KBW, Inc. v. Town of Bennington

Per curiam.

KBW, Inc., by this “Petition for Declaratory Judgment and Equitable Relief” alleges that requiring it to improve a public road which abuts the plaintiff’s requested subdivision as a condition to receiving subdivision approval in the town of Bennington is invalid. All questions of law were transferred by Perkins, J., on an agreed statement of facts.

The facts of the case are these. On April 23, 1970, the town of Bennington pursuant to RSA 36:19-34 adopted subdivision regulations which provided in part: “Existing unpaved streets shall, wherever necessary and practical be widened and improved to the standards required by these regulations, at the expense of the sub-divider.” Section IV, Subparagraph B. These regulations further provided that the town may require other improvements such as sidewalks, and drainage facilities in order to receive subdivision approval. Section IV, SubparagraphsJ-L (adopted April 23, 1970).

On May 1, 1972, plaintiff submitted a subdivision proposal to the Bennington Planning Board for a parcel of land fronting on West Deering Road in the town of Bennington. The proposed subdivision consists of eight rectangular and contiguous lots which vary in size from 2.67 acres to 7.25 acres. All lots are bordered on the north by West Deering Road which is a gravel road bordered on its northerly side by the Contoocook River. On the south all *394lots are bordered by a Boston and Maine Railroad track. On the east the subdivision is bordered by land, and on the west Lot 1 of the subdivision is bordered by Bennington Road, a paved highway. The only access for Lots 2 through 8 is by means of the West Deering Road.

This road, sometimes known as the Second New Hampshire Turnpike, runs in an east-west direction and is classified as a Class V highway. RSA 231:8. It is a gravel road connecting two paved highways, one of which is Bennington Road. The subdivision borders on 1,933 feet of the West Deering Road the entire length of which is 1.3 miles. Both parties agree that if the road is to be widened, this must be done on the plaintiff’s property since the river borders the West Deering Road on its opposite side.

After much negotiation and initial disapproval of the subdivision plan because of the inadequacy of the West Deering Road, the board determined that the plan would be approved subject to a condition that the plaintiff would improve the West Deering Road to the following specifications: “Eighteen-foot gravel road with two-foot shoulders; twenty-six feet between ditches, removing as few trees as possible on the river side. There should also be three culverts (one eighteen-inch and two twenty-four inch, the location to be determined by the Planning Board.)”; and that the plaintiff dedicate a portion of its land so as to insure a right of way for the road of fifty feet in width. The plaintiff does not object to dedicating this right of way. Without prejudice, the plaintiff posted a $4,000 performance bond on August 29, 1972. See RSA 36:22. Thereafter, on October 3, 1972, without appealing the board’s decision (RSA 36:34) the plaintiff commenced this action contesting the validity of the condition to the approval of the subdivision, namely, the required improvements to the highway.

The planning board was authorized by RSA 36:21 to adopt regulations providing against “premature” subdivision which “would involve danger or injury to health, safety, or prosperity by reason of the lack of... drainage, transportation,... or other public services”; and to provide among other things, “for suitably located streets of sufficient width to accommodate existing and prospective traffic and to afford ... access of firefighting apparatus ... and be coordinated so as to compose a convenient system”. The regulations of the defendant’s planning board provided in part: “Existing unpaved streets shall, whenever necessary and practicable be widened and improved to the standards required by these regulations, at the expense of the subdivider.”

*395RSA 36:22 expressly authorized the imposition of conditions precedent to the approval of the plan, fixing “the manner in which streets shall be graded and improved”. See also RSA 36:19. Thus the authority of the board was not limited to consideration of streets within the subdivision, but extended to off-site improvements and obligations necessitated by the proposed development. The conditions imposed by the board were within recognized limits, and supported by general authority. Brous v. Smith, 304 N.Y. 164, 106 N.E.2d 503 (1952); Kreiger v. Planning Comm’n, 224 Md. 320, 167 A.2d 885 (1961); Ayres v. City Council, 34 Cal. 2d 31, 207 P.2d 1 (1949); see R. Anderson, American Law of Zoning §§ 19:32-36 (1968, Supp. 1974); 3 A. Rathkopf, The Law of Zoning and Planning 71-51 et seq. (3d ed. 1972, Supp. 1973); 2 E. Yokley, Zoning Law and Practice § 12-6 (1965, Supp. 1974). See also Carter v. Nashua, 113 N.H. 407, 308 A.2d 847 (1973); Annot., 11 A.L.R.2d 524 (1950, Supps. 1971, 1975).

In the case before us, the board could find that the improvements to the West Deering Road were required only because of the plaintiff’s proposed subdivision, since they would not. extend beyond the frontage of plaintiff’s land and no residences are presently situated on the road within the town beyond the frontage of plaintiff’s land. The conditions contained no provision for maintenance of the highway, which remained the responsibility of the town. Nor would they shift any public burden to a private owner, as was thought to be the case in State v. Jackman, 69 N.H. 318, 41 A. 347 (1898), involving an ordinance requiring an owner to clear snow from an adjoining sidewalk. Rather they constituted permissible regulation of the plaintiff’s development business, in the interest of the public safety, health and welfare. See Flanagan v. Hollis, 112 N.H. 222, 293 A.2d 328 (1972). On the record before us, the conditions were reasonable, and are valid and enforceable.

Petition dismissed.

Grimes, J., dissented.