Brown, Richard

::rli rH£ ~-u.Hmo ~5 c.oultf ·. ( ·~.
of' A~, AvsrrH, orv.ISJlU
~ IU>kJkl
Qtl.AWtt

V5. ~ o:llll.. IIUror.l No. 4; 11.1- cv- 8'3'1- o
wn.LrA)t1 srep»~tis
~. WJE(G~~VED ~N
RESJ\?NDE"'T"
_q ©~T OF CRJI\IIJNAt APPEALS
SEP 14 2015

I,
~rAO?mt;H·r Ot .:>1Jtt.:CSD1att>H.
---fllt~P. 'SEEk:S .WJJ!\I'&OAPI~ fl.EIU:F PUR'I t1e tf:QIJC .(Jf CII.WtftiiAC AtlfJt:Ac5 1 TO Pt!IXA. flit?" ;lB.D:· .. -
Jl.ts'hU"Cr...:f'ittllt.. C..CtJit{ .1W4E TO UJ!l.(~l ·rue PE.Iffb(S Or:fecr.tvt: Cifd.'T}:~~CAFL!ON .:(Jp .11ft
~1-tr 'If> At'J1EAL VUf 'tO Af.l r-~VAL.t:"D WAVed t:Jr life R.~l /(1 t~PPcAL mADt--~NltVfll. mE T1liAL covttr .woot" .or mt 3 QJ2 orsrlt[cr coun.:r ro PEt<.~llP1 rr5 m.r;.lcsn:~AL PcJTY
Ai'\fl cctttt;C( Ttfe .OeFEcr.riiE C.£1t.rJF'/Z4rkJIJ . ~iHoWDt4 T1f£ IJ..et.A"{f)/t HAS' A. ftr4HT i1/ AfJPEAL.
111€ covn:r o,: APPCA65 1 ;}ti!2eovll.'f of' AfflCA~ (J,IJL£() c_c#fiAtY To ~AroiLY lAW,Tt'Yi ~L, APP, .
-pf{()C, 4 £t '1 . ·
. ·rH( P.£t)\(ot lfA5 SAf.!?Fl:EO t»t IU:I~u'CRei11ENf~ tlf!r Lt#.ltD C::f'l PAorLLA V5 1 (VIc-
DAI~1tL1 0'l S,W, "3d 805 (fex, (Q.,API'.i)003),tW Sv6rHir1Tt-~t; I-{C5 Ai~iJ.J_T.~·lTJJON F(llt. WitU(JF
.ezrer
MA~DVi11AS IJ• f:Pl-5'( TO Iff€ C.VrJttr (JP ,4t'f1t"A (.5 !2J!lil- or5r;t:rL"l ()f" TCYA 5.
Wtft"H A 71LLAL ((;lc}£1 ,:1VOt;£ Dfi.I'Ce5 A;J AfiPEa.ARI ,/tiC ;dJ4Hr 7111 ,.fPie/I'L rittm H./S CPt'[vU-
'tff,A~ eottPUs 1 _A-ttr; 1Jdft, 5 E£ Sttf.IIH {IS, 5'1i1T£; q::g:;. s.w, 5 IS (tc:K,
Avl', DALiA$ ICfli) C:CI:!'N4 6~.r liS. CJJilO..Y,!YfJ S~W ~d 140, . .

This document
pages that are contains some
at the time of . of P_oor quality
1magmg.
 7HE S£UJNo Cbonr 0~ Afli'£Jli.~ • ~~~~CD ~ DrSC/U!rt!Pf.l 6V DE".t'lrN4 UU.Totl.. HI~ R:x:l11rt"ci.JTif Ai#tf~bm£­
IJ'! ~HIIO Wt PtJt:;c.£SS AUO EQfl£L Pl10rfCWN ()F"(H{( lAv. A..HATEIL IJ£5"PEcr~VLY .$it:l~ 111~ro n1t:S 1/f?/.JGi[r_ro ~Orl.£s.<;ll!£(4~£ IJ~ srAit Af.CO fet>EiiAi.. l-£114L. Or'Wii-1
()FHM~ a;fZ.Pus 1 fUI.Acc~ P{l[JveD wJ:"rn O(KJ.Jtvlt:NrEO evrveNCE tJI.J sTAre Af~l) no&dAL L6VtAL~
OF Lt:rl2;,ATrotJ J QtiAf'o/2.. 1---rLED CHAPrtll '4 wH:fCi-1 U;Q5 ;HAI~O THAt THGl€ 7:~ No 6WC141Ji::A.L .
G:V'.L()BfC€1 f£E' s"r;un?-5 t.Ef'LY (0 DEPENvAtf(S mcrt:oiJ F0t. A~Po.rrtjvt'fct.IT 0 ~ UXIHSCL• i!P. 1-l)., F'CLw .Tv1J,3~14
Q.il.Aio~S -cNor:C..1TM6.fr WAS- iltVt.:rrrP~'SH 1 /JElArt?tJ.. HellO. N6h/.wH4{ CHIIIU[,E Ht.tvPVt..D
()E ll...ocort.D tCU mAt(rlft; If~ I'LcA c.IIU:NCwJ:'i#tf 4Nll IN~ttt..A(C](V., ser: J:i.liJra?ne;..rr CKHr~) AL'>c· 5EF
ifiOTrof.t To SStJASA :t"~D.J;rf/11\?'tdr, fit..JaJ ').Oil (YIM., 1q, .
fonltO.. r»e- 5TArt .p/2.t$fNI£~ 111ST.AIE's PMJ MS&iJ tyJff/10/tA l'l 01/m; Fr~DLNG S t?E CM-T A NO CoiJC.L.- •
lJS'tONS 0~ LAw/' AS SI.A'I'E'D PJ ;=Ci4DC~5 o'P FACI,
fi/Z9E'f.4L fAc.:rs "
'l) PUtSOA~T' TO Atz_TC:O.f( hLf.O ~ 0 ,: 114£ TF~ Ct?i>t- Of' Clt!fl1, fJJt..f)c., lfft '5TAI€ DENIE~ rf(AT iV£DE#C~
c;qsf~ fffJfr /11T41lr eoNIArf'l .h!LEVAilr 6LOl.()(jrcAL I'J?e'I{(€1/.AL.,
6] Tltt: oNLy Cll£iJENC€ Tii41 E>li'S'F.:: £~ D€FEijDAt.~r'S lH..lXL 5W46 wH.'K,.t Ca/Jrft'f.f5 f!.>to<-o<;.rCAt..
tl'lt(ellAL &vr IS J'IJREUVJ.i tf+AI (lEtATOte. :rs- A lll:.iJEAI
or~f4t)f'il.., w~ Is IJol .PLYAt!JE UNOE{{ PalAL,Ct?oEf JI,.P2 ~

4) TilE ~f1.U. O:t~fL:ter "U [iJ ~iUWtt. wt+.ff{ r-r OG"i-tC~t> PEU.Cbtt ~c (JtL~~H .UNOtil...
·~ UrW 1 f!N Go:rA4 ~4J.,~;~<~<;"I, r:r's ·e'~ (1/Wii.. ooJY.:C~4 UtAT(:;fl.. rHe- li.rz;,t-1-rro A
FArO.. At<() -rvn(J ,4CirA-L rH."V.!Ew,

~ f!.ru.ie\lt COVIJSeL WAS rf.IE.fFcCtrfiE TO Tf{€ ~f.tf€CT n·Utr.. llELPW((. W/k L€0 ~CO
A..S ViJtc.Now~~ ftiJ VOi.II-J\t:tLY (JUFA A4tt~v119ff. .

'} lltl.Ari'tt.. :C:~ AC.<.CJU:CY !"1-r~cENl,

.·

,,
 .Rt:i.Afo/1. .D.gPttrr(I£.Y '$,~WIS. -q~(T~ T}fK H()f((J/1A/!Ll CCVIJ..T He Filt.Lt?w'a/'1;
!
;!. ...

IH CJ~e'u~o ON£ D.t"LAIC/l. ·mA!tJ r.«f~~S i#Jr 1-f€' _r~ FA£. ~A_~roy· ·rtJ~i1~·~'NlEJ', N.~.f' -JtltU -~·1-L ~LI"1"'""
1
. tJFf.f'crE~cy, 5Mv.Yt:li. y~, wurn.ey1 $D6 u.~. 33'J;31'fi uJ s,a; 'J:SI4 ~ 'l5 16~:tq" r~ FA£1$ AFL~
TUCIJ£ w;a.~ lfNt' ~ta:iJ/?'(f L:fi T7fe CtJIVnz:r-
T4t::JY1elclr,'j; VS,Cf.tLL;R,£1)..14:])
- f WJ (/'ff<;) • Prs-rua- (G(;t'f FII'CL~O ~ ADi>klt~ ll£tA~ ACiUAl.. ;rtfi·4~Ct)(CE 1 U.w ueL t::IJ 1HCS l!A1C
n -pamr:r tl.tZJ.fi:!t. rc A r~ rc mA(t A Silew.JW; ~F ACroA'. ru~oct~ct. {bMraf rr·~s rR~Ntrif.l
rc· UfTif ::fr.3 1<£A;;J.t:J} Tffff 'ACffttll tJJ#HCfiiCt 11 /?if"AN.S FACrr.JA L X~~u:AC£, 1-16( /11(l£ 1lll;lfL
Tfte6
[NS'v~'!EJ-.tC'Q 5AVI£12.. \IS, WJ.IrTt£Y1 5G6 (),t;,:/:13 i 3TJ'i 1 1f'l 5, CT; ~1'-1-18-ICJ. .
-. To -:5uetV J.lt5 :ni~l.~~s ~a.A-rt"R cFFa..s 4S twrPc:~ce E.ifl-in!'£3(0 L'l) A~~ (8) W/f'Uff _ .
Pt!OrJts fl.f( S~~ ~ ;.[EIJal..Tf4 Ar.5S~ OF AlfY EmJttiCE- tHAI rJ.c~ C&t/lrKr-/ED Af'-'Y (JJ.;J1116,
iltUTt:l Slf!u£0 5tve'Atl .PP.f'JlJfJr:C.E S~ /HAl THC teU/lrS tll1.t lL /UAC/-1 rffl: .111f:ftt:T6 epA ClMtfJ
,fft{' t..d(ldrt?1VS[HtAg TH£ i?Jcdm flF S'tKH ~lAit11S "CF F4'ILL8JE rc Ht!A(L rw f.4ta/CO I£SfJL'['
-~IJ A /11CS.
01/C PflCC£55 AEIR!l_t:'tl.ES TWfi'iiJti f)ti1!;{)f'l IJ£ m4(){/ T1J >uFFO. ·11fi; «.(tJS ~F A atl:f~A-L
~tNvU:(f.P/4 .e:x:apr IJP~II ·sPfflZIEIJI {J(IooF; OEF~i-ICO M) I[(;!:D EfiC€ #EC a:SA_P.Y T4i &7~Jfo.r
IAI(£ 4 f'l2.fGfL ~f- ,::JfC(S IJC.YP#D A A£A6o~A(~U' Ot7cJ~T ~F r~ cJCrSrf.NLI:: CF E'v&l.Y
£t!-111€JJI ~Tfft e~F£NS~ · ,
·rnc Ct'~5ii1T~J}L i'IA~DAtlD ~Nr2.8J :C~ IN.J:~5H!P1 ¢r~p Ar ~} V,S.35~1 ~'-'4~tf'1t')
WM et:.(l'ft.~~V Ato.Astn A~ ~Pfl£. THAI ~rs A"' /14.4'1(0 A4ACr4SI A (;()f./t4ZTWJ.I e:x-ct-pr c~
PlltU ~S(itl o A ArKA'A-&E DoutJr 11. '!A ~-v6~U£'A'\ cA.~t.S O:t5C05~~/J4 11-tC PeJ¥OUt.ICE' ~t;M
'$TjN0AtlD 1 we fJAile /JrCitll OePit,Tf'D rum flf!?S .DtFCf.li'illFl ~ rr.f$.:-.'twa oa. flCltl¥11 .TI-1€ -
w-cF4Sf1!-P.tJHDcts-IA~Il'C~ t!.~me .a:N'l12.At lua.Po~cs rr~tli.vc~:i~N v{,iJt-wC/t;AI< e:ris,cr;
1q~ t i 5.2 j ,L e417 ~ ,::t_~tvl c; ~ q 2 .s, cr; _lltf ; ~J.5 -Jq; ;nvtLANA y· vs-, wu llVil.A-1 q5 s, ~ r, I BS'
~frr(~lt~N 1)5, NE-w >WAK; 43'- £J,..S. I 9!-, 'Fl S'. c.:r, ~319J CO~l- vs, VS, '(1 S~<:1,354,35 :;/ J
IN SHolff, ~dtJUfP 4S A;..} ES'SQ{lXAL orn+t Dl)f;,O/Loc£SS <:;uA~N'flL'D b~· WE tLJYl
4 rt1£N 0 tneYT -nt¥ N.o P61.5f7# '~-fiALL 8£ i?1.4 Ot TO -sv;r:fiJJ.. Tf{£ OtJVS ()~ -4 ~q-rlfic_ c_oJJ 11-
I 145 t:VlolNC[ lf/El:.€ SSAil.Y ro cdONV-
!"t-t::E A 1'1U"ti.A. OF rACI ~VaJD A 'n.£A-~tJA6L£ IJWI!A 01=' 17f€ f;.K£.S\G((£ o~ WE:P-Y EJ..£11!- .
EI.J r of ·rf{t or;:{fiE~_ -

!r
 . llfJ.ArBI... .4~vttrs HJX A<:TVAL- ruNv~£11CE Ci.A:C,_, AS FAlTV,4L ,rtofhie;e:c)Jee AI VI
0'-ILy L£(j/K ·n.JSA~'""!'SH£Nr .:Cf4fiJoe£MCE,uf..IVt::.7J.. THe Jnt:2 G.VI(j~.n../5 I,S,·,f't:.-ll..~~~ 18S.L..
Ed, J.d 1o 1q; :J,.0/3 UrS,i...cX'.rS 4 q.bS.' 12..elA'(ot[S cLA:fm LEr!5· ff~rh Cll.b55 inft! rHR€SJSHOL0
IIJI'o r=eot::{l~}- CCollr5, FAr:L{)t1.... ro 'rre"fl{ P~TJ:T~IJE. R.S CI.ArM _LN NCS reiJ~L l.f~(364S
COtlfJt/~ fJeTrJ:of~ WVCIL 0 /J.£S::ULT rt-r A FV~OCfl'lf:IJIAL rJ~r:£cAttiJ.Cf:4t (J~ :f£1~r.r.cc~ US, VSJ
· SAiilOEI1.S, I 5:'./- f, &I 3o;a (r:;Dl:. cPI.., t#t!!J
li£X!utAS c.t:111.J'P5~'-IS·aCJJ, A "$TArt ,Pil:J6puetl. 's c.LA1=111 711-/t'f.aalJEACL nl 'StJilk/ll bF /-lr:-5 $'/.ATC
CON~atral CAtJNe;r 6e ftrr!J..Ly· CH/:fR.AcHTl£fJ..r;!!8) A6 ~(,lrffCfi:Nr 711 j.{A(/e L.££D A /lAT1:()NAL TitrE(.
ef Ftr::TS rf1.1"a1) Par~ nsm.+reS /fA~ CLAX:i'11 Dr :CfJfFf.Fer.IV£ A1;"!i."C"5TJFICE PF //I.OJI._
. e~.nJSel-1 IUO:Ht.; "TffA"I Altl:Z, !VLe C/JpYJ, .PO«.. Ba&t-{:1.)JWA5 Al.l AOE:QuAfE A~f> Tf([)ep6;.JOBJr' S/Art
LAW G)fi.c.t;No,"11J 6Aa R:Vfll..IJL .tlfr/.IEW Aro'J rW CAJSE 1.+1-t5 5~11 W e:JcQ.JG€ . 71t£ p!Lf;l:.£0()/l.AL OEfJ)t.;I.J
5XNCE Pe'SICONVCcrrct'. A-5 CM~Se Ft?l PerAVI.r.~
·me- u.5, C&OtJ:r oJt API'eA.S wtt "T'fe q1J'1;.c._r:tt,AA=J:~P'£DJC£1l:..r.J:o~tr,wA5 C;IJ.A~rf'o wKA.e vJ.I~
-s~ri'Z' LAk1 euams -()F ~JiffFtaJ:fle' MS":£~77ftUCe ~ TTJ;~:AL c.Po~Lr A~ :Cf..i.E4/tt. rJ..~r;;R11ill&r;·P.E€ Fez&fltY WlfrLH CA~ A ~EFJrf~ t~F ~ Ti?IIJ Yc5f~ 1 12(i.Arfl2 Wl5 4M A :ll.l!l;ALS'Or-
. TE~ ;; F if yt::JIQ..s. . . ·
·r#~~ t:S C~ vrctArccN tJf Pet~AL CbDr!. §31,1 01 TAWII'tllT;.J4 ·WIIH GflVt:12J'IrHct-fTAL Rtt::a.w •
W#JXJJ :>TA"C't.s :
(a) A Pcti!Di Cllm mrrs -~·At fl~ref.B£ t:i:HE:
£1) la!cn.vrt-IC;LY 1114its A Ff.fL6 €WITLYn~,cR .4Crt:lt.A'ITON t1F; A ~OVt:IJ.NmBcJIA_Q.t:a71l!Jj
(~) 1114~, ptJ.£ScJJr:s, brt v6f5 Ai~Y I{ELOIU) !}J«ffmeJr,.ptt. rt·f.C(Ef~ OfJCE 10£f¢..£ uwvrcrED OF A /-ELa4Y, <014 c~wi/.LCTroN
Ht Sf-IA(L .f!L '"NJ:Sf-IEO ret r:.casr
A oe4a.Et ·ptf41#Y/ 1

_ Flfi1-IEIZ.,Pff.IAt (Obc~t~.4~ G.1..)Q). 1 5'1A~5 1 .

t'rF cr rs ~~t.?wJJ a.i n~e "(12.;tA( Or .4 sorit.:J'EIL ~UJffY PoJJr51-rAGL£ w 0e;q, S'E?t tJ.35.€c.J ntA·r
·-nK OCFeuDAt:~'f 11HA5 PIUOLOO~Ly Wi't~;':tAt\l...'9. (e-JlVCCfi.:D .· · _ ..
0
VIC.>VS F'fl.ON\) co~v:rcr.J47TJ J:S FOt AN Pf'F=£11S£ rttAT F fk/c? ,ee-LOJ.II:t5,A~V 11fe 'SecOIJO I'~E-
p IJ.fl!iov.s C1JI-h'~cr£o HJlv£1J <-:> 8£CPtn€ P.CuAc.. 1i ' oc~ulli2.£D 5U6St"GW Eflr n1 rtf£ r~t2.sr
PLIIJt'SWt:b All A ScGOIJf> DKGtJ..Et- FEt.oUY.JI '(). ccu_v~<.T:i?fl THe OEP&IDANI i'HALL l!>t'
 8
. ·m ~i!DcllciD,"ff.J~ OJ;Uroa_ WA.'S F()ll.<£0 Cdl!l Al-l U~~tJW.CtC; ,ri~VOCIHOHt.Y flLt'A 4<;11..E€tn~f<{l,

?-~ ~- .~n.. Msutrs 1 ~ t'teA 1 !F me Oa:Ei/VAU\ £~ A ~1/.rtJY fiLe+ wJ+:cL£ co~ rr~urt44
ro ft-:b~lll 1-f:CS (;~ t..f~:LN"t"'I ..._..A < cE
.THe' 5'TAT~ A FFB/..11?5 ffUrf J"fi€.'Cd..l:'S NO FACWJ!fL. f!:JA~~ FOil. ,_~,. ' ~ 1 n.-rt:=s ~e;PCHSE
·~ A po L'Lc/..<"To~ FulL l!v1I.1T RAO'f ,vs, (), S, :]l} U, S, 9'-tJ.. , =76o, ~ott.'s ~urt.TY PL£A ~A~ Xi-\W~r'-l i'M.Y 6ec~W5E
. UYrrtnt wAs f~Dt.CEO ~use Cr Cfl.et(W) A {(J~D1=/11t'NP~L MJ:LAAMA4€ p~ .7LI5 ·iJ::E fJIWS-
. avr:co~ AL :~nr::.sCi:JF-{I)()Cf r; e_IUJ , - - . 1 .
JIJ>JIS' n~ettf fOa£ nte pru:;~e . 5ccvrort5 f?,()fY :rA A co..~~MAL P!Lf:J5Eev f;rl:?"' rs ro seer<.
6 ~mfJIUJP82. ~U"'(~Q.. '$"flOVL.o PltOSf:Cl/tE wm.f t;:.AI2..1·H~~TNeS'S A~W VLGOI'l/'
1
bfrr. lf/Aif MoT vs
68Lt;EA. vs~ us; ~'lis u.s, 18 , r§r;.f-t~os CALcu0TEO 7?J .PflDouce: A WILo~~r:vL ccNva::rJi:>f.f,
~ (re¥. cooe (.(lXY11, PllCC, Aflf' §I ,151 Rt'filur:.rle;S THAI Tf.fe )filTE:..gPF£~ SvFF_IZJI:Btr fJrto_F:
.fo SVPfi« tJ~ueoJ:U4 1-lot. ooe-s A ·
Pltr"f.)oHQ../VrVC A Co~STITVfl(JHAL {l:.tCJ HI 147 fJ. F(ttt Coflrt:5 or:: fl..t:c.t;rLOS tJR. aA~1CIU:Ifl'
foP-Wt (l(){),Pf/Se (){: Pllf'PAttt~ A COLL~TCI2Al 14--rTAU<. UK f.\:C:S c.oHVr:.LTTO ~OR. 5tHI£cJC::e~'
 ro me- co~lll.AILY ~
1 retJea.A<.- Covtl:rS oe-o:s-ro~ be"\~
wAS AAbl:le.MtY MIIJ tf!IJ.Of'f"%{)5, 9
~ llCD fllor ADtavATeLv c.oJ.C$COt72.. I~ 'CI' De"llft/n.tt-lAWf.l 1 wHet'He' fHC 5'fA\t Co()ll;r AF~Otl.tJ£1)
llf"c...~lt ltV[ fif"C.eS5.Aft.Y FACI"t.:t:n:5 ,4-t.S.f) foil.. 5\JflfJortr ,rf?trr~O..A-L FA-(..15 AA:t:SC'O Z:# c~wt'
~' 54Gl)H; OfLWI-te'ilfefliOC STAn; . ·~~~:-'<:!.uu;m.
~VLt4:>, D"rSWVED-'1 1 4«bl~l=e1Jf'IIA(.ItVLB &FA(J'P?.LLATF.Pn.cc. ltLJLt-s ').6-3"11 /w/nfO~Zt-s
·ft4e' ~tbct To P.erxve;r ,.WD t/f.CUZL: _DJ:5C() velt.Y. F40:l.rf'.F t:5 A f4 D (J llDceD v lf~ F0/2.. Aiii A-f>ctJ,t;e.r{rc AQte3ATWf-f$
&:F<)flE CIJ(J/L/ 1>H-ow k"P~t?rl./ ro ~Lt./£~ n+tlr" n-fE .Pet:ro'l(jJc(C( mAy £F TRE FI!LT.S.
AU ~(JLLy Dttii:.L.oPeD 16E AC>C£ TfJ-0€117o£cl~itl.Art Tfflfr 1-fE:;:.xs CoiJP.C FJef} J:lLt-z;_,pu..y Ar..ro
:!S THed.E·roll£ ~L£0 1tl ~r: t r:.r' L5 71-f£ DLirt OF Iff£ COll!l:r Tifi P0>vrpE TYcNECESS"-
A~'/ FRC:Ct.tn::c5 1f~O l"ttOCEl)Ui2..C3 FoiL AIJ AOEQuAiC .tNQ.VIILy; :Svct+ PJUJ.IEAE?..Cti D.r:sc-
(f?VO-'f cs Apv'DC.41e1> f!?Y WA~Nat VS. U.$, 141(3 F,'J.d ,./8 • {.21 ..
4
FumettW/Qill!, r~ rvw~SQfP VSI 5.4-rf{, :31~ u.s, ~1"3 t ~31'( I 8'3 secT; ?-45, ~~ 'SiJ'!ft:rrte
~ooa.:r Arr:rrumro n+At p_re,_A'rrJi m~l 13t" <:;tv't:l( THE" ot¥>ofl..n;;.{rr'f rc I'A.e5f?('fr or«at.
rcsr.cwtacE -'I-I£Y A~v~t]) .iffaA.
O:t.SC/Ui)n.\ ov ~a...:c'~ f'? .ADJUDn:.~:n~ 12.£:-u~n)les ~ t,vtt.Cf Af'f'L;CLIIrr:fiJU .6'1 IJEG.v~
Or: ~M-V, WP1-4 P-E'5PB:T .Tfl 1LvL£l6l Sr.y, J:l.f fl:t:S4;;f./C:1ZV cc-r.s-S~l>t~AIIOH 1 AAO At'-'l"t..a:A~l£ flVLt5
t:f.J 1lfE FEPE"ML. tl..Ll£.S dJF Af'rELLAT£ t'IU;)C..EOU;t£5 (_i6- .37) WflrCr4 /-)U' ci.CAI'l LY E"STA6~
L:t:Stf£0 1:~ .,-~ Het.DP44S' f/F Tlfc SvfJR..&J7/!' Ci7VIl.r SPC(t:F.ft(8/..AL 1 AAD ~5 #(Jr O"CFFTCULr ltJ ~enftvC:. 1 /110'51 Or r:.r i.w{S ,t.\-(UADV: C~ THe Srten!
;:rc.c-s.
 ,, .
. ~- ,, . .-· ~ c:: n•\reo () fl lO
n·tf PQ.DSfX..tlt!iol.( F'f=l£1) A Ot;FECTrVE CHAit;.r("4 .r:f.fg-/1£/f!E~. THC.-..fitlffe, .J '\r_ ~
p~el eu,m- (JF- -sr11tfES ~E)PONSc ro Af'PLW-\rt:a~. FtM. ~()FIIIff31!JrSuJtPV6~ .' 1-fAc
IN Drc.r,nerfr TffetC r~ No t:ttll.oQ.. rP T:nfJJL rmc#r! :fo r«e CoKTA-tey l{el-/frWr2'5 UuRr
Af'tHn::rHe'D CPVI$CL PrtJ FJ:Lt" A tnof'Lofof T(l SG()A~H ~~o.r:rmE#T $Yt=' 6sAI'03.t::'r'.
5t<:n:o" lll: fJF PAC;.E(~J Twt:J De'r11C/LE .7EOP*'fiDY
CL4VS~. Itt vcrcf'LCCCTY .Of?~ Nor e;y·r:~rl:F .cAC.H (0(1#-1\ ()F THe rNDJZrPf~f'll CA-LLS Fllll. FAffu-·
! AL f.IIUJoF= ntAr JZ...E'Qv.r-tl£5 13'1 rue orne-fl covr~rs .. ~fll:l'r 5rA-rCif"E' TO FAt;r;;tt OE'ttt'fOANI w-lf€l( 'S"TArtlr€" Am 6t4 Vt?cJS.: A-S 10, wifetft...::-d_ eou(illl35
Il(fEl'Oeo tn(ILTt"fll..EPVf4~wte"lfT:~eE r.O,art~,. see ik...'St' U,S, ILS,SHE4,.:J.fl (:,2J(;,5fj16?3,
. w~ MVL.. n::Pt..:cCUY Ct"WfnCS PrPP1Ut,.£tJI 6EFflfl£ rf1J4~-L t rtf£. CbOJlr i'?AY t71tbt:e., rne-
.c;oliEal'4me-(.ll TO C.HOd15'E Tffe COVI.tr CN W#:!Ut~ ,rr WJ:"LL Areo oN oe-~s tu
_!l-$ora-me-N'r m()ST r£ hJrr:.sc-o PttrN FAce' .OF :Ci.lat:crmff"Nr ott.ll&bflO,. 0"$ ~II'S.• /tlli....CN. 11 'ff/ F; 1d '981 8q~
/J.Cc.A:Tr:JfLFt=l.£lJ 1-U:s ("l(JJet.:T11?f.( rFt rne-lbWI ~ 1 tJnp'rrtJI.t. ~_Sti?t/.B:f.f rtt~f')rcrm&7ofr/~~
AlrUAL .;>JiO~('-l CoDe tl~ CJ1P11,flfloC. ,tfOL.tn!G,j ?ClC~ ..tHl ,A.L.L.e~A-'ft:'bt-l rs Ct?U."SJ:OeQ..tO 10
M THe OfF£ND4Ni o~ #Jtrrr.u; nte ue mvsr.t:>c f'n.f P~tneD.1fJ o..e-~po«D w Plla:JF" ~f.K!lWJ:Hq
THf ALL~EO ACr pi{.Ac~ .ot= !.tt~f't.t.t"J:IA.L .P11:"S't.ot1Dt/cl_ ~<.(;tl.JlEb ovttncc; I(.(£ APt/ .c~
.(Af1L£ STATVfE fJFLrmrrArra.cs, nfllf"''AP, D~LLAS 1~), 5 :ec e-x~rtfr-L'
 II
'fl.IC :J:t40"CQ-1neur . ~N t£-CA-w~ CA-$e .l:S tn{}(X·r;fpt.:ecrr(?C;lS A\'(0 Cl+A-tf4es }t.E'LA-..Vt.
\JrrH Oll E"LeiElt COuNTS f!lfa-iff ~LE ACr, AaAT17ft ~ ~HSv Wl+n:-J~- t:Dwr
"SrA~ r'-' IE"J.t.DeO 11 - -
/¥1.o5ecvrJI::;u ACc.vnig J'cfbS&AJT:f':, rNrn=-crmewr HA-~ lH) t:t.a6i c:.oe~uTS ntA-r AX?lllO~Kq ro
·1ft+1 ~ v.rot..4:f"E5 Dov6_~Pk(ft'. ~f11e" lr;:inC:,'St:f:. o,s, K, ?'lfCA,J.II _F.. '3d t;'SB,G?-3,,
Atso CoNsrrrures A Jv~ CC!JvsE oF rr+e- lJt.i"L~o 5-TKTEs cor~%Tr.lfn7N
..T~f.:.C, U.s~ v~·, 'PJ-t~~&rj .?Bg~fJA~ ~EF~CI; o€1>0.Cil.:C~4 tf-f.C (DtAlJ O~.JliAJ:.s-i'J­
IffotLECI,SvPitA~ .fl.So "5"~ FOJ. R.vLE
W'ffi:TE t~6'~ F, 1d -3-:;£-f,
oi:'1
~ ()a=e;:L-r :C5 I.Jo-;:v~VEO 0'( P. ~u:CuY Pl£4
. CfLrmrllAL j(U)c, MiLE q£l?)(l)( 18 CJrS'.. c V5 vs. '_,
1\t.:rHt'JV<";,I-I $~IE'~ Fffa.tJ./1£ To 4Q~ t;'-..5nCIJTS OF"' t'FFCIJ-Se A-S R..EG.~Il.eD ~y
STAWTE I~ 5vbd£cr- To fA.4r:vER. PttOV.Z:SJ:"OfJS .OF'STA-roc:t 12£Qv.z:-lt."I1'4 OCF61DAiJr'---Tf1
C/&.1Rr 10 P£R:cr ~ll ~tJffQ:rmeiiT 1>~ tb p~n::: of- ~L ~ fJe£ctCK-P5rT_!:J._ ,.
ltt.cs f)C£~ 1-101 tXC.VSf- STAte: f?Ziilvrl PllOu:r~, A:CL EL.f#'7g.q-S {.F o~Kf.J"Ss st:c i..coe Cit.Pn.
Pna:., 1 ,tti.~ _:;,,,.~~~ -~T4TF! vs•. ~ac4.., te TfiJ.('f T1fe' OEFB-«)Atfr .
.n1AV /I..Ar:S~ S LJCft FACLVII£ AI Af.JY'/rmc:' . .
~r:t.~·roR. HAS 5PEC~Fr£0 :f';., PM.,i:;(~}TfM.ec OF '\ll.D'-'HD (3).Tt11lr€ Of J:~VOUi-$TA;1..1f pLfp.~:..
Y11i:Nr; Pf.J 1-k::w -r::u~4fr CHA/l4rlfli A Sf"~(\(r AC..l~!o7rol4 l"'l-l DTFF~tf.fl LWI<'T5 Att.e- 111CJLI'r£P-
t,!LI'T'OUS. sec tl~J4e 3 t>F3 oF1'RVCX.rf.I"Ri£y Pup~ At:;aeemEill. · ·
 t~ £;tw1JO (6) Frllt" 1 N() c(li;Of"N"C:£"; ~"tAw /I Pe"l11ti#STIU(.(E/j 1 ~IW.II.:X::~4 &cmt:Nr.5 6EYcu A .1~8fScN ~
.AGl£ 00r;6;; .z:-#4 ~ P.e-;tJOIJ~C W At1J1L.'Cd.Tll?W Rl/L w-ur; o.'ff tt~t?il~ (:JJI'l.fliJS, 'THe- -i~lCC~IJre1JDS
1lfR\. 0~ ,~f"(/O) TE~ LINt(6lFIV£, ~~-rrl;,''rlie·V.CC:ftDr?S n·-s171-11CUY ALOUf" lc(ILD-Hitc.€ tCONI1:Xreo
AtJ~UCAt.tr / p.£LA'fVI! 1: TtD:;s t-s co#JTitAily TlJ !TlJ,CF A~D F-1=-oci!AL LA~ v14TJBI.. nte ovcPIZO::esS
C(AVSE t?F ntE Pr~flf Afffrf'(<((}flfeJ.tr, 11-1£ (J/JIJSO:.Vrr:c;# .J:~ /2..e'ai)J;¢.1;..'1) _'fF Tlf€~oetifa£'!J, rf-lc W:C~'S'IIJ73
~{YCI'o(ll':"'A -ltCASON4&£ /)()VI.!:it 11 ~U.Oiftt.D !lf1P~ ~I( 13ortf 'SIM"eAKC) Ft;f)£itA(_ t7!lPCavt:f.ctj5.
$(.1£L£VA~ ,I/5.L4.; ~08 o.s,~r5,).78(1193j.llfe 51Atii>AtlD Pa.orE<::.rs r~ae:if.(rL--f'ltf!r; F:ctLsr;
rr Pflbl~$ THe OCF£1'1D.fl'{r~ d:t382:fl/ .Cr.rrt]UST; tv.r:f..lt;fWI7$V"d4. t;;CUJU0 1 J;r PIJI!TeCr$ THe 0EFE-
f\IOI\r.4r f1U!P? rlfC 5rr::L)m~ OF C{;Jiri/:U:fr(Jil~ 1Cl. Tiffll() 1rr eNC.OVM4e:5 Ce>m111VfiC:iY,t:t/tffrDENCE
. c~ ou;~/ofAL ,(AW 6Y 4~~4 rCot.JC/t£Tc sv~STAf.fccJJ ro rHe f1R£SoMPTTo/fL[;:(44~("4 me rrtcr :p.Jtr;~CJe,iHCJVD4E mtl\Y.~C::r
A, V€A.OJ:CT t:IJ rife ll=FCKVA~r'S fAVoft, ~E~ <4l:"N£12A4.Y L4-FA~~ a:fl:l;f1€{{if.l- L4w~ /,8{_tfCI!
. ,,eJ.. Jbo~j (11'- lbd.jnPf:::.I£VmE1.(cEf§ :J](.p ~'gJ~~rtle:J.,:JtrJ'_j,
P~/J1;1Ce;~ u?ucer)E'dtl;) .llfU..Wil.. _Holl AKY~R. OE?F#QMJT £;~ !U6F-t.Pf.i{I];CIEO t!:N
'71-f~ ~s- ,rer;'fJ:IIIt~~vtu'orcre ~- cr , ,
co11-«7i05;
<#

Ftl/l1fl ~ fM:f {Jo) Ta( ,, L:t:~ q AHO tA ,,r~ 'Grlfi~. £OUNS£L~ Aov.cCIH lt¥14£NDmD41 CONTEXTS, rR..eJVOrX...c IS PflESwn£0..
. ,4CltjAL ell.. eoN··srttvcrrv~ .O&Jrt+t ~I'{;SPSbfNCE OF CovNSEL A-LTJX;er#ell. 1=5 .L~.4U..Y P.ll.ES-
·u~e-o fV .Rl$VC("r~ 'MEJVOfCE. S'O Ito£ V4itn?US ~~NDS ot:' 5rnn(_t:NraFe'~EdC£ .·wr:nl L!PC~Iii}EL~
~.C51}\f\.(€. se£ .vrf$ Srn"TCS VS, C:MNIC, Lf~ U.S. 1 rll ·65''11 A"O n.;JS1. 104 ~; C..C1 4T 1.0f-(6-
"JoCfr1 tuu:f. n,~5, PA£JVPUE Xli nf6E CDtC£11?1-SIAiiiC£$ l=:S SO a=~t-Y. T{ftJr Y "R7 f_De~s_JTW AfJ01 RJP... THA-r R.EA'SDN AND eezA·VSe ,-,e· Pll{}5eCt.fr.
11>14 IS f1.[1l.CC.fl.-.Y RJ% PtJN 9~6U, ~A-S V FrJit. rHe 4Jve:ti.H~CIII TfJ (}fl£V£i.Ir; ....
 J3
Pt!AW" WUL. HoW' D'Cml:nsr(J)lr~ ifJc.v He WifS PA£iJZA)tzeO, ffl>!lo(lcJf U(trrccr.ctlt: .A~~'Ce
CJr- a>e~4Sc.'L; cw#S(L pa.EO RfJ/1f8..0 -57"fl-( C5 · .
No £(/.l:l}li\lct: TO ffff{/8 ci'eil A~ leo. 7lli£4'['bfl:: J/}10I2i!LES5 't#br:cr ttrm. r '5 fli7t!..t" fff.t:fi
CJ(S£ -sftJvLO t.~AW Nfi!c;a.. P:LDl FUEO A44C.tCsr llecAtd_, :te:C aou~~ v~~ ;~T1(fff r;;ptf:!JQ.(s1
8;.-;. s.w.?.d 3?6; ~vrL£{),_ s11rr~-;.6r $.-£tt·)d P.3c.r; AT IO'B -(0 1-2, j~(f'
O!r(ICO VS', I)S,,J{,O v.s, 1-ft? 16 s·.cr, 35], 6b:N4£rt v ), U,S, I ~38 v. s
r IUJtl9·q,61 -sA'cr;
I )OJ_ tf3IIJ 1
 JY
"tN Gtt.Du1-co t(.) soc, A~us-t OF o.c;s(J(e-n:ot..r"
te-~ts Ttl..ri!L. e.ouo.:r A6oSEV rTS" or:sCil.trr.a.f 6 Y A(.L@JfrN4 ,4 PLO 1¥J;fl.e:Er?t ew;r
Wfft'llt '[((C/.£ -~ NO ~v:COec.tce WHifc S"t() t=Yftltv S't?C UJIJE tJt: C/L~ PP.fJG ARt f ~I~ r . __
'rNC? PelSCU a._, tJecotfVZ:cTe:o ()FA Ft!LOH'f e;cc.e._(JT_ ()(!(}# rfft vt/tD:tc. OF AJUILY 0°LY
P£tJO et1£0 .A~O ~Dc.IJ, u# c.e-s5 rlfC l>cH::nDANT, vPo'-1 c~rt1lef.l4 A Pc...eA tMS ns tJI'f;W
COQI!.I TM f)~U ~<l) tt.r5 fJ..LCjf.fT ro ~L f.3Y J()fi..Y "Cil WTUTff:lf4 rf.f ACC.OI2._vA'.S:C£ ~~
A~ 1;;3 AN'O f,(Lfj PtUNCOtO; Howevat, -·n-tlfC -cr '5ff{J(L de HCtES'S'Jl(LY _RJ/... Tffe sTif{l:TT]J.
"Ullrt.OOL't:!i,,.evtl~e~lC£' [~rb ;i'fe ~COW ']flOW~ rffe 4vn:r (JF rf(C OEF£Nf>ANr At.fO _
$At;O evz:-oer.cee :SIJA#-;. _,~EJ(~6f.:i>:'CE'if~~:;:~:-.covi11 AS dA~XS @L X1 :Jtlllqmel'UCtrC - VPCf..l ~ C?cJr
1b sv/1 nte~. ·
TH£ e:v.o~ 111AV g£ Sn::f'~lc7) ;J:P ·t'Ffeoer:c~O,f«f_ -r:N SClcA t!.Arse CClJ.JSciiTS' ~r-l
.ywU::r.C#4 1TU tJt'tlJ ~ ;TrJ ~ Hfe AcPPCAAA NC.C1 C.PNF~Nrn Trof.J, }.!JOf..f
THE" 11J.J::"Ift- covn:r AC.~o Af!Jf/5£() rrk Ol:-5t::.12.ECTrotf t3Y OBiv.r::fl4 f/..E£./if1:Jil~ ptt7
fO 62VASH r:f..{DXCfftnCII(;- Wft"UA 13 rn vu;rr~ At-10 .P.l IN V.C0 l.4 f'J:"Q~ oF DV 6/JUt
~DY ~eAA 1b PA4c Ttli p~ ,W(l.:!f' ()r 11!AI-IDA-flli~) s«· (()e. ~JJE!~Y v$, '5rJ.ff"E1 S'f SW, 3d
1
?,~q" ~~:'A P1?r'toK 1(} Q.o}\.Sfl SHOGIL.O i~E l;tZAt'JTfO Wf"t:f( nK lMi'4M4E rH .Tf(£ ~f.{DJZr-
.r11fAT C.ONC.t:-tlRr:J-S4 m; D£r:ENDA~~ &«over :cs So V~r..t: OR. rNDtFI~fE A~ TO OCtmmrrrt:D, ~ 4ENEiL4L llvLC
'J::S TH;(I 1HC >fflTF -PS NfJT P.EIJ.ur:llei) .To ,ol.chD ~e-N'flt.Y FA43 TffA\Iftt£ l-fOI eS')c#rrAL
-1i/ PILW~OE 10 ttctfl.uP:EO Uorrc£ 1CJ TFIC ~CD· vvt;-/1..£1/I:Bv A- TILAL LOCJ/1IS .R.l;L:J:-}(4 ot~
t1IO"TTdA (lJ ~16H (He P4fl'{ p~f' oNt,_ ~E$P{J#POff'5 Arl~WC~ • :flirT€£: PIJR.SthfNI TO lUll£ t( OF TfiC {<()!£~ 4rJV8ln:!A4
~EG ~?.5_'f CftSCS' _~f4 Tfft: VNr:.TeO f1Jfft:5 l2L5"(rtrcr ~JJrJ/1..1~ ltt:5PfJIID~ ~'5 OJ:IleueO To P.CL£ ,4f{ ~If$­
~:'" ;011tf-~ Pt'i'Ql:of( ws:1(1m ,GO ,o..t'tj:_ PF Tffe OACf' (JF Tfti3 flll.oc-/J.. 1 A~')cvbZJ:ft'\ z:-f< ~flDAHCe
~·· r1U.£ fi ()F f/l£ tlU1.£S 40Ve7li)O(~ · St:(.J}._25L( C,fsC.) J;f.(. ·'fffe cAf:CTl:O Sfitlts-: O.arfltCr at¥tf5,
:iF ~tJON DDIT dtt.Cc.€5 Tf(C P~ .re WHfJUY ~~t() It FAJ:LtlfJI l7l eYHAV'Sf SrAr€ }'l.BnEO...
r:cs 1A. PfW()fLT'rO Gft1rWf, Tfft At1PLIV1 ur IHt ,IJ..t'GV"ItteO FVU ~({0 fACIJ... (lfJfJpqv«~TY T() t.:t::I'T4Aic r!-fOSE
· (!j..,ljCm 5 llA~-o ~lf~f«l5r ~trm :C# F€bt:72A-C eor.HLr .. s-ma ~m5TAfla5 c-asr ~IJ ~et:A?rol..S
~ ,"tff'"ftT ·12.£NVfJWJ ~~ PfH)(!£S5 :Tif~FFeOTvt: 7fJ P1l.fJ'1tC:r 12.aAWfl5 1tr41fl3 TO lf~fl~ A com~...
,ref41 t.ooUStl..Ofl, Af}la. ,t}Nr> r:mPIHl.rt:lfL rtJI,((... A~O ~· /J.flltf(}ll 1() &C AfrdJ-0 eo 4 tu.L Af40 f1a11.. _
1
bfJPOW/.fr:rY 177 L.IIL4JrtE HI:.5 C.L,.frf115· !24J:Se'D ~ -r-r ~- An.~AfLV ,ftJP elldtJf(CfJU5 Fori.. TtfB FeJ>t:'1L
AL. cCbVIl.r rv o.r:.:s~~~ /lffllrfOrLJ c.u;;:un wt:rff Plt£.:NDU£Jc:nt£.·.nl€ C.Of(ltAr{y, Tffe'f 'SftJt~LD
HMe ltf91W"O Til SCJ PaeinE CoutLI P.tuz-toe«r~ 1 fo~l) ~olfr::TJ ()/l/JndJA.:C,ffC PllllCCtEDVIL~S
rc AFFotLv ttrUrr(}tt.-mt Fou t{uo FAVI.. otJMI.JuHLTY TP-~ArE :c-r~£5 P-Ar:?eo,r~ IU:'5~{)1C((Cj·
Tiff' Ll.Mfn :£K 4 OrFFI£i:f( 11/lr~Hpl, W'lf'elJ£ ~~ wt?a.O lfltle Pll1::q;l:.7Jt:-0 FcmiEIJ.. 1AS u- ~l'fs' Elff'.;;.;
1.TLco ro f!Y llea.visrre tJ'FUrWr ·- j
T'i/t Ft::"'btllAC ~vMS CAN t!JC. rMICft-o ~aAvS'C rnEY DrD ~or CCflg:/)(:7l_ AI>C~A[t-
i.r~·~ I'Jt::Foll£ r/IC"f O~t1J.Z'%c(} itc.LA(t:1€S' eut'Ctn 1 WHCTf-!Q.. ()(L t<((Jr life IWC~ tJf=: THE~
.')CSPVTt (JJ:?j:;(_vt;1) r'" ~J11rE c.o:;a..T;
ltS u,s,c...Ji ~54(D) AfiPt:WrTtu(. ftJd. wm ~F/flf~f?l!.~ UJ!ItJS 61'li!OfALF (}FA ~ :Fil Ctlgof:JY
pUOSVA«f' 10 Tf(£ ~T ()FA ffATe ca;n..r $ffAt.l h1lr 13e t;ll.)J..(TCD wm+ ~'CT 70
A~Y Cc.Ar;m TtfAr WA5 AOJUJUATtO ON fff{ tYietJ:~ :rl{ 71fc SrJ(rC coc.u:r IJI'li:JC£COr..iqs uNLt5'S
Tit£ ADJlJDtCAT'RJH oF rflt ({Q..{:;VIf~f ~f;.fSTUoT!0/(4(_ C.lArdl 6YTHC 5fATt W!lrT.
D~ COf.irO..tta.y TV FEOt1lJfL Utw. •
~) 'Cff'li(;1LCitD A-N :UI'IfU::\5cr{JtLAn:-o
b\f Tfie s~re ~ ~({rAL-1 wr::nfOdl A rl~llC~4 &K ntE tne~ 1 Of:A pp_r~o4 t;ll'5 Pt:rr-
.-TTCIJ totllfAt3t:A-~ LOilPVS Wlfa!t: (ffc ~Nat. A-LLt::lFS Tf(AI (ff£ ~tWNV tJF 71fe pi(L'/
~# e?S lt~cr.t~r. 'He Prtr:~N€{( W.-fS fJIJ.J:7:JuReo plf l.fD, CF tl() comtJCTF~ T ev.CO~Pct: fJEH1~f.l~
.r& sof/tJ(lp:r T£fe- coK~J.l , v~ttref) S"I.AIE5'. v~, .44't1Jl.$"1 LfJa t/,5, co:, I();(,
· · ft'l ~tiVW PP.£vvorce if~O Tff/lf .fU:MTffl ~D .#O( IJ.taf;ri.IE A FACt! A(\JD Pl?I'AilTrAL
zarc ~~roa..·PfL<;~eit{(I 1lic5l?(#:O'F~fJ /JPirrtJII5 7111{\welle Oet1Cc0 1.Wifr:Lif 4flf
~~r t>F n:re llffPJD,6erH~ FU.eo ~v cw~tr Al'f1acr.freb 7f1,/:;tfL CL/vJ.(~t=."'[_ .C,coRqE G mAc,Kc-YJ
f'U.t;D ru C/l.Ffn:C~AL C.OUfl.r IJ(J'i'J'16Bl. r Tff{Jlt 11 t4(J.!liJNrc.oC/HTY, 'i"£'KA5.,. wffiCH A f1£:
. I} 0CFC6(MN3 IYltlrt:()f( ro Tf(V()I(t (l+c(J(;t...~E,{jeK, 141L1=3. tJF[;'VXo!fifcE R.t1Lt.614),
c:l} M~l{ TO SoPPe'SS ~'i'i>4Hrs srnrt:A1eNT "PVtl$044r ro .7/U:.K.~&;N ·\IS zy!'NNO.
3) IJorae PrAel/H 4/lANfl!/JJ,
. 5') Defe'~ars moTT.oA Ir(L-tMruE, ·
6) mor-u;tJ ~IL OCSCOf/t/ly A~P :l=r.tSflf<_lra{. p~e-vr;u/£t..IC~
·7)-fJ10f.!.l?Q ··'fotZ. f'llQ()VCf'C(l(f{ ~c;o rJtc;~f( PFevC:Oe«GE Af.LD rttR?fl/1?1{~ .·IU-f.!Zf-f i1?Ay ~D TCI
· ewoe~«:6.,@n;.oy VS..h1AilYUt-Co. ?13 v.S,8'J,ItJ '-'eJ,HJ P.r.s,s:; s~c:r; tltl'!J~ · -
BJ fJUJrWA 'FoJLrfle avnrro or:o..crr rife coon..r p_etJcreti. rr; tU:corz.o -sP~c.ir;~o re~y,
Cf) Dt'FeAD~t-"rs, wttcrre~ t:16~Lq(1C> ~rorn.cs~~e~ru.N~ovs Prffllsc~,
 (G
IO) rnon:oN w "SCif.IPIU:-~ ourat.Y sn.:ra:ne:rc~r o~Ac-U:~Ei> vrzroM,
1I) f1101'W~ ffJ4. Vo.Dt ocrtE" oF ;;xpe11.r ,~rness. _
/J.) DGe'4D4tlrS F:ctl.5r ~()(J(JLt:tnciJf' I'IUTT.oiJ :CF-f t..Lm~#C t.06l<:aN:CIJtt VPJ;fJ.. onu:;
n) (J"'(JrWU., ro siJ~JJmLf J1JttY aursrro#IJAree ro ~ P.A~a, .
14) OCJ.B(OAtsrl.-' ~t{ ro 12.tr;v~11£ rfK·fJ~C{.(,If"$0f.l TO 11AV& fiA=rHe>S §fif((e"dlt?il!>
AVI{X:C- A~,
AU.. tnbfT,Oit HAVC /IJO (l~il SL;HeC>.,,~Y COUILT 4flAI'Ifl.-iKj 1110{Ullv S, IW [ffeCI ll.ffAro~ CGt/ttl ·.
APP~f<(~O 4A\£-UP A#O flQI-1.'~(Q.t:CA.Wtl At!() HJ:6 ogc 1 ·TD fJCinCif5Tf/Ar'e '(Tf.l':5 l?fCr R..ez.Artx!.
P~tffr-5 Tf(fS£ (:;) FWC VJ'fOfll)U.~ TffA( ~~ Tl'liAL ~~€t Wd.O~vP tY.Jr. D:r:D Nor PILe'
~e oi="m£ CK~lell J'YtCTWC/~ -~r W'Bl.C l!or ~ Mcireo, FotL rr~sc Ae-/fwNS 7f};r:;4c..
~f.l{l/¢'- At~r..f\)cf) 11~0KAGLE" ffJ:I::A.L ')r~UTY ,4(t(0 IHL61:Vt;;"P R,e-c.4(l7.({ Tf/ £ttfr1EJ2....
rH w A.IJ t:611/Uilt.c rAitJ' Pl-EA t,t1.t13f'lerr~r m~rt:cr-tc, C.uc/Nfc7.5 A~sr:snu~cc :r:lfePR;a-x:u~
5£e e~lfmm -f}-:~rrHILOv ~-6; SEf;AtSQ SifJ.~lANJfl~~ 1/.5.-Ar~'f.:(J J41V::KENS V.S.. '~Yla(,
!i55 (),$ ~ 16~; 11:.~ ~Co;?J P/Z.£uV/7l:CE PR.esvl11e() l#ffcf( .1fS"5r:.5"'MNCE GJFa?VI(5'ct.. 0Ef.II£D cf../rr-
RELY Ot. PCI/J;C~ A czP.Cf!ZJft. $rn<;£ ~TfK ,fJIZbceeD:C!I(;_, J ~~~ ;r/.J'ft12..PBL~ 11ft'. Pl!£i;JVDU&;- Jo/1Gj(J~
me -srJ!3f1.en'le ctx.Jttr fflf5 Itr;ff{]P.(:8) A f.fNJtJtlcV ~rtx;orLY PF6f5"6 ru ~rr:.H flllF.7VD:IZ£+:.s
1

PP.£sof)1 e:-o: wtfe'« ~~ lfM I!Jee« AR AcrvAC. (Jf!. C.Off5rr HOI AOJVb'CCA TE (eu;fOfLS C£.4~5 ots 11-fe mell.:rrs 113t.C:A ,~ C.OC/ffJ"~ Ot:{cf:c@ U~r~ ttr:.t;,trr 1G' 1'114'r€'14«- E~ti((C
"(:({ ·rnt ~IJIYI OF IXC~OLY A-l.50 TlfCFf;;f>a.t(. CO()IZTS" DC:(.{tC() i'le~lOtL {J$(;Z1(t4 .JI(O!ilft{r) n-re·
5t.me Oe-t(t;lfL ~ lf{cSe ~HT5, llWiftliL 4L5o U!Pse1J ~H')uFJ=IZ.ti.ICV tJF ~VC:Oi?X-tC£ <=-lA.t:f-n
BY PUN~ D~v€. ~ ri:I~TfLOitti(r A.,:o ~..ft((;t.Prr./£; t;<;t:O~ 'Uf&PfVi../[81?:-.Tfif!C :2 ':
~ 1 JH10 P/ltJSffC_()~ fll~a)f(OO':r rtfe~5 AilS S(l(j517lTrAWrti"D 0'1 DfJt:,o#NTt;;l)
eut:J.>e&£ 5C#\ wt:rr.f ~rt:AL Wnlr CF IYAIJI!if6 ~ · fJ!tSVAF.rf II, 0~ /.fS e:Ja-f.C6rT$,
·Ft~ttrtla ~ll. C:O()LIJ H~ PllJ;veJ.I. All 4LL-t:"l;A1ZQI'6 t,V1:f/ll "f!4C t.eGJ)~O ar;sCb/CIL~ Ftttlm
~nrre AtlO FOJUJAL C.Ou1LI5 1 flewtJet, Tf1Ct:WE/t.4L 4-t/D sr1ffea;c;p;fs .4ke Cl&ttlLY WllOttt-.70 Daly
TftAr :rt/C CLATM5 H.AO Nor 6tetJ FAU.. Y P~cttfreD TO rHe S'l/.f~ COV/1..1 rtfat lrl'f'Q:CO Ac-<
7:1JAOt&uArE 'fJrUJUOVflAL MR 1~ f/1:tn£ ro nit: llf~tiet7)(;/IAL .~R. '11f!le NB&ED'1 bY rr-re
1

c
Feo£/J.AL .CocJ/lf" N!aeO r:fs J).r;SOLE.Cfl:ON. ,f!:£CAU5 Wife if FCOBLAL COCI.Il r CflDc12etJ snrW:
CCQn:r ro AFfs~ .R.eCAtCJP~ wltrr ~ilm mea..a-5. sa:- eJCtfpjJ:r(S) w-HU:-~f -uc~ IX.£. t,o DAY5
APtf"'IL OIW(It, W(f~Ctl U:sPt'#OAf/0 fl.cccclep A Etcfellrt'A:mot:-~;AI-40 sr.l:c.L: NoAH~ pf.I"(JE
Jt1e71J::{'; ()F 71{E wntr ~ 4J:ve.t'Q R€L4cot:l PILED AN fl1-on;oa ;:c,a_ hEZ.LA-~f.i RJitEf.IIEILY OF
1

DtFicOt:(;" A~rr.115T /Ji%/l()IIOEtSt 'RJ/l. /Jo/IC()d?Pt.IA t!CE .·r..V.CTU 7111-t: fEt>c!JA L COVIll o/.Z!X31, ,
eXftrorr(:;J sltow:5 T~«r fEOfllAt cuv~tr vc:r ~r-c" ~eo .s:r's /JJ=.~crJ:tJN of.fCf
A{:,ft:!N f:£_ Ofi.IYiff4 A PfJofJ(IlLY FJ:L£0 1110CLt)f..l .wlfCCH WM' ACL.Ile~~D :c#( q-~ LltWtUJJ4F f\AD
~lfOvl-D H/rVE ISetN t;tMt.freO :CI-f FAU()/[1 bF Jtft~TOQ, sa: Llt5l P/14£ oF.f:F+.IJAL JVD4W1elr,
TtlcJs (4fk;t::f(/{j All J:U:AOt-62UA~ !tcvreW AfiiD OtlM=U4 AfLArtut Dp€P/LfOS5 AUe ~L Pl1f)f-
~r~ u~o~ool me L4W.. rr· -z:~ A- VCOL4-rrcfJ oFOtA;. PllfX&ss fi7tt me ~~re T?J vse: fJile JU'.l..Y
Pll..~otl.AL m"LSCOf(f)t)::..T,.+UO Flrf!J/U.CIJ.T£0 wt=TJ(es'S "SSA.r~cs W 4,f:c:l'l A cal~.
 rr
Ulle·WJ:Se7i' .4-LLO.~ A ~CNsvE~ RAr:sCo cdCJLO ~E .7VD4Eo ~4 rH~ mell.CT5; .8Y IJ..r62~s:crc: tJF L4ut

·Tlfe' FEDfJIJA<.. ur~nz:cc.r "S#fllGIL-D fflVCAC:SP .~StaJ£i2£0 W'11e"i1~( ~cAn9~ ,t,yA--'!)D~cf./r WCTff
-~Peel 1JJ ,JJa!eLofJ:F#-4 rl~S f74CT3 fK~EI!lCO ra
Hr$ APPt..1:Uff.ljJ~~ ~8 61,s,c,f~~SZt(eJ(~) ~LA ....
fJ.t:S ll41KI2.~ ~ He1'34 ClF
.lf1=S t.l.JlQnS -ai .STArE' UVJLG HE .CS PfJ..CC(.C/OeO FitPm RJrHetL F4Crc;.~-L Ocvcc..1;711#?Cm--r::N
ffOt"OA<.. G:Jolll C/HL<%~ f HC~ CL-f\.C:~-rz ~z_y (}f( 1-f Ne-WI" P..C/L;:: e?FAse!J ~FrHCcurrn.
:r~J STAT£ CPvtLr, wtt.£.I".At1'15 vs, TlfYUJt., v.s,trJJ:;,tf25, ·
O'I'L:r<:~£rU£ Ftf&R£ 111erv
T.{i:X'(. flJ4~ A-6 A M(t?t-f! ;r , . . • ' ' .

c.cnr.n=r<:Are oF SC/1..1/rc.c
I rtrcU!{(llJ 6flOWJJ, DO H~Y. Ct!d-Tn=YTT-lJrr A-· [(1(}[, AdO ,COl.fl.ti::! C.OPV ClP .. i~!-14
.1#~- 8:/=IJ ~e~ w _rn,f 4f:'S~!I--~ tounr /OF Af'«M.. ~; ;.OMc~ i.?f!tl).~ii;~t.:ENIS OF THE DEFENDANT, '

COUNT SIX: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN
THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY, 2011,
DID THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY OR KNOWINGLY CAUSE THE MOUTlfOF'-A.N-N..:COLEMAN
(A PSEUDONYM), A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 14 YEARS OF AGE, TO CONTACT THE PENIS OF THE
DEFENDANT,
 1 ....:..,.

'JAME RICHARD BROWN
CASE NO. 1250248
PAGE 2 of 3

COUNT SEVEN: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT
IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY,
2011, THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY, WITH THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE
SEXUAL DESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT, ENGAGE IN SEXUAL CONTACT BY TOUCHING THE
GENITALS OF ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS,

COUNT EIGHT: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT
IN THE COUNTY OFTARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY,
2011, THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY, WITH THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE
SEXUAL DESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT, ENGAGE IN SEXUAL CONTACT BY TOUCHING THE
GENITALS OF ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS,

COUNT NINE: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT
IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY,
2011, THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY, WITH THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE
SEXUAL DESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT, ENGAGE IN SEXUAL CONTACT BY TOUCHING THE
GENITALS OF ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS,

COUNT TEN: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN
THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY, 2011,
THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY, WITH THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE SEXUAL
';)ESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT, ENGAGE IN SEXUAL CONTACT BY TOUCHING THE GENITALS OF
· ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS,

COUNT ELEVEN: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE
DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OF TARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY
OF JULY, 2011, THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY EXPOSE HIS PENIS TO ANN COLEMAN
PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS, KNOWING SAID CHILD WAS PRESENT, WITH
THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE SEXUAL DESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT,

HABITUAL OFFENDER NOTICE: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED TO SAID COURT THAT PRIOR TO
THE COMMISSION OF THE OFFENSE OR OFFENSES SET OUT ABOVE, THE DEFENDANT WAS
FINALLY CONVICTED OF THE FELONY OFFENSE OF ROBBERY BY .XMRENI'S, IN THE 371ST
DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS, IN CAUSE NUMBER 0800070A, ON THE 26TH DAY
OF NOVEMBER, 211Ql AND, THAT PRIOR TO THE COMMISSION OF THE OFFENSE OR OFFENSES
FOR WHICH THE DEFENDANT WAS CONVICTED AS SET OUT ABOVE, THE DEFENDANT WAS
FINALLY CONVICTED OF THE FELONY OFFENSE OF BURGI ARY OF A MA-BIT ATION, IN THE 297TH
DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS, IN CAUSE NUMBER 0744694D, ON THE 25TH DAY
OF FEBRUARY, 2000,
r~- 1'"'
1

'II . . i
f
~J
'
{/ .

I
~

!

ll IAME RICHARD BROWN
1

CASE NO. 1250248
PAGE 3 of 3

I
)

Filed (Clerk's use only)
"'

AGAINST THE PEACE AND DIGNITY OF THE STATE.

Criminal District Attorney Foreman of the Grand Jury
Tarrant County, Texas
Tl\Tr'ITrT~Ift=l,.TT f"\Dlr!Tl\1 AT
 F~\LE'D"·
TARRAHT COUNTY
·· · · NO. 1250248D
20\~ JUN 20· PM: \t·OO
STATE . § IN TliE CRIMINAL DISTRICT
THOMAS A. W\LOER §
V. 0\STR\CT CLERK ·§ COURT NUMBER THREE OF
§
RICHARD BROWN § TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS

STATE'S PROPOSED MEMORANDUM, FINDINGS OF FACT AND
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

The State proposes the follo:wing :tyfemQrandum, Findings of Fact .and

Conclusions of Law regarding Defendanf~ Motion for Appointment of Counsel.

MEMORANDUM

The defendant, RICHARD BROWN ("Defendant"), requests appointment of

counsel for filing a motion for DNA testing. See Motion for Appointment of Counsel

("Motion"), p. 1.

In light of the evidence presented, the Court should consider the following

proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law.

FINDINGS OF FACT

General Facts

1. Defendant pled guilty, pursuant-to a plea agree~ent, to the second degree felony ·
offense of indecency. with a child by contact on June 20, 2012. See State's Reply,
A~---1-,.,....,-- ... ~- _•'T_.-tg·---t
... tl\:-J.t , 1\T.~
.rl..Lta.\..:.:..u..J..l~J..l~ ~~· u~ 1
121;:/V'IAOn.
"~'-'·
.1 ... u.......,.
_~v
.
~~
· ·-2. In accordance with the plea ·agreement, the trial court sentenced Defendant to
eleven years confinement in. the Texas Department of Criminal -Justice -
Institutional Division. See Attachment A.
'·

3. Defendant did not appeal his conviction: See Criminal Docket Sheet, No.
1250248D.

No Relevant Evidence Exists

4. Pursuant to art. 64.02 of the Texas Code of Criminal procedure, the State denies
that evidence exists that might contain relevant biological material. See State's '
·t

Reply, Attachment B: Stimpson Affidavit; State's Reply, Attachment C: Arthurs
Affidavit; Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 64.02(2)(B).

5. The only evidence that exists is Defendant's buccal swab which contains.
biological material but is irrelevant to this offense ..

6. There is no evidence containing relevant biological material to test in this case,.

Appointment of Counsel

7. Because there is no relevant evidence to test, there are no reasonable grounds for
a motion for DNA testing.

CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

Appointment of Counsel

Defendant filed his request for appointment of counsel on July 16, 2103. See
Request, p. 1.

2. Counsel is only required to be appointed "if the person informs the court that the
person wishes to submit a motion under this chapter, the court finds reasonable
-grounds for a motion to be filed, and the court determines that the person is
indigent." Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.01(c).

3. Defendant's buccal swab is not evidence that might contain relevant biological
evidence to this offense.

4. Because no evidence exists that might contain relevant biological evidence, there
are no reasonable grounds for a motion to be filed.

5. No appointment of counsel is required. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art.
64.01(c).

6. Defendant's Motion for Appointment of Counsel is DENIED.

2
 WHEREFORE, the State prays that this Court adopt these Proposed Findings of

Fact a.Pd Conclusions of Law and DENY the Defendant's Request for DNA testing.

Respectfully submitted,

JOE SHANNON, JR.
Criminal District Attorney
Tarrant County
r-----..
Andrea Jacobs
Assistant District Attorney
State Bar No. 24037596
40 1 West Belknap
Fort Worth, TX 76196-0201
Phone: 817/884-1687
Facsimile: 817/884-1672

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

A true copy of the above has been mailed to Defendant, Mr. Richard Brown,

TDCJ-ID# 01794390, Lynaugh Unit, 1098 S. Highway 2037, Fort Stockton, Texas 79735

on or before the 20th day of June, 2014.

Andrea Jacobs

3
 NO. 1250248D

STATE § I~ THE CRIMINAL DISTRICT
§
v. § COURT NUMBER THREE OF
§
RICHARD BROWN § TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS

ORDER

The Court adopts the State's Memorandum, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

and DENIES the Request for Appointment of Counsel ofRICHARD BROWN, because there are
no reasonable grounds for a motion for DNA testing as no evidence containing relevant

biological material exists in a condition making DNA testing possible. See Tex. Code Crim.

Proc. Ann. arts. 64.01(c); 64.03(a)(1)(A)(West 2011). The Court further orders and directs:

The Clerk of this Court to furnish a copy of this Order to Defendant, Mr. Richard Brown,

TDCJ-ID# 01794390, Lynaugh Unit, 1098 S. Highway 2037, Fort Stockton, Texas 79735 (or to

Defendant's most recent address), and to the appellate section of the District Attorney's Office.

SIGNED AND ENTERED this _ _ day of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , 2014.

JUDGE PRESIDING
"
I
r-
 ,,..... -...
,.•

·C.JCH.t:~ _r r {S,)
·'

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH DIVISION

RICHARJ:5 BROWN, §
Petitioner, §
§
V. § Civil Action No.4: 14-CV-839-0
§
WILLIAM STEPHENS, Director, 1 §
Texas Department of Criminal Justice, §
Correctional Institutions Division, §
· Respondent. §

91~J!J}:R ~~~l'1l1~IlNG~PRGCEED!N'; 1N ~i:HE'.DI~TRICTCOTJR::;~,-.,
· · " and · · ·
ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE, NOTICE, AND INSTRUCTIONS TO PARTIES

( ) A filing fee in the amount of $5.00 has been tendered.

(X) Petitioner's Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915 is GRANTED.

It is therefore ORDERED that the parties shall comply with the followip.g directives and the clerk of Court
shall takethe action indicated below: :.

You will take notice that a "Petition For a Writ of Habeas Corpus by~~·Per~·an in State Custody," numbered
~-- and styled as above, has been filed in this Court pursuant to the provisions of28 u.·s.c. §§ 2241, et seq. Pleadings
and briefs are required or permitted as follows:

RESPONDENT'S ANSWER. Pursuant to Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section2254 Cases in the United
States District Courts, Respondent is directed to file an answer to this petition within 60 days of the date of this
order, answering in _accordance with Rule 5 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District
Courts. If Respondent believes the petition is wholly barred by a failure to exhaust state remedies, a procedural bar,
!!.9_J?..:I~!I9..'!~!jvit_y,..,g.Uh~:?.t?t.!!lt~_9.f limj_tations, he. ~11~y_ fi~.i!__orel_ip1inary ans\y~..r_~ss~_rting ai_!Y_such baL_Pii_9r to
answeri'ii.g on 'tlie :rntJi'ts:' ;, " ; ' . . . . . . . . .. ·~ - .. -- -~c . . :- • ' .- - -

REPLY. Pursuant to Rule 5( e) of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases, Petitioner may file a reply
within 30 days from the date of service of Respondent's answer, motion, or other pleading.

BRIEFS. Briefs, as required or permitted by the provisions of this paragraph, should comply with the 25-
~ limitation under Local Rule 7.2(c) and should be submitted on letter size paper and double spaced. Each
argument with supporting citations advanced in the brief should clearly specify the specific ground of the motion
or numbered paragraph of the pleading it seeks to support or oppose. B1iefs are required or permitted as follows:

1. Respondent's brief. Respondent may file such brief as he may deem appropriate.
2. Reply brief. A reply brief is not required. However, in any case in which Respondent has filed a
brief, a reply brief limited to 10 pages may be filed by Petitioner, should he wish to do so, within a period

1
Petitioner misspells RespoQdent Stephens last name as "Stevenson." The clerk of Court is directed to docket and change the last
name of Respondent to reflect the correct spelling. .. .. :.
 of 30 days following service of Respondent's brief. Each paragraph of such reply brief must specify the
precise paragraph or part of Respondent's brief to which reply is being made, and must be limited to a reply
to Respondent's argument. Under no circumstances will any statement or argument s777et forth in an
original or reply brief be considered as a part of the pleadings so as to advance new grounds for relief or to
supplement any grounds or supporting facts set out in the petition.

In every case a copy of the petition, pending motions, and any orders shall be served on the Attorney
General, counsel for the State of Texas, by electronic means. 2 N.D. Tex. L. Civ. R. 5.l(e). In every case a copy of
any brief, pleading, motion or order shall be mailed to Petitioner, if pro se, or served electronically on counsel for
Petitioner. !d.

SO ORDERED on this 3rd day of December, 2014.

~a~
eehcoi'J
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

2
Based upon communication with the Texas Attorney General's Office, this Court will not serve copies of the petition,
attachments, pending motions, and orders upon Director Stephens. Instead, copies of the petition, attachments, pending motions and orders
will be served electronically upon the Texas Attorney General, counsel for the Director, and will be directed to the attention of Elizabeth
Goettert, Assistant Attorney General, Postconviction Litigation Division, P. 0. Box 12548, Austin, TX 7871 i-2548. See Fed. R. Civ. P.
5(b )(2)(E).
 ··.
a:ItJJJ.kio l!>iWwJ:J . ~ ·..· ~ ,, .. ..
~~- ·.·~
~ '

Pi11 'f!Gi.lttl

vs.
WHlfilffl Sf£ flHENS
UHI~f'il)l).Tr

NOw C. tii¥ifS /lJCHJ\RO dQ'Vw /.1 HCIL£1..1-!1)({({2 Lfft.O.J)..fO /(; AS Plr:J((ta.tfR. J N 11(( J\I'!.JM tiVJ1fttUL"O
/1 tf ,·j ··\'7 I f
·.,
AioiO '5f'/l iD {.ii')'l rJfl(-5t !-((5 'fH(S PiC LA~ li11bH F'(il~ Et-i~/!r tlf' O(:'A\(.)t.T/

fijf ( oull"l f!lfS A f.l D 12.t-:-ctJP. D.S tlfl2£rli S f1r;fAI TkJ\ f' 7t(e' RfSJlt1J..i0f.'/.i T wA .-; CitiOt £1£.0 G~~ C..WP I
ro A~wttlTt.Kt PtT11Ufi.((tl5 WW" ~"<'--':C. 11JIUC.AS' CoPPvs e'f'IIr~ t1'ff·r2J'P5., · ,
.. -·
~t:~Pt!Ht£Hf Fl'l...£1) F'f!BT rl-1of'J.a~ (vii £ Y(f#I.Tc. t( ·Of TJ!IIf 1 5Al I) t Ylf'llllC.ff fflF rnFI ~-· W.'II'S 7(?
lt-ILlUOV·K> rt'U f)NI; 1tlAI2C:t-l b, '201~ 1:.0 ffL£ Rts Po~~s.r:vc PL£Ao.r;.s(1, .

J'l1o~f IHOl 11' Dt..VS t1JWftLAPSED 5If.IC( THe Oliff. ~H WtiJtH
Rr$foONOt:.t-IT j,VA.5
bUDfllED HI iltsroND 1 1i!t':' i2f'EfloJ.lDfl-lf AS (At:L.ED 10 lft-:15u-tR cr< OTH£il.W!-Sf OfrfNO A')
10 PtTJ7:{t)fi./ft~~~ f(TITJi;~f P
fiA~ t~£Lt"-l 5t:'Ui I!:H v.s. UC:411Lil n. r1'1ArL f..\0f)I2CS1'FO /1) Ft7L'.l.t1;f'')! ·.
SvjAN ~J\fJ tfl!41.H:er
ftSSf. ATf; <) ({Hi .l L (~I\ Q MO, ;J 1foTr i-f ;2 S
f}O,~~YI;/'5t-ff5t (AtJITAt. ,SrJ\Ttvij ·
Avsn~N~TtYA~· 9&711

.::.
MIME-Version:l.O
From:ecf_txnd®txnd.uscourts.gov
To:Courtmail®txnddb.txnd.circ5.dcn

Message-Id:<8607456®txnd.uscourts.gov>
Subject:Activity in Case 4:14-cv-00839-0 Brown v. Stephens, Director TDCJ-CID
Judgment
Content-Type: text/plain
This is an automatic e-mail message generated by the CM/ECF system.
Please DO NOT RESPOND to this e-mail because the mail box is unattended.
***NOTE TO PUBLIC ACCESS USERS*** Judicial Conference of the United States
policy_permits attorneys o'f record and parties in a case (including prose
litigants) to receive one free electronic copy of all documents filed
electronically, if
receipt is required by law or directed by the filer. PACER access fees apply
to all other users. To avoid later charges, download a copy of each document
during this first viewing. However, if the referenced document is a transcript,
the free copy and 30 page limit do not apply.

U.S. District Court
Northern District of Texas
'
Notice of Electronic Filing
The following transaction was entered on 7/29/2015 9:35AM CDT and filed
on 7/29/2015

Case Name: Brown v. Stephens, Director TDCJ-CID
Case Number: 4:14-cv-00839-0
https://ecf.txnd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/DktRpt.pl?252696

Filer:
WARNING: CASE CLOSED on 07/29/2015

Document Number: 19

Copy the URL address from the line below into the location bar of your Web
browser to view the document: Document:
https://ecf.txnd.uscourts.gov/docl/17719164305?caseid=252696&de_seq_num=56&magic
_num=MAGIC

Docket Text:
FINAL JUDGMENT: In accordance with its opinion and order signed this day,
the Court DISMISSES the petition of Richard Brown pursuant to 28 U.S.C. ?
2254 in the above-captioned action as time-barred. (Ordered by Judge
Reed C O'Connor on 7/29/2015) (ewd)

4:14-cv-00839-0 Notice has been electronically mailed to:
Susan San Miguel susan.sanmiguel®oag.state.tx.us, laura.haney®oag.state.tx.us
- -~"'
:Y
/
'i:)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
·FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH DIVISION

RICHARD BROWN, §
Petitioner, §
§
VS. § Civil Action No. 4:14-CV-839-0
§
WILLIAM STEPHENS, Director, §
Texas Department of Criminal Justice, §
Correctional Institutions Division, §
Respondent. §

FINAL JUDGMENT

In accordance with its opinion and order signed this day, the Court DISMISSES the petition

of Richard Brown pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 in the above-captioned action as time-barred.

SO ORDERED on this 28th day of July, 2015.

~a~
eeriicofi~J
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH DIVISION

RICHARD BROWN, §
§
Petitioner, §
§
v. § Civil Action No.4: 14-CV-839-0
§
WILLIAM STEPHENS, Director, §
Texas Department of Criminal Justice, §
. Correctional Institutions Division, §
§
Respondent. §

OPINION AND ORDER

Before the Court is a petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 filed

by Petitioner, Richard Brown, a state prisoner confined in the Correctional Institutions Division of

the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ), against William Stephens, Director of TDCJ,

Respondent. After considering the pleadings and relief sought by Petitioner, the Court has concluded
\

that the petition should be dismissed as time-barred.

I. BACKGROUND

In September 2011 Petitioner was charged in a multi-count indictment with aggravated sexual

assault of a child and indecency v:ith a child by contact·in the Criminal District Court Number Three

of Tarrant County, Texas. Admin. R., SH2 93-94, ECF No. 12-2. The indictment also included a

habitual-offender notice alleging two prior Tarrant County felony convictions in cause numbers

0800070A and 0744694D. ld. On June 20, 2012, Petitioner's trial commenced, however, after a

jury had been selected and sworn, Petitioner decided to waive his right to a jury trial and plead guilty

to one count of indecency with a child. In exchange, the state agreed to waive the remaining counts
' ••• • 1 - - - - ·

and t~e habitual count, s.o .long as Petitioner pleaded true to the prior felony convictionjn cause
number 0800070A, and recommend an 11-year sentence. !d. at 96. Petitioner signed the written

admonishments concerning his rights, waivers and the consequences of his guilty plea, including the

fact that he faced the range of imprisonment for a "second degree felony enhanced" of 5 to 99 years,

and the trial court sentenced him according to the plea agreement. !d. 96-106. Having waived his

right to appeal, Petitioner did not directly appeal his conviction or sentence. Pet. 3, ECF No. 1. On

May 14, 2014, Petitioner filed a state habeas application challenging his conviction and sentence,

which was denied by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals without written order on the findings of

the trial court.' Admin. R., SH1, ECF No. 12-1. This federal petition for habeas relief challenging

his conviction and sentence was filed on October 10, 2014. 2 Pet. 10, ECF No. 1.

Petitioner raises six grounds for relief, wherein he claims his plea was coerced and he is

actually innocent ofthe offense (grounds one and three); he received ineffective assistance of trial

counsel (ground three); the indictment was defective (ground four); there is no evidence to support

his conviction (ground five); and the trial court abused its discretion by accepting his plea agreement

when there was no evidence ofhis guilt (ground six). Pet. at 6-7, ECF No.1; Pet'r's Mem. 4-24,

ECF No. 2. Respondent asserts the petition is time-barred under the federal statute of limitations.

II. DISCUSSION

Title 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d) imposes a one-year statute ofliniitations on federal petitions for

writ of habeas corpus filed by state prisoners. Section 2244(d) provides:

'Petitioner's state habeas application is deemed filed when placed in the prison mailing system. Richards v.
Thaler, 710 F.3d 573, 578-79 (5th Cir. 2013). The application does not state the date Petitioner placed the
document in the prison mailing system, however the "Inmate's Declaration" was signed by Petitioner on October 10,
20 14; thus, the Court deems the application filed on that date.
2
Likewise, a federal habeas petition filed by an inmate is deemed filed when the petition is placed in the
prison mail system for mailing. Spotville v. Cain, 149 F.3d 3 74, 377 (5th Cir. 1998).

2
 ( 1) A 1-year period of limitations shall apply to an application for a writ of
habeas corpus by a person in custody pursuant to ~he judgment of a State court. The
limitations period shall run from the latest of-

(A) the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion
of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review;

(B) the date on which the impediment to filing an application created
by State action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States
is removed, if the applicant was prevented from filing by such State action;

(C) the date on which the constitutional right asserted was initially
recognized by the Supreme Court, if that right has been newly recognized by
the Supreme Comt and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral
review; or

(D) the date on which the factual predicate of the claim or claims
presented could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence.

(2) The time during which a properly filed application for State post-
convicti9n or other collateral review with respect to the pertinent judgment or claim
is pending shall not be counted toward any period of limitations under this
subsection.

7~ 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(l)-(2).
~·
In an apparent attempt to trigger subsection (B) or (D), Petitioner asserts that his efforts to

seek postconviction relief were "impeded" by the state's failure to provide him with copies of the

state court records and that he obtained "new evidence"-i.e., a copy of the trial court's judgment of

conviction-after his state habeas proceeding reflecting that he was convicted of indecency with a

child, which is a third-degree felony carrying a range of imprisonment of 2 to 10 years. Pet'r's

file:: the stat~:-_c.o.urtrecor4:in a- habeas,corptls .proceedingmor;doe'~~~fi?risoner~lfav·e"'aconstitutional."

3
right to free copies of records or transcripts for the purpose of preparing a collateral attack on his

conviction or sentence. Furthermore, the trial court's judgment is not "new evidence." Petitioner

pleaded true to a prior felony conviction in cause number 0800070A as part of the plea agreement.

With one prior felony conviction, petitioner became classified as a repeat offender, and the range of

punishment was increased from that applicable for a third-degree felony to punishment applicable

for a second-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.§ _12;42(a) (West Supp. 2014). As a repeat

offender with one prior felony, the range of imprisonment Petitioner then faced was 2 to 20 years.

ld. § 12.42(a) (3). Petitioner only received 11 years' confinement upon his guilty plea, which was

within the statutory guidelines. Contrary to Petitioner's contention, the sentence did not exceed the

maximum punishment allowed· by law.

Because Petitioner fails to invoke subsections (B) or (D) or to raise a claim of newly

recognized rights under subsection (C), the general provision under subsection (A) applies to his

case. Under subsection (A), the limitations period began to run on the date on which the judgment

of conviction became final by the expiration of the time for seeking direct review. For purposes of
·•;:~~--·

this provision, the judgment of conviction became final and the one-year limitations period began

to run upon expiration of the time Petitioner had for filing a timely notice of appeal on July 20,2012,

and closed one year later on Monday, July 22,2013, absent any applicable tolling. 3 TEX. R. APP. P.

26.2; Flanagan v. Johnson, 154 F.3d 196, 200-02 (5th Cir. 1998).

t•- Petitioner's state habeas application, filed on May 14, 2014, after limitations had already

expired, did not operate to toll the limitations period under the statutory provision. 28 U.S.C. §

2244(d)(2); Scott v. Johnson, 227 F.3d 260, 263 (5th Cir. 2000). Nor has Petitioner alleged or

3
July 20,2013, was a Saturday.

4
demonstrated rare ,~nd exceptional circumstances that would justify tolling as a matter of equity.;

Equitable tolling is permitted only in rare and exceptional circumstances when an extraordinary

factor beyond the petitioner's control prevents him from filing in a timely manner or he can make

a convincing showing that he is actually innocent of the crime for which he was convicted.

McQuiggin v. Perkins, -U.S. - , 133 S. Ct. 1924, 1928 (2013) (referencing 28 U .S.C. §

2244(d)(1)); Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S. 631 , 649 (2010). Petitioner concedes that his petition is

untimely but urges that his untimeliness is due to his indigent and pro se status and difficulty

obtaining records and to his trial counsel's failure to respond to his request for certain documents.

Pet'r's Rebuttal 1-3, ECF No. 15; Pet'r's Mem. of Law, Ex. 6, ECF No. 2. It is well settled,

however, that a petitioner's prose status, indigence, lack of knowledge of the law, and difficulty

obtaining records, all common problems of inmates who are trying to pursue postconviction habeas

relief, do not warrant equitable tolling of the limitations period. Felder v. Johnson, 204 F.3d 168,

171-72 (5th Cir. 2000); Turner v. Johnson, 177 F .3d 390, 391 (5th Cir. 1999). Moreover,

Petitioner's claim that counsel did not respond to his request is conclusory, and, even if Petitioner

could show that counsel ignored his request, the letter is dated August 13,2014, well after the one-

year limitations period had already expired.

Finally, a petitioner attempting to overcome the expiration of the statute of limitations by

showing actual innocence is required to produce "new reliable evidence-whether it be exculpatory

scientific evidence, trustworthy eyewitness accounts, or critical physical evidence"-sufficient to

persuade the district court that "no juror, acting reason.ably, would have voted to find him guilty

beyond a reasonable doubt." McQuiggin, 133 S. Ct. at 1928 (quoting Schup v. Delo, 513 U.S. 298,

329 (1995)). Petitioner argues that, despite his guilty plea, he is actually innocent of the offense

5
because there is no evidence corroborating his plea. Although actual innocence, if proved, can

overcome the statute of limitations, Petitioner waived his claim by entering a voluntary and knowing

guilty plea to the offense. 4 McQuiggin, 133 S. Ct. at 1928. See also United States v. Vanchaik-

Molinar, 195 Fed. Appx. 262, 2006 WL 2474048, at* 1 (5th Cir. 2006) ("A voluntary guilty plea

waives all non-jurisdictional defects that occurred prior to the plea and precludes consideration of

a claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence."). As a matter of federal constitutional law, a

voluntary and knowing guilty plea is sufficient evidence, standing alone, to support a conviction.

Smith v. McCotter, 786 F.2d 697, 702 (5th Cir. 1986).

In summary, Petitioner's federal petition was due on or before July 22,2013. Therefore, his

petition filed on February 18,2014, was filed beyond the limitations period and is untimely.

III. CONCLUSION

For the reasons discussed herein, the petition of petitioner for a writ of habeas corpus

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241 is DISMISSED as time-barred. Further, for the reasons discussed

herein, a certificate of appealability is DENIED. All motions not previously ruled upon are

DENIED.

SO ORDERED on this 28th day of July, 2015.

~a~
eeiico~)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

4
In Petitioner's state habeas application, the state court detennined that Petitioner's guilty plea was
knowingly, freely and voluntarily made. Admin. R., SH2 84, ECF No. 12-2. Absent clear and convincing evidence
in rebuttal, this Court must defer to the state court's findings in this regard. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(e)(l).

6