advocate for his or her client, regardless of whether there is a contingency fee. The roles of advocate and witness are inconsistent *430because the function of an advocate is to represent vigorously the interests of the client and that of a witness is to state facts objectively. Warrilow v. Norrell, 791 S.W.2d 515, 521 n. 6 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1989, writ denied). See also State Bar Rules, art. X, § 9, EC 5-9 (Texas Code of Professional Responsibility) (1984) (repealed effective January 1,1990).
The same is true regarding expert testimony. An expert witness is one who has scientific, technical, or specialized knowledge that will assist the trier of fact. Tex.R.Civ.Evid. 702. Theoretically at least, the testimony of an expert is objective. An expert witness should not also be the advocate.
The Court’s decision is directly at odds with what we did in Mauze v. Curry, 861 S.W.2d 869 (Tex.1993). We summarily disqualified a lawyer for submitting his own affidavit as an expert witness in support of a response to a motion for summary judgment. Mauze, 861 S.W.2d at 870. Thus, in Mauze, even testimony by affidavit in a pretrial proceeding before the court was grounds for disqualification. We relied on Rule 3.08. Id. We held that because the lawyer’s testimony did not come within any of the five exceptions enumerated in that rule, he should have been disqualified. Id. at 870. We relied on Warrilow v. Norrell, 791 S.W.2d 515, 523 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1989, writ denied), pointing to the pages in that opinion that identified the problems presented when an attorney ascends the witness stand, including “a broader concern for public confidence in the administration of justice — ‘justice must satisfy the appearance of justice,’ ” and the condemnation of attorneys furnishing the controlling testimony for their client. Mauze, 861 S.W.2d at 870. Accordingly, the attorney in Mauze was disqualified from participating even in pretrial motions. Id.
B
The Court’s decision today adopts a very restrictive reading of Rule 3.08 as the sole standard for disqualification. Such a standard will not always be a workable one, as exemplified in this case. Rule 3.08 is designed 1) to insure that a client’s case is not compromised by having the lawyer continue the representation when he or she would be a more effective witness by withdrawing, and 2) to insure that the client is not burdened by counsel whose testimony is adverse to the client. See Tex.DisciplinaRY R.PROf.Conduct 3.08 emt. 9 (1994). Rule 3.08 is not designed to address the broader issue of public confidence in the legal system. To give an example of the difference in focus between disciplinary proceedings under Rule 3.08 and disqualification proceedings, it is material in a disciplinary proceeding to know if the client consented to the lawyer’s dual role as advocate and witness. The client’s consent is not material in a disqualification proceeding. Whether the client agreed that his lawyer should testify does nothing to alleviate the public policy concerns inherent in trial counsel testimony.
This case also demonstrates that in disqualification cases, other rules of procedure and of attorney conduct must be consulted to insure that the process is not tainted. One of these is Rule 3.04(b) of the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, which prohibits an attorney from acquiescing in the compensation of a witness contingent upon the outcome of the case. There can be no question that Campbell violated this disciplinary rule. It is doubtful whether a lawyer who has a financial interest contingent on the outcome of the case can ever testify as to matters other than those listed in Rule 3.08(a)(1) through (4)3 and comply with Rule 3.04. The Court observes that the contingency fee issue was not raised by Koch, but a violation of this nature should not be sanctioned by any court, objection or no.
C
The Court tells us that Rule 3.08 is grounded on two concerns: that the finder of fact may become confused, and that the opposing party may be handicapped in challenging the credibility of a testifying lawyer. 929 S.W.2d at 422. However, the rationale for prohibiting a testifying lawyer from continuing to represent the client in that proceeding is grounded on much more than *431these considerations. If we condone what Campbell and his firm have done in this case, the legal process itself will only become more suspect in the eyes of the public. Even if the testifying attorney gives truthful, objective testimony, there is the concern in the mind of the public that the testimony is slanted or false.
The debate over whether a lawyer in a proceeding may testify is a long-lived one, as our Court observed in Ayres v. Canales, 790 S.W.2d 554, 556 n. 1 (Tex.1990). (For a detailed history of the advocate-witness rule, see Note, The Advocate-Witness Rule: If Z, Then X. But Why?, 52 N.Y.U.L.Rev. 1365, 1868-84 (1977).) Until recent years, lawyers generally were not permitted to testify as to material, disputed matters and continue to represent the client. The adoption of Rule 3.08 and a similar change in the ABA model rules reflect a new, more relaxed standard. Model Rules of Professional Conduct Rule 3.7 (1995).
One impetus behind the relaxation of the former standard was criticism by some commentators who gave little credence to public policy considerations when a lawyer seeks to testify; those commentators dismissed public policy concerns as unpersuasive. See, e.g., Wise, The Lawyer-Witness Rule: A Comparison of a Lawyer’s Ability to Be Both A Witness and an Advocate Under the Texas Code of Professional Responsibility and the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, 31 S.Tex.L.Rev. 651, 660 n. 28 (1990). See also International Elecs. Corp. v. Flanzer, 527 F.2d 1288, 1294 (2d Cir.1975); Enker, The Rationale of the Rule that Forbids a Lawyer To Be Advocate and Witness in the Same Case, 1977 Am.B.Found.Res.J. 455, 458-59 (challenging some, but not all, public policy considerations); Note, supra, at 1384-99.
However, time has shown us that the public has indeed lost confidence in our legal system, and we should rethink rules such as Rule 3.08, particularly where they may be used as the standard of attorney conduct in a civil case. The lawyer-witness rule has a place in our jurisprudence:
Despite its inevitable unfairness in some situations, the advocate-witness rule is a necessary restriction on the legal profession. In these times of increasing suspicion of lawyers, any possibility of distrust should be avoided. The rule is an attempt to do so. To eliminate it or even to alter it substantially at this time would severely hamper the legal system as a whole.
Poteat, Note, Disqualification of Counsel Under the Advocate-Witness Rule: Fair or Futile?, 48 U.Cin.L.Rev. 794, 808 (1979). See also Enker, supra, at 464. If an attorney combines the role of witness and advocate, “the assessment of his integrity and credibility in evaluating his testimony would likely affect the evaluation of his argument.” Enker, supra, at 463. The trial would turn on whose lawyer was the most believable. “[T]he argument would be judged in an improper frame of reference.” Id. at 464.
The Court concludes that allowing a lawyer to testify does not contribute to the loss of public confidence in our legal system to “any measurable extent.” 929 S.W.2d at 425. While I would be among the first to concede that disqualifying lawyers in cases such as this will not, in and of itself, restore confidence in lawyers or our legal system, it is a necessary step.
The concern about public confidence in our system of justice was one of the bases for disqualifying the testifying lawyer in Warrilow, 791 S.W.2d at 523, cited with approval by this Court in Mauze, 861 S.W.2d at 870, and again in today’s decision, 929 S.W.2d at 421. In Warrilow, the issue was whether an insurance company had acted in bad faith in denying coverage in connection with a hunting accident that resulted in the death of one of the hunters. 791 S.W.2d at 517-18. The lawyer for the insured participated as trial counsel and testified as an expert witness based upon his experience as a hunter and as a former insurance claims adjuster. Id. at 522. The court of appeals held:
“[T]he preservation of public trust both in the scrupulous administration of justice and in the integrity of the bar is paramount ...” and “[The client’s recognizably important right to counsel of his choice] must yield, however, to considerations of ethics which run to the very integrity of the judicial process.”
*432791 S.W.2d at 523 (quoting United Pac. Ins. Co. v. Zardenetta, 661 S.W.2d 244, 248 (Tex.App.—San Antonio 1983, orig. proceeding) (citing Hull v. Celanese Corp., 513 F.2d 568, 572 (2d Cir.1975))).
The court in Warrilow further observed that:
“The practice of attorneys furnishing from their own lips and on their own oaths the controlling testimony for their client is one not to be condoned by judicial silence * * * nothing short of actual corruption can more surely discredit the profession.”
Id. (citing Ferraro v. Taylor, 197 Minn. 5, 265 N.W. 829, 833 (1936)). ’
The court in Warrilow found the testifying attorney’s conduct particularly intolerable where he failed to show that there were no other experts with knowledge in the relevant area. Id. In the case against Koch, Campbell offered his purported expert opinions as to what oil companies did and did not do in paying interest owners. There was no showing that this “expert knowledge” was unique to Campbell.
Rule 3.08 was not designed to take these considerations into account, and thus has a number of shortcomings as the sole standard for disqualification. If the rule has been violated or will be violated, disqualification is appropriate. See Ayres, 790 S.W.2d at 556 n. 2. But that should not be the end of the inquiry.
D
The Court insists that our prior decisions have relied on Rule 3.084 as the only benchmark by which the question of disqualification should be judged. 929 S.W.2d at 421. Our decisions do not bear this out. Further, comment 9 to Rule 3.08 expressly discourages use of the rule for that purpose.5
We confirmed that Rule 3.08 is not well-suited as a procedural rule of disqualification in Ayres, although it may be used to furnish some guidance. 790 S.W.2d at 556-57 n. 2. See also Tex.Disciplinary R.PROF.Conduct 3.08 cmt. 10 (1994). We ultimately concluded in Ayres that a party seeking disqualification should demonstrate actual prejudice or some “other compelling basis” for removing the attorney from the case. 790 S.W.2d at 558.
In Ayres, the matter to be tried was whether there was an oral referral fee agreement between two attorneys. Id. at 555. Ayres contested the existence of the agreement. Id. He and his law firm were parties to the suit, and it was alleged by the other party to the suit that one of Ayres’s partners was a material witness. Id. The Court refused to disqualify Ayres, his partner, or their firm from participating in depositions and the trial, “given the distinct facts of this case.” Id. at 557-58. The decision was partially grounded on Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 7, which entitled Ayres to represent himself. Id. at 557. The Court further declined to apply Rule 3.08 “mechanically,” but cautioned that this decision did not foreclose the possibility that a different result would be warranted under different facts. Id. at 558 & n. 6.
With all due respect, the quote from Ayres relied on by the Court for the proposition that we applied Rule 3.08 as the sole standard for disqualification, 929 S.W.2d at 421, is taken out of context. We said in Ayres that the rule is not well-suited as a procedural rule of disqualification, but that it would be appropriate for a trial court to disqualify an attorney in order to prevent a violation of Rule 3.08. 790 S.W.2d at 556 n. 2. It is then that we said, “Indeed, it would be injudicious *433for this court to employ a rule of disqualification that could not be reconciled with the Texas Rules of Professional Conduct.” Id. at 557 n. 2. We clearly meant that where there was a violation, the lawyer should be disqualified, and that in other situations, the rule serves as a guide. Immediately following the quoted sentence, we said once again that we will refer to the rule “for guidance.” Id. We went on to hold that the rule did not apply to Ayres because he was an attorney representing himself at trial. Id. at 557.
We again confirmed in Spears v. Fourth Court of Appeals, 797 S.W.2d 654 (Tex.1990), that the disciplinary rules are minimum standards below which the conduct of the lawyer may not fall without being subjected to disciplinary action, but that the disciplinary rules “are not controlling as standards governing motions to disqualify....” 797 5.W.2d at 656. Citing Ayres, we said the rules are only “guidelines that articulate considerations relevant to the merits of such motions.” Id. In Spears we looked at whether the party seeking disqualification could “demonstrate actual prejudice.” Id. at 658 (noting again that Rule 3.08 is not the standard but that it may provide guidance).
Yet, in the face of what we said in Ayres and Spears, the Court adopts a strict interpretation of Rule 3.08 as the measure in this case and expressly “decline[s]” to apply any other standard. 929 S.W.2d at 422. The Court then proceeds to “analyze the present case under the dictates of Rule 3.08.” Id.
The Court’s refusal to look beyond a strict reading of Rule 3.08 also seems to be at odds with what we did in Mauze. In Mauze, the lawyer was disqualified from performing any function as an advocate, including participation in pretrial proceedings. 861 S.W.2d at 870. Otherwise, disqualification would have been a somewhat hollow remedy.
E
As another justification for applying only a restrictive reading of Rule 3.08 to the facts of this case, the Court asserts that Koch relied solely on this rule as the “controlling standard.” 929 S.W.2d at 422. The Court allows as how it might otherwise apply “a different standard.” Id. at 424.
First, it is important to note that at the time this case was tried, Rule 3.08 did not turn on whether the testifying lawyer was also an “advocate.” Former Rule 3.08 directed that a lawyer “shall not accept or continue employment in a contemplated or pending adjudicatory proceeding if the lawyer knows or believes that the lawyer is or may be a witness necessary to establish an essential fact_”6 Campbell continued in the employment of Anderson and testified at trial in violation of the Rule.
Second, Koch’s efforts to disqualify Campbell as a witness were not limited to a technical reading of Rule 3.08. Koch made its objections and the bases for its objections plain to the trial court and to the court of appeals. In Koch’s first “Motion to Disqualify Counsel or Strike Witnesses,” Koch stated that Anderson’s counsel failed to “fall within the guidelines” set forth in Rule 3.08. In that same motion, Koch also asked:
If Plaintiffs counsel continues to act as a lawyer in this case, then Defendant requests that Plaintiffs counsel be prohibited from testifying to any matter other than routine attorneys’ fees.
In Koch’s second motion to disqualify and to strike testimony, it urged wholly apart from Rule 3.08 that:
The case of Warrilow v. Norrell, 791 S.W.2d 515 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christ! 1989, no writ) clearly prohibits what Plaintiff and its counsel are attempting to do in this case. In that case, the plaintiffs lawyer testified as a material fact witness and as an expert witness and the Court held that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to disqualify that lawyer and specifically disapproved of such dual roles. Plaintiff incorrectly cited the ease of Ayres *434v. Canales, 790 S.W.2d 554 (Tex.1990) as authority supporting that Plaintiffs counsel may act as both lawyer and witness. This case does not apply as it involved a lawyer’s right to appear pro se in an action in which he is a party. Id. at 556 and 557.
Koch again asked in the alternative:
Further and alternatively, Garnishee Koch respectfully requests that this Court strike any testimony to be given by Mr. Campbell or Mr. Zukowski in this case, or disqualify each or both of them and their firm from serving as counsel for Plaintiff when they also serve as fact or expert witnesses.
After the verdict, Koch’s motion for new trial complained of the trial court’s failure to either disqualify counsel or strike witnesses, citing Rule 3.08 and Warrilow v. Norrell. Warrilow contains an extensive discussion of public policy reasons prohibiting lawyers from testifying, as set out earlier in this opinion.
Nor did Koch rely solely on a restrictive reading of Rule 3.08 in its briefing to the court of appeals. Koch’s point of error in that court regarding Campbell’s testimony was not limited to and indeed did not cite Rule 3.08.7 Koch complained of the trial court’s failure to grant its motion to disqualify counsel or to strike Campbell as a witness, and of the failure to grant a new trial. Koch discussed our decision in Mauze extensively in its brief to the court of appeals. Until today’s decision, we had never interpreted Rule 3.08 to allow a lawyer to prepare the ease for trial, to continue as attorney of record, and to testify as the chief witness at trial. To the contrary, we had broadly applied Rule 3.08 in Mauze. 861 S.W.2d at 870. Koch also relied heavily on the rationale of Warrilow in its briefing to the court of appeals, devoting three pages of its brief to that topic. Koch made it absolutely clear to the court of appeals why the testimony of Campbell prejudiced it and why Campbell should not have been allowed to testify as an “expert.” Koch prevailed in the court of appeals and therefore had no reason to urge this Court to take any additional action. The Court’s characterization of what Koch contended in the trial court and court of appeals is hypertechnical, to say the least.
If we apply the principles we applied in Mauze, and those in Warrilow, we must uphold the decision of the court of appeals and send this case back for a new trial. Koch did all that was required. We are also departing from our precedents by restricting our analysis of this case to a narrow application of Rule 3.08 under the theory that the parties did not precisely articulate the standard we might otherwise apply. The Court’s hands are not tied because the parties failed to articulate the precise standard the Court ultimately adopts. See Transportation Ins. Co. v. Moriel, 879 S.W.2d 10 (Tex.1994).
IV
The cornerstone of the Court’s decision is its conclusion that Campbell was not an “advocate” within the meaning of Rule 3.08. Setting aside the fact that the rule in effect at the time this case was tried did not turn on whether the attorney continued to function as an advocate, there can be no serious contention that in the eyes of the jury, Campbell was an advocate for Anderson. He told them repeatedly that he was.
The Court diminishes the fact that Campbell was seated at counsel table when he was not on the stand, concluding Koch waived any harm by failing to object. 929 S.W.2d at 423-424. Once again, the Court refuses to step back and take a look at the big picture of what happened in this case. The Court segments the case and views those segments in isolation, attempting to justify or at least to excuse what occurred. In so doing, the Court continually misses the point. In the minds of the jury and in reality, Campbell was ah attorney in the case and an advocate.
*435As to the lack of objection to Campbell sitting at counsel table, a review of the record is in order. Koch filed three motions to disqualify Campbell and his firm as counsel in the case. All were denied. Campbell continued as counsel of record, as the Court acknowledges and approves. 929 S.W.2d at 423^24. Campbell’s name appeared on all pleadings in the trial court. Even after trial, the motion to enter judgment on the verdict, to name one pleading, lists Campbell as counsel. Just before trial, Campbell merely ceased for a short time to be the lawyer who actually signed the pleadings. Campbell remained one of the two counsel of record. Koch had little basis for objecting to a counsel of record sitting at counsel table when Koch’s numerous motions to disqualify had been denied and Campbell was allowed to testify without any limitations.
Almost as an afterthought, the Court notes that Koch did not attempt to invoke Rule 267 of the Rules of Civil Procedure to exclude Campbell from the courtroom. 929 S.W.2d at 423. Campbell was counsel of record. He was not subject to the Rule. Furthermore, it is difficult to see how this would have cured the fact that Campbell was an advocate in the case and the jury knew it.
The opinion of the court of appeals dealt head on with the notion that the Rule should have been invoked. Indeed, the court of appeals summed up the real problem in this case:
What could be more prejudicial to an opposing party than the substantive testimony of a lawyer, as an expert witness, having full and detailed knowledge of all related matters, all discovery, all potential testimony, having been responsible or partially responsible for the “creation of the case?” We submit that seldom, if ever, does a non-lawyer witness, fact or expert, possess or have accessible, such full and complete knowledge of a case. In this scenario, even Rule 267 Tex. R.Civ.P. (placing the witness under the rule) provides no meaningful nor intended protection to the party opponent.
883 S.W.2d at 789.
V
In April of 1991, nineteen months before trial, Campbell concluded he should be a witness. Because he continued in the case as an advocate, he was obligated under the former Rule 3.08(a)(5), and would be obligated under the present Rule 3.08(a)(5), to notify opposing counsel. Campbell did not do this. The obligation to identify witnesses in response to discovery requests does not supplant the requirement of notice under Rule 3.08. The fact that Anderson’s interrogatory responses were timely is irrelevant.
The court of appeals did not err when it concluded Campbell should have been disqualified or that Campbell’s testimony should have been limited to the value of legal services rendered. The judgment of the court of appeals should be affirmed.
. Those matters are:
(1) the testimony relates to an uncontested issue;
(2) the testimony will relate solely to a matter of formality and there is no reason to believe that substantial evidence will be offered in opposition to the testimony;
(3) the testimony relates to the nature and value of legal services rendered in the case;
(4) the lawyer is a party to the action and is appearing pro se.
Tex.Disciplinary R.Prof.Conduct 3.08(a)( 1) — (4) (1994), reprinted in Tex.Gov't Code, tit. 2, subtit. G app. A (State Bar Rules art. X, § 9).
. Because the court of appeals remanded this case for a new trial, Koch has not challenged the findings of fraud and conspiracy in this Court.
. See supra note 1.
. At the time this case was tried, the version of Rule 3.08, adopted effective January 1, 1990, was in effect. Rule 3.08 was amended effective October 1, 1994.
. Comment 9 to former and current Rule 3.08 provides:
Rule 3.08 sets out a disciplinary standard and is not well suited to use as a standard for procedural disqualification. As a disciplinary rule it serves two principal purposes. The first is to insure that a client's case is not compromised by being represented by a lawyer who could be a more effective witness for the client by not also serving as an advocate. See paragraph (a). The second is to insure that a client is not burdened by counsel who may have to offer testimony that is substantially adverse to the client’s cause. See paragraph (b).
Tex.Disciplinary R.Prof.Conduct 3.08 cmt. 9 (1994); Tex.Disciplinary R.Prof.Conduct 3.08 cmt. 9(1990).
. Rule 3.08 was amended in 1994 to insert the words "as an advocate”:
(a) A lawyer shall not accept or continue employment as an advocate before a tribunal in a contemplated or pending adjudicatory proceeding if the lawyer knows or believes that the lawyer is or may be a witness necessary to establish an essential fact....
Tex.Disciplinary R.Prof.Conduct 3.08 (1994) (emphasis added).
. The point of error in the court of appeals was as follows:
The trial court erred in overruling Koch's Motion to Disqualify Counsel or Strike Witnesses, Motion to Compel Discovery and/or Motion to Disqualify Counsel and/or Strike Testimony (Tr. 199), and Motion for New Trial (Tr. 376) because Anderson’s attorney performed the dual roles of advocate and witness during trial. The trial court further erred in permitting K. Ray Campbell to testify to matters as to which there was no showing of personal knowledge. (S.F. VI: 177).