*115 Decision will be entered that there is no deficiency for the taxable year 1965, and the parties are directed to move or otherwise act with respect to further proceedings in this case with respect to the taxable year 1966 on or before August 1, 1973.
Petitioner, an Italian citizen and resident, entered the United States in 1965 for 24 days to perform as an orchestra conductor for which he received taxable compensation. When he departed from the United States he filed a U.S. Departing Alien Income Tax Return, Form 1040C. The district director of internal revenue terminated petitioner's 1965 taxable year and issued a certificate that petitioner had complied with the obligations imposed on him by the income tax laws. Petitioner did not file a U.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return, Form 1040B, for the taxable year 1965 nor did he return to the United States during the calendar year 1965. Held: Because the 1965 short taxable year was not reopened by the petitioner or by the Commissioner under
*321 OPINION
Respondent determined deficiencies in the Federal income tax of petitioner for the taxable years 1965 *119 and 1966 in the amounts of $ 1,604.10 and $ 4,834, respectively. On March 11, 1971, petitioner filed a motion for severance of issues wherein he requested severance of the issue of whether his filing of Form 1040C for the taxable year 1965 when departing from the United States constituted an income tax return so as to bar assessment of additional income tax for that year and so as to prevent disallowance of his deductions under
*120 All of the facts have been stipulated. The stipulation of facts and the exhibits attached thereto are incorporated herein and adopted as our findings.
Petitioner, during the calendar year 1965, was a citizen and resident of Italy and did not speak or comprehend the English language. He entered the United States on September 24, 1965, and remained until October 19, 1965, for the purpose of performing as an orchestra conductor for the Lyric Opera of Chicago in Chicago, Ill.
He received as compensation from Lyric Opera $ 7,896.40, from which $ 1,800 of Federal income tax was withheld.
On October 15, 1965, petitioner filed with the district director of internal revenue at Manhattan, New York, a U.S. Departing Alien Income Tax Return, Form 1040C, covering the period from January 1, 1965, to October 19, 1965. On such return he reported his compensation from Lyric Opera of $ 7,896.40 and claimed itemized deductions aggregating $ 7,725.10, detailed in a "Schedule of Expenses Incurred." The schedule bears a "Disallowances" column which, for reasons we will enumerate later, indicates the return was examined by the district director.
The Lyric Opera advised the district director in Manhattan*121 by letter that upon proper authorization from the district director it would refund to petitioner the withheld tax in excess of the tax due on the return for 1965.
The district director, on October 15, 1965, by reason of the filing of Form 1040C: (1) declared petitioner's taxable year 1965 terminated as of that date; (2) certified that petitioner had satisfied all requirements of the Internal Revenue Code and regulations relating to departing aliens; and (3) advised the Lyric Opera that petitioner's return disclosed no tax liability, that petitioner had claimed no credit for income tax withheld, and that the $ 1,800 of tax withheld could be refunded directly to petitioner. Lyric Opera refunded the $ 1,800 in tax which had been withheld.
Petitioner did not file a U.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return, Form 1040B, for the taxable year 1965, and he did not reenter the United States during 1965 after having departed on October 19, 1965.
On November 19, 1969, the Commissioner mailed to petitioner at his address in Italy, a statutory notice of deficiency in which he determined deficiencies in income tax for the taxable years 1965 and 1966. Such statutory notice was mailed more than*122 3 years after the petitioner filed the Form 1040C. The Commissioner determined for 1965 that petitioner did not file a return, that petitioner received income from his profession as a conductor for Lyric Opera in the amount of *323 $ 7,896.40, which he had not reported for U.S. income tax purposes, and allowed petitioner no deductions or exemptions.
The narrow question presented is whether the U.S. Departing Alien Income Tax Return (Form 1040C) constitutes an income tax return for purposes of
Respondent contends that the Form 1040C is not a return as described in
The main thrust of petitioner's argument is "substantial compliance." He argues that the Form 1040C which he filed apprised the Internal Revenue Service of all the facts necessary to investigate and determine his income tax for 1965. Unfortunately, petitioner did not prove enough to rely on substantial compliance. We are unable to determine from such a skimpy record whether petitioner substantially complied or not. While we recognize that a hardship may exist in producing petitioner to testify because he is a resident of Italy, we cannot, nevertheless, accept statements of counsel as facts to examine the question of substantial compliance. Petitioner's counsel asserts that petitioner had no other income in 1965 which he would*124 be required to report on the Form 1040B and that petitioner believed he had discharged all of his filing requirements for 1965. There is no evidence in the record to support these assertions. We, therefore, find no grounds for holding that the Form 1040C constituted a return under
Any alien, resident or nonresident, who departs from the United States must obtain a certificate, euphemistically termed a "sailing permit," which evidences his compliance with "the obligations imposed upon him by the income tax laws."
*324 We shall now embark on a voyage through the various sections of the Income Tax Regulations which are enough to boggle the mind of an English-speaking U.S. citizen.
If the district director deems it necessary, the departing alien must appear before him in connection with obtaining the certificate of compliance.
This is what occurred in the instant case. The district director terminated the taxable year of petitioner and required petitioner to file Form 1040C for a short period.
The Income Tax Regulations at
Respondent argues, because a Form 1040B is required by the regulations, that only the 1040B and not the 1040C can be a return which commences the period of limitations for assessment. This line of reasoning does not necessarily follow.
*126
Respondent merely argues that the period of limitations on assessment has not expired because under
Respondent refers to the Form 1040B as a "final" return and yet cites no authority as to why the Form 1040C is not also a "final" return for a short period. He argues that the Form 1040C only reports income for a portion of the taxable year and that portion of the year is merged into the whole taxable year covered by the Form 1040B. He refers to the Form 1040B as a "declaration of finality" to the taxable year.
Respondent's argument might have some validity if the district director had not terminated petitioner's taxable year.
We recognize that filing a return for a portion of a taxable year does not commence the*128 period of limitations for assessment.
*129 We find no merit whatever to respondent's contention that the Form 1040C in this case is not a return for purposes of commencing the *326 running of the period of limitation on assessment. Respondent argues that it cannot be such a return because it is a condition imposed on a departing alien in order to leave the country. This argument leads nowhere. A district director is not required to hold collection of the tax in jeopardy by reason of the departure of the nonresident alien. Indeed, in the instant case $ 1,800 in tax was being held by the Lyric Opera. The district director must have satisfied himself that all taxes due the United States were collected because he authorized release of the withheld tax.
In 1966 petitioner again entered the United States and again had his taxable year terminated in order to obtain his certificate of compliance, yet the same district director who issued the 1965 certificate made no attempt to determine whether petitioner had income in 1965 in addition to that reported on the Form 1040C.
The regulations require a departing alien to file a detailed return as a condition to leaving the country but that return does not inform him, even in English, that he must file another return as of December 31, and the respondent now contends that the Form 1040C is not a return. Respondent points to the question on the Form 1040C as to whether the taxpayer intends to file a Form 1040B as informing the taxpayer that he must file such a form. The return asks a question but does not state a requirement. We find the Form 1040C to be very detailed. The Form 1040C requires the departing alien to list sources of income and make other disclosures not even required on a Form 1040. After examining the Form 1040C filed by petitioner we believe that the district director audited the return. Although we are handicapped by a poor record in this case, no doubt due to the absence of petitioner by reason of his return to his native Italy, and his inability to speak and comprehend English, we believe the facts surrounding the filing of Form 1040C to be these.
We believe the "Schedule of Expenses Incurred," a typewritten schedule with handwritten numbers on accounting paper, was probably*131 prepared for petitioner by Lyric Opera or some other agent of petitioner. Respondent, in his brief, argues that petitioner employed a certified public accountant to fulfill his income tax obligations for 1965. This is not a fact in this case. It was an allegation in the petition which respondent denied in his answer. We, therefore, do not find it to be a fact.
The schedule previously described bears a handwritten column entitled "Disallowances" setting forth amounts which are less than those enumerated for the specific items of expense. For example, on the line identified "Publicity and promotion," the amount first written following *327 such category is $ 1,078.42 and in the "Disallowances" column the sum of $ 165 appears. The total expenses on the schedule are shown to be $ 8,372.10 from which the total of the "Disallowances" column of $ 647 is subtracted and the net of $ 7,725.10 is carried to the face of the return. It is inconceivable to us that a taxpayer would willingly file an income tax return indicating disallowed deductions; nor do we believe that anyone, including a certified public accountant, would advise him to do so.
We conclude from all of this that petitioner*132 took the "Schedule of Expenses Incurred" to an office of the Internal Revenue Service and someone in that office examined his receipts for the expenses claimed and prepared for him a Form 1040C. The form is signed by petitioner and someone else whose signature is illegible and who also signed the portion of the return terminating petitioner's taxable year. We believe that such unidentified employee of the Internal Revenue Service examined the schedule petitioner brought with him and disallowed a a portion of the deductions and claimed the net of the deductions on the Form 1040C.
Respondent argues that if we adopt petitioner's view we are holding the regulations invalid. This is not so. The regulations requiring the filing of Form 1040B are not held to be invalid. The authority granted to the Secretary or his delegate is broad enough to require filing both returns. We merely hold that the Form 1040C is a return sufficient to commence the running of the period of limitation because the district director terminated the taxable year of petitioner. Respondent cites an unpublished special ruling wherein the Deputy Commissioner in 1950 held the following:
The filing of a Form 1040C*133 necessitates an immediate termination of the taxable period of the individual and any normal tax and surtax exemption to which he may be entitled as prorated accordingly. The closing of such taxable period does not however, close the taxable year. A taxpayer whose taxable period has been terminated may file, and is required to file, a final return for the full taxable year at the expiration of such year.
That ruling was published prior to the enactment of
Respondent cites our opinion in
Our holding is fortified by the legislative history of
This section, except subsection (b), makes no material change from existing law. Subsection (b) is a new provision which permits the taxable year, once closed by the Secretary, to be reopened. Subsection (b) will apply, for example, in the case of an alien who departs from and returns to the United States within the 12-month period which would otherwise be his taxable year. Under existing law, such a taxpayer would have more than 1 taxable year in the same 12-month period. This section provides that the taxable year shall be reopened if the taxpayer files a true and accurate return of his items of gross income, deductions, and credits, together with such other information as may be required by regulations. [H. Rept. No. 1337, to accompany H.R. 8300 (Pub. L. No. 591), 83d Cong., 2d Sess., p. A421 (1954).]
In our view what Congress intended was a reopening of the taxable year of a departing nonresident alien if such alien received income or incurred expenses during a calendar year following the short-period*136 terminated year. We conclude that the "true and accurate" return described above in the report of the House is the Form 1040B. Such interpretation seems to be consistent with
(b) Reopening of Taxable Period. -- Notwithstanding the termination of the taxable period of the taxpayer by the Secretary or his delegate, as provided in subsection (a), the Secretary or his delegate may reopen such taxable period each time the taxpayer is found by the Secretary or his delegate to have received income, within the current taxable year, since a termination of the period under subsection (a). A taxable period so terminated by the Secretary or his delegate may be reopened by the taxpayer (other than a nonresident alien) if he files with the Secretary or his delegate a true and accurate return of the items of gross income and of the deductions and credits allowed under this title for such taxable *329 period, together with such other information as the Secretary or his delegate may by regulations prescribe. If the taxpayer is a nonresident alien the taxable period so terminated may be reopened by him if he files, or causes to be filed, with the Secretary *137 or his delegate a true and accurate return of his total income derived from all sources within the United States, in the manner prescribed in this title.
In the instant case the petitioner did not reopen his taxable year because he did not file a Form 1040B. The Commissioner did not reopen the taxable year. In neither his statutory notice of deficiency nor in the trial of this case, does the Commissioner assert that petitioner received any income in addition to that reported on the Form 1040C. The reopening of the taxable period by the Commissioner provided by
In view of our holding that*138 the Form 1040C is a "return," it follows that petitioner's deductions for the short-period taxable year cannot be disallowed under the provisions of
We conclude that the myriad of procedures prescribed by the Commissioner in the regulations in his effort to insure that the United States collects all income taxes from departing nonresident aliens are adequate to that end without requiring a non-English-speaking alien to personally file a detailed*139 return, have it audited and cleared, depart the country without being advised in writing that he must file another return in order to receive the benefit of his deductions, and then some 4 years later, receive a statutory notice of deficiency advising him that he did not file a return.
*330 Decision will be entered that there is no deficiency for the taxable year 1965, and the parties are directed to move or otherwise act with respect to further proceedings in this case with respect to the taxable year 1966 on or before August 1, 1973.
Simpson, J., concurring: I wholly agree with the results reached by the majority. In my opinion, such results are inconsistent with the rationale of this Court's opinion in
Footnotes
1. All references are to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, unless otherwise noted.↩
2. It is possible that our holding is in some conflict with the rationale of our opinion in
Ludwig Littauer & Co., 37 B.T.A. 840 (1938) . However, the issue in that case is not before us here.Irving v. Gray, 344 F. Supp. 567">344 F. Supp. 567 (S.D. N.Y. 1972), on appeal (C.A. 2, Aug. 17, 1972); Williamson v.United States, an unreported case (N.D. Ill. 1969, 24 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 69">24 A.F.T.R. 2d 69 -5561, 69-2U.S.T.C. par. 9681), affirmed in an unreported opinion (C.A. 7, Apr. 8, 1971); contra,Schreck v. United States, 301 F. Supp. 1265 (D. Md. 1969) ;Clark v. Campbell, 341 F. Supp. 171 (N.D. Tex. 1972) ;Rambo v. United States, 353 F. Supp. 1021↩ (W.D. Ky. 1972) .