F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
PUBLISH
JUL 9 2004
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
TENTH CIRCUIT
BRIAN NETWIG,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v. Nos. 03-3030 & 03-3210
GEORGIA-PACIFIC CORPORATION
and WILLAMETTE INDUSTRIES,
INC.,
Defendants - Appellees.
APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF KANSAS
(D.C. Nos. 01-CV-2025-CM & 02-CV-2143-CM)
Patrick R. Miller of Ullman, Dezube & Miller, PA., Overland Park, Kansas, for
Plaintiff-Appellant.
Paul Hasty, Jr., of Wallace, Saunders, Austin, Brown & Enochs, Chartered,
Overland Park, Kansas, for Defendant-Appellee Georgia-Pacific Corporation, and
Nikki Cannezzarro (John E. Franke on the brief) of Franke, Schultz & Mullen,
P.C., Kansas City, Missouri, for Willamette Industries, Inc.
Before SEYMOUR, McKAY, and TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judges.
McKAY, Circuit Judge.
In this appeal, we address a court’s jurisdiction to reinstate a case after a
plaintiff voluntarily dismisses it under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a). Appellant was
injured while installing plumbing lines that Appellees manufactured and
distributed. He timely filed a complaint in the District of Kansas, where the
injury occurred, but failed to serve Appellees within Kansas’ two-year statute of
limitations period. Upon service, Appellees filed motions to dismiss for failure to
effect service. Apparently recognizing his error, Appellant filed a notice of
voluntary dismissal pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a). Aplt. App., Vol. I, at 26-
28. Less than two months later, Appellant filed a new complaint in the District of
Minnesota, alleging the same claims against the same defendants. Appellees filed
motions asking the Minnesota district court to either apply Kansas’ two-year
statute of limitations and dismiss the case or transfer the case back to Kansas
under 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). The court denied the motions to dismiss–holding that
Minnesota’s five-year statute of limitations applied–but transferred venue back to
Kansas. Aplt. App., Vol. I, at 121-22.
After receiving the Minnesota case, the Kansas district court entered a
series of orders which caused all of Appellant’s claims, in both cases, to be
dismissed with prejudice. The court first reinstated the Kansas case pursuant to
Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) over Appellant’s objection. It then consolidated the two
cases, dismissed the Kansas case for failure to effect service within Kansas’ two-
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year limitations period, and finally used the dismissal of the Kansas case as its
ground for dismissing the Minnesota case under the doctrine of res judicata.
Aplt. App., Vol. I, at 169.
Appellant argues that the Kansas district court erred by reinstating the
Kansas case over Appellant’s objection. We review this jurisdictional issue de
novo. Plaza Speedway v. United States, 311 F.3d 1262, 1266 (10th Cir. 2002).
We hold that the court erred by reinstating the case after Appellant voluntarily
dismissed it under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a). Rule 41 provides that “an action may be
dismissed by the plaintiff without order of court . . . by filing a notice of
dismissal at any time before service by the adverse party of an answer or of a
motion for summary judgment, whichever first occurs.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
41(a)(1)(i). Appellant filed his notice of dismissal on May 31, 2001, prior to
service of an answer or a motion for summary judgment. Aplt. App., Vol. I, at
26-28. Thus, under the plain language of Rule 41, Appellant had the right to
voluntarily dismiss the Kansas case, and since “[t]he filing of a notice of
dismissal pursuant to Rule 41(a)(1)(i) does not require an order of the court,” the
dismissal was effective on May 31, 2001, when it was filed. Janssen v. Harris,
321 F.3d 998, 1000 (10th Cir. 2003). This dismissal is without prejudice, since
Appellant’s notice of dismissal did not provide otherwise. Fed. R. Civ. P.
41(a)(1).
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Although the Kansas district court acknowledged that Appellant had
dismissed his Kansas case, it held that “the court does retain jurisdiction for the
limited purpose of reviewing a Rule 60(b) challenge to the dismissal.” Aplt.
App., Vol. I, at 65. We hold that the district court lacked jurisdiction to reinstate
the Kansas case over Appellant’s objection.
Rule 60 provides that “[o]n motion and upon such terms as are just, the
court may relieve a party . . . from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for . . .
any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment.” Fed. R.
Civ. P. 60(b)(6). Appellees argue that a voluntary dismissal under Rule
41(a)(1)(i) is a “proceeding” within the meaning of Rule 60(b). In support of this
argument, Appellees cite Noland v. Flohr Metal Fabricators, Inc., 104 F.R.D. 83,
86 (D. Alaska 1984). This case is not binding on this court. Further, although
Noland categorized a plaintiff’s voluntary dismissal as a “proceeding” under Rule
60(b), it did so to provide relief to the plaintiff, whose notice of dismissal had
mistakenly dismissed all claims instead of only one defendant. Noland, 104
F.R.D. at 87. Therefore, since Noland invoked Rule 60(b) at a plaintiff’s request,
it did not address the critical issue here–whether a court may invoke Rule 60(b) to
reinstate a voluntarily dismissed case over plaintiff’s objection.
On this issue, we have held that once a Rule 41(a)(1) dismissal has been
filed, “the district court loses jurisdiction over the dismissed claims and may not
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address the merits of such claims or issue further orders pertaining to them.”
Janssen, 321 F.3d at 1000 (quoting Duke Energy Trading & Mktg., L.L.C. v.
Davis, 267 F.3d 1042, 1049 (9th Cir. 2001)). We reasoned that
[t]he filing of a Rule 41(a)(1)(i) notice itself closes the file.
There is nothing the defendant can do to fan the ashes of that
action into life and the court has no role to play. This is a
matter of right running to the plaintiff and may not be
extinguished or circumscribed by adversary or court. There is
not even a perfunctory order of court closing the file. Its alpha
and omega was the doing of the plaintiff alone. The effect of
the filing of a notice of dismissal pursuant to Rule 41(a)(1)(i)
is to leave the parties as though no action had been brought.
Id. (internal brackets omitted). Therefore, Appellant’s dismissal was effective
upon filing, and the Kansas district court lacked jurisdiction to reinstate the
Kansas case.
Accordingly, we hold that the attempted reinstatement of the Kansas case is
a nullity and direct the district court to reinstate the transferred Minnesota case
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
REVERSED and REMANDED.
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