Delores M. Brooks v. County Commission, Jefferson

[PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
April 18, 2006
No. 05-15201 THOMAS K. KAHN
Non-Argument Calendar CLERK
________________________

D. C. Docket No. 03-02296-CV-P-S

DELORES M. BROOKS,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

versus

COUNTY COMMISSION OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, ALABAMA, THE,

Defendant-Appellee.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Alabama
_________________________

(April 18, 2006)

Before DUBINA, HULL and MARCUS, Circuit Judges.

MARCUS, Circuit Judge:

Delores M. Brooks, a white female, appeals the district court’s grant of

summary judgment to her employer, the County Commission of Jefferson County,
Alabama, (“the County”) on her claim of race discrimination in violation of Title

VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2. On appeal,

Brooks argues the district court erred by finding she did not establish that the

County’s proffered reason for not promoting her was a pretext for discrimination.

After careful review, we affirm.

We review a district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, viewing

the evidence in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion. Patrick

v. Floyd Med. Ctr., 201 F.3d 1313, 1315 (11th Cir. 2000). Rule 56(c) states that

summary judgment is appropriate “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to

interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show

that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is

entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P 56(c). To warrant the

entry of summary judgment, the moving party must demonstrate that “there is no

genuine issue as to any material fact.” HCA Health Servs. of Ga., Inc. v.

Employers Health Ins. Co., 240 F.3d 982, 991 (11th Cir. 2001). “A mere ‘scintilla’

of evidence supporting the opposing party’s position will not suffice; there must be

enough of a showing that the jury could reasonably find for that party.” Walker v.

Darby, 911 F.2d 1573, 1577 (11th Cir. 1990).

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 Title VII makes it unlawful for an employer “to discharge any individual, or

otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation,

terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race,

color, religion, sex, or national origin.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a). Because Brooks

relies on circumstantial evidence to establish her disparate treatment claim, we test

the sufficiency of that claim by applying the burden-shifting framework

established in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973), and Texas

Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248 (1981). See Chapman

v. AI Transp., 229 F.3d 1012, 1024 (11th Cir. 2000) (en banc).

Under the McDonnell Douglas framework, a plaintiff first must show an

inference of discriminatory intent, and thus carries the initial burden of establishing

a prima facie case of discrimination. See McDonnell Douglas, 411 U.S. at 802.

The plaintiff’s successful assertion of a prima facie case “creates a rebuttable

presumption that the employer unlawfully discriminated against her.” EEOC v.

Joe’s Stone Crabs, Inc., 296 F.3d 1265, 1272 (11th Cir. 2002) (citing U.S. Postal

Serv. Bd. of Governors v. Aikens, 460 U.S. 711, 714 (1983)). Second, if the

plaintiff successfully demonstrates a prima facie case, the burden then shifts to the

employer to produce evidence that its action was taken for a legitimate, non-

discriminatory reason. See Joe’s Stone Crabs, 296 F.3d at 1272. We proceed to

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the third step of the analysis once the employer meets its burden of production by

proffering a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason, thereby rebutting the

presumption of discrimination, and “[our] inquiry ‘proceeds to a new level of

specificity,’ in which the plaintiff must show that the proffered reason really is a

pretext for unlawful discrimination.” Id. at 1272-73 (citing Burdine, 450 U.S. at

255-56). “Although the intermediate burdens of production shift back and forth,

the ultimate burden of persuading the trier of fact that the employer intentionally

discriminated against the employee remains at all times with the plaintiff.” Id. at

1273.

After assuming that Brooks met her initial prima facie burden, the district

court proceeded to the second step of the McDonnell Douglas inquiry and held that

the County articulated legitimate, non-retaliatory reasons for failing to promote

Brooks to the Budget Management Officer position -- namely, that the person who

received the promotion, Tracie Hodge, a black female, was more qualified based,

in part, on her experience serving as the interim Budget Management Officer. At

the third step of the inquiry, to establish pretext, Brooks had to

demonstrate that the proffered reason was not the true reason for the
employment decision . . . [The plaintiff] may succeed in this either
directly by persuading the court that a discriminatory reason more
likely motivated the employer or indirectly by showing that the
employer’s proferred explanation is unworthy of credence.

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Jackson v. Ala. State Tenure Comm’n, 405 F.3d 1276, 1289 (11th Cir. 2005)

(alteration in original) (quotations and citation omitted). Thus, Brooks had to

produce sufficient evidence to allow a reasonable finder of fact to conclude that the

County’s articulated reasons were not believable. Id. She could do this by

pointing to “weaknesses, implausibilities, inconsistencies, incoherencies, or

contradictions” in the proferred explanation. Id.

“[T]o avoid summary judgment [the plaintiff] must introduce significantly

probative evidence showing that the asserted reason is merely a pretext for

discrimination.” Clark v. Coats & Clark, Inc., 990 F.2d 1217, 1228 (11th Cir.

1993) (citation omitted). A reason is not pretext for discrimination “unless it is

shown both that the reason was false, and that discrimination was the real reason.”

St. Mary’s Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 515 (1993). In the context of a

promotion:

a plaintiff cannot prove pretext by simply arguing or even
by showing that he was better qualified than the officer
who received the position he coveted. A plaintiff must
show not merely that the defendant’s employment
decisions were mistaken but that they were in fact
motivated by race. We have explained, a plaintiff may
not establish that an employer’s proffered reason is
pretextual merely by questioning the wisdom of the
employer’s reasons, at least not where . . . the reason is
one that might motivate a reasonable employer.

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Alexander v. Fulton County, 207 F.3d 1303, 1339 (11th Cir. 2000) (internal

quotations omitted).

Here, we readily conclude that the County’s proffered reasons -- Hodge’s

superior qualifications and the firsthand experience she attained during her tenure

as the interim Budget Management Officer -- were legitimate and non-

discriminatory in nature. Thus, the burden shifted to Brooks to “meet [the

proffered] reason head on and rebut it, and the employee cannot succeed by simply

quarreling with the wisdom of that reason.” Chapman v. AI Transp., 229 F.3d at

1030 (discussing ADEA claim). A plaintiff must show that the disparities between

the successful applicant’s and her own qualifications were “of such weight and

significance that no reasonable person, in the exercise of impartial judgment, could

have chosen the candidate selected over the plaintiff.” Cooper v. S. Co., 390 F.3d

695, 732 (11th Cir. 2004), cert. denied, 126 S. Ct. 478 (2005) (citation omitted);

see also Ash v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 126 S. Ct. 1195, 1197 (2005) (per curiam)

(approving of this language from Cooper).

On this record, Brooks did not meet her burden under Cooper to show that

the disparities between her qualifications and Hodge’s qualifications were so

severe that no reasonable person could have chosen Hodge over her. Indeed,

Brooks offered no evidence to challenge the County’s evidence that Hodge was

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hired based on her experience and firsthand knowledge related to the position.

And our inquiry at the third stage of the McDonnell Douglas analysis of a

promotion discrimination claim is not concerned with Brooks’s belief that she was

more qualified or whether we could conclude that she was better qualified than

Hodge. See Cooper, 390 F.3d at 744 (noting plaintiff’s reliance on her own belief

that she was better qualified than promotee and observing that “whether we could

conclude [the plaintiff] was better qualified than [the promotee] is not the issue

here”).

It was undisputed that Hodge had several years’ experience in the Budget

Management Office (BMO), and had temporarily served as the Budget

Management Officer. Brooks, on the other hand, had never served in the BMO

and lacked experience in performing many of the Budget Management Officer’s

duties. Under the standard announced in Cooper, Brooks did not put forth

evidence that discrimination was the real reason for the County’s decision. On this

record, Brooks did not establish that the County’s proffered reason was pretextual,

nor did she indirectly show that the proffered reason was “unworthy of credence.”

Jackson, 405 F.3d at 1289. Accordingly, the County was entitled to summary

judgment in its favor.

AFFIRMED.

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