concurring.
At issue in this case is the legal status of cadets or fire fighter trainees under the Fire Fighters’ and Police Officers’ Civil Service Act, Chapter 143 of the Texas Local Government Code. In two points of error, the Houston Professional Fire Fighters Association (HPFFA) argues that the trial court erred in granting the City of Houston (the City) summary judgment on HPFFA’s claims. HPFFA contends that although Houston Fire Department (HFD) cadets are non-classified civilian employees, under a City program that became effective November 17, 2001, they are performing emergency ambulance services reserved for classified employees; they are thus displacing classified fire fighters in contravention of Chapter 143 and section 4-9 of the Houston Code of Ordinances, entitling the displaced fire fighters to reinstatement of these functions, back pay, and other damages. I agree with the majority that the trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of the City.
As I see it, the questions for this Court are (1) whether cadets are civilian employees of HFD, or whether, although they are not separately listed as classified employees in the City’s classification ordinance (as the City points out), they are nevertheless classified members of the fire department, and, if the latter, (2) whether, by implementing a program under which cadets furnish emergency ambulance services, the City is violating section 4-9 of the Houston Code of Ordinances, which reads:
Sec. 4-9. Persons authorized to engage in emergency ambulance service.
(a) The operation of emergency ambulances on the streets of the city for the furnishing of emergency ambulance service is hereby declared to be a gov*104ernmental function of the city to be performed by the fire department in accordance with the terms of this chapter. It shall he unlawful for any person or persons, other than members of such fire department in its classified civil service, while driving emergency ambulances operated by the Fire department, to furnish or to attempt to furnish emergency ambulance service or to operate or drive or cause to be operated or driven any ambulance on the streets of the city for the purpose of furnishing emergency ambulance service.
Houston, Tex., ORDINANCES § 4 — 9(a) (emphasis added.)
Chapter 143, the Fire Fighters’ and Police Officers’ Civil Service Act, defines a fire fighter as “a member of a fire department who was appointed in substantial compliance with this chapter” or who is entitled to civil service status under sections of the Act not applicable here. Tex. Local Gov’t Code § 143.003 (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005). “The term includes employees who perform.... (G) fire medical emergency technology....” Id. Since a fire fighter is, by definition, a person who was appointed in substantial compliance with Chapter 143 and who, inter alia, performs “fire medical emergency technology,” the question becomes whether HFD cadets who perform emergency ambulance services are members of the HFD who were appointed in substantial compliance with Chapter 143; if so, they are, by definition, classified members of the fire department under the Fire Fighters’ and Police Officers’ Civil Service Act, and not mere civilian employees of the fire department.
Section 143.021 of the Act provides that (a) the civil service commission “shall provide for the classification of all fire fighters”; that (b), with certain exceptions inapplicable in this case, “each fire fighter ... is classified as prescribed by this sub-chapter and has civil service protection”; and that (c) each position or classification may be filled “only from an eligibility list that results from an examination held in accordance with this chapter.” Id. § 143.021. Section 143.023 sets out the requirements for eligibility for a beginning position in the fire department; section 143.025 provides for entrance examinations; and section 143.026 prescribes the procedure for filling beginning positions in a fire department by appointment from among those persons having the highest grade on the eligibility list. Id., §§ 143.024,143.025,143.026.
Since HFD cadets must, by law, be appointed in compliance with the requirements of Chapter 143 for beginning positions in a fire department, and since, under the plain language of section 143.021, each is consequently “classified as prescribed by this subchapter and has civil service protection,” HFD cadets necessarily satisfy Houston City Ordinance section 4-9’s requirement that persons “driving emergency ambulances operated by the Fire department” be “members of such fire department in its classified civil service” — unless there is evidence in the record that HFD cadets are not, in fact, appointed as prescribed by Chapter 143, which there is not.
As the City has pointed out in its briefing, HPFFA’s argument that cadets are not classified fire fighters, but civilian employees, is based on nothing more than the City’s failure to list “cadets” in its Fire Department classification ordinance and the former practice of the HFD of not administering the civil service examination to cadets until after they had been hired and completed their training — a practice found to violate Chapter 143 in Nugent v. City of Houston, 159 F.Supp.2d *105529 (S.D.Tex.2001), and subsequently changed.1 There is no allegation and no evidence in this case that the HFD cadets alleged to have performed the emergency medical services contemplated by section 4-9 were, in fact, hired by HFD without compliance with the terms of Chapter 143 and are, therefore, civilians and not classified employees protected by the Civil Service Act. Cf. Lee v. City of Houston, 807 S.W.2d 290 (Tex.1991)(appointment of unclassified civilians who did not meet requirements of Chapter 143 into police department positions that had same supervisory responsibilities as deputy chiefs of police and lieutenants contravened Fire Fighters’ and Police Officers’ Civil Service Act). Nor does HPFFA even make such a complaint. Rather, HPFFA’s complaint is that only fully trained fire fighters may perform emergency medical services and that the performance of such functions by trainees contravenes Chapter 143 and section 4-9. However, neither Chapter 143 of the Local Government Code nor section 4-9 of the City’s Code of Ordinances requires that only classified fire fighters who have completed their training as fire fighters may perform emergency medical services. Thus, there is no statutory bar to the HFD’s program of using cadets to perform emergency ambulance services. HPFFA’s suit is without merit.
Because I agree with the majority that the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment for the City, I concur in the judgment of the panel.
. The City’s prior practice of treating fire department cadets as civilian employees until they had completed their training was based on its interpretation of the term "beginning positions” in section 143.025 of the Local Government Code, which requires that the civil service commission "shall provide for open, competitive, and free entrance examinations to provide eligibility lists for beginning positions in the fire and police departments.” Tex Gov't Code § 143.025 (emphasis added).; hence Nugent’s holding, "Chapter 143 of the Local Government Code contemplates that trainees at the police and fire academies are beginning positions in their departments.” 159 F.Supp.2d at 534. As the City points out, "The Nugent Court’s legal conclusion that the cadet position is a beginning position under § 143.025 simply meant that the cadet position was not and legally could not be a civilian position, even though the City had treated it as such for years.” The record of this case establishes that the City settled the Nugent litigation by entering into a Consent Decree which required, inter alia, that all successful fire department applicants take and pass the Civil Service entrance examination prior to employment pursuant to Chapter 143. This requirement has been in effect since January 1, 2002. Thus the evidence affirmatively refutes the City’s contention that HFD cadets are civilians rather than classified employees of the fire department appointed in compliance with Chapter 143 and entitled to civil service protection.