Cite as 2023 Ark. App. 473
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION III
No. CR-22-814
Opinion Delivered October 25, 2023
MATTHEW DAVID KIMERY APPEAL FROM THE FAULKNER
APPELLANT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. 23CR-18-810]
V.
HONORABLE H. G. FOSTER,
JUDGE
STATE OF ARKANSAS
APPELLEE AFFIRMED
STEPHANIE POTTER BARRETT, Judge
Matthew David Kimery was convicted by a Faulkner County Circuit Court jury of the
offenses of rape and domestic battery in the third degree. 1 He was sentenced to thirty-five
years’ imprisonment for rape and one year for third-degree domestic battery, with the
sentences to run concurrently. On appeal, Kimery argues that the circuit court erred in
denying his directed-verdict motions for rape, asserting there was insufficient evidence to
support the verdict; specifically, he contends there was insufficient evidence to prove the
“forcible compulsion” element of the crime of rape.2 He further argues that the circuit court
1
Kimery was also charged with false imprisonment; that charge was nolle prossed prior
to trial.
2
Kimery does not contest the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his conviction for
third-degree domestic battering on appeal.
erred by improperly excluding evidence of prior sexual conduct under the rape-shield statute.
We affirm the convictions.
A motion for directed verdict is treated as a challenge to the sufficiency of the
evidence. Curtis v. State, 2023 Ark. App. 216, 663 S.W.3d 441. In reviewing a sufficiency
challenge, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State and consider only
the evidence that supports the verdict. Id. A conviction will be affirmed if substantial
evidence exists to support it; substantial evidence is evidence of sufficient force and character
that it will, with reasonable certainty, compel a conclusion one way or the other without
resorting to speculation or conjecture. Id. Circumstantial evidence may provide a basis to
support a conviction if it is consistent with the defendant’s guilt and inconsistent with any
other reasonable conclusion. Baker v. State, 2019 Ark. App. 515, 588 S.W.3d 844. Whether
evidence excludes every other hypothesis is left to the jury to decide. Id. The credibility of
witnesses and the weight of the evidence are matters for the finder of fact to decide, and this
court may not reweigh the evidence or substitute its own credibility determinations for those
of the finder of fact. Baker v. State, 2022 Ark. App. 391, 654 S.W.3d 63. The trier of fact is
free to believe all or part of any witness’s testimony and may resolve questions of conflicting
testimony and inconsistent evidence. Id.
A person commits rape if he or she engages in sexual intercourse or deviate sexual
activity with another person by forcible compulsion. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-14-103(a)(1) (Supp.
2021). “Deviate sexual activity” is defined as “any act of sexual gratification involving the
penetration, however slight, of the anus or mouth of a person by the penis of another person;
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or the penetration, however slight, of the labia majora or anus of a person by any body
member or foreign instrument manipulated by another person.” Ark. Code Ann. § 5-14-
101(1)(A) & (B) (Supp. 2021). “Forcible compulsion” is defined, in pertinent part, as
“physical force.” Ark. Code Ann. § 5-14-101(3). “Physical force” is any bodily impact,
restraint, or confinement or the threat thereof; the test used to determine whether physical
force was used is whether the act was against the will of the party upon whom the act was
committed; forcible compulsion does not depend on the quantum of force applied but rather
on whether the act is consummated against the victim’s will. Hillman v. State, 2019 Ark.
App. 89, 569 S.W.3d 372.
Kimery’s victim was his wife, AK. The parties married on January 8, 2018, separated
in June 2018, and divorced in May 2019. At trial, AK testified that on June 9, while she and
Kimery were lying in bed, her stepmother texted her pictures of her children that she then
forwarded to her ex-husband, the children’s father. Kimery became upset when he saw that
AK had texted her ex-husband, telling her that it was disrespectful to text her ex-husband
while she was in bed with him. According to AK, they then began to argue about Kimery’s
watching porn on his phone; Kimery then got on top of her, pinned her down with his arm,
and would not get off her, even though she asked several times. AK sloshed coffee from the
cup she was holding in her hand onto Kimery, who punched her, rolled her over, handcuffed
her, and proceeded to penetrate her with his fingers. On June 16, she made a report to the
Faulkner County Sheriff’s Office about the June 9 incident, stating that Kimery had hit her,
had handcuffed her, and had inserted his fingers into her vagina. AK said that she was
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initially hesitant to approach officers because Kimery was a former law enforcement officer;
he had told her that his “blue brothers” would take his side no matter what she said; and she
was afraid of him because he had told her that if she went to the police, he would hurt her.
Initially unbeknownst to AK, Kimery had videoed parts of the sexual encounter on
his phone; she was able to copy the video from Kimery’s phone, and she showed it to the
officers. She explained that the video showed her and Kimery in their bedroom; that Kimery
had her in handcuffs; he was slapping her butt, groping her breasts, and pulling her hair,
telling her that she “like[d] it rough”; that he was inserting his fingers into her; and that she
was begging him to stop because he was hurting her, but he would not stop. AK testified
that she did not consent to being handcuffed, being punched in the eye, having Kimery
grope her body, or having him insert his fingers into her vagina—nothing on the video was
consensual. AK testified that she remained in the home after June 9 out of fear that Kimery’s
behavior would become more violent if she attempted to leave; she finally left on June 16,
the day she made her report to the sheriff’s office.
On cross-examination, AK admitted that in the week before she moved out, Kimery
was gone from the house for periods of time for work; she was in contact with family and
friends; she took Kimery out to dinner and purchased a Father’s Day gift and a birthday gift
for him; and she even stayed with a friend during that week. She also admitted that she had
sex with Kimery after the June 9 incident that she said was consensual, and she sent him a
nude photo of her on June 16. AK denied that she and Kimery were role-playing at the time
of the June 9 sexual encounter, and she testified that she did not recall if she had asked
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Kimery to video it. She admitted that she continued to communicate with Kimery after his
arrest, sending him e-mails, and telling him that she loved him. On redirect, she testified
that Kimery had asked her to send him nude photos of her after June 9; although she said
that she did not want to, she sent the photos because she did not know how he would react
if she did not send them.
Kimery testified in his own defense. He claimed that on the day in question, AK was
texting her ex-husband from her son’s room; they had argued; he had apologized to her; and
he had told her that he was tired from working long hours at his job as a security officer, and
all he wanted to do was to have makeup sex and go to sleep. He said AK got up, did not say
anything to him, walked to their bedroom, and got into bed; he took those actions to mean
that she was consenting to have sex with him. He said AK would tell him that she just
wanted him to f*ck her instead of fighting with her, and she told him that she liked to make
him “work for it.” He also said that AK had told him that she would rather him make a
video of them than for him to watch pornography. He said that he went to the kitchen and
retrieved his handcuffs, and when he returned to the bedroom, AK was still in the same
position in the bed; he told her to put her hands behind her back, which she did, and he
handcuffed her. He claimed that he told her that he was going to make a video with his
phone, and she did not object. Kimery testified that he believed AK’s telling him to stop
was “a feigned resistance” and not sincere; that he stopped when she told him that he was
hurting her; and that she told him he could not be that rough with her until she got wet.
Kimery said that AK was not crying or upset; she was just talking to him in a normal tone of
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voice. He said she never objected to the use of the handcuffs or to his videoing the sexual
encounter, and even though she said no, he did not believe it was sincere. Kimery stated
that he and AK had sex on several occasions after the June 9 incident, and she sent him
nude pictures of her.
On cross-examination, Kimery admitted that he placed AK in handcuffs on June 9,
and while she was handcuffed, he penetrated her vagina. Although he admitted that it was
clear on the video that she is saying no, stop, and you are hurting me, he claimed that there
had been other times she had said this and it was a very feigned, passive resistance. He
admitted that the handcuffs were not AK’s idea, and she never told him that she wanted to
have sex, but when she got into the bed, he took that as consent. Kimery testified that AK
never objected to the sex; he asserted there was no force involved in the sexual encounter;
and he stated that even though she was saying no, he did not believe she was really saying
no.
In his sufficiency argument, Kimery concedes that he penetrated AK’s vagina with his
fingers while she was handcuffed. However, he argues on appeal, as he did in his motions
for directed verdict, that no forcible compulsion was involved. He said that he believed that
AK’s telling him no and to stop was just feigned resistance as part of their sexual preferences,
and he did not believe she sincerely meant no until she told him that he was hurting her, at
which point he stopped immediately. Kimery asserts that because he and AK continued to
communicate after the June 9 sexual encounter, she sent him nude photos of herself, and
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they continued to have sexual relations, that proved the June 9 sexual interaction was
consensual and without the use of forcible compulsion. We disagree.
Our courts have continually and consistently held that the uncorroborated testimony
of a rape victim describing penetration is enough to sustain a conviction. Brown v. State,
2021 Ark. App. 165. Witness credibility is an issue for the jury, and the appellate court will
not second-guess the determinations of the trier of fact. Shelton v. State, 2017 Ark. App. 195,
517 S.W.3d 461. Here, the testimony of Kimery and the testimony of AK are diametrically
opposed on the issue of whether the sexual interaction was consensual. AK testified that
none of it—the use of handcuffs, the groping of her body, or the penetration of her vagina
with his fingers, all while she was telling him no and to stop—was consensual. Kimery
testified that his and AK’s prior sexual encounters led him to believe that AK’s protestations
were feigned and insincere. Forcible compulsion depends on whether the act was
consummated against the victim’s will, Hillman, supra. AK clearly testified that the June 9
sexual encounter was against her will, and it is clear that the jury credited AK’s version of
events over Kimery’s version, which it is entitled to do as the finder of fact. AK’s testimony,
if believed, proved that Kimery penetrated her vagina with his fingers against her will, thus
establishing the element of forcible compulsion. There is sufficient evidence to support
Kimery’s rape conviction, and we affirm on this point.
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For his second point on appeal, Kimery argues that the circuit court erred by
improperly excluding evidence of prior sexual conduct under the rape-shield statute.3 We
disagree and affirm.
The Arkansas rape-shield statute, found at Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-42-
101 (Supp. 2023), provides, in pertinent part:
(b) In a criminal prosecution under § 5-14-101 et seq., except for a misdemeanor
violation of sexual indecency with a child, § 5-14-110, the Human Trafficking Act of
2013, § 5-18-101 et seq., or § 5-26-202, or for criminal attempt to commit, criminal
solicitation to commit, or criminal conspiracy to commit an offense defined in any of
those sections, opinion evidence, reputation evidence, or evidence of specific
instances of the victim’s prior sexual conduct with the defendant or any other person,
evidence of a victim’s prior allegations of sexual conduct with the defendant or any
other person, evidence of a person’s prior sexual conduct when the person was a
victim of human trafficking, which allegations the victim asserts to be true, or
evidence offered by the defendant concerning prior allegations of sexual conduct by
the victim with the defendant or any other person if the victim denies making the
allegations is not admissible by the defendant, either through direct examination of
any defense witness or through cross-examination of the victim or other prosecution
witness, to attack the credibility of the victim, to prove consent or any other defense,
or for any other purpose.
(c) Notwithstanding the prohibition contained in subsection (b) of this section,
evidence directly pertaining to the act upon which the prosecution is based or
evidence of the victim's prior sexual conduct with the defendant or any other person
may be admitted at the trial if the relevancy of the evidence is determined in the
following manner:
(1) A written motion shall be filed by the defendant with the court at any time
prior to the time the defense rests stating that the defendant has an offer of
relevant evidence prohibited by subsection (b) of this section and the purpose for
which the evidence is believed relevant;
3
The State failed to respond to this argument in its brief.
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(2)(A) A hearing on the motion shall be held in camera no later than three (3)
days before the trial is scheduled to begin, or at such later time as the court may
for good cause permit.
(B) A written record shall be made of the in camera hearing and shall be
furnished to the Supreme Court on appeal.
(C) If, following the hearing, the court determines that the offered proof is
relevant to a fact in issue, and that its probative value outweighs its inflammatory
or prejudicial nature, the court shall make a written order stating what evidence,
if any, may be introduced by the defendant and the nature of the questions to be
permitted in accordance with the applicable rules of evidence; and
(3)(A) If the court determines that some or all of the offered proof is relevant
to a fact in issue, the victim shall be told of the court’s order and given the
opportunity to consult in private with the prosecuting attorney.
On August 19, 2019, Kimery filed a written motion for an in camera hearing
regarding AK’s prior sexual conduct with him. He asserted that they were married, and their
previous sexual conduct was relevant to the res gestae of the case. A hearing was held on
November 21; the circuit court entered an order on December 10 finding that Kimery would
be allowed to ask AK if they had engaged in consensual sexual intercourse during the course
of their six-month marriage, but he would not be allowed to ask whether they had engaged
in prior sexual-bondage conduct, finding that “the anticipated uncorroborated testimony
related to prior bondage during the marriage is not relevant to a fact in issue,” was prejudicial
and inflammatory, and outweighed any probative value.
On November 24, 2020, Kimery moved by written motion for reconsideration of that
ruling, arguing that the prior sexual conduct between him and AK was relevant to the res
gestae of the case; that the prior sexual conduct was relevant and essential to his defense of
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consent; and that even if AK did not consent to this particular sexual act, his belief that she
did, in fact, consent was reasonable based on their prior sexual conduct. AK testified at the
January 12, 2021, hearing on that motion that bondage was not the normal sexual relations
she and Kimery had; she identified three occasions of that type of sexual relations in their
marriage—once in which Kimery forced her to wear an orange prisoner shirt, and she was
shackled and handcuffed while they had sex; another occasion in which he penetrated her
with a dildo; and the occasion that was the subject of the rape prosecution. The circuit court
entered an order on January 21 affirming its earlier ruling that Kimery would be allowed to
introduce evidence that he and AK had a prior sexual relationship, but any specifics about
bondage, handcuffing, or other specific forms of sexual interaction would be prohibited as
highly prejudicial and not probative of any legitimate aspect of Kimery’s defense. The circuit
court determined that the evidence Kimery sought to have introduced did not make it more
or less likely that on June 9, 2018, he engaged in intercourse or deviant sexual activity against
the wishes and over the objections and resistance of AK.
The purpose of the rape-shield statute is to shield victims of rape or sexual abuse from
the humiliation of having their sexual conduct, unrelated to the pending charges, paraded
before the jury and the public when such conduct is irrelevant to the defendant’s guilt. State
v. Cossio, 2017 Ark. 297, 529 S.W.3d 620. The circuit court is vested with a great deal of
discretion in determining whether evidence is relevant, and we will not reverse the circuit
court’s decision as to the admissibility of rape-shield evidence unless its ruling constitutes
clear error or a manifest abuse of discretion. Id.
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Kimery, citing Herren v. State, 2018 Ark. App. 528, 563 S.W.3d 606, argues that the
fact that he and AK previously had participated in consensual bondage and rape role-play
was part of the res gestae because it was directly related to the pending charges and was
extremely relevant and probative to the issue of consent. We disagree.
The res gestae of a criminal offense is described as
circumstances so nearly related to the main fact under consideration as to illustrate
its character and the state of mind, sentiment and disposition of the actor are parts
of the res gestae, which embraces not only the actual facts of the transaction and the
circumstances surrounding it, but also matters immediately antecedent to and having
a direct causal connection with it, as well as acts immediately following it and so
closely connected with it as to form in reality part of the occurrence.
Herren, 2018 Ark. App. 528, at 5, 563 S.W.3d at 609 (quoting Cossio, 2017 Ark. 297, at 5,
529 S.W.3d at 623). Although evidence of other crimes by the accused is generally not
admissible, under the res gestae exception, all the circumstances connected with a particular
crime may be shown to put the jury in possession of the entire transaction, and where
separate incidents constitute one continuing criminal episode or are intermingled with the
crime actually charged, the evidence is admissible. Cossio, supra.
Herren is easily distinguishable from the present case. In that case, Herren digitally
penetrated the vagina of one of his stepdaughter’s sixteen-year-old friends after smoking
marijuana and taking shots with her. Herren sought to have evidence introduced that, prior
to the digital penetration, the victim was asking him for sex, masturbating in front of him,
offering him oral sex, attempting to undo his shorts, and touching his penis through his
shorts. The circuit court excluded this evidence, finding it was not relevant and was
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prohibited under the rape-shield statute. Herren was convicted of rape. On appeal, he
argued the evidence was improperly excluded. This court agreed with Herren, holding that
the excluded evidence was res gestae because it was alleged sexual activity that occurred
between the same parties on the same night as the charged conduct and only a short time
before the penetration, and excluding such evidence was clearly erroneous because the
conduct was related to the pending charges and was thus relevant and probative to the issue
of consent.
We hold that this case is more akin to Cossio. In that case, Cossio was charged with
rape, and the circuit court allowed into evidence testimony of sexual conduct (a lap dance)
between the victim and a female friend of Cossio’s that occurred the night before the rape
as part of the res gestae of the case. The State brought an interlocutory appeal, arguing that
such evidence was not relevant to the offense as charged and was more prejudicial than
probative. The supreme court agreed with Cossio’s argument, holding that the victim’s
sexual conduct the night before the rape was not relevant and was thus inadmissible under
the rape-shield statute to show the res gestae of the charged offense since it involved a third
party, not Cossio; that the two nights did not make up a continuing sequence of events; and
that the victim’s prior sexual conduct on the night before the rape was not intermingled or
contemporaneous with the rape.
Although in the present case the sexual conduct was between the same parties, the
prior sexual conduct Kimery sought to have introduced into evidence was even more remote
in time than one day from the June 9 allegation of rape; under the Cossio holding, the
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previous sexual conduct cannot constitute the res gestae of the rape offense. Unlike the
conduct in Herren, the conduct here did not occur minutes before the rape. Kimery wants
to point to prior sexual conduct in the marriage to argue that he acted in conformity on the
night of the rape, believing that he had consent to handcuff and digitally penetrate AK. The
circuit court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to allow Kimery to ask about specific
prior instances of sexual conduct between him and AK because it was not relevant to the
question of whether there was forcible compulsion in the June 9 sexual encounter, and it
was highly prejudicial and not probative.
Affirmed.
VIRDEN and GLADWIN, JJ., agree.
The Hudson Law Firm, PLLC, by: Grace Casteel, for appellant.
Tim Griffin, Att’y Gen., by: Rebecca Kane, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
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