J-S46011-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
THEODORE RIDGEWAY,
Appellant No. 3339 EDA 2015
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 8, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-51-CR-0460791-2002
CP-51-CR-0407611-2002
CP-51-CR-0407671-2002
CP-51-CR-0512841-2002
CP-51-CR-0801481-2002
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., OTT, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED AUGUST 15, 2016
Appellant, Theodore Ridgeway, appeals pro se from the post-
conviction court’s October 8, 2015 order denying, as untimely, his petition
filed under the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
We affirm.
Following Appellant’s involvement in a 2002 armed robbery spree that
lasted several months, a jury convicted him of numerous counts of various
offenses, including robbery, conspiracy, possessing an instrument of crime,
and carrying a firearm without a license. Appellant was sentenced on March
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*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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17, 2004, to an aggregate term of 115½ to 231 years’ incarceration. On
August 24, 2005, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence and
our Supreme Court denied his subsequent petition for allowance of appeal on
April 4, 2006. Commonwealth v. Ridgeway, 885 A.2d 584 (Pa. Super.
2005) (unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, 895 A.2d 1260 (Pa.
2006). Thus, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on July 3,
2006, at the expiration of the 90-day time-period for seeking review with the
United States Supreme Court. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3) (stating that a
judgment of sentence becomes final at the conclusion of direct review or the
expiration of the time for seeking the review); Commonwealth v. Owens,
718 A.2d 330, 331 (Pa. Super. 1998) (directing that under the PCRA,
petitioner’s judgment of sentence becomes final ninety days after our
Supreme Court rejects his or her petition for allowance of appeal since
petitioner had ninety additional days to seek review with the United States
Supreme Court).
Appellant filed his first, pro se PCRA petition on March 16, 2007. After
that petition was denied by the PCRA court, this Court affirmed, and our
Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal.
Commonwealth v. Ridgeway, 40 A.3d 180 (Pa. Super. 2011)
(unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, 47 A.3d 846 (Pa. 2012).
Appellant filed a second, pro se PCRA petition, which underlies the
present appeal, on July 2, 2015. On August 19, 2015, the PCRA court issued
notice of its intent to dismiss the petition in accordance with Pa.R.Crim.P.
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907. Appellant filed a pro se response, but on October 8, 2015, the court
issued an order denying his petition as being untimely filed. Appellant filed a
timely notice of appeal. While the PCRA court did not direct Appellant to file
a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, the court issued an opinion on December 14,
2015. Herein, Appellant presents two questions for our review:
1. Whether the PCRA court abused its discretion in denying [the]
PCRA [p]etition as untimely in light of this Court[’s] decision
declaring mandatory minimum [sentencing] statutes in
Pennsylvania facially unconstitutional in their entirety[,] which
implicate[s] the legality of Appellant’s sentence of [115½ to 231]
years in prison?
2. Whether this Court will raise sua sponte legality of sentence
questions concerning Appellant’s illegal[,] unconstitutional
sentence of [115½ to 231] years in prison due to the application
of the mandatory minimum [sentencing] statutes?
Appellant’s Brief at 3.
This Court’s standard of review regarding an order denying a petition
under the PCRA is whether the determination of the PCRA court is supported
by the evidence of record and is free of legal error. Commonwealth v.
Ragan, 923 A.2d 1169, 1170 (Pa. 2007). We must begin by examining the
timeliness of Appellant’s petition, as the PCRA time limitations implicate our
jurisdiction and may not be altered or disregarded in order to address the
merits of a petition. Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1267
(Pa. 2007). Under the PCRA, any petition for post-conviction relief, including
a second or subsequent one, must be filed within one year of the date the
judgment of sentence becomes final, unless one of the following exceptions
set forth in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii) applies:
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(b) Time for filing petition.--
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second
or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the
date the judgment becomes final, unless the petition
alleges and the petitioner proves that:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the
result of interference by government officials with
the presentation of the claim in violation of the
Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the
Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that
was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United
States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after
the time period provided in this section and has been
held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). Any petition attempting to invoke one of
these exceptions “shall be filed within 60 days of the date the claim could
have been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).
Here, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on July 3, 2006,
and thus, his petition filed in July of 2015 is patently untimely under section
9545(b)(1). Consequently, for this Court to have jurisdiction to review the
merits of Appellant’s underlying claims, he must prove that he meets one of
the exceptions to the timeliness requirements set forth in 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b).
In this regard, Appellant does not explicitly state what exception he is
attempting to plead and prove. Instead, he argues that mandatory
minimum sentences imposed in his case, under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9712.1, are
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illegal in light of Alleyne v. United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151, 2163 (2013)
(holding that “facts that increase mandatory minimum sentences must be
submitted to the jury” and “found beyond a reasonable doubt”), and
Commonwealth v. Newman, 99 A.3d 86 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc)
(holding that 42 Pa.C.S. § 9712.1 is unconstitutional, in its entirety, in light
of Alleyne). Appellant contends that this Court always has jurisdiction to
correct an illegal sentence and, thus, we must do so in his case.
Preliminarily, we acknowledge that “[i]f no statutory authorization
exists for a particular sentence, that sentence is illegal and subject to
correction.” Commonwealth v. Rivera, 95 A.3d 913, 915 (Pa. Super.
2014) (citation omitted). Arguably, then, Appellant’s mandatory minimum
sentences, imposed under a now-unconstitutional sentencing statute, are
illegal.
However, because Appellant’s PCRA petition is untimely, we do not
have jurisdiction to correct those illegal sentences unless he pleads and
proves the applicability of one of the above-stated timeliness exceptions.
See Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 222 (Pa. 1999) (“[A]lthough a
legality of sentence is always subject to review within the PCRA, claims must
first satisfy the PCRA’s time limits or one of the exceptions thereto.”);
Commonwealth v. Fowler, 930 A.2d 586, 592 (Pa. Super. 2007) (“[A]
court may entertain a challenge to the legality of the sentence so long as the
court has jurisdiction to hear the claim. In the PCRA context, jurisdiction is
tied to the filing of a timely PCRA petition.”). Presumably, Appellant’s
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reliance on Alleyne and/or Newman is an effort to satisfy the ‘new
constitutional right’ exception of section 9545(b)(1)(iii). His attempt to do
so, however, fails outright because Alleyne was decided on June 17, 2013,
and Newman was decided on August 20, 2014. Appellant’s petition was not
filed until July 2, 2015, and, therefore, he clearly has not satisfied the 60-
day requirement of section 9545(b)(2).
Nevertheless, we also note that Appellant’s reliance on Alleyne and/or
Newman cannot satisfy the ‘new constitutional right’ exception of section
9545(b)(1)(iii). In Commonwealth v. Abul-Salaam, 812 A.2d 487 (Pa.
2002), our Supreme Court stated:
Subsection (iii) of Section 9545 [(b)(1)] has two requirements.
First, it provides that the right asserted is a constitutional right
that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States
or this court after the time provided in this section. Second, it
provides that the right “has been held” by “that court” to apply
retroactively. Thus, a petitioner must prove that there is a “new”
constitutional right and that the right “has been held” by that
court to apply retroactively. The language “has been held” is in
the past tense. These words mean that the action has already
occurred, i.e., “that court” has already held the new
constitutional right to be retroactive to cases on collateral
review. By employing the past tense in writing this provision, the
legislature clearly intended that the right was already recognized
at the time the petition was filed.
Id. at 501.
Clearly, Newman cannot satisfy the requirements of section
9545(b)(1)(iii), as it was not a decision by the United States Supreme Court
or the Pennsylvania Supreme Court (and, in any event, it did not announce a
new constitutional right). Moreover, in Commonwealth v. Miller, 102 A.3d
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988 (Pa. Super. 2014), this Court ruled that Alleyne does not meet the
second requirement of section 9545(b)(1)(iii), stating:
Even assuming that Alleyne did announce a new constitutional
right, neither our Supreme Court, nor the United States
Supreme Court has held that Alleyne is to be applied
retroactively to cases in which the judgment of sentence had
become final. This is fatal to Appellant's argument regarding the
PCRA time-bar. This Court has recognized that a new rule of
constitutional law is applied retroactively to cases on collateral
review only if the United States Supreme Court or our Supreme
Court specifically holds it to be retroactively applicable to those
cases. Commonwealth v. Phillips, 31 A.3d 317, 320 (Pa.
Super. 2011), appeal denied, 615 Pa. 784, 42 A.3d 1059 (2012),
citing Tyler v. Cain, 533 U.S. 656, 663, 121 S.Ct. 2478, 150
L.Ed.2d 632 (2001); see also, e.g., Commonwealth v. Taylor,
933 A.2d 1035, 1042 (Pa. Super. 2007) (stating, “for purposes
of subsection (iii), the language ‘has been held by that court to
apply retroactively’ means the court announcing the rule must
have also ruled on the retroactivity of the new constitutional
right, before the petitioner can assert retroactive application of
the right in a PCRA petition[ ]”), appeal denied, 597 Pa. 715,
951 A.2d 1163 (2008). Therefore, Appellant has failed to satisfy
the new constitutional right exception to the time-bar.
Id. at 995. Since Miller, neither our Supreme Court, nor the United States
Supreme Court, has held that Alleyne applies retroactively.1 Thus, Alleyne
cannot be the basis for application of the timeliness exception of section
9545(b)(1)(iii).
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1
Indeed, in the recent decision of Commonwealth v. Washington, __
A.3d __, 2016 WL 3909088 (Pa. filed July 19, 2016) (No. 37 EAP 2015), our
Supreme Court held that Alleyne does not apply retroactively to collateral
attacks on mandatory minimum sentences. However, if at some point the
United States Supreme Court holds that Alleyne does apply retroactively to
collateral review, Appellant may file a PCRA petition, within 60 days of that
decision, asserting the timeliness exception of section 9545(b)(1)(iii).
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In sum, because Appellant’s PCRA petition is untimely, and he has not
satisfied a timeliness exception, we are constrained to conclude that we do
not have jurisdiction to correct his illegal sentences. See Fahy, 737 A.2d at
222; Fowler, 930 A.2d at 592. Thus, we affirm the PCRA court’s denial of
Appellant’s untimely petition.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/15/2016
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