ACCEPTED
12-14-00007-CV
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS
TYLER, TEXAS
4/27/2015 1:29:18 PM
CATHY LUSK
CLERK
No. 12-14-00007-CV
In the Court of Appeals FILED IN
12th COURT OF APPEALS
Twelfth Court of Appeals District TYLER, TEXAS
Tyler, Texas 4/27/2015 1:29:18 PM
CATHY S. LUSK
REX SMITH and NANCY SMITH, Clerk
Appellants
v.
KELLY DAVIS AND AMBER DAVIS
Appellees
Appealed from the 294th Judicial District Court
Van Zandt County, Texas
APPELLEES’ MOTION FOR REHEARING OF
OPINION ON REHEARING RENDERED APRIL 22, 2015
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES:
S. Gary Werley
Law Office of S. Gary Werley
Texas State Bar No. 21187000
1840 Acton Highway, Suite 102
Granbury, Texas 76049
817-573-7700
817-573-7710 - fax
sgwerley@werleylaw.com
TO THE HONORABLE JUDGES OF SAID COURT:
NOW COMES, Kelly Davis and Amber Davis, Appellees, and files this
Motion for Rehearing of the Court’s Opinion Rendered on April 22, 2015, and for
same would show unto the Court the following:
I.
Appellees requested the Court review its opinion of April 22, 2015 and reverse
its ruling on the amount of the reimbursement to be paid to the Davis’, contrary to
the amount as found by the jury and by Trial Court in its Judgment. Appellant did
not raise an issue as to the amount of the reimbursement, only whether or not the
rescission was due.
The Court of Appeals erred in making a finding of fact that “Rex applied the
amount of the principal the Davises had paid on lot 9 ($3,700.00) to lot 7”. The
Court of Appeals is not a fact finder; this statement is contrary to the evidence, the
jury finding and the judgment entered by the Trial Court.
In the Appellant Brief and the original motion for rehearing, the
Appellant/Defendant Smith did not object to the amount of actual damages.
Notwithstanding same, the Court modified its opinion and judgment.
The jury question on actual damages was:
“What sum of money, if any, if paid now in cash, would fairly and reasonably
compensate Kelly Davis and Amber Davis for their damages, if any, that resulted
from such fraud?”
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 1
The jury was instructed to “Consider the amount of money received by Rex
Smith from Kelly and Amber Davis and the taxes paid by the Davises on the
property”. (CR 319).
The Jury found the amount of $33,664.41.
Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 1 shows a down payment of $1,000.00. Plaintiffs’ Exhibit
5 shows payments of $472.00 on Tract 9 for 25 payments. Kelly Davis testified that
the monies paid on Tract 9 would be applied to Tract 7. (RR Vol. 2, p. 74).
Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 5 shows payments of $565.00 on Tract 7. Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 3
shows a down payment of $3,700.00, and that payments begin on April 22, 2005.
Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 5 shows some, but not all payments from April 2005 to November
2007. Amber Davis testified that the Exhibit was not complete and had gaps. (RR
33). Mr. Davis testified that they paid the property taxes on the properties. (RR Vol.
2, p. 53, 66). The taxes for one year, on Tract 9, a smaller tract than Tract 7, were
$250.00. (Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 5). The facts of this lawsuit covered five years, from
2003 through 2007.
Down payment 2003, Pl. Exh. 1 $ 1,000.00
Down payment 2005, Pl. Exh. 3 $ 3,700.00
25 monthly payments Tract 7, Pl. Exh. 1, 2, 5 $11,800.00
32 monthly payments Tract 9, Pl. Exh. 3, 4, 5 $18,080.00
Minimum taxes 03 (partial)-09 $ 1,680.00
TOTAL $36,260.00
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 2
The answer by the jury to the question was supported by the evidence and is not
against the overwhelming weight and preponderance of the evidence so as to be
manifestly unjust. The Courts judgment is supported by the evidence.
Rescission damages should start at $33,664.41, as found by the jury and the
Trial Court’s judgment affirmed in that regard.
II.
Appellees request a rehearing on the right to attorney’s fees §5.069, §5.070,
and §5.072 of the Texas Property Code. Each of the above-stated Code sections
provide that a violation (failure to provide information required by §5.069 (a); failure
to provide information required by §5.070 (a); failure to provide notice required by
§5.072(d)) is false, misleading or deceptive, or practice within the meaning of
§17.46, Business & Commerce Code and is actionable thereunder. Pursuant to the
statutory requirements, Plaintiffs’ Second Amended Petition alleged in paragraphs
IV, V, and VI violations of §5.069, §5.070, and §5.072, and that each one of the
above acts were a “false, misleading or deceptive act or practice within the meaning
of the Deceptive Trade Practice-Consumer Protection Act and allows a purchaser to
cancel and rescind executory contract and receive a full refund of all payments made
to the Defendants. (CR 164). There were no special exceptions filed against the
Petition or heard by the Court. The Property Code sections state that the conduct
constitutes a false, misleading, or deceptive act within the meaning of Section 17.46,
and allows the remedies to flow therefrom. No other jury questions need to be
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 3
requested; same would be redundant and asking a legal question: i.e., “Do you find
the conduct to be false, misleading or deceptive as stated by the Legislature and
signed into law by the Governor?” There was a finding by the jury of a violation of
the Texas Property Code, which is also a violation of the Texas Deceptive Trade
Practice-Consumer Protection Act. Pursuant to §17.50(d) of the Texas Business &
Commerce Code, the Appellees are entitled to attorney’s fees.
The Court stated “however, as in Morton, that the Davis’ did not recover under
the DTPA.” Morton v. Nyugen, 412 S.W.3d 506, 509-10 (Tex. 2013) was a bench
trial. The Davis’ did recover under the DTPA. The law in Texas is that if there is a
finding on an element of a cause of action and judgment is rendered thereon, any
missing element is an implied finding by the Court. As there was no objection to
the charge on this issue, this Court must presume that the trial court made implied
findings on any missing element to support the judgment. Nacogdoches Memorial
Hospital v. Justice, 694 S.W.2d 404, 207 (Tex.App.-Tyler 1985). See Skelly Oil
Company v. Medical & Surgical Clinic, 418 S.W.2d 574, 578 (Tex.Civ.App.-Tyler
1967) which stated that Rule 279 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure provides the
grounds for recovery or defense consist of one or more element; that is, requires
more than one (1) issue to submit them, and the Courts submits some of the elements
and omits others and there is no objections to the failure to submit same, the parties
are placed in the same position of having agreed to waive a jury trial on the
unsubmitted elements and to have submitted them to Court for his determination.
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 4
Under the rule of implied findings, the jury verdict and the judgment rendered by
the Court require the award of attorney’s fees on rehearing. The award and amount
of the attorney’s fees should be affirmed as stated in the judgment.
The pleadings filed by Plaintiff stated that violations of the sections of the
Texas Property Code, in several instances, allowed for attorney’s fees under the
DTPA. For instance, §5.069 provides that the Seller shall provide the Purchaser a
survey. §5.070, not addressed by Appellant, provides that the Seller shall provide
the Purchaser tax certificates. These items were not provided as found by the jury
in response to Jury Questions. Both Sections state that the “failure to provide the
information required by this Section is a false, misleading or deceptive act or practice
within the Deceptive Trade Practice Act, and entitles the Purchaser to cancel and
rescind the Executory Contract and receive full refund of all payments made to the
Seller.
Either one of these disclosures would have disclosed that the property
described as Lot 7 of the Tall Oaks Estates Subdivision, Van Zandt County, did not
exist. (Pl’s Exh. 3, Def’s Exh 7A, RR 94). The jury found that as a result of the
failure to provide a survey and/or tax certificates for the property that did not exist,
the Davis’ relied upon these misrepresentations, and subsequently suffered damages
in excess of $33,000.00. As a result the actions of Mr. Smith, attorney’s fees are
due.
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 5
III.
Application of Chapter 41 of the Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code to
§5.077 of the Texas Property Code.
Defendant did not plead the unconstitutionality of any statute and therefor
waived same as an affirmative defense. (T.R.C.P. Rule 92). Defendant did not raise
any issue on this question in pretrial or post-trial motion filed with the Court. Failure
to bring this issue to the Court’s attention before the appeal is a waiver of this issue.
After the decision of Flores v. Millennium Interests, Ltd., 185 S.W.3d 427,
429 (Tex. 2005) the legislature amended §5.077 of the Texas Property Code to place
a cap on damages. This Court’s opinion as stated in 2014 WL 4104167 was a correct
application of the statute, which stated as follows:
“APPLICABILITY OF TEXAS CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE
CHAPTER 41
In their third issue, the Smiths contend that the trial court was required to apply
Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 41 in awarding damages under
Texas Property Code Section 5.077 and it failed to do so.
Standard of Review and Applicable Law
The meaning of a statute is a question of law, which we review de novo to ascertain
and give effect to the legislature’s intent. Entergy Gulf States, Inc. v. Summers, 282
S.W.3d 433, 437 (Tex.2009); Hong Kong Dev., Inc. v. Nguyen, 229 S.W.3d 415,
457 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.). When construing a statute, we
begin with its language. Our primary objective is to determine the legislature’s
intent, which, when possible, we discern from the plain meaning of the words
chosen. State v. Shumake, 199 S.W.3d 279, 284 (Tex.2006). We presume the
legislature intended a just and reasonable result by enacting the statute. City of
Rockwall v. Hughes, 246 S.W.3d 621, 626 (Tex.2008). Where text is clear, it is
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 6
determinative of that intent. Entergy Gulf States, 282 S.W.3d at 437. When a
statute’s language is clear and unambiguous, it is inappropriate to resort to rules of
construction or extrinsic aids to construe the language. City of Rockwall, 246
S.W.3d at 626.
Discussion
The Smiths contend that the trial court was required to apply Chapter 41 because of
the Texas Supreme Court’s holding in Flores v. Millennium Interests, Ltd., 185
S.W.3d 427 (Tex.2005). They also contend that we should consider the discussion
on this issue in Henderson v. Love, 181 S.W.3d 810 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 2005, no
pet.). The Davises reply that these two cases involve a prior version of Texas
Property Code Section 5.077, and therefore are not applicable to the facts of this
case.
The current version of Section 5.077 states as follows:
§ 5.077. Annual Accounting Statement
(a) The seller shall provide the purchaser with an annual statement in January of
each year for the term of the executory contract. If the seller mails the
statement to the purchaser, the statement must be postmarked not later than
January 31.
(b) The statement must include the following information:
(1) The amount paid under the contract;
(2) The remaining amount owed under the contract;
(3) The number of payments remaining under the contract;
(4) The amounts paid to taxing authorities on the purchaser’s behalf if
collected by the seller;
(5) The amounts paid to insure the property on the purchaser’s behalf if
collected by the seller;
*5 (6) If the property has been damaged and the seller has received
insurance proceeds, an accounting of the proceeds applied to the
property; and
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 7
(7) If the seller has changed insurance coverage, a legible copy of the
current policy, binder, or other evidence that satisfies the requirements
of Section 5.070(a)(2).
(c) A seller who conducts less than two transactions in a 12–month period under
this section who fails to comply with Subsection (a) is liable to the purchaser
for:
(1) Liquidated damages in the amount of $100 for each annual statement
the seller fails to provide to the purchaser within the time required by
subsection (a); and
(2) Reasonable attorney’s fees.
(d) A seller who conducts two or more transactions in a 12–month period under
this section who fails to comply with Subsection(a) is liable to the purchaser
for:
(1) Liquidated damages in the amount of $250 a day for each day after
January 31 that the seller fails to provide the purchaser with the
statement, but not to exceed the fair market value of the property; and
(2) Reasonable attorney’s fees.
TEX. PROP.CODE ANN. § 5.077 (West Supp.2014). The pre–2005 version of
Section 5.077 did not include the limitation in (d)(1), which states “but not to exceed
the fair market value of the property.” See Act of June 18, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch.
978, § 5, 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws 3282, 3284.
In Flores, the Texas Supreme Court answered certified questions from the United
States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. The court concluded that (1) Section
5.077 is penal in nature, (2) a deficient annual statement representing a good faith
effort to provide the statement does not trigger the liquidated damages provision in
Section 5.077, and (3) that if the provision is triggered, the statutory damages do not
require actual harm as a predicate to recovery. See Flores, 185 S.W.3d at 434. The
court went on to state that “because the incomplete annual statement here did not
invoke the liquidated damages provision of Section 5.077(c), we decline to decide
at this time whether these statutory damages are also ‘exemplary damages’ within
the meaning of Chapter 41.” Id. Since the court did not decide whether Chapter 41
applied in this circumstance, Flores is not instructive in our analysis.
In Henderson, the Texarkana Court of Appeals determined that the pre–2005
“liquidated damages” version of Section 5.077 without any limitation on the amount
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 8
of damages fell squarely within Chapter 41’s definition of exemplary damages.
Henderson, 181 S.W.3d at 817. Unlike Henderson, however, the current version of
Section 5 .077 applies to this case.3 Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Section
41.002 states in pertinent part that
(a) This chapter applies to any action in which a claimant seeks damages
relating to a cause of action.
(b) This chapter establishes the maximum damages that may be awarded
in an action subject to this chapter, including an action for which
damages are awarded under another law of this state. This chapter does
not apply to the extent another law establishes a lower maximum
amount of damages for a particular claim.
*6 TEX. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 41.002(a), (b) (West 2008). In
accordance with Section 41.002(b), the current version of Section 5.077 is
“another law” that “establishes a lower maximum amount of damages” for this
“particular claim.” For that reason, Henderson does not apply to the facts of this
case.
At trial, Rex Smith testified that the fair market value of lot seven was $65,100. The
jury found that the Smiths failed to provide the annual statements to the Davises in
2006, 2007, and 2008. The evidence established that the $250 per day payment was
applicable to the Smiths. The jury answered in special issue number 17 that the value
of lot seven at the time of sale was $65,100. The trial court rendered judgment for
damages under Section 5.077 in the amount of $65,100. This complies with Section
5.077(d)(1).
Under Chapter 41, exemplary damages are limited to the greater of (1) twice the
amount of economic damages plus an amount equal to noneconomic damages found
by the jury, not to exceed $750,000; or (2) $200,000. TEX. CIV. PRAC. &
REM.CODE ANN. § 41.008(b) (West Supp.2014). Since twice the amount of
economic damages plus noneconomic damages here is less than $750,000, the cap
on exemplary damages in this case if Chapter 41 applied would be $200,000. See id.
As we have stated, the jury awarded $65,100 for the Section 5.077 violations, which
is less than $200,000.
Because Section 5.077 is “another law” establishing a lower amount of damages for
this “particular claim,” the damages provision in Section 5.077 controls, and Chapter
41 is inapplicable to this suit. See TEX. PROP.CODE ANN. § 5.077(d)(1); TEX.
CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 41.002(b); see also In re Dodson, No. 06–
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 9
11952–CAG, 2008 WL 4621293, at *9–11 (Bankr.W.D.Tex. Oct. 16, 2008)
(mem.op.) (applying same analysis).
The Smiths’ third issue is overruled.”
This application of the law to the facts was correct and should now be applied
to this case awarding the damages and attorney’s fees found by the jury. The opinion
on rehearing failed to discuss the amendment and cap on damages. As Chapter 41 is
not applicable, there is no requirement of a unanimous verdict based on clear and
convincing evidence; in the alternative, the requirement of unanimous verdict on
clear and convincing evidence was either waived by the defendant by failure to
object to the trial court, or placed in the hands of the trial court under the rule of
implied findings as discussed above.
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Appellee requests that this
Court revise its Opinion on Rehearing rendered on April 22, 2015, and affirm the
Trial Court’s Judgment, as rendered, in all respects.
LAW OFFICES OF S. GARY WERLEY
BY:___/s/ S. Gary Werley______________
S. GARY WERLEY
State Bar No. 21187000
1840 Acton Highway, Suite 102
Granbury, Texas 76049
(Telephone) 817-573-7700
(Facsimile) 817-573-7710
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 10
WORD COUNT
I hereby certify that the word count for this brief is 2,740.
BY:___/s/ S. Gary Werley____________
S. GARY WERLEY
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I do hereby certify that a true and correct copy of Appellees’ Motion for
Rehearing has been forwarded to the following attorneys of record on the date of
efiling:
Jeffrey C. Irion
P. O. Box 5527
Gun Barrel City, TX 75147-5012
Jirionattorney@aol.com
Greg Smith
Ramey & Flock, PC
100 E. Ferguson, Suite 500
Tyler, Texas 75202
GregS@rameyflock.com
BY:__/s/ S. Gary Werley______________
S. GARY WERLEY
Appellee’s Motion for Rehearing Page 11