Theaola Robinson v. KTRK Television, Inc.

ACCEPTED 01-14-00880-cv FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS 9/25/2015 3:28:27 PM CHRISTOPHER PRINE CLERK CAUSE NO. 01-14-00880-CV IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FILED IN 1st COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS HOUSTON, TEXAS AT HOUSTON 9/25/2015 3:28:27 PM CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE Clerk THEAOLA ROBINSON Appellant, v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC., Appellee. On Appeal from the 234th District Court of Harris County, Texas the Hon. Wesley Ward, Presiding BRIEF OF APPELLEE KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Catherine.robb@haynesboone.com *Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Laura.prather@haynesboone.com HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP 600 Congress Avenue Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Facsimile: (512) 867-8470 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE KTRK TELEVISION, INC. *Lead counsel for Appellee  CAUSE NO. 01-14-00880-CV IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT HOUSTON THEAOLA ROBINSON Appellant, v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC., Appellee. On Appeal from the 234th District Court of Harris County, Texas the Hon. Wesley Ward, Presiding IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES Pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 38.2(a)(1)(A), the following are the parties and counsel for this appeal1: Appellant pro se: Theaola Robinson 5505 Jensen Drive Houston, Texas 77028 1 Although Appellant listed “Respondents” as “The Walt Disney Company, ABC Television Network, Inc., CC Texas Holding Company, Inc. and KTRK Television, Inc.,” only KTRK is a party to this appeal. The Walt Disney Company (“TWDC”), ABC Television Network, Inc., and CC Texas Holding Company, Inc. (“CCTHC”) are not, and cannot be, parties to this appeal. Robinson’s Notice of Appeal states that she desires “to appeal from the judgment rendered against Plaintiff by the 234th Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas on October 8, 2014.” CR 622 (Tab A). The only “judgment” rendered against the Plaintiff on October 8, 2014 was the “Order and Final Judgment” in which the 234th District Court awarded attorney’s fees and sanctions on behalf of KTRK (the sole remaining defendant) against Robinson (the sole remaining plaintiff) in the trial court proceeding. CR 537 (Tab B). Furthermore, in addition to not being parties to the Order being appealed, ABC Television Network is not a corporate entity and was never served in the underlying suit. Additionally, TWDC and CCTHC were dismissed from the underlying suit pursuant to Special Appearances. CR 536; 796. i Trial Counsel For Appellant Theaola Robinson2 Berry Dunbar Bowen Fed. ID No. 6177 State Bar No. 02721050 3014 Brazos Street Houston, TX 77006 Telephone: (713) 521-3525 Telecopier: (713) 521-3575 Appellee: KTRK Television, Inc. Trial and Appellate Counsel For Appellee KTRK Television, Inc.: Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Laura.prather@haynesboone.com Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Catherine.robb@haynesboone.com Haynes and Boone, LLP 600 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Facsimile: (512) 867-8470 2 Although Robinson states in the “Identity of Parties and Counsel” section of her Brief that Berry Dunbar Bowen is her trial and appellate counsel, she has made multiple attestations to the trial court and to this Court that she is proceeding pro se, and has signed her Brief pro se. CR 557, 607, 609. Mr. Bowen was Robinson’s attorney of record in the first appeal of this matter. ii  TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES .............................................................................i TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... iii RECORD REFERENCES ......................................................................................... v TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ....................................................................................vi STATEMENT OF THE CASE .................................................................................xi STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT ........................................... xiii ISSUES PRESENTED............................................................................................xiv I. STATEMENT OF FACTS ..................................................................................... 1 II. SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT.................................................................... 6 III. ARGUMENT ....................................................................................................... 8 A. Not Only Did This Court Have Jurisdiction To Hear The First Appeal Of This Case, But This Court Has Already Addressed – And Denied – Robinson’s Arguments That It Lacked Such Jurisdiction. .................................................................................................... 8 B. The First Court Of Appeals Did Not Err In Its Opinion In KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, Dated July 11, 2013, An Opinion That Was Correctly Decided And For Which All Appeals Have Been Exhausted, And Over Which This Court No Longer Has Jurisdiction.......................................................................... 10 1. This Court’s Plenary Power Regarding Its Prior Decision Expired on September 24, 2013. ...................................................................12 2. This Court’s Prior Decision Is the Law of the Case, Barring Further Reconsideration of Robinson’s Issues. ..........................14 3. This Case Was Correctly Decided in the First Appeal and, Should This Court Look at the Substance of Robinson’s Brief, the Court Should Re-Affirm Its Prior Decision. ..............................................................................................................17 C. The Trial Court Properly Awarded Attorneys’ Fees, Costs, And Sanctions To KTRK; Its Order Doing So Does Not Raise Any Constitutional Questions; Robinson Waived Any Constitutional Challenge To The TCPA By Failing To Raise It At The Trial Court. ....................................................................................... 21 iii  1. Robinson’s Arguments that the Trial Court’s Fee Award Was Punitive and in Violation of Open Courts Are Without Merit and Were Waived. .................................................................22 2. The Trial Court’s Award of Fees, Costs, Expenses, and Sanctions Was in Accordance with the TCPA. .........................................25 3. The Trial Court’s Award of Fees, Costs, Expenses, and Sanctions Was in Accordance with the Mandate of This Court. ....................................................................................................................30 PRAYER .................................................................................................................. 32 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE ....................................................................... 33 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................ 33 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................. 34 iv  RECORD REFERENCES Citations to the Clerk’s Record are in the form of [supplement ] CR [page #]. For clarification: CR refers to the Clerk’s Record filed on December 30, 2014; 1st CR refers to the Special Supplemental Clerk’s Record (Pauper’s Documentation) filed on December 31, 2014. 2nd CR refers to the Second Supplemental Clerk’s Record requested on September 9, 2015, which has not yet been filed.3 Because the 2nd CR cites are not yet available, Appellee will include the referenced documents in the Appendix and reference the Appendix, as well. Citations to Appellant’s Brief filed on June 10, 2015 are in the form of Br. [page #]. 3 Appellee has been informed that the Second Supplemental Clerk’s Record has not been completed, but is tentatively scheduled to be filed on October 9, 2015. v  TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases Abdel Hazif v. ABC, Inc., 240 S.W.3d 492 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied) ......................................................................................19 Algae Int’l Grp., Inc. v. Stegman, No. DC-13-03933 (44th Dist. Ct., Dallas County, Tex. Sept. 13, 2013)..............................................................29 Am. Heritage Capital, LP v. Gonzalez, 436 S.W.3d 865 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2014, no pet.) .......................................................................... 28, 29 Anderson Dev. Co. v. Tobias, 116 P.3d 323 (Utah 2005)........................................24 Arthur Andersen & Co. v. Perry Equip. Corp., 945 S.W.2d 812 (Tex. 1997) ...........................................................................................................30 Aycock v. State of Texas, 863 S.W.2d 183 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, writ denied) ..............................................................................15 Better Bus. Bureau of Metro Dallas, Inc. v. BH DFW, Inc., 402 S.W.3d 299 (Tex. App. Dallas 2013, no pet) .........................................................8 Better Bus. Bureau of Metro. Hous., Inc. v. John Moore Servs., Inc., 441 S.W.3d 345 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied) ...........................................................................................................27 Brewer v. Simental, 268 S.W.3d 763 (Tex. App.—Waco 2008, pet. denied) ...........................................................................................................22 Caplinger v. Allstate Ins. Co., 140 S.W.3d 927 (Tex. App.— Dallas 2004, pet. denied) ......................................................................................15 Carbajal v. ACCC General Agency, Inc., No. 05-15-00382-CV (Tex. App.—Dallas September 10, 2015, no pet. h.)(mem. op.) ..........................................................................................................................5 Cleveland v. Taylor, 397 S.W.3d 683 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied) ................................................................................31 vi Combined Law Enforcement Ass’ns. of Tex. v. Sheffield, No. 03-13-105-CV, 11 2014 WL 411672 (Tex. App.—Austin Jan. 31, 2014, pet. denied)(mem. op.) .................................................................. 23, 25 Cook v. Cameron, 733 S.W.2d 137 (Tex. 1987) .....................................................14 Cruz v. Van Sickle, 452 S.W.3d 503 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2014, pet. denied) ...........................................................................................................29 Dallas County v Sweitzer, 971 S.W.2d 629 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1998, no pet.) ........................................................................................................14 Day v. Farrell, No. 97-2722, 2000 WL 33159180 (R.I. May 15, 2000) .....................................................................................................................24 Direct Commercial Funding, Inc. v. Beacon Hill Estates, LLC, 2013 WL 407029 (Tex. App.—Hou. [14th] 2013, no pet.) ....................................8 El Apple I, Ltd. v. Olivas, 370 S.W.3d 757 (Tex. 2012) ..........................................26 Equilon Enters. v. Consumer Cause, Inc., 52 P.3d 685 (Cal. 2002) .....................................................................................................................24 Guam Greyhound v. Brizill, No. CVA07-021, 2008 WL 4206682 (Guam Sept. 11, 2008) ..........................................................................24 Gulf Energy Exploration Corp. v. Fugro Chance, 2012 WL 601413 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2012, no pet.)(mem. op.) .................... 12, 16 Head v. Chicory Media, LLC, No. 2013-0040 (714st Dist. Ct., Harrison County, Tex. Sept. 25, 2013), appeal dism’d, 415 S.W.3d 559 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2013, no pet.) ..................................... 28, 29 Hometown Props., Inc. v. Fleming, 680 A.2d 56 (R.I. 1996)..................................24 Huckabee v. Time Warner Entm’t Co., 19 S.W.3d 413 (Tex. 2000) .....................................................................................................................20 Hudson v. Wakefield, 711 S.W.2d 628 (Tex. 1986) ................................... 12, 15, 16 In re Thuesen, No. 2012-49262 (151st Dist. Ct., Harris County, Tex. Mar. 4, 2013), appeal docketed, No. 14-13-00523-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]) ......................................................................29 vii James v. Calkins, 446 S.W.3d 135 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, pet. granted) ......................................................................................27 Kinney v. BCG Attorney Search, Inc., No. 03-12-00579-CV, 2014 WL 1432012 (Tex. App.—Austin Apr. 11, 2014, pet. denied) (mem. op.) ...............................................................................................28 KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, 409 S.W.3d 682 (Tex. App. —Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied) ................................................................8 Lafayette Morehouse, Inc. v. Chronicle Publ’g Co., 37 Cal. App. 4th 855 (1995) .............................................................................................24 Lee v. Pennington, 830 So.2d 1037 (La. Ct. App. 2002).........................................24 Miller v. University Sav. Assoc., 858 S.W.2d 33 (Tex. App.— Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, writ denied)................................................................15 Moore v. Waldrop, 166 S.W.3d 380 (Tex. App.—Waco 2005, no pet.) ........................................................................................................... 18, 20 Musser v. Smith Protective Servs., 723 S.W.2d 653 (Tex. 1987)............................20 Neely v. Wilson, 418 S.W.3d 52 (2013) ...................................................................13 Newspaper Holdings, Inc. v. Crazy Hotel Assisted Living, Ltd., 416 S.W.3d 71 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied) ..................................................................................................................27 Newspapers, Inc. v. Matthews, 339 S.W.2d 890 (Tex. 1960) .................................20 Nexus v. Swift, 785 N.W.2d 771 (Minn. Ct. App. 2010) .........................................24 Phillips v. Bramlett, 407 S.W.3d 229 (Tex. 2013) ..................................................14 Ramsey v. Lynch, No. 10-12-00198-CV, 2013 WL 1846886 (Tex. App.—Waco May 2, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.) .........................................28 Rehak Creative Servs., Inc. v. Witt, 404 S.W.3d 716 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, pet. denied) ...................................................28 Rustic Cedar Cabins Inc. v. Cortell, No. 28500 (21st Dist. Ct., Bastrop County, Tex. Sept. 5, 2012) ....................................................................29 viii San Jacinto Title Svcs., LLC V. Kingsley Props. LP., 452 S.W.2d 343 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2013, pet. denied) .................................8 Sandholm v. Kuecker, 942 N.E.2d 544 (Ill. App. Ct. 2010) ....................................24 Sax v. Votteler, 648 S.W.2d 661 (Tex. 1983) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted) ..................................................................................23 Schauer v. Memorial Care Sys., 856 S.W.2d 437 (Tex. App.— Hou. [1st Dist.] 1993, no writ) ..............................................................................20 Schimmel v. McGregor 438 S.W.3d 847 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, no pet.) ................................................................................. 26, 27 Schlumberger Ltd. v. Rutherford, No. 01-14-00776-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 25, 2015, no pet. h.) .................................. 27, 29 Senator Jeff Wentworth v Elizabeth Ames Jones, Cause No. 2012-CI-08201 (73rd Dist. Ct., Bexar Co., Tex. filed May 17, 2012) .....................................................................................................................23 Simpton v. High Plains Broad., Inc., No. 2011-13290 (285th Dist. Ct., Bexar County, Tex. July 30, 2012) .......................................................29 Spencer v. Pagliarulo, 448 S.W.3d 605 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014) ....................................................................................................13 Texas Pub. Bldg. Auth. v. Mattox, 686 S.W.2d 924 (Tex. 1985) ............................23 Weaver v. Jamar, 383 S.W.3d 805 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.) ..............................................................................................26 WFAA v. McLemore, 978 S.W.2d 568 (Tex. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S. Ct. 1358 (1999) .........................................................................................19 Statutes Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 51.014 .....................................................................9 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 73.002 ...................................................................19 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.009 .................................................. passim ix Tex. R. App. P. 19.1.......................................................................................... 12, 13 Tex. R. App. P. 19.3.......................................................................................... 12, 13 Tex. R. App. P. 33.1.................................................................................................22 Tex. R. App. P. 42.3.................................................................................................32 Tex. R. App. P. 51.1.................................................................................................14 Tex. R. Civ. P. 13 .....................................................................................................23 x  STATEMENT OF THE CASE In accordance with Tex. R. App. P. 38.2(a)(1)(B), Appellee disagrees with Appellant’s statement of the case. Appellant states that “This is an appeal of a denial of a Motion to Dismiss claims for defamation/libel pursuant to the Texas Citizens' Participation Act, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.001, et seq. (Vernon Supp. 2011).” Appellant is wrong. Appellee has already appealed that ruling through five different filings before this Court and the Texas Supreme Court. See discussion in Appellee KTRK Television, Inc.’s Motion to Dismiss Appellant’s Appeal and Request to Declare Appellant Robinson A Vexatious Litigant, filed in No. 01-14-008800-CV (Tab H). NATURE OF THE Defamation CASE: COURSE OF Appeal of Order of October 8, 2014 of the 234th Judicial PROCEEDINGS: Court of Harris County on remand from this Court, ordering final judgment and dismissal with prejudice in accordance with this Court’s July 11, 2013 Order, and attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses. CR 615, 455, 469 (Tabs B, C, and D). TRIAL COURT’S Appellant Theaola Robinson filed suit against multiple DISPOSITION: Defendants in September, 2011. CR 560. KTRK filed an anti-SLAPP motion pursuant to Chapter 27 of the Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code, which was denied by the trial court and timely appealed to this court, which found in favor of KTRK on July 11, 2013. CR 455 (Tabs C and D). After exhausting her appeals, on October 8, 2014, the trial court, on remand and in accordance with this Court’s July 11, 2013 Order and with Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 27.009, awarded KTRK its attorney’s fees, expenses, court costs, and sanctions and entered its final judgment. CR 615 (Tab B). xi  APPELLATE Robinson filed a Notice of Appeal on October 30, 2014. CR PROCEEDINGS: 622 (Tab A).4 This appeal was docketed as No. 01-14- 00880-CV and, on June 10, 2015, Appellant filed her brief.5 4 Robinson failed to serve her Notice of Appeal upon KTRK, thereby failing to properly perfect this appeal. CR 545, n.15. 5 Although Appellant filed subsequent briefing and appendixes, her motion for leave to file such was denied by Order of this Court on September 3, 2015; thus, the Appellant’s brief dated June 10, 2015 is the brief before this Court, and to which Appellee responds. xii  STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT KTRK does not request oral argument. KTRK believes that this Court can determine this case without the necessity of oral argument. xiii  ISSUES PRESENTED RESPONSE TO APPELLANT’S ISSUE 1: Not only did this Court have jurisdiction to hear the first appeal of this case, but this Court has already addressed – and denied – Robinson’s arguments that it lacked such jurisdiction. RESPONSE TO APPELLANT’S ISSUE 2: The First Court Of Appeals did not err in its Opinion in KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, dated July 11, 2013, an opinion that was correctly decided and for which all appeals have been exhausted, and over which this Court no longer has jurisdiction. RESPONSE TO APPELLANT’S ISSUE 3: The trial court properly awarded attorneys’ fees, costs, and sanctions to KTRK; Its Order doing so does not raise any constitutional questions; and, Robinson waived any constitutional challenge to the TCPA by failing to raise them at the trial court. xiv  I. STATEMENT OF FACTS Robinson has been suing KTRK over the same broadcasts for more than four years and has attempted to appeal this Court’s prior ruling denying her claims on at least six occasions. It began when Robinson sued The Walt Disney Company in federal court in January 2011, but dismissed that case when she tried to add The Walt Disney Company and KTRK to an already pending § 1983 case she had filed against numerous government defendants. See Original Complaint in Theaola Robinson v. The Walt Disney Company, Cause No. 4-11-CV-0358, in the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division (Tab I); Motion for Leave to Amend and Supplement Complaint in Shenitha Comb, et. al. v. Rick Schneider, et al., Cause No. 4-10-CV-03498, in the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division (Tab J); Nonparty KTRK Television, Inc.’s Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to Amend and Supplement Complaint in Cause No. 4-10-CV-03498 (Tab K). Robinson was unsuccessful on both counts. See Notice of Dismissal in Cause No. 4-11-CV-0358 (Tab L); Memorandum and Order in Cause No. 4-10-CV-03498 (Tab M). Then, after the multiple attempts to sue in federal court failed, in September of 2011, Robinson filed this action for defamation in state court against KTRK, The Walt Disney Company (“TWDC”), CC Texas Holding Co., Inc. 1 (“CCTHC”), and ABC Television Network.6 CR 560. TWDC and CCTHC immediately filed Special Appearances. CR 5, 15. KTRK filed an Answer (CR 22) and then filed a Motion to Dismiss (“Anti-SLAPP Motion”) pursuant to Chapter 27 of the Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code (“TCPA” or “the Act”). On January 23, 2012, prior to the hearing on KTRK’s Anti-SLAPP motion, Robinson filed her First Amended Petition. 2nd CR ___ (Tab N).7 KTRK’s Anti- SLAPP Motion was denied by the trial court, and KTRK timely appealed to this Court. CR 309-310, 469 (Tabs C and D). On July 11, 2013, in KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, No. 01-12-00372- CV, this Court reversed the trial court’s denial of KTRK’s Anti-SLAPP Motion and remanded this case back to the trial court to order dismissal of the suit and for final proceedings on attorneys’ fees as required by Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.009(a). CR 455, 469 (Tabs C and D). In issuing its Opinion, this Court also addressed – and denied – Robinson’s Motion to Dismiss the appeal in which she argued the Court had no jurisdiction to hear the appeal. See Appellee’s Motion 6 As discussed, ABC Television Network is not a corporate entity, was never served, and was dismissed through the filing of the First Amended Petition. CR 796. 7 Robinson later filed a Second Amended Petition on February 3, 2014 (CR 281) and a “Supplemental Petition” on October 1, 2014 (CR 533). However, the Second Amended Petition was filed in contravention of this Court’s order of February 22, 2013 in No. 01-12-00372-CV, which stayed the proceedings in the trial court pending final resolution of the appeal. 2nd CR ___ (Tab P). Because the Second Amended Petition was filed after the Court’s order staying trial proceedings, but prior to the issuance of this Court’s mandate on March 14, 2014, it was never before the trial court. The Supplemental Petition, filed after the trial court’s remand hearing on KTRK’s attorney’s fees, contained only non-specific and non-justiciable claims against this Court’s mandate. CR 533. As a result, the Supplemental Petition was also never before the trial court. 2 to Dismiss For Lack of Jurisdiction, in No. 01-12-00372-CV (Tab O). Robinson then filed a Motion for Rehearing of this Court’s Opinion (CR 566), which was overruled by this Court on August 21, 2013. CR 455 (Tab C). Next, Robinson filed a Petition for Review with the Supreme Court of Texas, which was denied on January 3, 2014 (CR 569), and a Petition for Rehearing of the Denial, which was denied on March 7, 2014. 2nd CR __ (Tab F). Lastly, Robinson filed a Petition for Writ of Mandamus with the Supreme Court of Texas, which was denied on June 6, 2014, followed by a “Motion for Rehearing on Petition for Review of Writ of Mandamus and Request for Oral Argument,” which was also denied. CR 475, 572; 2nd CR __ (Tab G). After Robinson had wholly and completely exhausted any and all possible appeals regarding this Court’s Opinion, in accordance with this Court’s Opinion and March 14, 2014 mandate and Chapter 27 of the Civ. Prac. and Rem. Code, KTRK moved the trial court to award its attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses, to award sanctions, and to enter final judgment. CR 309. In support of KTRK’s Motion and Brief, KTRK offered and submitted as evidence extensive billing records as proof of its fees and expenses, provided extensive case law to the trial court in support of an award of fees, and requested sanctions sufficient to deter Robinson from filing additional similar claims. CR 309. After properly noticing a hearing on KTRK’s request for fees (2nd CR ___ (Tab Q)), and after filing a 3 supplemental affidavit on attorney’s fees and costs reflecting the final fees and costs in the trial court (2nd CR __ (Tab R)), a hearing was held before the Honorable Wesley Ward on September 29, 2014. Robinson failed to submit or present any evidence, either prior to or at the hearing, to contradict or refute KTRK’s evidence of attorney’s fees and costs.8 At that same hearing, TWDC and CCTHC’s Special Appearances were heard.9 CR 5, 15. Robinson filed her response to the Special Appearances one day prior to the hearing (CR 524), and TWDC and CCTHC replied to Robinson’s response. CR 528. On October 8, 2014, the 234th District Court signed an order sustaining the special appearances of TWDC and CCTHC. CR 536. 10 On the same day, the trial court signed its final judgment in which it, in accordance with this Court’s Opinion and mandate, dismissed the case with prejudice, and awarded KTRK attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses pursuant to the Texas Anti-SLAPP statute.11 CR 615 (Tab B). 8 Although trial counsel Berry Bowen (“Bowen”) had previously filed a Motion to Withdraw (CR 612), and Robinson had clearly informed KTRK in writing that Bowen no longer represented her and that she was proceeding pro se (CR 609), Robinson and Bowen both appeared at the hearing on attorney’s fees and Bowen proceeded to represent Robinson at the hearing with Robinson’s apparent acquiescence. CR 545. No evidence or argument was ever offered or filed in contradiction of KTRK’s requested fees. 9 Although the Special Appearances had been on file since the start of the case, they had never been decided because the interlocutory appeal stayed the underlying trial court proceedings. 10 Robinson has not appealed that Order. 11 The Court also ordered nominal sanctions in the amount of $100. CR 615. (Tab B). 4  Robinson filed a Notice of Appeal on October 30, 2015.12 CR 622. This Notice of Appeal states that she desires “to appeal from the judgment rendered against Plaintiff by the 234th Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas on October 8, 2014.” CR 622. Thus, it appears Robinson is attempting to appeal the “Order and Final Judgment,” of the trial court executed in accordance with the mandate of this Court. CR 469 (Tab D). As a preliminary matter, Robinson failed to perfect her appeal because it was not served upon KTRK.13 CR 545 n.15. On October 31, 2014, after Robinson filed her pro se Notice of Appeal, Robinson’s former counsel Berry Bowen, purporting to act on behalf of Robinson, filed a Motion for New Trial in the trial court. CR 540. KTRK moved to strike the Motion for New Trial on the grounds that Robinson and her former counsel were both simultaneously filing conflicting pleadings. CR 543. A hearing on the Motion for New Trial was not set, and the motion was eventually overruled by operation of law. Meanwhile, Robinson’s pro se appeal was docketed as No. 01- 14-00880-CV and, although a docketing statement was due on November 20, 2014, a docketing statement has never been filed. Robinson’s brief was eventually 12 Although Robinson states that she filed a “Request for Facts and Conclusion of Law” in addition to her Notice of Appeal, no such request was ever filed. Br. 2. 13 See KTRK’s Motion to Dismiss, filed in this Court on July 23, 2015 (Tab H). The fact that Robinson failed to perfect her appeal and has not served several documents (including her Appellant’s Brief) upon KTRK has not been refuted by Robinson nor has any evidence of service ever been provided. Very recently, the Dallas Court of Appeals agreed that “Pro se litigants are held to the same standard as licensed attorneys.” Carbajal v. ACCC General Agency, Inc., No. 05-15-00382-CV at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas September 10, 2015, no pet. h.)(mem. op.). For this reason, KTRK re-urges its previously filed Motion to Dismiss. 5 filed more than six months later on June 10, 2015. KTRK filed its Motion to Dismiss on July 23, 2015, on the grounds that Robinson was attempting to re- litigate previously appealed issues causing this Court to have no jurisdiction over the appeal. KTRK further demonstrated that Robinson had failed to perfect her appeal and had failed to comply with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. KTRK’s Motion to Dismiss was denied on September 3, 2015, in an order signed by Justice Lloyd acting individually. On that same day, Robinson’s motion to allow late filed amended briefs and appendixes was denied. II. SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT At the heart of this case is the (already answered) question of whether certain reports broadcast by KTRK were defamatory per se, as alleged by Robinson, and whether Robinson sustained her burden to provide by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each and every essential element of her claim for defamation per se, including that no affirmative defenses applied. The First Court of Appeals correctly decided this case in its Opinion of July 11, 2013 in No. 01-12-00372-CV – the first appeal of the underlying merits of this matter – finding that Robinson had not sustained her burden and that the lawsuit should be dismissed pursuant to the TCPA. In that Opinion, this Court also correctly found that the Court had jurisdiction to hear the appeal. Although Robinson exhausted all available appellate remedies in that prior appeal, Robinson now attempts to 6 again re-litigate (for the seventh time)14 the same issues – issues that were decided by this Court more than two years ago and over which this Court no longer maintains jurisdiction.15 In addition, Robinson appears to attempt to appeal issues not the subject of the October 8, 2014 Order and that have been waived or already decided definitively against her.16 As an initial matter, this Court should not consider the merits of this appeal because this Court is without jurisdiction to do so, the Opinion being appealed is the law of the case,17 because all appeals of that Opinion have been exhausted – unsuccessfully – by Robinson, and because Robinson does not appeal the one issue that she could have appealed: the amount of attorneys’ fees, other costs and expenses, or sanctions awarded by the trial court. KTRK re-urges its argument that this appeal should be dismissed for those reasons.18 Still, however, to the extent the Court in any way considers Robinson’s current appeal an attack on the amount of fees, costs, or sanctions, the trial court properly awarded attorney’s fees, costs, and 14 See, e.g., Appellant’s Statement of the Case (“this is an appeal of a denial of a Motion to Dismiss”), her Statement of Jurisdiction (pertaining to mandamus), her Issues 1 & 2, her Statement of Facts, etc. Br. viii-x, 1-21. 15 See Br. viii-x, 1-21. 16 See Plaintiff’s Response to Motion to Dismiss in No. 2011-54895 (Tab S). 17 If the Court does address Robinson’s arguments about the appropriateness of review and dismissal of the underlying lawsuit, KTRK re-urges and adopts by reference all of the arguments made in the prior appeal of this case. See the following documents in No. 01-12-00372-CV: Brief of Appellant KTRK Television, Inc. (Tab T); Appellant’s Brief in Reply (Tab U); Appellant’s Response to Appellee’s Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction (Tab V). 18 (Tab H). 7 sanctions to KTRK in accordance with this Court’s mandate and the evidence on attorney’s fees and costs that was admitted by the trial court.19 III. ARGUMENT A. Not Only Did This Court Have Jurisdiction To Hear The First Appeal Of This Case, But This Court Has Already Addressed – And Denied – Robinson’s Arguments That It Lacked Such Jurisdiction. Robinson’s first point on appeal concerns her argument that this Court did not have jurisdiction to hear the appeal in No. 01-12-00372-CV, because (1) appellate courts did not, at the time, have jurisdiction to hear an interlocutory appeal of the denial of an Anti-SLAPP Motion and (2) Robinson’s lawsuit was filed before the effective date of the TCPA, thereby making it inapplicable to her underlying lawsuit. She is wrong on both points – on both the facts and the law. This Court found in the first go around, “section 27.008 permits an interlocutory appeal from the trial court’s written order denying a motion to dismiss under the TCPA.” KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, 409 S.W.3d 682, 688 (Tex. App. — Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied).20 Furthermore, if anything, the argument that this Court properly exercised its jurisdiction over the prior appeal is even 19 CR 309 (Tabs C and D). 20 KTRK attaches as Appendix Tab V its Response to Robinson’s Motion to Dismiss in No. 01- 12-00372-CV, and, to the extent necessary, incorporates it by reference. See also Direct Commercial Funding, Inc. v. Beacon Hill Estates, LLC, 2013 WL 407029 (Tex. App.—Hou. [14th] 2013, no pet.); Better Bus. Bureau of Metro Dallas, Inc. v. BH DFW, Inc., 402 S.W.3d 299, 306-07 (Tex. App. Dallas 2013, no pet); San Jacinto Title Svcs., LLC V. Kingsley Props. LP., 452 S.W.2d 343 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2013, pet. denied). 8 stronger now. In response to a handful of Texas appellate courts incorrectly finding no right to an interlocutory appeal when an Anti-SLAPP Motion was denied by written order, but only when denied by operation of law, the Texas Legislature strengthened the language of the Anti-SLAPP statute to make it even clearer that an interlocutory appeal was allowed in either circumstance.21 This Court did not err in finding it had jurisdiction to hear the appeal in No. 01-12- 00372-CV. With regard to Robinson’s second argument, that the TCPA is being applied retroactively, the record speaks for itself. The TCPA statute became effective on June 17, 2011.22 Robinson’s underlying lawsuit was filed on September 14, 2011, after the effective date of the TCPA. Therefore, the Act, including the section on interlocutory appeals, applies to Robinson’s lawsuit. Further, although Robinson argues that she filed a lawsuit prior to the effective date of the TCPA, which she believes should preclude the application of the TCPA to this lawsuit, she is wrong for several reasons. To begin with, she fails to cite any authority for her proposition that filing a federal lawsuit starts the clock for any later-filed state lawsuits on a similar topic, and there is no such authority. Even if her argument otherwise held water, the lawsuit Robinson refers to in her Brief was a federal lawsuit filed against multiple state actors – not KTRK – claiming 1983 21 See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 51.014(a)(12) (amended by Texas Legislature in 2013). 22 (Tab W). 9 violations.23 Although Robinson did eventually attempt to add KTRK and other media defendants to that federal lawsuit, she did not seek leave to do so until June 24, 2011 – after the effective date of the TCPA. Further, and decisively, the Court denied Robinson’s motion for leave to amend her Complaint to add KTRK and the media defendants; as such, KTRK was never a party to the federal lawsuit. KTRK was never a party to the federal lawsuit and her ill-fated request for leave to add KTRK was not even sought until after the TCPA became effective. Thus, Robinson’s claim that she filed her lawsuit prior to the enactment of the TCPA and that she is being subject to a “retroactive law” is without merit. This Court properly exercised its jurisdiction in hearing the appeal in No. 01-12-00372-CV. B. The First Court Of Appeals Did Not Err In Its Opinion In KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, Dated July 11, 2013, An Opinion That Was Correctly Decided And For Which All Appeals Have Been Exhausted, And Over Which This Court No Longer Has Jurisdiction. On July 11, 2013, in KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, this Court reversed the trial court’s denial of KTRK’s Anti-SLAPP Motion and remanded this case back to the trial court to order dismissal of the suit and for final proceedings on attorneys’ fees as required by Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.009(a). On October 8, 2014,24 after Robinson’s appellate remedies had been exhausted, the 23 (Tab M). 24 The large time delay between the July 2013 judgment of this Court and October 2014 judgment of the trial court was caused by Appellee Robinson’s six filings attempting to overturn 10 234th Judicial Court of Harris County, in accordance with the Order of this Court, issued its final judgment and dismissed the case with prejudice, awarding KTRK attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses pursuant to the TCPA.25 Robinson’s Notice of Appeal states that she desires “to appeal from the judgment rendered against Plaintiff by the 234th Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas on October 8, 2014.” The referenced Judgment did only two things: (1) dismissed Robinson’s claims and entered a final judgment in accordance with this Court’s Opinion and mandate (a ministerial act), and (2) awarded KTRK its attorneys’ fees, expenses, court costs, and sanctions pursuant to this Court’s mandate.26 What Robinson’s Brief makes clear is that she is really appealing this Court’s earlier decision in Cause No. 01-12-00372-CV, not the more recent ministerial order.27 This current appeal is Robinson’s attempt to revisit this Court’s July 11, 2013, Opinion in Cause No. 01-12-00372-CV dismissing Robinson’s claim for defamation against KTRK.28 Robinson states outright in her Brief that “This is an appeal of a denial of a Motion to Dismiss claims for this Court’s ruling. See Robinson’s Motion for Rehearing in this Court (which was denied), Petition for Review and a Motion for Rehearing on her Petition for Review (in the Supreme Court of Texas, No. 13-0809)(both denied) and a Petition for Writ of Mandamus and a Motion for Rehearing on her Petition for Writ of Mandamus (in the Supreme Court of Texas, No. 14- 0321)(both denied). See (Tabs E, F, and G). 25 Also on October 8, 2014, the 234th District Court signed an order sustaining the Special Appearances of TWDC and CCTHC. That Order was not appealed. 26 See KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, 409 S.W.3d at 682. 27 See Brief viii, 1. 28 See Br. viii-x, 1-21. 11 defamation/libel” and states that the First Court of Appeals “committed clear 29 error/abuse of discretion when it did not affirm trial court decision.” Therefore, there can be no doubt that Robinson’s appeal in this case is nothing more than one more appeal of this Court’s decision in Cause No. 01-12-00372-CV, which is not allowed.30 Under Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 19.1, this Court’s plenary power to alter that judgment expired in September of 2013. See Tex. R. App. P. 19.1; see also Tex. R. App. P. 19.3 (“[a]fter its plenary power expires, the court cannot vacate or modify its judgment”). Furthermore, this Court’s decision in Cause No. 01-12-00372-CV is the law of the case and this Court does not have jurisdiction to revisit the issues raised in that first appeal. Hudson v. Wakefield, 711 S.W.2d 628, 630 (Tex. 1986); Gulf Energy Exploration Corp. v. Fugro Chance, 2012 WL 601413 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2012, no pet.)(mem. op.). 1. This Court’s Plenary Power Regarding Its Prior Decision Expired on September 24, 2013. Robinson’s attempt to appeal this Court’s July 11, 2013 decision on the merits is not permitted. This Court “cannot vacate or modify its judgment” 29 See Brief viii, 1. 30 KTRK also re-urges its previously filed Motion to Dismiss this appeal in accordance with Tex. R. App. P. 42.3 for Robinson’s failure to comply with the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, including failing to serve KTRK with her Notice of Appeal and failing to serve KTRK with filings (although certifying to this Court that she had done so) or serving KTRK with documents that differ from the ones filed with the Court. See Appellee KTRK Television, Inc.’s Motion to Dismiss Appellant’s Appeal and Request to Declare Appellant Robinson a Vexatious Litigant, filed on July 23, 2015. 12 because its plenary power over that decision expired in 2013.31 After this Court’s ruling on the merits, reversing and remanding to the lower court, Robinson filed a motion for rehearing on July 25, 2013. The Court’s “plenary power over its judgment expire[d]… 30 days after the court overruled[d] all timely filed motions for rehearing....”32 This Court overruled Robinson’s motion for rehearing on August 21, 2013.33 Accordingly, this Court’s plenary power to vacate or modify its judgment expired on September 20, 2013. The fact that Robinson claims to be appealing the trial court’s judgment – one that is in complete compliance with this Court’s prior mandate – does not change the fact that what she is really trying to do is appeal, now for the sixth time, this Court’s earlier decision. Again, Robinson’s brief makes her true aim crystal clear: Appellant Robinson has been defamed and it was confirmed when the lower court dismissed KTRK Channel 13 Motion to Dismiss under the Texas Anti-Slapp statute. Appellant Robinson asks that her case be reviewed under Neely v. Wilson, 418 S.W.3d 52 (2013) and Spencer v. Pagliarulo, 448 S.W.3d 605 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014).34 The time and methods for reviewing this Court’s prior decision have expired (and been exhausted), and Robinson’s prior five attempts to have this Court and the Texas Supreme Court review that decision have all failed. 31 See Tex. R. App. P. 19.3. 32 See Tex. R. App. P. 19.1(b). 33 See this Court’s August 21, 2013 notice that it denied Robinson’s Motion for Rehearing (Tab E). 34 See Br. 19-20. 13  2. This Court’s Prior Decision Is the Law of the Case, Barring Further Reconsideration of Robinson’s Issues. The Order that Robinson purports to appeal was simply the trial court’s ministerial act of enforcing this Court’s prior mandate that the trial court dismiss the case and enter a final judgment in accordance with this Court’s opinion. “When an appellate court … renders a judgment which the trial court should have rendered, that judgment becomes the judgment of both courts.” Cook v. Cameron, 733 S.W.2d 137, 139 (Tex. 1987). At that point, [t]he trial court’s only duty is to enforce the judgment as rendered. The district court has no jurisdiction to review or interpret that judgment. Its only authority is to carry out the mandate of the appellate court. A district’s court’s orders carrying out the mandate are ministerial. Dallas County v Sweitzer, 971 S.W.2d 629, 630 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1998, no pet.)(citations omitted). Furthermore, “[t]he district court must execute the judgment as it was framed by the appellate court.” Id. It “has no authority to take any action that is inconsistent with or beyond the scope of that which is necessary to give full effect to the appellate court’s judgment and mandate.” Phillips v. Bramlett, 407 S.W.3d 229, 234 (Tex. 2013). See also Tex. R. App. P. 51.1(b) (“When the trial court clerk receives the mandate, the appellate court’s judgment must be enforced.”). This Court’s prior opinion is the law of the case and cannot be further appealed simply because the trial court has enforced this Court’s mandate through 14 the ministerial act of entering a final judgment. See, e.g., Miller v. University Sav. Assoc., 858 S.W.2d 33, 37 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, writ denied)(finding appellant precluded from bringing claims on appeal because court had already determined issues and “law of the case” applied). Under the law of the case doctrine, a court of appeals must be consistent with its earlier ruling on legal questions unless an earlier decision was clearly erroneous. In a case such as this, when a petition for review is filed and the Texas Supreme Court denies the petition for review, as a matter of law, this Court of Appeals has not “committed clear error/abuse of discretion.” See Caplinger v. Allstate Ins. Co., 140 S.W.3d 927, 930 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, pet. denied).35 Therefore, this Court cannot and should not consider Robinson’s appeal of the law of the case. “The ‘law of the case’ doctrine is defined as that principle under which questions of law decided on appeal to a court of last resort will govern the case throughout its subsequent stages.” Hudson v. Wakefield, 711 S.W.2d 628, 630 (Tex. 1986); see also Aycock v. State of Texas, 863 S.W.2d 183, 187 (Tex. App.— Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, writ denied). (“‘The law of the case’ is a doctrine which mandates that the ruling of an appellate court on a question of law raised on appeal will be regarded as the law of the case in all subsequent proceedings of the same case.”). Because Robinson’s appeal is nothing more than one more attempt at 35 See Br. 1; see also Supreme Court of Texas’ denial of Robinson’s Petition for Review (Tab G). 15 overturning “the law of the case” by “appealing” the trial court’s unappealable ministerial entry of the final judgment, this Court is without jurisdiction to hear this appeal. See, e.g., Gulf Energy Exploration Corp. v. Fugro Chance, Inc., No. 13-10-686-CV, 2012 WL 601413, at *2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2012, no pet.)(mem. op.) (finding court was without jurisdiction to hear appeal of issue it had previously decided in first appeal). Finally, dismissing this appeal serves the purpose of the “law of the case” doctrine, which is “based on public policy and is aimed at putting an end to litigation.” Hudson, 711 S.W.2d at 630. This Court entered its Opinion in this matter dismissing this case in July of 2013. Since that time, Robinson (either acting pro se, or through her former attorney) has filed five prior appellate pleadings in an effort to overturn the decision: a Motion for Rehearing to the First Court of Appeals, a Petition for Review to the Texas Supreme Court, a Motion for Rehearing the Denial of her Petition for Review to the Texas Supreme Court, a Mandamus with the Texas Supreme Court, and a Motion for Rehearing the Denial of Mandamus.36 In addition, after the trial court issued its order in compliance with this Court’s Mandate, Robinson filed a Motion for New Trial prior to filing 36 CR 566, 455, 569, 475, 512. 16 this appeal. Thus, public policy and the law of the case dictate that this litigation must end.37 3. This Case Was Correctly Decided in the First Appeal and, Should This Court Look at the Substance of Robinson’s Brief, the Court Should Re-Affirm Its Prior Decision. Although Robinson attempts to frame her second issue as some sort of due process challenge, this too is simply an attempt to challenge the merits of this Court’s July 11, 2013 Opinion. As discussed herein, this Court has previously heard and decided the issue that Robinson now attempts to again appeal before this Court – whether the trial court should have granted KTRK’s Anti-SLAPP Motion and dismissed Robinson’s cause of action against KTRK. Therefore, to the extent this Court wishes to again review the underlying merits of this case, KTRK incorporates by reference and re-urges all of the arguments made in its briefing in the first appeal, No. 01-12-00372-CV, specifically, its: Brief of Appellant KTRK Television, Inc. (Tab T); Appellant’s Brief in Reply (Tab U); Appellant’s Response to Appellee’s Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction (Tab V); and, Clerk’s Record in No. 01-012-00372-CV (where referred to in referenced pleadings in that appeal). 37 Robinson has already been ordered to pay KTRK’s attorneys’ fees in this matter, but has indicated that she will be unable to pay; therefore, she has nothing to lose by continuing her appeals. 17  In short, as argued at the trial court and in the first appeal before this Court, Robinson sued KTRK for defamation based on its accurate reporting on allegations about Robinson’s financial mismanagement of Benji’s Special Education Academy, which was under investigation by the State. The Act required the trial court to dismiss the defamation claim unless Robinson established, by the heightened standard of clear and specific evidence, a prima facie case for each essential element of her claim. In the underlying lawsuit, Robinson claimed that the broadcasts at issue were defamatory per se.38 An essential element of defamation per se is the accusation of the commission of a crime, dishonesty, fraud, rascality, or general depravity ― which, in this case, was disproven by reading the Complained of Statements themselves. There was no mention of a crime being committed by Robinson, nor was there any reference to Robinson committing fraud or dishonest acts. See Tab W (and references to Clerk’s Record in No. 01-12-00372-CV: CR 4:963-973). In a defamation per se claim one cannot use inference or innuendo to support such a claim either.39 Another essential element of the defamation claim at issue in the underlying case was the constitutional requirement of showing “actual malice” – a burden that 38 As this Court previously found, Robinson pled only a claim for defamation per se, not per quod. 39 Moore v. Waldrop, 166 S.W.3d 380 (Tex. App.—Waco 2005, no pet.). 18 arises when the plaintiff is a public figure or when the statements made are privileged. Both circumstances exist in this case. Plaintiff was a limited purpose public figure because she was at the heart of the controversy people were talking about,40 and the matters discussed were privileged as a fair report on a governmental proceeding and a fair comment about a matter of public concern.41 To establish actual malice, a plaintiff must demonstrate the defendant published an allegedly defamatory statement knowing it to be false or having entertained serious doubts about the truth of the statement. The key issues is the state of mind of the publisher at the time the statement was made.42 In the trial court and in the first appeal of this matter, Robinson provided no evidence on KTRK’s state of mind, instead just speculating about what KTRK might have known or believed. KTRK, on the other hand, introduced substantial evidence of the absence of actual malice (CR 36-38, 238-240, 241-243). Robinson was also required to produce clear and specific evidence that the Complained of Statements in the broadcasts were materially false, which she was unable to do. The Court is required to look at what the broadcasts actually said, as a whole, in light of surrounding circumstances, and how a person of ordinary 40 WFAA v. McLemore, 978 S.W.2d 568 (Tex. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S. Ct. 1358 (1999). 41 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 73.002. 42 Abdel Hazif v. ABC, Inc., 240 S.W.3d 492 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied). 19 intelligence would perceive the entire broadcast series.43 In the absence of being able to demonstrate that the Complained of Statements were materially false, Robinson ignored the statements that were actually made by KTRK and instead constructed her own version of the broadcasts, distorting the statements with her own interpretations and conjecture. Such interpretation is not controlling.44 Finally, as KTRK argued at the trial and appellate level, Robinson was not even mentioned in the Complained of Statements, and Robinson failed to demonstrate those statements were “of and concerning” her.45 In short, Robinson failed to demonstrate to the trial court, or to this Court in the first appeal, that she could succeed on the merits of her defamation per se claim, much less show clear and specific evidence to support each element of her claim, as required by the TCPA. Robinson failed to establish that KTRK’s statements were defamatory per se (or even per quod), did not establish material falsity of the Complained of Statements, did not establish that KTRK made the statements with actual malice, did not overcome the applicable privilege(s), and did not establish that the Complained of Statements were of and concerning Robinson. 43 See Musser v. Smith Protective Servs., 723 S.W.2d 653 (Tex. 1987). 44 Schauer v. Memorial Care Sys., 856 S.W.2d 437, 449 (Tex. App.—Hou. [1st Dist.] 1993, no writ); Moore v. Waldrop, 166 S.W.3d 380 (Tex. App.—Waco 2005, no pet.). 45 Huckabee v. Time Warner Entm’t Co., 19 S.W.3d 413, 429 (Tex. 2000); Newspapers, Inc. v. Matthews, 339 S.W.2d 890, 893 (Tex. 1960). 20  After briefing and oral argument, this Court found that KTRK’s Anti- SLAPP Motion should have been granted and ordered the trial court to dismiss the lawsuit. This Court correctly found that Robinson failed to adduce clear and specific evidence that the challenged statements were defamatory per se, and thus failed to establish a prima facie case for each essential elements of her claim, requiring dismissal pursuant to the Texas Citizens’ Participation Act. C. The Trial Court Properly Awarded Attorneys’ Fees, Costs, And Sanctions To KTRK; Its Order Doing So Does Not Raise Any Constitutional Questions; Robinson Waived Any Constitutional Challenge To The TCPA By Failing To Raise It At The Trial Court. Although the October 8, 2014 “Order and Final Judgment” dismissing the case with prejudice also awarded to KTRK attorneys’ fees and sanctions in accordance with this Court’s mandate, Robinson does not challenge the amount of attorney’s fees or the methodology used to arrive at the fees. The only mention of fees or sanctions is in Robinson’s “Issue 3” where she attempts to argue that the trial court’s award of fees was “punitive” and in violation of open courts; such arguments are without merit and were waived because they were not raised at the trial court. Nevertheless, out of an abundance of caution, should this Court view Robinson’s complaint as one attacking the amount of attorneys’ fees, expenses, costs, or sanctions, KTRK provides briefing on that argument, as well. 21  1. Robinson’s Arguments that the Trial Court’s Fee Award Was Punitive and in Violation of Open Courts Are Without Merit and Were Waived. Robinson argues that the fees award was punitive and violates the open courts provision of the Texas Constitution.46 Robinson’s assertions are without merit and have been waived. It is a prerequisite to presenting a complaint on appeal that the complaint was made to the trial court in a timely manner, and that the trial court ruled on the request, or refused to do so.47 This is true even when the issue is a constitutional question.48 Because Robinson did not make any constitutional challenge argument at the trial court level,49 she has waived it, and it cannot be considered now. Robinson tried this same argument in her first appeal, and KTRK raised the issue of waiver then, as well. Robinson lost on this issue in her first appeal (because the Court dismissed the lawsuit pursuant to the TCPA). As discussed previously, all appeals of this Court’s earlier Order have been exhausted and that Opinion – including its implicit denial of Robinson’s argument on the constitutionality of the statue – is the law of the case. Even if this Court were to find the constitutional issue has not been waived and reaches the merits of the question, the anti-SLAPP statute has already been 46 Br. 14-16. 47 See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1. 48 See Brewer v. Simental, 268 S.W.3d 763, 767 (Tex. App.—Waco 2008, pet. denied) (“Constitutional violations must be raised in the trial court to be preserved for appellate review.”). 49 See, generally, Robinson’s Response to Motion to Dismiss (absent any discussion of constitutionality). 22 held to be constitutional and not a violation of the open courts doctrine.50 Furthermore, a statute enacted by the Legislature is presumed to be constitutional and valid.51 “[A] mere difference of opinion, where reasonable minds could differ, is not a sufficient basis for striking down legislation as arbitrary or unreasonable.”52 In addition, there is no constitutional right to file a meritless defamation claim. If a plaintiff can establish prima facie evidence of each element of the claim, the case will not be dismissed. This is not an insurmountable standard. In fact, this sort of analysis and research on the validity of one’s claim should have been done prior to filing suit. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 13. Courts throughout the state interpreting the statute have found a prima facie case was established in other cases and denied the relevant motions to dismiss.53 Thus, the standard adopted by the Legislature is working. Like Texas, other states considering the constitutionality of similar Anti- 50 Combined Law Enforcement Ass’ns. of Tex. v. Sheffield, No. 03-13-105-CV, 11 2014 WL 411672 at *9 (Tex. App.—Austin Jan. 31, 2014, pet. denied)(mem. op.). 51 See Texas Pub. Bldg. Auth. v. Mattox, 686 S.W.2d 924, 927 (Tex. 1985) (“We begin our analysis of the issues presented in this case by presuming, as we must, the constitutionality of an act of the Legislature.”). 52 Sax v. Votteler, 648 S.W.2d 661, 664 (Tex. 1983) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 53 See, e.g., Senator Jeff Wentworth v Elizabeth Ames Jones, Cause No. 2012-CI-08201 (73rd Dist. Ct., Bexar Co., Tex. filed May 17, 2012) (motion to dismiss denied)(appeal dismissed by agreement). 23 SLAPP statutes have upheld their constitutionality.54 In fact, California, the statute upon which Texas’ statute was largely patterned after and a state that has had the benefit of 20 years of jurisprudence in this area, has repeatedly upheld the constitutionality of the law.55 The Supreme Court of California, addressing this very concern, held that the Anti-SLAPP statute of that state “does not bar a plaintiff from litigating an action that arises out of the defendant’s free speech or petitioning. It subjects to potential dismissal only those causes of action as to which the plaintiff is unable to show a probability of prevailing on the merits.”56 Finally, Robinson’s argument that the TCPA is unconstitutional because it imposes higher standard of proof is also without merit. See In re Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d 579 (Tex. 2015)(finding clear and specific standard of TCPA is not heightened standard). 54 See, e.g., Equilon Enters. v. Consumer Cause, Inc., 52 P.3d 685, 691 (Cal. 2002). See also Guam Greyhound v. Brizill, No. CVA07-021, 2008 WL 4206682, *3-6 (Guam Sept. 11, 2008) (rejecting argument that statute limited a right to bring a defamation claim); Anderson Dev. Co. v. Tobias, 116 P.3d 323, 338 (Utah 2005) (bill of attainder); Sandholm v. Kuecker, 942 N.E.2d 544, 570-71 (Ill. App. Ct. 2010) (finding that statute did not violate state constitution’s guarantee to a remedy), rev’d on other grounds, 692 N.E. 2d 418 (Ill. 2012); Nexus v. Swift, 785 N.W.2d 771 (Minn. Ct. App. 2010) (addressing due process and right to jury trial); Lee v. Pennington, 830 So.2d 1037, 1041-43 (La. Ct. App. 2002) (rejecting arguments that anti-SLAPP statute violated open access to courts, jury trial and due process); Day v. Farrell, No. 97-2722, 2000 WL 33159180, at *2-4 (R.I. May 15, 2000) (rejecting constitutional challenge to anti-SLAPP law based on access and due process); Hometown Props., Inc. v. Fleming, 680 A.2d 56, 60-64 (R.I. 1996) (addressing numerous challenges, including separation of powers and right of access); Lafayette Morehouse, Inc. v. Chronicle Publ’g Co., 37 Cal. App. 4th 855, 864-68 (1995) (right of access). 55 See, e.g., Equilon Enters., 52 P.3d at 690-94; Lafayette Morehouse, Inc. v. Chronicle Publ’g Co., 37 Cal. App. 4th 855 (1995) (right of access). 56 Equilon Enters., 52 P.3d at 691. 24  Robinson’s challenge as it specifically relates to the fees provision has also been rejected by Texas courts. In Combined Law Enforcement Ass’ns of Texas v. Sheffield, the plaintiff argued that the TCPA’s “mandatory (non-discretionary) fee awards and sanctions upon dismissal” unreasonably restricted a plaintiff’s ability to pursue redress for defamation.57 The Third Court of Appeals rejected the party’s argument and held that the attorney’s fees provision of the TCPA was not unconstitutional because, despite the mandatory nature of the language, “the subsequent language tempers the conditions for making an award with discretionary terms like ‘justice’ and ‘equity’ and ‘sufficient to deter.’” 58 Thus, the provision did not violate the open courts guarantee.59 2. The Trial Court’s Award of Fees, Costs, Expenses, and Sanctions Was in Accordance with the TCPA. The Mandate of this Court in No. 01-12-00372-CV on March 14, 2014 clearly ordered the trial court on remand to: dismiss the case, to award court costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and other expenses incurred in defending against the legal action as justice and equity may require to the appellant, KTRK Television, Inc., and to award sanctions against the appellee, Theaola Robinson, as the court determines sufficient to deter her from bringing similar actions, as required by section 27.009(a) of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code. 57 Combined Law Enforcement Ass’ns of Tex. v. Sheffield, No. 03-13-105-CV, 11 2014 WL 411672, at *9 (Tex. App.—Austin Jan. 31, 2014, pet. denied)(mem. op.). 58 Id. at *19. 59 Id. 25 CR 469. As stated in the Mandate, Section 27.009(a) of the TCPA states that the trial court shall award court costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and other expenses to the movant incurred in defending against the legal action as justice and equity may require. KTRK’s Motion, and its subsequent Amended Motion, not only provided extensive evidence of its requested fees, but offered extensive authority to the trial court as to the attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses that had been previously awarded by other district courts in Texas in accordance with the TCPA. CR 309; 2nd CR ___. A successful anti-SLAPP movant should submit evidentiary proof of the attorney’s fees that includes: ‘(1) the nature of the work, (2) who performed the services and their rate, (3) approximately when the services were performed, and (4) the number of hours worked.’60 In Schimmel v. McGregor, this Court held the 60 Schimmel v. McGregor 438 S.W.3d 847, 863 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, no pet.) (quoting El Apple I, Ltd. v. Olivas, 370 S.W.3d 757, 763 (Tex. 2012)). Reasonableness can also be established by demonstrating: ‘(1) the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved, and the skill required to perform the legal service properly; (2) the likelihood . . . that the acceptance of the particular employment will preclude other employment by the lawyer; (3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services; (4) the amount involved and the results obtained; (5) the time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances; (6) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client; (7) the experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyer or lawyers performing the services; and (8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent on results obtained or uncertainty of collection before the legal services have been rendered.’ Weaver v. Jamar, 383 S.W.3d 805, 813–14 (Tex. App.— Houston [14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.) (quoting Arthur Andersen & Co. v. Perry Equip. Corp., 945 S.W.2d 812, 818 (Tex. 1997)). The movant, however, need not present evidence on each of these factors as “[t]he trial court may also consider the entire record, the evidence presented on reasonableness, the amount in controversy, the common knowledge of the participants as lawyers 26 affidavit evidence submitted by Schimmel stating “the date on which work was performed, the number of hours spent, the particular tasks involved, and the applicable billing rate” sufficiently established reasonable attorney’s fees.61 On appeal, when a denial of an anti-SLAPP motion is reversed, this court (and most of the appellate courts in Texas), typically have remanded the case to the trial court for a determination of attorney’s fees.62 Courts throughout Texas have awarded attorney’s fees as appropriate and reasonable in anti-SLAPP cases. The reported fee awards have ranged from zero to $350,000.63 The largest award to date has been from a Harris County court in the 127th District Court wherein the court awarded $350,000 in attorney’s fees to the defendant–movant after less than a year in the trial court and without any appellate fees.64 The tortured four year history of this case is even more extensive and would anticipate similar fees. Likewise, in Harrison County, the district court awarded a total of $187,310.32 to the defendants and a total of $55,000 in and judges, and the relative success of the parties.” Id. (citing Rapid Settlements, Ltd. v. Settlement Funding, LLC, 358 S.W.3d 777, 786 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.)); see Acad. Corp. v. Interior Buildout & Turnkey Constr., Inc., 21 S.W.3d 732, 742 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, no pet.). 61 Schimmel, 438 S.W.3d at 863. 62 See, e.g., James v. Calkins, 446 S.W.3d 135, 139–40 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, pet. granted); Schimmel, 438 S.W.3d at 862; Newspaper Holdings, Inc. v. Crazy Hotel Assisted Living, Ltd., 416 S.W.3d 71, 90 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied); Better Bus. Bureau of Metro. Hous., Inc. v. John Moore Servs., Inc., 441 S.W.3d 345, 350 (Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied). 63 See, e.g., Schlumberger Ltd. v. Rutherford, No. 01-14-00776-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 25, 2015, no pet. h.) (upholding trial court’s granting of a motion to dismiss and subsequent award to the defendants of $350,000 in attorney’s fees) 64 Id. 27 sanctions after granting the defendants’ anti-SLAPP motions.65 Texas appellate courts consistently have upheld reasonable fee awards in anti-SLAPP matters.66 An award of sanctions is also provided for under the TCPA.67 Sanctions can be particularly appropriate when, as here, the plaintiff has shown a propensity for retaliating against individuals, corporations, or the media for exercising their constitutional rights and has clearly shown an intention to harass via the court system.68 To deter plaintiffs from filing retaliatory legal actions, sanctions sufficient to deter a plaintiff from filing similar claims are appropriate under § 27.009 and may be levied against the party personally, not the plaintiff’s attorney.69 Under the TCPA, courts have “broad discretion to determine what amount is sufficient to deter the party from bringing similar actions in the future”.70 In Kinney v. BCG Attorney Search, Inc., an award of $75,000 in sanctions was upheld because the matters had previously been litigated in a prior action that 65 Head v. Chicory Media, LLC, No. 2013-0040 (714st Dist. Ct., Harrison County, Tex. Sept. 25, 2013), appeal dism’d, 415 S.W.3d 559 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2013, no pet.). 66 See, e.g., Am. Heritage Capital, LP v. Gonzalez, 436 S.W.3d 865, 880–81 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2014, no pet.); Rehak Creative Servs., Inc. v. Witt, 404 S.W.3d 716, 734 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, pet. denied); Ramsey v. Lynch, No. 10-12-00198-CV, 2013 WL 1846886, at *3 (Tex. App.—Waco May 2, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.). 67 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.009(a)(2). 68 Id.; see, e.g., Kinney v. BCG Attorney Search, Inc., No. 03-12-00579-CV, 2014 WL 1432012, at *11 (Tex. App.—Austin Apr. 11, 2014, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (“Section 27.009(a)(2) requires the trial court to award sanctions if it dismisses a claim pursuant to section 27.003 and gives the trial court broad discretion to determine what amount is sufficient to deter the party from bringing similar actions in the future.”). 69 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 27.009(a)(2). 70 Kinney, 2014 WL 1432012, at *12 (upholding a sanctions award of $75,000 based in part on “the broad discretion afforded the trial court by section 27.009”). 28 “resulted in an award of attorney’s fees against [the plaintiff] in the amount of $45,000.”71 The appellate court noted that “[g]iven the history of the litigation, the trial court could have reasonably determined that a lesser sanction would not have served the purpose of deterrence.”72 Courts considering the appropriate amount of sanctions under the statute have awarded between $100 and $350,000.73 Depending upon the tactics employed by the plaintiff, any un-recoupable expenses incurred (such as expenses from prior proceedings), and the need for a deterrent effect, a trial court may award a higher amount.74 Although some trial courts ultimately have denied requests for sanctions,75 all appellate courts to address the issue have determined that the consideration of sanctions is mandatory.76 Here, the 71 Id. 72 Id. 73 See Am. Heritage Capital, 436 S.W.3d at 880-81 (upholding an award of $15,000 in sanctions); Schlumberger Ltd. v. Rutherford, No. 01-14-00776-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] August 25, 2015, no pet. h.) (upheld award of $350,000 in sanctions); Simpton v. High Plains Broad., Inc., No. 2011-13290 (285th Dist. Ct., Bexar County, Tex. July 30, 2012) (awarding $85,000 in sanctions); Head v. Chicory Media, LLC, No. 2013-0040 (714st Dist. Ct., Harrison County, Tex. Sept. 25, 2013) (awarding a total of $55,000 in sanctions), appeal dismissed, 415 S.W.3d 559 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2013, no pet.); Algae Int’l Grp., Inc. v. Stegman, No. DC-13-03933 (44th Dist. Ct., Dallas County, Tex. Sept. 13, 2013) (awarding $29,395.25 in sanctions to the defendants after a nonsuit was filed prior to a hearing on the defendants’ motion to dismiss); In re Thuesen, No. 2012-49262 (151st Dist. Ct., Harris County, Tex. Mar. 4, 2013), appeal docketed, No. 14-13-00523-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]) (awarding $24,000 in sanctions); Rustic Cedar Cabins Inc. v. Cortell, No. 28500 (21st Dist. Ct., Bastrop County, Tex. Sept. 5, 2012) (awarding $500 in sanctions). 74 Schlumberger Ltd. v. Rutherford, No. 01-14-00776-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 25, 2015, no pet. h.) (awarding $250,000 in sanctions after only several months on file). 75 Cruz v. Van Sickle, 452 S.W.3d 503, 519 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2014, pet. denied) (noting that “[t]he trial court denied appellees’ request for sanctions pursuant to section 27.009(2)”). 76 See Am. Heritage Capital, LP, 436 S.W.3d at 881 (“Section 27.009 prescribes that a court that dismisses a legal action under Chapter 27 shall award the movant ‘sanctions against the party who brought the legal action as the court determines sufficient to deter the party who brought the 29 trial court awarded KTRK $100 in sanctions, which is hardly an abuse of discretion. 3. The Trial Court’s Award of Fees, Costs, Expenses, and Sanctions Was in Accordance with the Mandate of This Court. After the mandate was issued, KTRK proceeded to finalize the case in accordance with this Court’s mandate by filing its Motion and Brief in Support of Award of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Court Costs, Expenses, And Sanctions And For Entry Of Final Judgment Pursuant To Chapter 27 Of The Civil Practice And Remedies Code (“Motion”), and setting the Motion for oral hearing. CR 309. In its Motion, KTRK provided extensive evidence of attorney’s fees incurred, as well as authority, in accordance with the requirements of Arthur Andersen & Co. v. Perry Equip. Corp., 945 S.W.2d 812, 818 (Tex. 1997). This included uncontroverted evidence of KTRK’s reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees, costs and expenses that were incurred in defending against Robinson’s claims and causes of action for three years of litigation and appeals, including all billing statements (from two consecutive law firms), and an affidavit from the lead attorney attesting to the amount of the fees and their necessity, in addition to the qualifications of the attorneys involved and a summary of the case history for the benefit of the trial court. Six weeks after filing its Motion, and prior to the hearing legal action from bringing similar actions described in this chapter.’” (quoting Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.009(a)(2)). 30 on the Motion, KTRK filed its Supplemental Affidavit, which contained final fees and costs pertaining to KTRK’s defense, including those final costs and fees involved in preparing for the hearing and responding to Robinson’s final filings. 2nd CR __. The trial court order issued was consistent with the evidence presented to it. The reasonableness of a fee can be established as a matter of law where clear, direct, and uncontroverted evidence is submitted and the opposing party fails to disprove the testimony despite having the opportunity to do so. Cleveland v. Taylor, 397 S.W.3d 683, 701 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied). At the hearing on attorney’s fees, for which Robinson had six weeks prior notice, Robinson failed to submit or provide any controverting evidence regarding KTRK’s Motion. Further, at the oral hearing on the Motion, at which Robinson was present and purported to appear pro se, but at which her prior trial counsel appeared and argued on her behalf (despite previous strenuous attestations that she was pro se), Robinson (and her counsel) offered no argument or evidence in contravention of KTRK’s requested fees.77 77 See CR 557, 607, 609. Although Mr. Bowen filed a Motion to Withdraw in the trial court prior to the hearing on attorney’s fees, Bowen was present at the hearing on attorney’s fees and proceeded to represent Robinson, seemingly at Robinson’s behest. CR 545. Because Bowen had failed to set a hearing on his Motion to Withdraw in accordance with the Harris County Local Rules, the trial court allowed him to proceed on Robinson’s behalf. After the trial court issued its order on fees and final judgment, and one day after Robinson filed a pro se Notice of Appeal, Bowen filed a Motion for New Trial with the trial court which was overruled by operation of law. CR 553, 609, 612. 31  PRAYER For the above reasons, KTRK moves the Court to uphold its prior Opinion in this matter and affirm the October 8, 2014 Order of the trial court, reject Robinson’s appeal, and/or to dismiss Robinson’s appeal because this Court does not have jurisdiction to hear this appeal and/or in accordance with Tex. R. App. P. 42.3(c) because Robinson has failed to comply with the Rules of Appellate Procedure. Respectfully Submitted, HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP /s/ Laura Lee Prather Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Laura.prather@haynesboone.com Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Catherine.robb@haynesboone.com 600 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Facsimile: (512) 867-8470 COUNSEL FOR KTRK TELEVISION, INC., APPELLEE 32  CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE I certify that this document was produced on a computer using Microsoft Word 2010 and contains 11,858 words, as determined by the computer software’s word-count function, excluding the sections of the document listed in Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4(i)(1). /s/ Laura Lee Prather Laura Lee Prather CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing was served on the following parties this the 25th day of September, 2015 via certified mail, return receipt requested: Theaola Robinson 5505 Jensen Drive Houston, Texas 77026 /s/ Laura Lee Prather Laura Lee Prather 33  APPENDIX Pursuant to Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure 38.1(k)(1)(A) and 38.2(a)(2), Appellee attaches the following items to its Appendix: TAB Notice of Appeal filed on October 30, 2014 A Final Judgment and Order on Attorney’s Fees in Robinson v. KTRK, No: 2011-54895, (234th Dist. Ct., Harris County, Tex., October 8, 2014) B Opinion of the First Court of Appeals in No. 01-12-00372-CV, KTRK v. Robinson, 409 S.W.3d 682 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013 reh'g overruled, pet. denied) C Mandate of the First Court of Appeals in No. 01-12-00372-CV, KTRK v. Robinson D Notice from the First Court of Appeals in No. 01-12-00372-CV, KTRK v. Robinson, of the denial of Appellant’s Motion for Rehearing E Notices from the Supreme Court of Texas in No. 13-0809, KTRK v. Robinson, of the denial of Robinson’s Petition for Review and Motion for Rehearing on Petition for Review F Notices from the Supreme Court of Texas in No. 14-0321, In Re Robinson, of the denials of Robinson’s Petition for Writ of Mandamus and Motion for Rehearing on Petition for Writ of Mandamus G Appellee KTRK Television, Inc.’s Motion to Dismiss Appellant’s Appeal and Request to Declare Appellant Robinson A Vexatious Litigant, filed in No. 01-14-008800-CV H 34 Original Complaint in Theaola Robinson v. The Walt Disney Company, Cause No. 4-11-CV- 0358, in the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division I Motion for Leave to Amend and Supplement Complaint in Shenitha Comb, et al. v. Rick Schneider, et al., Cause No. 4-10-CV-03498, in the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division J Nonparty KTRK Television, Inc.’s Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to Amend and Supplement Complaint in Cause No. 4-10- CV-03498 K Notice of Dismissal in Cause No. 4-11-CV-0358 L Memorandum and Order in Cause No. 4-10-CV-03498 M First Amended Original Petition in Cause No. 2011-54895 N Appellee’s Motion to Dismiss For Lack of Jurisdiction, in No. 01-12- 00372-CV O Order of February 22, 2013 in No. 01-12-00372-CV P Notice of Hearing in Cause No. 2011-54895 Q Supplemental Affidavit on Attorney’s Fees in Cause No. 2011-54895 R Plaintiff’s Response to Motion to Dismiss in No. 2011-54895 S Brief of Appellant KTRK Television, Inc. No. 01-12-00372-CV T Appellant’s Brief in Reply in No. 01-12-00372-CV U Appellant’s Response to Appellee’s Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction in No. 01-12-00372-CV V Defendant KTRK Television Inc.’s Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Chapter 27 Anti-SLAPP Motion in Cause No. 2011-54895 W 35 Anti-SLAPP Statute X 36  APPENDIX TAB A: Notice of Appeal filed on October 30, 2014  p /_. H ~l ~I ·i, ,·/. .... ·'ll11 ''I{}, .... 0 r.;? N CAUSE NO. 20115489,i.5 ,~a ' 0 "1 P,y '.... 0 THEAOLA ROBINSON § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF l.·Jl~ .. § P 4111 Hatdo C::'" 1m By ~/;-. . Depvtw 7  CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE In accordance with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure I certify that a copy of this Notice of Appeal was served on Respondent KTRK Channel 13 through counsel of record, Laura Lee Prather of Haynes & Boone by US. Mail certified mail, via email, and facsimile on October 28, 2014. Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Haynes and Boone LLP 600 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Facsimile: (512) 867-8470 Emai I: lnuru.pruthcr@hayrn."Sboone.com Respectfully submitted, ---"Isl_ _ __ Thcaola Robinson 5505 Jensen Drive Houston, Texas 77028 832-250-4444 bcnji's@wt.net 8  APPENDIX TABB: Final Judgment and Order on Attorney's Fees in Robinson v. KTRK, No: 2011-54895, (234th Dist. Ct., Harris County, Tex., October 8, 2014)  8/14/2014 5:58:21 PM Chris Daniel • District Clerk Harris County Envelope No: 2167749 By: CORNETI, LAWANDA THEAOLA ROBINSON, CAUSE NO. 2011-54895 § § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF -gt;r~ Plaintiff, § v. § § HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS Aff£X THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY; § ~fi'tJlX CC TEXAS HOLDING CO., INC.; and, § KTRK TELEVISION, INC. § § Defendants. § 234TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT ORDER AND FINAL JUDGMENT On this day, came to be considered Defendant KTRK Television, Inc.'s ("KTRK") Motion and Bnef In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Court Costs, Expenses, And Sanct10ns And For Entry Of Final Judgment Pursuant To Chapter 27 Of The Civil Practice And Remedies Code. The Court having considered the Motion, the Plaintiffs response thereto, if any, the arguments of counsel, if any, and the pleadings on file, is of the opinion that the Motion is well taken and should be GRANTED in its entirety. It 1s therefore, ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that Defendant KTRK's Motion and Brief In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Court Costs, Expenses, And Sanctions And For Entry Of Final Judgment Pursuant To Chapter 27 Of The Civil Practice And Remedies Code, be and 1s ~Nl'f p.J C'o"""""') hereby GRANTED in~· It is further; ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that the Affidavit of Laura Prather, attached . '. to the Motion as Exhibit A, and that the Exhibit No. A-1 attached to such affidavit are hereby ADMITTED into evidence in their entirety. lt is further, ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that Defendant KTRK recover from Plaintiff Theaola Robinson for such amounts: RECORDER'S MEMORANDUM This instrument 1s of poor quail\)' pe,/;- I at the lime of 1maqmq 4 ·.  1. $ ) $ \ , Co&~. J~ for attorneys' fees, an amount which the Court finds to be reasonable and necessary based on the evidence admitted and considered in this cause; 2.$"38'\s.io for expenses, an amount which this Court finds to be reasonable and necessary based on the evidence admitted and considered in this cause; and 3. $ '"31 }3. ~) in court costs. It is fmther, ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that Defendant KTRK recover from Plaintiff Theaola Robinson $ ' 00 • 02> In sanctions under Civil Practice and Remedies Code §27.009(a)(2), an amount which, based on the evidence admitted and considered in this case, the Court finds to be sufficient and necessary to deter Plamhff from bringing similar actions described by Chapter 27 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. It is further, ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that Plaintiff shall pay post-judgment interest on all of the above at the rate of S /. , compounded annually, from the date this judgment is entered until all amounts are paid in full. It is further, ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that if Plaintiff unsuccessfully appeals this judgment to an intennediate court of appeals, Defendant will additionally recover from Plaintiff the amount of $_25~ 090 , representing the anticipated reasonably and necessary fees and expenses that would be incuITed by Defendant in defending the appeal. It is further, ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that if Plaintiff unsuccessfully appeals this judgment to the Texas Supreme Court, Defendant will additionally recover from Plaintiff the amount of $ ;) S, oo :; , representing the anticipated reasonably and necessary fees and expenses that would be incurred by Defendant in defending the appeal. It is further, 2 5  ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that Plamtiff Theaola Robinson TAKE NOTHING on her claims against Defendant KTRK, and that all such claims are hereby DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE. THIS TS A FINAL JUDGMENT. ALL RELIEF NOT EXPRESSLY GRANTED HEREIN IS DENIED. The Court orders execution to issue for this judgment. SIGNED this _1_ day of CXJ\.o)c-. , 2014 OCT - 8·2014 3 6  APPENDIX TAB C: Opinion of the First Court of Appeals in No. 01-12-00372- CV, KTRK v. Robinson, 409 S.W.3d 682 (Tex. App.- Houston [1st Dist.] 2013 reh'g overruled, pet. denied) Opinion issued July 11, 2013 In The QCourt of ~pealj For The NO. 01-12-00372-CV KTRK TELEVISION, INC., Appellant v. THEAOLA ROBINSON, Appellee On Appeal from the 234th District Court Harris County, Texas Trial Court Case No. 2011-54895 OPINION Following a senes of news reports by KTRK Television, Inc. alleging financial mismanagement, Benji's Special Education Academy ("BSEA"), a charter school, and Theaola Robinson sued KTRK. KTRK moved to dismiss the action pursuant to the then-recently enacted Texas Citizens Participation Act ("TCPA"). 1 In a written order, the trial court denied the motion. In five issues, KTRK contends that the trial court erred in denying KTRK' s motion to dismiss. In her brief, the school's former director and superintendent, Robinson, also challenges this Court's jurisdiction to consider KTRK' s appeal. 2 We hold that we have jurisdiction over this appeal, that the trial court erred by denying KTRK's motion to dismiss, and we reverse. Background A. The Charter School In May 1980, Robinson founded BSEA, a non-profit corporation, to provide a day care and education for special needs children ("Benji's"). In November 1998, the Texas State Board of Education ("SBOE") granted BSEA a charter to operate Benji's as an open-enrollment, publicly funded pre-K through twelfth grade charter school. 3 As such, compliance with the laws governing public schools was required. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.§§ 27.001-.011 (West Supp. 2012). 2 BSEA is no longer a party to this case. 3 The original plaintiffs in this suit were BSEA, the non-profit corporation that ran the charter school, and Robinson. Although both the school and the corporation use the name "Benji's" or "Benji's Special Education Academy," Benji's (the school) was never a plaintiff. Robinson amended her petition and dropped BSEA from the case, leaving Robinson as the sole plaintiff. As a result, Robinson is the sole appellee. 2  By the mid-2000s, Benji's enrollment had increased nearly five-fold and, on behalf of BSEA, Robinson applied for a renewal of the charter to the Texas Education Agency ("TEA") in April 2003. The TEA refused action on the application, however, pending resolution of BSEA's growing list of problems. Indeed, five years later, the renewal application was still pending and, in December 2008, the TEA informed Robinson that it would remain pending until resolution of BSEA's problems in the following areas: financial management, academic performance, performance-based monitoring activities, audit requirements, and special education laws and policies. By letter dated July 8, 2010, TEA Commissioner Robert Scott notified Robinson that in light of longstanding academic, governance, and financial concerns, and despite numerous agency investigations and interventions, the TEA intended to appoint a Board of Managers and a new Superintendent for the school. Following a hearing on August 19, 2010, Robinson and Benji's board of directors were notified on September 3, 2010, that the TEA would proceed to appoint a Board of Managers and Superintendent, which appointments effectively suspended any and all prior grants of authority to the former board of directors and Robinson. On September 16, 2010, after the TEA had learned of the extent of the financial problems at Benji's, it issued an Order Suspending Charter Operations and Funds, stating, in relevant part, as follows: 3  [The urgent financial conditions at Benji's were not] known either to the board of managers or to the new superintendent when they met on September 6, 2010. Rather, the information leading to the conclusion that an urgent financial condition may exist at the charter school was disclosed by painstaking effort to assemble and evaluate information that had not been viewed by the former administration as indicating such a conclusion. Subsequent events have made plain that the former administration continues to maintain that there was and is no urgent financial condition presented by these facts. The newly appointed Superintendent advised the parents by letter of the immediate suspension of the school's operations. The letter cited the school's critical cash flow problem, which included a virtually depleted bank account and numerous outstanding debts (including one to the Internal Revenue Service), as the reason that "the school cannot continue to operate as it does not have the necessary funds to pay its staff members or meet its current financial obligations." Despite having been relieved of her duties as superintendent, Robinson directed staff to continue reporting to work as usual and asked parents to continue sending their children to school. Robinson also conducted a televised press conference at which she stated that she would not allow the new superintendent to carry out the TEA's decision and that the school would remain open despite the board's decision. Notwithstanding the State-mandated closure, on September 15, 2010, Robinson re-opened Benji's as an unaccredited private school using the same public school property and buses. 4  The next day, TEA Commissioner Scott ordered the immediate suspension of all of Benji's funding as well as its open-enrollment charter. Commissioner Scott subsequently sent a letter to Robinson and BSEA's board outlining the various grounds for revoking Benji's charter, including its "failure to satisfy generally accepted accounting standards of fiscal management." The letter detailed examples of the school's fiscal mismanagement, which had resulted in significant wasting of financial resources. Examples of Benji's financial problems while under Robinson's direction included the following: (1) BSEA was the subject of a warrant hold following its nonpayment to the Teachers Retirement System in the amount of $43,000 for retirement contributions and $13,000 in health coverage; (2) The Department of Agriculture cancelled BSEA's participation in child nutrition programs because of BSEA's failure to demonstrate fiscal responsibility; (3)BSEA owed a debt of$87,000 to the IRS in unpaid taxes; (4) BSEA's board failed to oversee or adequately supervise its financial resources; and (5)BSEA had been in poor financial condition for many years. In his letter, the TEA Commissioner also noted the irregularities in Benji's rental arrangement and payments: BSEA leased the property from the City of Houston for $1 per year and re-leased this same property to Benji's for $9,000 per month, an arrangement for which the City had never given its permission. 5  B. KTRK's Statements at Issue A public outcry ensued over the charter revocation and the school's closing. Several local media outlets-including KTRK-broadcast and posted numerous reports about the ongoing controversy. KTRK's reports included the following statements upon which Robinson bases her defamation claim: (1) "According to the State[,] millions in taxpayer dollars cannot be accounted for" and "[t]he State closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the State doesn't know where over three million dollars of taxpayer money given last year has been spent." (4:30 p.m., September 15, 2010 broadcast) 4 (2)"For the State, the issue is simple-where is the money? They say millions of taxpayer dollars are unaccounted for . . . The State closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the State doesn't know where the more than $3 million of taxpayer money given last year has been spent .... " (September 15, 2010 article published on KTRK's website) (3) "Where is taxpayer money going and how is a taxpayer-owned building being used? . . . The Texas Education Agency says it doesn't know how Benji's spent $3 million of taxpayer money, and a lease agreement obtained by Eyewitness News raises even new questions." (September 25, 2010 article published on KTRK's website) (4) "The Texas Education Agency doesn't know how the academy spent $3 million of state money." (September 27, 2010 article published on KTRK's website) (5) "The [S]tate says it had no choice, alleging Benji's did not provide proper financial records to account for over $3 million in state 4 As an exhibit to its Motion to Dismiss, KTRK attached the affidavit of KTRK reporter Cynthia Cisneros. In her affidavit, Cisneros states "I was [] informed by the TEA that Benji's had received $3.3 million in 2009-2010." 6  funding for the past year." (September 30, 2010 article published on KTRKs website) (6) "On September 14, the TEA ordered Benji's Academy to close, citing millions of dollars in State funding that was not accounted for." (October 11, 2010 article published on KTRK's website) C. Trial Court Proceedings On September 14, 2011, Robinson and BSEA sued KTRK for defamation. 5 On December 21, 2011, KTRK filed a motion to dismiss under the TCP A. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §§ 27.001-.011 (West Supp. 2012). KTRK argued that it was entitled to dismissal because (1) plaintiffs' claim was based on, related to, or in response to KTRK's exercise of its right of free speech, and (2) plaintiffs could not establish by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each essential element of their case. Robinson filed a response. 6 Both parties attached affidavits and other evidence to their pleadings. The trial court conducted a hearing on February 13, 2012. On February 23, 2012, the trial court entered an amended order denying KTRK's motion to dismiss. On February 29, 2012, KTRK filed its request for findings and conclusions regarding the court's denial of its motion to dismiss. On March 20, 2012, the trial 5 Robinson originally filed this suit against KTRK's parent company, The Walt Disney Company, in federal court. After the suit was dismissed, Robinson attempted to add Disney and KTRK to a federal lawsuit against the TEA in which she had joined. The federal court denied leave to add Disney and KTRK as defendants in the federal action. 6 BSEA was no longer a plaintiff in the case. 7 court issued its "Findings of Fact In Connection with CPRC §27.007." KTRK timely appealed. Discussion A. Appellate Jurisdiction As a threshold matter, we address Robinson's contention that we do not have jurisdiction over this interlocutory appeal. See Tex. Dep 't of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 228 (Tex. 2004) ("[A] court must not proceed on the merits of a case until legitimate challenges to its jurisdiction have been decided.") Generally, courts of appeals have jurisdiction only over appeals from final judgments. Lehmann v. Har-Con Corp., 39 S.W.3d 191, 195 (Tex. 2001). Further, appellate courts have jurisdiction over interlocutory orders only when that authority is explicitly granted by statute. Tex. A & M Univ. Sys. v. Koseogtu, 233 S.W.3d 835, 840 (Tex. 2007). Statutes authorizing interlocutory appeals are strictly construed because they are a narrow exception to the general rule that interlocutory orders are not immediately appealable. CMH Homes v. Perez, 340 S.W.3d 444, 447 (Tex. 2011). Section 27.008 of the TCPA, entitled "Appeal," provides: (a) If a court does not rule on a motion to dismiss under Section 27.003 in the time prescribed by Section 27.005, the motion is considered to have been denied by operation of law and the moving party may appeal. 8  (b) An appellate court shall expedite an appeal or other writ, whether interlocutory or not, from a trial court's order on a motion to dismiss a legal action under Section 27.003 or from a trial court's failure to rule on that motion in the time prescribed by Section 27.005. (c) An appeal or other writ under this section must be filed on or before the 60th day after the date the trial court's order is signed or the time prescribed by Section 27.005 expires, as applicable. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.§ 27.008. Robinson relies on the Fort Worth Court of Appeals's decision in Jennings v. Wallbuilders Presentations, Inc. to argue that although section 27.008(a) authorizes an interlocutory appeal when a movant's motion to dismiss is denied by operation of law, the TCPA does not authorize an interlocutory appeal of a trial court's signed order denying a motion to dismiss. See Jennings, 378 S.W.3d 519, 524-27 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 2012, pet. filed). There, the court held that the language in the TCPA conferred jurisdiction to review a decision under the TCP A, but only if the motion is denied by operation of law, and not if the trial court signs an order denying the motion. See id. at 526-27. The Jennings court concluded that the legislature intended to ensure that a court would review and rule on the motion, but not that its ruling would be subject to appellate review. See id. at 527. Since Jennings, several other courts of appeals have considered the issue. In Direct Commercial Funding, Inc. v. Beacon Hill Estates, LLC, the Fourteenth Court of Appeals declined to follow Jennings. See No. 14-12-00896-CV, 2013 9 WL 407029 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] Jan. 24, 2013, order). The Beacon Hill Estates court noted that section 27.008(b) requires an appellate court to "expedite an appeal or other writ, whether interlocutory or not, from a trial court order on a motion to dismiss ... or from a trial court's failure to rule." Id. at *3. The court reasoned that "[i]f no interlocutory appeal is available when the trial court expressly rules on a motion to dismiss by signing an order, then the phrase 'from a trial court order on a motion to dismiss' appearing after the phrase 'whether interlocutory or not' is rendered meaningless." Id. The court further concluded the most natural reading of the phrase "whether interlocutory or not" is to read it as modifying both of the subsequent references to "a trial court order" and "a trial court's failure to rule." Id. Finally, the court noted that section 27.008(c) states an appeal "must be filed on or before the 60th day after the date the trial court's order is signed or the time prescribed by section 27.005 expires, as applicable." Id. at *4. The court concluded that "[i]f no signed order can be the subject of an interlocutory appeal, then the reference to the date on which 'the trial court's order is signed' also is superfluous." Id. The Fifth and Thirteenth Courts of Appeals have since adopted the Fourteenth Court of Appeals's interpretation of section 27.008. See Better Bus. Bureau of Metro. Dallas, Inc. v. BH DFW, Inc.,_ S.W.3d _, No. 05-12-00587-CV, 2013 WL 2077636, at *6 (Tex. App.-Dallas May 15, 2013, no pet. h.) (finding reasoning of Fourteenth Court of Appeals 10 persuasive and concluding that it had jurisdiction under TCPA over interlocutory appeal of trial court's order denying defendant's motion to dismiss); San Jacinto Title Svcs., LLC v. Kingsley Props., LP., _ S.W.3d _, No. 13-12-00352-CV, 2013 WL 1786632, at *4 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi Apr. 25, 2013, no pet. h.) (agreeing with Fourteenth Court of Appeals that to conclude that no signed order can be subject of interlocutory appeal would render portions of section 27.008(b) and (c) meaningless). We agree with the Fourteenth Court of Appeals's reasoning in Beacon Hill Estates. We conclude that section 27.008 permits an interlocutory appeal from the trial court's written order denying a motion to dismiss under the TCPA. B. Application of the TCPA In enacting the TCPA, the Legislature explained that the statute's purpose "is to encourage and safeguard the constitutional rights of persons to petition, speak freely, associate freely, and otherwise participate in government to the maximum extent permitted by law and, at the same time, protect the rights of a person to file meritorious lawsuits for demonstrable injury." TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.002. The statute is to "be construed liberally to effectuate its purpose and intent fully." Id. § 27.01 l(b ). In deciding whether to grant a motion under the TCPA and dismiss the lawsuit, the statute directs the trial court to "consider the pleadings and supporting 11 and opposing affidavits stating the facts on which the liability or defense is based." Id. § 27.006. The court must then determine whether (1) the moving defendant has shown "by a preponderance of the evidence that the legal action is based on, relates to, or is in response to the party's exercise of the right of free speech, the right to petition, or the right of association"; and (2) the plaintiff has shown "by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each essential element of the claim in question." Id § 27.005(b), (c). The first step of this inquiry is a legal question we review de novo. Newspaper Holdings, Inc. v. Crazy Hotel Assisted Living, Ltd, No. 01-12-00581-CV, 2013 WL 1867104, at *6 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] May 2, 2013, no pet. h.). The Legislature's use of the term "prima facie case" in the second step implies a minimal factual burden: "[a] prima facie case represents the minimum quantity of evidence necessary to support a rational inference that the allegation of fact is true." Id. at *6 (quoting Rodriguez v. Printone Color Corp., 982 S.W.2d 69, 72 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, pet. denied)). Nonetheless, the statute requires that the proof offered address and support each "essential element" of every claim asserted with "clear and specific evidence." See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.005(b), (c). Because the statute does not define "clear and specific" evidence, these terms are given their ordinary meaning. See TGS- NOP EC Geophysical Co. v. Combs, 340 S.W.3d 432, 439 (Tex. 2011). "Clear" 12 means "unambiguous," "sure," or "free from doubt." BLACK'S LA w DICTIONARY 268 (8th ed. 2004). "Specific" means "explicit" or "relating to a particular named thing." Id. at 1167. Accordingly, we examine the pleadings and the evidence to determine whether Robinson marshaled "clear and specific" evidence to support each alleged element of her cause of action. As a preliminary matter, we note that Robinson has never asserted, either in the trial court below or on appeal, that her claim is not covered by the TCPA. That is, she does not argue that her defamation claim is not based on, related to, or in response to KTRK's exercise of its right to "petition, speak freely, associate freely, and otherwise participate in government to the maximum extent permitted by law." As such, we begin with the second step of the inquiry-whether Robinson has demonstrated by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each essential element of her claim. C. Prima Facie Case To maintain a defamation cause of action, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant (1) published a statement; (2) that was defamatory concerning the plaintiff; (3) while acting with either actual malice, if the plaintiff was a public official or public figure, or with negligence, if the plaintiff was a private individual, regarding the truth of the statement. WFAA-TV, Inc. v. Mclemore, 978 S.W.2d 568, 571 (Tex. 1998). "Whether words are capable of the defamatory 13 meaning the plaintiff attributes to them is a question of law for the court." Carr v. Brasher, 776 S.W.2d 567, 569 (Tex. 1989). Questions of law are subject to de novo review. In re Humphreys, 880 S.W.2d 402, 404 (Tex. 1994). Whether a publication is an actionable statement of fact depends on its verifiability and the context in which it was made. See Bentley v. Bunton, 94 S.W.3d 561, 581 (Tex. 2002). Defamatory Statement Robinson argues that she has demonstrated that KTRK "made up" the complained-of statements and, in doing so, has established a prima facie case of defamation per se. KTRK contends that Robinson failed to establish with clear and specific evidence that the complained-of statements were defamatory per se. We initially address KTRK's contention that Robinson has alleged only a claim of defamation per se. Defamation claims are divided into two categories- defamation per se and defamation per quad-according to the level of proof required to make them actionable. See Texas Disposal Sys. Landfill, Inc. v. Waste Mgmt. Holdings, Inc., 219 S.W.3d 563, 580 (Tex. App.-Austin 2007, pet. denied). Statements that are defamatory per quad are actionable only upon allegation and proof of damages. Id. at 580; Alaniz v. Hoyt, 105 S.W.3d 330, 345 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2003, no pet.). That is, before a plaintiff can recover for defamation per quad, she must carry her burden of proof as to both the 14 defamatory nature of the statement and the amount of damages caused by its publication. See Texas Disposal, 219 S.W.3d at 580 (citing Leyendecker & Assocs., Inc. v. Wechter, 683 S.W.2d 369, 374 (Tex. 1984)). By contrast, in cases involving defamation per se, damages are presumed to flow from the nature of the defamation itself and, in most situations, a plaintiff injured by a defamatory per se communication is entitled to recover general damages without specific proof of the existence of harm. Bentley, 94 S.W.3d at 604 ("Our law presumes that statements that are defamatory per se injure the victim's reputation and entitle him to recover general damages, including damages for loss of reputation and mental anguish."). KTRK argues that Robinson neither pleaded nor presented any proof of the amount of alleged damages, and thus, her claim is one for defamation per se only. In her petition, Robinson alleged that KTRK's statements damaged her reputation. In her prayer, Robinson sought judgment "[f]or libel per se damages found by the trier of fact without proof of special damages [and] for actual damages and exemplary damages for malicious libel .... " In her appellate brief, Robinson does not dispute KTRK's contention that her claim sounds only in defamation per se. Indeed, she asserts that she has "established by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case on each element of her claim that the complained of statements were defamatory per se." Based upon the record before us, we agree that Robinson has 15 defamatory nature of the statement and the amount of damages caused by its publication. See Texas Disposal, 219 S.W.3d at 580 (citing Leyendecker & Assocs., Inc. v. Wechter, 683 S.W.2d 369, 374 (Tex. 1984)). By contrast, in cases involving defamation per se, damages are presumed to flow from the nature of the defamation itself and, in most situations, a plaintiff injured by a defamatory per se communication is entitled to recover general damages without specific proof of the existence of ham1. Bentley, 94 S. W.3d at 604 ("Our law presumes that statements that are defamatory per se injure the victim's reputation and entitle him to recover general damages, including damages for loss of reputation and mental anguish."). KTRK argues that Robinson neither pleaded nor presented any proof of the amount of alleged damages, and thus, her claim is one for defamation per se only. In her petition, Robinson alleged that KTRK's statements damaged her reputation. In her prayer, Robinson sought judgment "[f]or libel per se damages found by the trier of fact without proof of special damages [and] for actual damages and exemplary damages for malicious libel .... " In her appellate brief, Robinson does not dispute KTRK's contention that her claim sounds only in defamation per se. Indeed, she asserts that she has "established by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case on each element of her claim that the complained of statements were defamatory per se." Based upon the record before us, we agree that Robinson has 15 not alleged a claim for defamation per quad and, therefore, our analysis treats upon Robinson's claim as one for defamation per se. The law presumes certain categories of statements are defamatory per se, including statements that ( 1) unambiguously charge a crime, dishonesty, fraud, rascality, or general depravity or (2) are falsehoods that injure one in his office, business, profession, or occupation. Main v. Royall, 348 S.W.3d 381, 390 (Tex. App.---Dallas 2011, no pet.). Robinson complains of the following statements made by KTRK: (1) "According to the State[,] millions in taxpayer dollars cannot be accounted for" and "[t]he State closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the State doesn't know where over three million dollars of taxpayer money given last year has been spent." (4:30 p.m., September 15, 2010 broadcast) (2)"For the State, the issue is simple-where is the money? They say millions of taxpayer dollars are unaccounted for . . . The State closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the State doesn't know where the more than $3 million of taxpayer money given last year has been spent .... " (September 15, 2010 article published on KTRK's website) (3) "Where is taxpayer money going and how is a taxpayer-owned building being used? . . . The Texas Education Agency says it doesn't know how Benji's spent $3 million of taxpayer money, and a lease agreement obtained by Eyewitness News raises even new questions." (September 25, 2010 article published on KTRK's website) (4) "The Texas Education Agency doesn't know how the academy spent $3 million of state money." (September 27, 2010 article published on KTRK's website) 16  (5) "The [S]tate says it had no choice, alleging Benji's did not provide proper financial records to account for over $3 million in state funding for the past year." (September 30, 2010 article published on KTRKs website) (6) "On September 14, the TEA ordered Benji's Academy to close, citing millions of dollars in state funding that was not accounted for." (October 11, 2010 article published on KTRK's website) Robinson argues these statements to be defamatory per se because they insinuate that she embezzled over $3 million and thereby falsely imputed criminal behavior to her. Robinson also contends that KTRK's statements have damaged her reputation and, in support of her argument, points to the following third-party comments posted by readers on KTRK's website in response to the broadcasts and articles: • "Call and ask where the money went. I'm sure Theola [sic] Robinson tell you." • "Could it be in somebody's pockets?" • "Ms. Robinson should be arrested, not because she's black, because she's a thief1" • "I am just amazed as to why the parents are not suing Theaola Robinson and the old Board of Director[s], they are the ones who are stealing their children's future .... " • "You bet they want to keep it open, if its [sic] closed an investigation will show they were all taking money not to mention they won't be able to afford their new house, Hummer and boat payments the school and taxpayers were helping to buy." 17  • "The state is not to blame here. They need to sue the administrators to find out where the money is followed by prosecution of those who may have 'mis-spent' it. Put blame where blame is due!" • "Simple! No money! Can not account for $9 million! Close the doors and take the administrators to court for mis-use of government (your) money .... " • "The only thing organized about this plan is the organized crime." • "The parents are supporting the administrators who have a little charisma along with a talent for lining their pockets .... " • "The mgmt. of this facility will continue to steal under the guide [sic] of a school, where the kids will continue to suffer." Robinson's reliance on third-party comments posted on KTRK's comment board to prove defamation per se is misplaced. To be defamatory per se, the defamatory nature of the challenged statement must be apparent on its face without reference to extrinsic facts or "innuendo." Moore v. Walthrop, 166 S.W.3d 380, 386 (Tex. App.-Waco 2005, no pet.) (noting that "the very definition of 'per se,' 'in and of itself,' precludes the use of innuendo"). If the court must resort to innuendo or extrinsic evidence to determine whether a statement is defamatory, then it is defamation per quad and requires proof of injury and damages. Main, 348 S.W.3d at 390. There is nothing intrinsically defamatory about KTRK's reports on the State's investigation into Benji's mismanaged funds. The reports did not say or imply that the entire $3 million in state funds had been 18 misappropriated or embezzled. Rather, the statements speak to the insufficiency of financial records to account for spent state funds. Similarly, the September 25th broadcast questioning the lease situation neither states nor implies that state funds were misappropriated. Further, the evidence shows that the TEA's longstanding concern about and subsequent investigation into Benji's accounting resulted in the suspension and, ultimately, the revocation of the school's charter due to the urgent financial conditions and its fiscal mismanagement. Thus, KTRK's reports that the State found Benji's financial records insufficient to fully account for the money spent, and that the State did not know how the money had been spent, were based on evidence that Robinson did not counter. Media defendants cannot be liable for varying subjective impressions that may have been generated from the broadcast of true statements. See ABC, Inc. v. Gill, 6 S.W.3d 19, 35-38 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1999, pet. denied). Robinson also argues that because KTRK's broadcasts on questions of financial mismanagement reported the amount of total funding, the statements falsely suggest that she failed to account for any of it, when, in fact, she did provide records to show how part of the funds were spent. KTRK's reports, however, never recited that she had failed to account for any of it, but that the TEA had found the records provided were insufficient to account for the full amount. 19 Moreover, discrepancies as to details do not demonstrate material falsity for defamation purposes. See, e.g., Dolcefino v. Turner, 987 S.W.3d 100, 115 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998), ajf'd, 38 S.W.3d 103 (Tex. 2000) (showing that insurance fraud "scam" involved $1.7 million, rather than $6.5 million, did not demonstrate falsity of statement); Rogers v. Dallas Morning News, Inc., 889 S.W.2d 467, 471-73 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1994, writ denied) (misstatement that charity spent 10% of its donations on actual services, rather than 43%, was immaterial to gist of articles concerning misuse of charity funds); Finklea v. Jacksonville Daily Progress, 742 S.W.2d 512, 514-15 (Tex. App.-Tyler 1987, writ dism'd w.o.j.) (misstatement that plaintiff had four drug convictions, rather than two, was substantially true); Shihab v. Express-News Corp., 604 S.W.2d 204, 206-08 (Tex. Civ. App.-San Antonio 1980, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (inaccurate designation of which of several news stories was fabricated was insignificant where the main charge was fabrication and one story was fabricated); Downer v. Amalgamated Meatcutters & Butcher Workmen of N Am., 550 S.W.2d 744, 747 (Tex. Civ. App.-Dallas 1977, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (misstatement that plaintiff embezzled $2,187.77, rather than $840.73, was substantially true); Fort Worth Press Co. v. Davis, 96 S.W.2d 416, 419-20 (Tex. Civ. App.-Fort Worth 1936, writ ref'd) (article charging official with wasting $80,000 of tax money rather than only $17, 500 was substantially true). 20  In sum, there is nothing in the complained-of statements that unambiguously charged Robinson with engaging in criminal behavior or constituted a falsehood that injured her in her profession. Because Robinson has not adduced clear and specific evidence that the challenged statements made by KTRK in its broadcasts and reports are defamatory per se, she has not made a prima facie case for each essential element of her defamation claim against KTRK. See TEX. C1v. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.§ 27.005 (b), (c) (West Supp. 2012). Conclusion Having concluded that we have jurisdiction over this interlocutory appeal and that Robinson failed to sustain her burden to show a prima facie case for each essential element of her defamation claim, we reverse the trial court's denial of KTRK's motion to dismiss, and remand the case to the trial court for further proceedings as required by the statute to order dismissal of the suit. See TEX. C1v. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.§ 27.009(a). Jim Sharp Justice Panel consists of Justices Bland, Sharp, and Massengale. 21  APPENDIX TAB D: Mandate of the First Court of Appeals in No. 01-12-00372- CV, KTRK v. Robinson  MANDATE QI::ourt of ~peals jfitst llisttitt of «exas NO. 01-12-00372-CV KTRK TELEVISION, INC., Appellant v. THEAOLA ROBINSON, Appellee Appeal from the 234th District Comi of Han-is County. (Tr. Ct. No. 2011-54895). TO THE 234TH DISTRICT COURT OF HARRIS COUNTY, GREETINGS: Before this Court, on the 1 lth day of July 2013, the case upon appeal to revise or to reverse your judgment was determined. This Court made its order in these words: This case is an appeal from the order signed by the trial court on February 23, 2012. After submitting the case on the appellate record and the arguments properly raised by the parties, the Comi holds that there was reversible error in the trial court's judgment. Accordingly, the Court reverses the trial court's judgment and remands the case with instructions for the trial court to dismiss the case, to award court costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and other expenses incurred in defending against the legal action as justice and equity may require to the appellant, KTRK Television, Inc., and to award sanctions against the appellee, Theaola Robinson, as the court determines sufficient to deter her from bringing similar actions, as required by section 27.009(a) of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code. The Court orders that the appellee, Theaola Robinson, pay all appellate costs. The Court orders that this decision be certified below for observance. Judgment rendered July 11, 2013.  Panel consists of Justices Bland, Sharp, and Massengale. Opinion delivered by Justice Sharp. WHEREFORE, WE COMMAND YOU to observe the order of our said Comi in this behalf and in all things to have it duly recognized, obeyed, and executed. March 14, 2014 Date CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE CLERK OF THE COURT  APPENDIX TAB E: Notice from the First Court of Appeals in No. 01-12-00372- CV, KTRK v. Robinson, of the denial of Appellant's Motion for Rehearing  Fii.I: ('CW\ ~ FIRST COURT OF APPEALS ~· ·ti 301 Fannin Street ';···~:::-.;t::.:",j Houston, Texas 77002-2066 August 21, 2013 RE: Case No. 01-12-00372-CV Style: KTRK Television, Inc. v. Theaola Robinson Please be advised the Court today DENIED Appellee's motion for rehearing in the above referenced cause. Panel consists of: Justices Bland, Sharp and Massengale T. C. Case # 1154895 Christopher A. Prine, Clerk of the Court Berry D. Bowen Berry Dunbar Bowen 3014 Brazos St Houston, TX 77006 DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL ~'"+.,, FIRST COURT OF APPEALS ·~ 301 Fannin Street \': · / Houston, Texas 77002-2066 ...:~t.·:.·· August 21, 2013 RE: Case No. 01-12-00372-CV Style: KTRK Television, Inc. v. Theaola Robinson Please be advised the Court today DENIED Appellee's motion for rehearing in the above referenced cause. Panel consists of: Justices Bland, Sharp and Massengale T. C. Case # 1154895 Christopher A. Prine, Clerk of the Court Laura Lee Prather Haynes & Boone, L.L.P. 600 Congress Ave., Suite 1300 Austin, TX 78701 DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL  ~'t'if'>l'.·:;:, FIRST COURT OF APPEALS ~~~~ 301 Fannin Street '; ~~/ .. Houston, Texas 77002-2066 '1.,::;-~t,·:,'! August 21, 2013 RE: Case No. 01-12-00372-CV Style: KTRK Television, Inc. v. Theaola Robinson Please be advised the Court today DENIED Appellee's motion for rehearing in the above referenced cause. Panel consists of: Justices Bland, Sharp and Massengale T. C. Case # 1154895 Christopher A. Prine, Clerk of the Court Catherine Lewis Robb Haynes & Boone, L.L.P. 600 Congress Ave., Suite 1300 Austin, TX 78701 DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL  APPENDIX TAB F: Notices from the Supreme Court of Texas in No. 13-0809, KTRK v. Robinson, of the denial of Robinson's Petition for Review and Motion for Rehearing on Petition for Review  RE: Case No. 13-0809 DATE: 1/17/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 2011-54895 STYLE:THEAOLA ROBINSON v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the petition for review in the above-referenced case. MR. CHRIS DANIEL HARRIS COUNTY DISTRICT CLERK 201 CAROLINE, SUITE 420 HOUSTON, TX 77002  RE: Case No. 13-0809 DATE: 1/17/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 2011-54895 STYLE:THEAOLA ROBINSON v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the petition for review in the above-referenced case. MS. LAURA LEE PRATHER HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP 600 CONGRESS AVENUE, SUITE 1300 AUSTIN, TX 78701  RE: Case No. 13-0809 DATE: 1/17/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 2011-54895 STYLE:THEAOLA ROBINSON v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the petition for review in the above-referenced case. MR. BERRY D. BOWEN BOWEN I LAWYERS 3014 BRAZOS STREET HOUSTON, TX 77006  RE: Case No. 13-0809 DATE: 1/17/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 2011-54895 STYLE:THEAOLA ROBINSON v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the petition for review in the above-referenced case. MR. CHRISTOPHER PRINE CLERK, FIRST COURT OF APPEALS 301 FANNIN HOUSTON, TX 77002  RE: Case No. 13-0809 DATE: 3/7/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 2011-54895 STYLE:THEAOLA ROBINSON v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the motion for rehearing of the above-referenced petition for . review. MR. CHRIS DANIEL HARRIS COUNTY DISTRICT CLERK 201 CAROLINE, SUITE 420 HOUSTON, TX 77002  RE: Case No. 13-0809 DATE: 3/7/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 2011-54895 STYLE:THEAOLA ROBINSON v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the motion for rehearing of the above-referenced petition for . review. MS. LAURA LEE PRATHER HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP 600 CONGRESS AVENUE, SUITE 1300 AUSTIN, TX 78701  RE: Case No. 13-0809 DATE: 3/7/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 2011-54895 STYLE:THEAOLA ROBINSON v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the motion for rehearing of the above-referenced petition for . review. MR. BERRY D. BOWEN BOWEN I LAWYERS 3014 BRAZOS STREET HOUSTON, TX 77006  RE: Case No. 13-0809 DATE: 3/7/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 2011-54895 STYLE:THEAOLA ROBINSON v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the motion for rehearing of the above-referenced petition for . review. MR. CHRISTOPHER PRINE CLERK, FIRST COURT OF APPEALS 301 FANNIN HOUSTON, TX 77002  APPENDIX TAB G: Notices from the Supreme Court of Texas in No. 14-0321, In Re Robinson, of the denials of Robinson's Petition for Writ of Mandamus and Motion for Rehearing on Petition for Writ of Mandamus  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 10/10/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the motion for rehearing in the above-referenced petition for writ of mandamus. HONORABLE MAURICIO RONDON JUDGE, 234TH DISTRICT COURT HARRIS COUNTY CIVIL COURTHOUSE 201 CAROLTNE, 13TH FLOOR HOUSTON, TX 77002  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 10/10/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the motion for rehearing in the above-referenced petition for writ of mandamus. THEAOLA ROBINSON 5505 JENSEN DRIVE HOUSTON, TX 77026  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 10/10/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the motion for rehearing in the above-referenced petition for writ of mandamus. MS. LAURA LEE PRATHER HAYNES & BOONE, L.L.P. 600 CONGRESS AVENUE, SUITE 1300 AUSTIN, TX 78701  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 10/10/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the motion for rehearing in the above-referenced petition for writ of mandamus. MR. CHRISTOPHER PRINE CLERK, FIRST COURT OF APPEALS 301 FANNIN HOUSTON, TX 77002  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 10/10/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the motion for rehearing in the above-referenced petition for writ of mandamus. MR. CHRIS DANIEL HARRIS COUNTY DISTRICT CLERK 201 CAROLINE, SUITE 420 HOUSTON, TX 77002  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 6/6/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the petition for writ of mandamus in the above-referenced case. HONORABLE MAURICIO RONDON JUDGE, 234TH DISTRICT COURT HARRIS COUNTY CIVlL COURTHOUSE 201 CAROLINE, 13TH FLOOR HOUSTON, TX 77002  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 6/6/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the petition for writ of mandamus in the above-referenced case. THEAOLA ROBINSON 5503 JENSEN DRIVE HOUSTON, TX 77028  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 6/6/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the petition for writ of mandamus in the above-referenced case. MS. LAURA LEE PRATHER HAYNES & BOONE, L.L.P. 600 CONGRESS AVENUE, SUITE 1300 AUSTIN, TX 78701  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 6/6/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the petition for writ of mandamus in the above-referenced case. MR. CHRISTOPHER PRINE CLERK, FIRST COURT OF APPEALS 301 FANNIN HOUSTON, TX 77002  RE: Case No. 14-0321 DATE: 6/6/2014 COA #: 01-12-00372-CV TC#: 1154895 STYLE: IN RE THEAOLA ROBINSON Today the Supreme Court of Texas denied the petition for writ of mandamus in the above-referenced case. MR. CHRIS DANIEL HARRIS COUNTY DISTRICT CLERK 201 CAROLINE, SUITE 420 HOUSTON, TX 77002  APPENDIX TAB H: Appellee KTRK Television, Inc.' s Motion to Dismiss Appellant's Appeal and Request to Declare Appellant Robinson A Vexatious Litigant, filed in No. 01-14-008800-CV (WITHOUT EXHIBITS)  ACCEPTED 01-14-00880-cv FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS 7/23/2015 1:11 :42 PM CHRISTOPHER PRINE CLERK CAUSE NO. 01-14-00880-CV IN THE FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS THEAOLA ROBINSON Appellant, v. KTRK TELEVISION, INC., Appellee. Appealed from the 234 th District Court Harris County, Texas APPELLEE KTRK TELEVISION, INC.'S MOTION TO DISMISS APPELLANT'S APPEAL AND REQUEST TO DECLARE APPELLANT ROBINSON A VEXATIOUS LITIGANT Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Catherine.robb@haynesboone.com *Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Laura.prather@haynesboone.com HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP 600 Congress Avenue Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Facsimile: (512) 867-8470 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE KTRK TELEVISION, INC. *Lead counsel for Appellee  APPELLEE'S MOTION TO DISMISS APPELLANT'S APPEAL Appellee, KTRK Television, Inc. (hereinafter "KTRK") moves to dismiss this appeal because this case was already decided by this Court in July 2013, and petition for review was subsequently denied by the Texas Supreme Court. See KTRK v. Robinson, 409 S.W.3d 682 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2013 reh'g overruled, pet. denied) attached hereto as Exhibit "A." The Court has no jurisdiction over the issues currently being appealed, and Appellant, Theaola Robinson (hereinafter "Robinson") has failed to comply with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. Simply put, this is a pro se litigant seeking endless "bites at the apple" in an effort to tie up KTRK in Court ad infinitum. Robinson should be declared a vexatious litigant and prohibited from filing additional pleadings. See, e.g., Nell Nations Forist v. Vanguard Underwriters Ins. Co., 141 S.W.3d 668 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 2004, no pet.). I. INTRODUCTION & STATEMENT OF FACTS This is Robinson's second appeal to this Court and fifth attempt to overturn this Court's ruling. Although she purports to be appealing a final judgment of the trial court, this appeal is really Robinson's attempt to revisit this Court's July 11, 2013, judgment in Cause No. 01-12-00372-CV dismissing Robinson's claim for defamation against KTRK. Under Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 19.1, this Court's plenary power to alter that judgment expired in September of 2013. See Tex. R. App. P. 19.1; see also, Tex. R. App. P. 19.3 ("after its plenary power expires, the court cannot vacate or modify its judgment"). Furthermore, this Court's decision in Cause No. 01-12-00372-CV is the law of the case and this Court does not have jurisdiction to revisit the issues raised in that first appeal. After multiple attempts to sue in federal court (none of which were successfol), Robinson ultimately sued KTRK, The Walt Disney Company ("Disney"), CC Texas Holding Co., Inc. ("CCTHC"), and ABC Television Network in state court for defamation in September of 2011. Disney and CCTHC filed Special Appearances. KTRK filed an Answer and then a Motion to Dismiss pursuant to Chapter 27 of the Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code ("Anti- SLAPP Motion"). 1 The Anti-SLAPP Motion was denied by the trial court, and KTRK timely appealed to this Court. On July 11, 2013, in KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, this Court reversed the trial court's denial of KTRK's Anti-SLAPP Motion and remanded this case back to the trial court to order dismissal of the suit and for final proceedings on attorneys' fees as required by TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §27.009(a). 1 ABC Television Network is not a corporate entity and was never served. In its Anti-SLAPP Motion, KTRK advised the trial court of ABC's nonexistent status and non-service and also advised that Disney and CCTHC had filed Special Appearances, but reserved the right to file Anti-SLAPP motions should the Court decide to exercise jurisdiction over them. The motion further advised that Disney and CCTHC would have the same defenses and arguments as KTRK and would asse11 the same in an Anti-SLAPP motion, if necessary. 2 Robinson then filed a Motion for Rehearing, which was denied by this Court on August 21, 2013. Next, Robinson filed a Petition for Review with the Supreme Court of Texas, which was denied on January 3, 2014, and a Petition for Rehearing the Denial, which was denied on March 7, 2014. 2 In all, prior to this latest filing, Robinson filed a total of five motions and/or writs in an effort to have the Court of Appeals' decision reversed. On October 8, 2014, 3 the 234th Judicial Court of Harris County in accordance with the Order of this Court issued its final judgment and dismissed the case with prejudice, awarding KTRK attorney's fees, costs, and expenses pursuant to the Texas Anti-SLAPP Statute. 4 Robinson's Notice of Appeal states that she desires "to appeal from the judgment rendered against Plaintiff by the 234th Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas on October 8, 2014." The October 8, 2014 "Order and Final Judgment," in accordance with the determination of this Court in KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, 409 S.W.3d 682, dismissed the case with prejudice and granted 2 Robinson also filed a Writ of Mandamus and a "Motion for Rehearing on Petition for Review of Writ of Mandamus and Request for Oral Argument," both of which were denied. 3 The large time delay between the July 2013 judgment of this Court and October 2014 judgment of the trial court was caused by Appellee Robinson's filings of a Motion for Rehearing in this Court (which was denied); a Petition for Review and a Motion for Rehearing on her Petition for Review (in the Supreme Court of Texas, No. 13-0809)(both denied); as well as a Petition for Writ of Mandamus and a Motion for Rehearing on her Petition for Writ of Mandamus (in the Supreme Court of Texas, No. 14-0321)(both denied). 4 Also on October 8, 2014, the 234th District Court signed an order sustaining the special appearances of Disney and CC Texas. 3 attorney's fees and sanctions against Robinson, consistent with the mandate. Robinson's Brief5 makes clear that she is only appealing this Court's earlier decision in Cause No. 01-12-00372-CV, not the more recent ministerial order. The Brief only raises issues on appeal that relate to the dismissal of the case. The Brief does not challenge the amount of attorney's fees or the methodology used to arrive at the fees. In addition, Robinson states outright in her Brief that "This is an appeal from a decision of the 1st Court of Appeals in Houston, Texas reversal of a denied motion to dismiss under the newly enacted TCPA; and the awarding of attorney's fees and sanctions. Appellant Robinson requests this Court to review its holding." 6 In addition to ignoring the expiration of this Court's plenary power and the law of the case, Robinson has failed to adhere to other requirements of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. First, in violation of Tex. R. App. P. 25.l(S)(e), Robinson never served her Notice of Appeal upon KTRK, thus, failing to timely perfect her appeal. 7 In addition, Robinson has repeatedly failed to properly serve KTRK with other motions or briefs pertaining to this appeal, specifically her First Appellant's Brief, filed with this Court on June 10, 2015 ("the first brief'); her Second Amended Brief (the "2nd brief'), filed on June 19, 2015; and her "Motion 5 For clarity, KTRK refers only to Robinson's last brief titled "Amended Appellant Brief" filed on June 19, 2015. 6 See Brief pg. 2. Appellant does not appeal the order granting Disney's or CCTHC's Special Appearances or even make any argument that their granting was improper. 7 See Affidavit of Laura Lee Prather, attached hereto as Exhibit "B" ("Prather Affidavit"). 4 for Leave to File Amended Brief' ("3rd motion"). 8 Robinson has failed to serve countless other documents on KTRK, and KTRK has only been able to obtain those documents by diligently monitoring this Court's docket. 9 Robinson has also made several misrepresentations to this Court. Robinson asserted in her 3rd motion that she needed leave to amend and supplement her brief only to add an "additional index to Authorities and Appendix," when in fact, the 2nd Brief also included three additional issues of law comprising ten additional pages of briefing, a "Summary of Argument," and a new 13-page declaration signed by Robinson (which was not part of the trial court record). 1 Further, in ° Robinson's first request for an extension, she attested that a family illness made her unable to timely file her brief. However, KTRK later discovered that a week earlier, Robinson filed pro se a new 136-page lawsuit against the City of Houston, the Commissioner of the Texas Education Agency, and others, 11 clearly indicating she had time to spend on her legal matters. 8 See Exhibit B, Prather Affidavit. 9 Other documents Robinson failed to timely serve include documents regarding her proof of indigence, including the affidavit, and her April 24 and June 10, 2015 Motions to Extend Time to File Brief, despite representing to the Court that she had served the documents. See Exhibit B, Prather Affidavit. 10 Robinson did eventually serve portions of the documents on KTRK's counsel via email on June 23, 2015. See Exhibit B, Prather Affidavit. 11 See Theaola Robinson and Benji's Special Education Academy,, Inc. vs. City of Houston, Robert Scott, Lisa Beny Dockery, Management Accountability Corporation and Victory Preparatory Academy, No. 1061237 (Co. Ct. at Law No. 4, Harris County, Tex., April 15, 2015); see also, Exhibit B, Prather Affidavit. Robinson's case was dismissed earlier this month when the court sustained the County Attorney's contest to Robinson's paper's oath. 5  II. ARGUMENT & AUTHORITIES It is a threshold matter whether this Court has jurisdiction over the appeal filed by Robinson. KTRK believes it does not and moves this Court to dismiss this appeal because this Court does not have jurisdiction to vacate or modify its earlier judgment and the Appellant's Brief only requests the Court to reconsider the earlier issues that have already been decided. Not only does the law of the case doctrine require that this Court dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction, but this Court's plenary power has expired, further depriving it of jurisdiction to rehear the appeal. Finally, given the plethora of filings made - all seeking to reverse this Court's prior ruling - there can be no doubt Robinson should be declared a vexatious litigant under Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code§ 11.054(2). 12 Additionally, this Court may dismiss the appeal under Tex. R. App. P. 42.3 for failure to comply with the rules. Robinson has repeatedly and flagrantly refused to comply with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure; her failure to comply with these rules is grounds for dismissal under Tex. R. App. P. 42.3(c). 12 See In re Douglas, 333 S.W.3d 273, 287 (Tex. App.-Houston [lst Dist.] 2010, pet. denied) ("We conclude for the foregoing reasons that the trial court did not err in declaring Douglas a vexatious litigant on its own motion"). That court noted that "the evident purpose of the statute is to make it possible for courts to control their dockets rather than permitting them to be burdened with repeated filings of frivolous and malicious litigation by litigants without hope of success while, at the same time, providing protections for litigants' constitutional rights to an open court when they have genuine claims that can survive the scrutiny of the administrative judge and the posting of security to protect defendants." Id. at 284. 6 A. This Court Should Dismiss This Appeal for Lack of Jurisdiction Because This Court's Plenary Power Over Its Prior Decision Expired on September 24, 2013. This Court should dismiss Robinson's appeal because her current appeal is simply another attempt to appeal this Court's July 11, 2013 decision on the merits. However, such an attempt is not permitted. This Court "cannot vacate or modify its judgment" because its plenary power over that decision expired in 2013. 13 After this Court's ruling on the merits, reversing and remanding to the lower court, Robinson filed a motion for rehearing on July 25, 2013. The Court's "plenary power over its judgment expire[ d] ... 30 days after the court overruled[ d] all timely filed motions for rehearing .... " 14 This Court overruled Robinson's motion for rehearing on August 21, 2013. 15 Accordingly, this Court's plenary power to vacate or modify its judgment expired on September 20, 2013. The fact that Robinson claims to be appealing the trial court's judgment - one that is in perfect compliance with this Court's prior mandate - does not change the reality of her attempt to appeal, now for the sixth time, this Court's earlier decision. In fact, in her "Summary of Argument" Robinson makes it clear that she is simply seeking review of the earlier appeals' court decision when she states: This is an appeal from a decision of the 1st Court of Appeals in Houston, Texas reversal of a denied motion to dismiss under the 13 See Tex. R. App. P. 19.3. 14 See Tex. R. App. P. 19.l(b). 15 See this Court's August 21, 2013 notice that it denied Robinson's Motion for Rehearing, attached hereto as Exhibit "C." 7  newly enacted TCPA .... The Court of Appeals decision clearly and erroneously conflicts with the Texas Supreme Court decision in Neely v. Wilson, 418 S.W.3d 52 (2013) when it did not broadly construe defamation issues under the substantial truth doctrine or toll the statute of limitations for Appellant Robinson's legal action. The TCPA does not apply to Theaola Robinson legal defamation action. See Appellant's Brief, p. 2 (emphasis added). The time for doing so has expired, and Robinson's prior five attempts to have this Court and the Texas Supreme Court review the decision have all failed. B. This Court's Prior Decision is the Law of the Case, Barring Further Reconsideration of the Issues Robinson Attempts to Raise (for the Sixth Time). Robinson Should be Declared a Vexatious Litigant. Likewise, in the body of her "Argument," Robinson also makes clear that the "issues" she raises in this appeal concern her assertion that the First Court of Appeals erred in its prior holdings in this case. 16 This Court's prior opinion is the law of the case and cannot be further appealed simply because the trial court has enforced this Court's mandate through the ministerial act of entering a final judgment. See, e.g., Miller v. University Savings Assoc., 858 S.W.2d 33, 37 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, writ denied)(finding appellant precluded from bringing claims on appeal because court had already determined issues and "law of the case" applied). Under the law of the case doctrine, a court of appeals must be consistent with its earlier ruling on legal questions unless an earlier decision was 16 See, e.g., Points of Error in Robinson's Brief all addressing the First Court of Appeals ruling, pp. 4, 10, 15, 17 and 20. 8 clearly erroneous. In a case such as this, when a petition for review is filed and the Texas Supreme Court denies the petition for review, as a matter of law, the opinion is not "clearly erroneous." See Caplinger v. Allstate Ins. Co., 140 S.W.3d 927, 930 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2004, pet. denied). 17 The Order that Robinson purports to appeal was simply the trial court's ministerial act of enforcing this Court's prior mandate that the trial court dismiss the case and enter a final judgment in accordance with this Court's opinion. "When an appellate court . . . renders the judgment which the trial court should have rendered, that judgment becomes the judgment of both co mis." Cook v. Cameron, 733 S.W.2d 137, 139 (Tex. 1987). At that point, "the trial court's only duty is to enforce the judgment as rendered. The district court has no jurisdiction to review or interpret that judgment. Its only authority is to carry out the mandate of the appellate court. A district's court's orders carrying out the mandate are ministerial." Dallas County v Sweitzer, 971 S.W.2d 629, 630 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1998, no pet.)(internal citations omitted). Furthermore, "[t]he district court must execute the judgment as it was framed by the appellate court." Id. It "has no authority to take any action that is inconsistent with or beyond the scope of that which is necessary to give full effect to the appellate court's judgment and mandate." Phillips v. Bramlett, 407 S.W.3d 229, 234 (Tex. 2013). See also, Tex. 17 See Supreme Comi of Texas' denial of Robinson's Petition for Review, attached hereto as Exhibit "D." 9 R. App. P. 51.l(b) ("When the trial court clerk receives the mandate, the appellate court's judgment must be enforced."). In this second appeal to the First Court of Appeals, Robinson simply requests this Court reconsider its prior ruling - one that is now the law of the case. "The 'law of the case' doctrine is defined as that principle under which questions of law decided on appeal to a court of last resort will govern the case throughout its subsequent stages." Hudson v. Wakefield, 711 S.W.2d 628, 630 (Tex. 1986); see also, Aycock v. State of Texas, 863 S.W.2d at 187. ("'The law of the case' is a doctrine which mandates that the ruling of an appellate court on a question of law raised on appeal will be regarded as the law of the case in all subsequent proceedings of the same case."). Because Robinson's appeal is nothing more than one more attempt to overturn "the law of the case," by "appealing" the trial court's ministerial entry of the final judgment, which is not appealable, the Court is without jurisdiction to hear this appeal and this appeal must be dismissed. See, e.g., Gulf Energy Exploration Corp. v. Fugro Chance, 2012 WL 601413 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2012, no pet.)(mem. op.)(finding court was without jurisdiction to hear appeal of issue it had previously decided in first appeal). Finally, dismissing this appeal serves the purpose of the "law of the case" doctrine, which is "based on public policy and is aimed at putting an end to litigation." Hudson v. Wakefield, 711 S.W.2d at 630. This Court entered its 10 Opinion in this matter dismissing this case in July of 2013. Since that time, Robinson (either acting prose, or through her former attorney) has filed five prior pleadings in an effort to overturn the decision: a Motion for Rehearing to the First Court of Appeals, a Petition for Review to the Texas Supreme Court, a Motion for Rehearing the Denial of her Petition for Review to the Texas Supreme Court, a Mandamus with the Texas Supreme Court, and a Motion for Rehearing the Denial of Mandamus. In addition, after the trial court issued its order in compliance with this Court's Mandate, Robinson filed a Motion for New Trial prior to filing this appeal. Given the foregoing volume of baseless filings, Robinson should be declared a vexatious litigant pursuant to Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §11.054. 18 19 Public policy and the law of the case dictate that this litigation must end. C. This Court Should Dismiss This Appeal for Failure to Comply with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. It is well settled in Texas that, although a prose appellant's briefing may be construed liberally in accordance with Tex. R. App. P. 38.9, pro se litigants are 18 Although Robinson has not yet been adjudged a vexatious litigant, she satisfies most, if not all, of the requirements, especially the requirement that "after a litigation has been finally determined against the plaintiff, the plaintiff repeatedly relitigates or attempts to relitigate, prose, either: (A) the validity of the determination against the same defendant as to whom the litigation was finally determined; or (B) the cause of action, claim, controversy, or any of the issues of fact or law determined or concluded by the final determination against the same defendant as to whom the litigation was finally determined .... " Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem Code § 11.054. 19 Robinson has already been ordered to pay KTRK's attorneys' fees in this matter, but has indicated that she will be unable to pay. She appears to believe she has nothing to lose by continuing her baseless appeals. Therefore, a declaration that Robinson is a vexatious litigant and, pursuant to Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem Code §11.101, is prohibited from filing any new litigation pro se without permission of the court is also necessary to ensure that Robinson does not try new methods to further "appeal" this matter (or the underlying subject matter). 11 held to the same standards as licensed attorneys and are required to comply with applicable procedural rules. See Wheeler v. Green, 157 S.W.3d 439, 444 (Tex. 2005); Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184-85 (Tex. 1978). However, Robinson's failures to adhere to the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure are not simply a matter of poor briefing. Robinson has consistently failed to serve documents upon KTRK in accordance with Tex. R. App. P. 9.5, 10.l(a)(4), and 25 .1 (e). Although a failure to include correct details in a certificate of service may be overlooked, actually failing to serve any documents upon the parties involved in an appeal is grounds for dismissal. 20 As one appellate court in Texas has stated " ... mere recitation of language consistent with Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 40(a)(2) in the body ... does not constitute a proper notice of appeal." State v. Organic Composting Resources Co., L.C., 925 S.W. 2d 129 (Tex. App.-Austin 1996, no writ). Further, though a pro se litigant, Robinson is not a "new," uneducated litigant who is ignorant about the requirements of proper service. In fact, Robinson 20 Pena v. McDowell, 201 S.W. 3d 665 (Tex. 2006). See Wells v. Target Corp., No. 02-14- 00359-CV, 2015 WL 1882540 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth, April 23, 2015, no pet.); McCaleb v. Descisciolo, No. 12-05-00122-CV, 2005 WL 1177062, at* 1 (Tex. App.-Tyler May I 8, 2005, no pet.); Guajardo v. Guajardo, No. 13-02-364-CV, 2003 WL I 562553, at * 1 (Tex. App.- Corpus Christi Mar.27, 2003, no pet.); Reiners v. Reiners, No. I 0-04-00359-CV, 2005 WL 114669, at *l (Tex. App.-Waco Jan.19, 2005, no pet.). Rule 37.1 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure clearly requires an appellate clerk to notify the parties of a defect in the notice of appeal so that the appealing party can remedy the defect. However, in this case the appellate clerk could not have correctly identified the defect in Robinson's notice of appeal because the appellate clerk could not have known that Robinson continually misrepresented her claim that she had served KTRK. 12  has filed multiple lawsuits in state and federal court concerning the underlying matters in this very lawsuit. 21 Also, Robinson's "mistake" is not a single failure to serve KTRK (or failure to include correct service information), but rather a repeated failure to serve KTRK, failure to file a docket sheet, misrepresentations to this Comi about her failure to serve KTRK, and misrepresentations about her reasons for requesting an extension in the documents being filed with this Court. 22 Finally, Robinson did not seek, nor was she granted, leave to file a supplemental brief raising new points of error not assigned in her original briefing - although she did so, and did so without notifying this Court. "Generally, a party must seek leave of court to file an amended or supplemental brief, and the appellate court has some discretion in deciding whether to allow the filing." Heritage Res. v. Hill, 104 S.W. 3d 612, 619 (Tex. App.-El Paso 2003, no pet.) (quoting Standard Fruit and Vegetable Co., Inc. v. Johnson, 985 S.W.2d 62, 65 (Tex. 1998)). Texas courts do not generally favor motions to add new issues unless "justice requires." Standard Fruit and Vegetable Co., Inc. 985 S.W.2d at 65. KTRK asks this Court to dismiss Robinson's appeal for all of the above additional reasons. 21 See Exhibit B, Prather Affidavit. 22 Id. 13 D. This Appeal Should be Determined to be Objectively Frivolous and Robinson Should be Sanctioned for Filing a Frivolous Appeal. Finally, this Court should determine that this appeal is frivolous, and award Appellees damages under Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 45, which states that "[i]f the court of appeals determines that an appeal is frivolous, it may-on motion of any party or on its own initiative, after notice and a reasonable opportunity for response-award each prevailing party just damages." Tex. R. App. P. 45. The "just damages" awarded are typically the attorney's fees incurred in defending the appeal. 23 There is no requirement under Rule 45 for a finding of bad faith for sanctions to apply. See Glassman v. Goodfriend, 347 S.W.3d 772, 782 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, pet. denied) (rejecting earlier rulings that required a finding of bad faith for sanctions in a frivolous appeal). However, the court may consider bad faith when determining the amount of damages. Id. As the Glassman Court so succinctly stated, "No litigant has the right to put an opposing party to needless burden and expense or to waste this court's time, which otherwise would be spent on the important task of adjudicating valid disputes." Id. at 783. "To determine whether an appeal is objectively frivolous, [the court should] review the record from the viewpoint of the advocate and decide whether the advocate had reasonable grounds to believe the case could be reversed." Id. at 782. 23 See, e.g., Lookshin v. Feldman, 127 S.W.3d 100, 102 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, pet. denied) (awarding attorney's fees as sanctions for a frivolous appeal). 14 In Riggins v. Hill, the Fourteenth Court of Appeals held that a litigant who seeks to appeal claims that have already been resolved finally by an earlier appeal "has no reasonable grounds to believe that the case could be reversed [and the] appeal is frivolous." 24 Given that this Court has no jurisdiction to overturn its earlier decisions, and that the law of the case precludes this Court from making a ruling contrary to its earlier ruling, there can be no reasonable grounds for Robinson to believe that the case could be reversed or that her appeal could be granted. III. PRAYER For the above reasons, KTRK moves the Court to dismiss Robinson's appeal because this Court does not have jurisdiction to hear this appeal. Additionally, KTRK moves to dismiss Robinson's appeal in accordance with Tex. R. App. P. 42.3( c) because Robinson has failed to comply with the Rules of Appellate Procedure. KTRK prays that this Court declare Robinson a vexatious litigant and, pursuant to Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 11.101, prohibit her from filing any new litigation pro se without permission of the court. KTRK further prays this Court determine that this appeal is objectively frivolous and grant KTRK sanctions against Robinson in the amount of KTRK's reasonable attorney's fees in defending against this appeal. 24 See Riggins v. Hill, No. 14-13-00604-CV, 2015 WL 293270, at *4 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] Jan. 22, 2015), reh'g overruled (Feb. 24, 2015). 15  Respectfully Submitted, HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP /s/ Laura Lee Prather Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Laura.prather@haynesboone.com Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Catherine.robb@haynesboone.com 600 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Facsimile: (512) 867-8470 COUNSEL FOR KTRK TELEVISION, INC., APPELLEE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE I certify that this document was produced on a computer using Microsoft Word 2010 and contains 4,291 words, as determined by the computer software's word-count function, excluding the sections of the document listed in Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4(i)(l). /s/ Laura Lee Prather Laura Lee Prather 16  CERTIFICATE OF CONFERENCE I certify that on July 21, 2015, I attempted to confer with Ms. Robinson regarding this motion and she did not respond. Isl Laura Lee Prather Laura Lee Prather CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing was served on the following parties this the 23rd day of July, 2015 via certified mail, return receipt requested: Theaola Robinson 5505 Jensen Drive Houston, Texas 77028 Isl Laura Lee Prather Laura Lee Prather 17  APPENDIX TAB I: Original Complaint in Theaola Robinson v. The Walt Disney Company, Cause No. 4-1 l-CV- 0358, in the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division (WITHOUT EXHIBITS)  Case 4:1 I -cv-00358 Document I Filed in TXSD on 01 /26/11 Page I of 15 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS HOUSTON DIVISION THEAOLA ROBINSON, § § Plaintiff, § Civil Action No. - - - - - - - § § Jury Trial Requested v. § § THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY, § § Defendant. § ORIGINAL COMPLAINT 1. Plaintiff, Theaola Robinson, is a citizen of the State of Texas. 2. Defendant, The Walt Disney Company is a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business in the State of California. 3. The amount in controversy between Mrs. Robinson and The Walt Disney Company exceeds, exclusive of interest and costs, the sum specified by 28 U.S.C. § 1332. 4. Pursuant to Rule lO(c), Fed.R.Civ.P., Mrs. Robinson adopts by reference Plaintiffs' current complaint and the joinder of Mrs. Theaola Robinson therein in Comb v. Benji's Special Education Academy, No. 4-10-CV-03498, In the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division. 5. The Walt Disney Company is the owner of a television station and a network of television stations and is a "broadcaster" as defined by Texas law. 6. On August 8, 2010, Rick Schneider responded in writing to the original overture from Ron Rowell asking Schneider to become involved in Benji's Special Educational Academy. Schneider's first point in his response to Rowell succinctly expresses the  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01 /26/11 Page 2 of 15 bottom line situation then prevailing at Benji's, the overarching and defining context in which all the subsequent damaging actions and devastating events have taken place. Schneider wrote: If I understand you correctly, the students and school are doing w~ll academically. (Exhibit 1). 7. This statement succinctly expresses the situation at a remarkable institution, created and nurtured by the mother love and determination of a tireless educator, Mrs. Robinson.for thirty years, and reveals the context in which the occurrences giving rise to the rights to relief stated in this action quickly transpired over the next forty days. 8. For the thirty years prior to August 2010, Mrs. Robinson had, in total and complete obscurity, through much trial and sacrifice, and with virtually no private support, endeavored to provide for the most helpless and disadvantaged, the most forgotten and discarded, of the young in our society, a setting where they could find a loving and caring home, and, just possibly, find a chance at self-respect, self-discipline, and a foundation for a socially productive and rewarding life. 9. Mrs. Robinson is not and never has been a public figure. I 0. This thirty years of work began in 1980 with Mrs. Robinson's creation of a day care academy for young special needs children, her own young son being such a child, having recently become disabled at age three on account of an injury, forcing her to abandon other career aspirations in order to care for him, and her abilities, energy, and love guiding her to care for other similarly needy young children. As detailed herein, thirty years of dedicated service and objective achievement was demolished, and Mrs. Robinson's reputation deliberately ruined, in a relative instant. 2  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01/26/11 Page 3 of 15 11. Mrs. Robinson began this work in the heart of Houston's Fifth Ward, one of the most blighted, impoverished neighborhoods in Houston, Texas, commonly known as a "ghetto," a place where a host of societal ills routinely conspire to blunt the aspirations of a majority of even the most physically and mentally able. 12. To begin her endeavor in 1980, Mrs. Robinson caused to be incorporated a Texas not-for-profit corporation, named Benji's Special Education Academy, ("Benji's"). She began Benji's by caring for her son and one other child at the Greater Love Missionary Baptist Church at 6913 Jensen Drive. Almost immediately, she had attracted twenty children to her program. 13. Over the ensuing years, Benji's enrollment grew to almost 100 children, and outgrew the facilities at Greater Love, relocating to a previously abandoned building at 5505 Jensen Drive. 14. Benji's continued to flourish with support from the City of Houston, and by 1996, with an enrollment of 140 students and the cooperation and encouragement of the City of Houston, Mayor Bob Lanier, and Councilman Ernest McGowen, Benji's acquired a lease from the City of Houston on another previously abandoned building, formerly known as White's Appliance Store, located at 2903 Jensen Drive. 15. During all these years, Benji's never charged tuition and the school operated and developed its facilities exclusively on grants from the City of Houston and Mrs. Robinson's personal support, primarily from the proceeds of her late husband's insurance. 16. In 1996, the White's Appliance Building was a boarded-up eyesore, which had become what is commonly known as a "crack house" at the time Mrs. Robinson 3  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01 /26/11 Page 4 of 15 undertook to renovate, and Benji's to occupy, 5,000 square feet of the 30,000 square foot structure. 17. Also, by this time, the State of Texas had recently adopted laws providing for the creation of public charter schools, and Mrs. Robinson determined to expand Benji's successful program to occupy the entire 30,000 square feet of the White's Building and to convert Benji's into an open-enrollment public charter school. 18. On November 2, 1998, Benji's was granted a contract for an open-enrollment charter by the Texas State Board of Education. 19. Benji's is a "charter holder" as defined in Tex. Education Code§ 12.1012. 20. As detailed in the Complaint in No. 4-10-CV-03498 (Docket No. 19 at ii 25), and as substantially admitted by the Defendants in that action (Docket Nos. 22 and 23 at ii 25), Benji's charter, initially set to expire on July 31, 2003, has been in a state of perpetual application for renewal since Benji's timely applied for renewal prior to July 31,2003. 21. During the ensuing years, primarily beginning in 2008, Benji's became subject to close monitoring of all aspects of its operations, with particular emphasis on its special education programs for disabled students, through appointment of TEA conservators, primarily Dr. Shelly Swedlaw and Dr. Don W. Hooper. 22. Additionally, Benji's financial management and budgets received detailed scrutiny and oversight from both Dr. Hooper and TEA finance expert, Mr. Robert "Mike" Seale. 23. Particularly in light of this intervention and oversight, the objective financial condition of the school, its impressive facilities and learning tools (buildings, physical 4  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01/26/11 Page 5 of 15 education track, computers, educational laboratory facilities, uniforms, etc.) were at all times open and obvious to the TEA. 24. During 2009 and 2010, the present use offunds and proposed future budgets were reviewed and analyzed by the TEA and audited financial reporting detailing all expenditures and demonstrating the valuable investment made in facilities and equipment and reflecting a solvent operation, with a net worth of over $1 million, were timely submitted to and accepted by the TEA. No detail was too small to evade notice, and even relatively minor purchases, such as a musical instrument, i.e., a harp, were subjected to criticism by the TEA conservators, themselves being paid out of Bettji's current receipts from the TEA and thus further burdening Benji's financial operation. 25. Personality conflicts developed in this process, were not satisfactorily resolved, and culminated in TEA launching a personal vendetta aimed solely at Mrs. Robinson. 26. At the urging of TEA employee Ron Rowell, Drs. Hooper and Swedlaw were directed to make detailed reports concerning Mrs. Robinson personally and her uncooperative and controlling behavior and attitude rather than on objective facts concerning the education and welfare of the students or the financial condition or management of Benji's. 27. As detailed in the Complaint in No. 4-10-CV-03498, at paragraphs 26-58, and in Exhibit 1 above, the plan went into effect in August 2010, and resulted in the appointment of an interim board of managers and interim superintendent on September 3, 20 l 0, displacing Mrs. Robinson from an active role as superintendent. Mrs. Robinson, however, was not discharged, and she continued to report to the school every day. She fully cooperated with the interim board and interim superintendent between September 5  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01/26/11 Page 6 of 15 3rd and September 131h, effected changes in the signature cards at the bank and dealt with any and all questions and problems with the transition, and proposed changes in management and operation, including a significantly reduced role and salaty for herself. None of this was considered. Instead, as its first order of business, the interim board voted to close Benji's on September 13, 2010, and gave notice of the immediate closure to students, parents, and staff the next day, providing a list of other schools in which to enroll the children but nothing for the displaced educators and staff. 28. Of particular significance to the instant action, even though the TEA had, as set out above, complete and detailed access to, and knowledge of, all of Benji's financial condition, operation, and expenditures, once the interim board of managers took control of Benji's operating bank accounts, the TEA had full control of, and access to, all financial records and thus complete and full knowledge of all payments made by Benji's from the over $3 million in public funds received by Benji's to provide public education to almost 500 children over the preceding year. 29. The defendants in No. 4-10-CV-03495 have effectively admitted this action by the interim board and interim superintendent was unauthorized and ultra vires, citing in their answers (Docket Nos. 22 and 23, at 'II 19), as justification, the provision of law allowing suspension of operations of a school by the charter holder for not more than three days, and that on 14 days advance notice, Tex.Admin.Code § 100.1213(c). 30. In the finest tradition of American citizenship, with the displaced administrator, Mrs. Robinson, leading the fight, the Benji's family stood up to this grossly unlawful action. Mrs. Robinson vowed that Benji's would remain open, the teachers agreed to continue to report, the bus drivers to transport the children, and the parents and students 6  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01/26/11 Page 7 of 15 to continue to come to school, all in peaceful disobedience to the grossly unlawful, arbitrary and malicious conduct of the TEA. 31. On September 14, 2010, all the major local news media, including the television station owned by Defendant, The Walt Disney Company, reported the abrupt and sudden closure of the school and the peaceful defiance unfolding at Benji's. 32. Benji's defiance to the events of September 13 and 14, 2010, appeared to surprise the TEA. Mr. Schneider, with apparent misgivings about what he had been a party to, abruptly resigned on September 14, 2010. 33. A new plan was immediately hatched to quash the peaceful and exemplary defiance of the State's arbitrary and malicious action. 34. The first prong of this plan was aimed at quashing public support for Mrs. Robinson's leadership of the school family's peaceful defiance. This prong of the plan was so cynical in formulation and execution that it is hard to imagine any responsible persons charged with carrying out the public trust with even having thought of it, let alone of pursuing it. This prong of the plan was aimed at destroying Mrs. Robinson's reputation in the community at large as a means to undermine her support, and provides the basis of the claim in this action. 35. The plan was simply to report to the major news organizations already involved in covering the story of the abrupt closure of the school and the defiance thereto that over $3 million in public funds given to Benji's over the past year, i.e., the entire annual budget for operations, was unaccounted for, with the clear intent to give the impression to persons of ordinary intelligence that Mrs. Robinson had stolen this vast amount of public 7  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on. 01 /26/11 Page 8 of 15 money and that Benji's was in effect nothing more than a scam being conducted for the personal benefit of Mrs. Robinson. 36. The proposition that $3 million m public funds was missing and had been pocketed by Mrs. Robinson formed no part of any open meeting held on September 13, 2010, no part of any decision by the interim board of managers, and was not reported by any news organization on September 14, 2010. It only arose after it became clear that Benji's was not going to "take it lying down" in regard to the arbitrary and unlawful decision to immediately close the school. 37. All the current defendants in No. 4-10-cv-0349 deny making any such statement to the news media. (Docket Nos. 22 and 23 at~ 57). 38. It remains for discovery to reveal the original source of this devastating calumny. 39. Some credence may be lent to this denial because only one news organization saw fit to publish the accusation. 1 To believe the Defendants is to believe that one news organization concocted the story on its own. That one news organization is Houston ABC Channel 13, KTRK, ("KTRK"), a television station owned by, The Walt Disney Company, as confirmed by The Walt Disney Company's most recent annual report. (Exhibit 2). 40. On September 15, 2010, on the 4:30 PM news, Houston ABC Channel 13, KTRK, in studio reporter Ilona Carson and field reporter Cynthia Cisneros aired a two and a half minute segment on the situation at Benji's. Cisneros said, "According to the State millions in tax payer dollars cannot be accounted for." After playing clips of a parent, 1 KTRK's September 15, 2010 story need only be compared to KHOU or Houston Chronicle, (infra, Exhibit 6), stories of the same date which both reported that the Benji's receives more than $3 million annually from the state, but neither report by these other news organizations suggest the entire amount of public funds received by Benji's over the preceding year were unaccounted for and had been misappropriated. 8  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01/26/11 Page 9 of 15 Shanika Thompson, and of Benji's spokesmen, Richard Johnson, Cisneros went on to say, "The state closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the state doesn't know where over three million dollars of taxpayer money given last year has been spent." A transcript of the entire broadcast is attached hereto. (Exhibit 3). The video was later published on ABC's website, along with a printed article "Defiant leaders refuse to close school," under Cynthia Cisneros byline. Cisneros wrote: "For the state, the issue is simple - where is the money? They say millions of taxpayer dollars are unaccounted for .... The state closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the state doesn't know where the more than $3 million of taxpayer money given last year has been spent. .. " (Exhibit 4). 41. The article generated 18 Facebook recommendations and 29 comments on KTRK's website, including: 4. We have been caught with our hand in the cookie jar, shine the activist bat signal and run out the race card. *** 10 .... I saw the television report of this story last night, and I am suprised [sic] this school is still open. In true ghetto fashion, our race was made shame of one again. My prayers go out to the children, because most of them are delinquents and truants, that no public school will accept them .... 11 .... poor management. *** 23. Think about the former TSU President and all the other crooked charter schools that have been the news lately. What do they have in common? *** 26. It is the money's fault. Those $$$$ stuck their heads up and the people in charge decided they need them for themselves more than the children. *** 29. I don't understand why they are so upset about the school being closed up. If they had the proper paperwork, could account for all that money and follow the rules like every other school then they wouldn't have this problem. 9  Case 4: 11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01 /26/11 Page 10 of 15 (Exhibit 4). 42. On September 15, 2010, My Fox Houston ran a similar story; however, it made no mention that "millions of taxpayer dollars are unaccounted for". Yet, readers obviously now aware of this allegation posted the following: Jasmine. I use to teach at this school and this is BULL BULL ... RACE has absolutely NOTHING to do with how misleading this woman Theola Robinson is and this school. TEA did the right thing ... and yes I am AFRICAN AMERICAN! This is not a race thing .. this woman really is a thief ... *** yjones. Theola will never be able to show where the money has gone she is a crook. (Exhibit 5). 43. The Houston Chronicle also ran a story on September 15, 2010, that made no mention of "millions of taxpayer dollars are unaccounted for." Yet, it had readers saying: Gspencer. Where did the $3,300,000.00 for last year go? *** RBBR. Something [sic] stinks. Let's get a PI to do an asset search on the "chief executive" and you'll find the missing money. *** babydolly. I wonder if Ms. Robinson made a hefty salary and paid herself first? Where IS the money? I can't blame the state for shutting it down. Sooner the better. *** RBBR. ... Why didn't you find out what "Chief Executive" Theaola Robinson's annual compensation is? Bet she's not going broke. Dollars to donuts she drives a new Mercedes and lives in an trendy upscale neighborhood ... while Benji's swirls down the drain. *** A-square ... Theaola Robinson where is the remaining 2.3M? TEA should look into her & her crownies' bank accounts/personal assets,.just follow the money and you'll find the answer. (Exhibit 6). 10  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01 /26/11 Page 11 of 15 44. On September 16, 2010, the second part of the plan was executed by TEA Commissioner Scott in a letter to Ron Rowell, as Interim Superintendent of Benji's, having replaced Mr. Schneider after his sudden resignation. The letter, while discussing financial concerns, does not mention anything about $3 million in public funds being unaccounted for. Instead, in what can only be characterized as a desperate attempt to bring the TEA action within some semblance of at least the letter of the law, Commissioner Scott, arbitrarily and without any evidence, deemed that the peaceful defiance to the TEA's arbitrary action, the determination to simply continue holding school as usual, was itself endangering the safety, health, and welfare, of the students, thus warranting his immediate action. (No. 4-10-CV-03498, Docket No. 19-7). 45. The story was repeated by Defendant later that month, on September 25, 2010, when KTRK's Dave Ward and Gina Gaston in-studio and Jessica Willey reporting, aired a nearly three minute segment on the situation at Benji's. The video was later published on KTRK's website, along with a printed article "Questions raised over charter school's finances," under Jessica Willey's byline. Willey wrote: "Where is taxpayer money going and how is a taxpayer-owned building being used? ... The Texas Education Agency says it doesn't know how Benji's spent $3 million of taxpayer money, and a lease agreement obtained by Eyewitness News raises even new questions."2 (Exhibit 7). 46. The article generated 11 comments on KTRK's website, including: 1. ... Call and ask where the money went. I'm sure Theola [sic] Robinson tell you. 2. Could it be in somebody's pockets? 2 The "lease" was no lease but merely a bookkeeping entry labeled. "rent in kind," fully accounted for and well known to the TEA, and specifically to Mr. Seale and Dr. Hooper, though review of the Benji's budgets and statements of financial activity. (Exhibit 8). 11  Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01/26/11 Page 12 of 15 (Exhibit 7). 47. On September 22, 2010, Emi Johnson of the TEA recommended the continued suspension of charter operations and funding, based not on the financial condition of the school, not on $3 million being stolen, but on the civil disobedience led by Mrs. Robinson following September 13, 2010, of simply continuing to keep the school open, having endangered the safety, health, and welfare of the students. (No. 4-10-CV-03498, Docket 19-8). 48. The filing of an action in this Court spurred the next incarnation of KTR.K's story on September 27, 2010. The video was later published on ABC's website, along with a printed article "Lawsuit filed against Benji's Academy," under Jessica Willey's byline. Willey wrote: "The Texas Education Agency doesn't know how the academy spent $3 million of state money." (Exhibit 9). 49. The article generated 15 comments on KTRK's website, including: 7 .... Ms. Robinson should be arrested, not because she's black, because she's a thiefl 8. I am just amazed as to why the parents are not suing Theaola Robinson and the old Board of Director, they are the ones who are stealing their children's future ... *** 12. You bet they want to keep it open, if its closed an investigation will show they were all taking money not to mention they won't be able to afford their new house, Hummer and boat payments the school and taxpayers were helping to buy. (Exhibit 9). 50. KTR.K's Cisneros returned to the story on September 30, 2010. The video was later published on KTRK's website, along with a printed article "Charter school fight goes to federal court," under Cynthia Cisneros's byline. Cisneros wrote: "The state says 12  Case 4: 11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01 /26/11 Page 13 of 15 it had no choice, alleging Benji's did not provide proper financial records to account for over $3 million in state funding for the past year." (Exhibit I 0). 51. The article generated 14 comments on KTRK's website, including: 11. The state is not to blame here. They need to sue the administrators to find out where the money is followed by prosecution of those who may have "mis-spent" it. Put blame where blame is due! *** 13. Simple! No money! Can not account for $9 [sic] million! Close the doors and take the administrators to court for mis-use of government (your) money .... (Exhibit 10). 52. The KTRK version of the saga was continued by Katie McCall on October 11, 2010. The video was later published on ABC's website, along with a printed article "Organizers plan to reopen troubled charter school," under Katie McCall's byline. McCall wrote: "On September 14, the TEA ordered Benji's Academy to close, citing millions of dollars in state funding that was not accounted for." (Exhibit 11 ). 53. The article generated 10 comments on KTRK's website, including: 2. the only thing organized about this plan is the organized crime *** 5.... the parents are supporting the administrators who have a little charisma along with a talent for lining their pockets ... 6 .... The mgmt of this facility, will continue to steal under the guide [sic] of a school, where the kids will continue to suffer[r] (Exhibit 11 ). 54. My Fox Houston ran a story about Benji's reopening under new management on October 11, 2010, with no mention of KTRK's reported "millions of dollars in state funding that was not accounted for." Yet, reader comments on Fox's website, reflected 13  Case 4: 11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXS D on 01 /26/11 Page 14 of 15 the damage to Mrs. Robinson's reputation created by KTRK's statements: "Why isn't Theaola Robinson being charged for misappropriated tax payer funds?" (Exhibit 12). 55. The series of stories broadcast by Defendant, The Walt Disney Company, are untrue and are libelous defamations as defined by Texas law. 56. These libelous defamations were not privileged and were made with malice and the express intent to destroy the reputation of Mrs. Robinson. 57. To the extent any statement in the libelous defamations published or uttered as part of the television broadcast set forth above were uttered or published by one other than The Walt Disney Company, The Walt Disney Company failed to exercise due care to prevent the utterance or publication of the statements. 58. The Court and factfinder need not indulge in any ratiocination to determine how a person of ordinary intelligence would interpret the complained of statements, whether the complained of statements were capable of defamatory meaning, or whether the public generally, and those who know or are acquainted with Mrs. Robinson specifically, understood that the statements referred to Mrs. Robinson. All that is amply demonstrated by the public comments detailed herein, matters not available to courts and juries at the time these legal standards were developed but readily available in the modem digital age and sufficient to prove beyond doubt the wanton and malicious destruction of a good and honest person's reputation. WHEREFORE, premises considered, Plaintiff demands judgment: 1. For libel per se damages found by the trier of fact without proof of special damages; 2. For actual damages and exemplary damages for malicious libel; and 14 Case 4:11-cv-00358 Document 1 Filed in TXSD on 01126111 Page 15 of 15 3. For all other relief, general and special, legal and equitable, to which she may show herself justly entitled. Respectfully submitted, Isl Berry Dunbar Bowen Berry Dunbar Bowen Fed ID No.: 6177 State Bar No.: 02721050 3014 Brazos Street Houston, TX 77006 (713) 521-3525 (voice) (713) 521-3575 (fax) berrybowen@comcast.net ATTORNEY IN CHARGE FOR PLAINTIFF 15  APPENDIX TAB J: Motion for Leave to Amend and Supplement Complaint in Shenitha Comb, et al. v. Rick Schneider, et al., Cause No. 4- 10-CV-03498, in the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division (WITHOUT EXHIBITS)  Case 4:10-cv-03498 Document 44 Filed in TXSD on 06/24/ll Page 1of4 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS HOUSTON DIVISION SHENITHA COMB; SHERITA SIMS- § COTTON; MINNIE ENGLISH; § TRACEY EADEN; LAKEISHA § Civil Action No. 4-10-cv-03498 PARI<.ER; NAOMI FLEMMING; IRIS § WILLIAMS; BEYERL Y BASHIR; § Jury Trial Requested BRENDA WITHFIELD; KATHY § BUTLER; DEMETRIUS HAWKINS; § RANDOLPH NICHOLS; and NANCY § WATTA, § § Plaintiffs, § § § v. § § RON ROWELL, SUPERINTENDENT § BENJI'S SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL § ACADEMY, INC.; KAY CARR, § MEMBER BOARD OF MANAGERS, § BENJI'S SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL § ACADEMY, INC.; JAMES HOLMAN, § MEMBER BOARD OF MANAGERS § BENJI'S SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL § ACADEMY, INC.; EARNESTINE § PATTERSON, MEMBER BOARD OF § MANAGERS OF BENJI'S SPECIAL § EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY, INC.; § and ROBERT SCOTT, § COMMISSIONER TEXAS § EDUCATION AGENCY, § § Defendants. § PLAINTIFFS' MOTION FOR LEAVE TO AMEND AND SUPPLEMENT COMPLAINT Pursuant to Rules 15(a) and 15(d), Fed.R.Civ.P., Plaintiffs move for leave to amend and supplement in order to strengthen their allegations both factually and jurisdictionally and to effect the joinder of parties both plaintiff and defendant. The facts alleged in the proposed third amended complaint demonstrate:  Case 4:10-cv-03498 Document 44 Filed in TXSD on 06/24/11 Page 2 of 4 1. The proposed amendment joins parties plaintiff who complain of injuries arising from the same occurrence as alleged by current parties plaintiff. All plaintiffs seek redress under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. All issues of fact and law giving rise to the claims are identical. Only the claims for damages differ as to each plaintiff in nature and amount. 2. As stated Docket Entry No. 8, part of the story here is the deliberate dissemination of false and misleading information through the media on September 15, 2010, that stated "over 3 million dollars is unaccounted for," successfully creating a public perception that Benji's management and Mrs. Theaola Robinson particularly had simply been running a scam and had stolen millions in public money. This was done in order to crush at the outset public support for the Benji's community's exemplary campaign of civil disobedience to clearly unlawful state action. This conduct was committed the day after the unlawful closure in a direct attempt of furtherance of the state's efforts to deprive constitutional rights and summarily close Benji's. This is one occurrence, one event inflicting multiple harms on variously situated persons. The joinder of parties defendant properly brings before the Court all parties responsible to redress the harm intentionally inflicted by this calumny maliciously published in order to quash peaceful resistance to unlawful state action depriving constitutional rights, itself resulting in grievous damage of various character and amount, to each plaintiff individually. 3. Joinder of all parties was sought to be effected by the agreed date, but all previous joinders were stricken as procedurally defective. 2  Case 4:10-cv-03498 Document 44 Filed in TXSD on 06/24/11 Page 3 of 4 4. Further facts have come to light, even without discovery, which has just commenced, and the proposed amendment also supplements the previous pleading by setting forth events which have happened since the date of the pleading sought to be amended. The question on the instant motion is whether, pursuant to Rule l 5(a), Fed.R.Civ.P., Plaintiffs should be granted leave to amend and to file the attached amended complaint in this action. A memorandum in support of Plaintiffs' position is attached. WHEREFORE, movants respectfully request and pray that the Court conclude that justice so requires and freely give leave to Plaintiffs to file the attached amended complaint. A form of order granting the requested relief accompanies this motion. Respectfully submitted, /s/ Berry Dunbar Bowen Berry Dunbar Bowen Fed ID No.: 6177 State Bar No.: 02721050 3014 Brazos Street Houston, TX 77006 (713) 521-3525 (voice) (713) 521-3575 (fax) berrybowen@comcast.net ATTORNEY IN CHARGE FOR PLAINTIFFS Of Counsel: Robert A. Jones, Esq. State Bar No.: 10941500 2211 Norfolk Street, Suite 600 Houston, TX 77098 (713) 526-1171 (voice) (713) 528-3415 (fax) 3  Case 4:10-cv-03498 Document 44 Filed in TXSD on 06/24/11 Page 4 of 4 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing was served to the parties listed below either via electronic means as listed on the Court's ECF noticing system or via United States first-class mail, on June 24, 2011. Nancy K. Juren, Esq. Drew L. Harris, Esq. Office of the Attorney General PO Box 12548, Capital Station Austin, TX 78711 /s/ Berry Dunbar Bowen Berry Dunbar Bowen 4  APPENDIX TAB K: Nonparty KTRK Television, Inc.' s Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave to Amend and Supplement Complaint in Cause No. 4-10-CV-03498 (WITHOUT EXHIBITS)  Case 4:1 O-cv-03498 Document 47 Filed in TXSD on 07/07/11 Page 1 of 9 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS HOUSTON DIVISION SHENITHA COMB, SHERITA § SIJVlS-COTTON, MINNIE ENGLISH, § TRACEY EADEN, LAKEISHA PARKER, § NAOMI FLEMMING, IRIS WILLIAMS, § BEVERLY BASHIR, BRENDA § WITHFIELD, KATHY BUTLER, § DEMETRIUS HAWKINS, RANDOLPH § NICHOLS, NANCY 'VATTA, SEDALIA § PIPPINS, RUFUS PORTER, ANDREA § JOHNSON, JACQUELINE BELL-TORAN,§ THEAOLA ROBINSON, URICA § SAMUEL, CHARLES SOLARI, and § BENJI'S SPECIAL EDlJCA TIONAL § ACADEMY, INC., § Plaintiffs, § § v. § CIVIL ACTION NO. 4-10-CV-03498 § RICK SCHNJ~IDER, FORMER § JURY TRIAL REQUESTED SUPERINTENUENT BEN.Jl'S SPECIAL § EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY; RON § ROWELL, SUPERINTENDENT BENJI'S § SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY; § KAY CARR, MEMBER BOARD OF § MANAGERS, BEN.JPS SPECIAL § EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY; .JAMES § HOLMAN, MEMBER BOARD OF § MANAGERS, BENJI'S SPECIAL § EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY; § EARNESTINE PATTERSON, MEMBER § BOARD OF MANAGERS OF BENJI'S § SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY; § ROBERT SCOTT, COMMISSIONER, § TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY; THE § WALT DISNEY COMPANY; ABC § TELEVISION NETWORK, INC.; CC § TEXAS HOLDING CO., INC.; and § KTRK TELEVISION, INC., § Defendants. §  Case 4: 1O-cv-03498 Document 47 Filed in TXSD on 07 /07 /11 Page 2 of 9 NONPARTY KTRK TELEVISION, INC.'S OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFFS' MOTION FOR LEA VE TO AMEND AND SUPPLEMENT COMPLAINT Comes Now, KTRK Television, Inc. and files this its Nonparty Opposition lo Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave to Amend and Supplement Complaint, and in support thereof would show the Court that one plaintiff in the foregoing matter, Theaola Robinson, has previously filed a lawsuit against The Walt Disney Company for which she could never establish jurisdiction, let her summons lapse and ultimately dismissed the lawsuit without prejudice. She is now trying to incorporate her dismissed libel claims against media defendants for which there is no jurisdiction into this Section 1983 case against state actors. Not only do none of the Plaintiffs besides Ms. Robinson have an interest in any claim against the media, but also, Ms. Robinson's claim, if one exists, belongs only in state cout1 against KTRK Television, Inc. (and none of the other entities she seeks to join in this lawsuit through her current Motion for Leave to Amend) (Docket Entry No. 44). In short, plaintiff Robinson is seeking to have the Cou11 allow her to join improper parties and improper claims after the deadline lo amend her pleadings. I. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 1. On or about January 26, 2011, one of the plaintiffs in the foregoing case, Theaola Robinson, through her attorney of record, Berry Dunbar Bowen, filed a completely separate Complaint against The Walt Disney Company, Robinson v. The Walt Disney Company, Cause No. :/: J l-cv-00358, S.D. Tex. (J. Sim Lake) (attached hereto as Exhibit A). The jurisdiction vvas allegedly baty, •t11 s8 ~L C'Lri' ,-, THF. WALT DISNEY COMPANY: CC § : 10. T~dtemcnt succinctly expresses the situation at a remarkable institution. created and nurtured by the mother love and determination of a tireless educator. Mrs. Robinson . .frJ/' thirty years. and reveals the context in which the occurrences giving rise to the rights to relief stated in this action quickly transpired over the next forty days.  I I. For the thirty years prior to August 20 I 0. Mrs. Robinson had. in total and complete obscurity. through much trial and sacrifice. and with virtually no private support. endeavored to provide for the most helpless and disadvantaged. the most forgotten and discarded. of the young in our society. a setting where they could find a loving and caring home. and. just possibly. find u chance at self-respect.~-discipline. and a foundation for a socially productive and rewarding life. ~ a ~ having endangered the safety. health. and welfare of the students. (t~-1 O-CY-03498. ~ Docket 19-8). "~ ~ 40. ·n1e filing of an action in this Court spurred the nex~nation or KTRK's story on September 27. 2010. The video was later publishcg ~l3Cs website. along with a ~ printed article ..Lawsuit filed ugainst Benji·s Actf!· under Jessica Willey·s byHnc. Willey wrote: "The Texas Education Agenc~~n't know how the academy spent $3 million of state money:· (Exhibit 8). ~ comme~on KTRK"s website. including: 41. The article generated 15 7.... Ms. Robinson shouW~~rrested. not because she's black. because she's a thief1 n~ {) 8. I am just amazed ~to why the parents arc not suing Theaola Robinson and the old Board~EJirector. they arc the ones who arc stealing their childrcn·s futu~p.©J u- *** 12. You b.,e~y want to keep it open. if its closed an investigation will show tlI~rc all taking money not to mention they won't be able to afford ~ new house. Hummer and boat payments the school and taxp~ were helping to huy. (Exhibit~ 42. KTRK's Cisneros returned to the story on September 30. 2010. The video was later published on KTRK's website, along with a printed article "Charter school light goes to federal court:· under Cynthia Cisneros's byline. Cisneros wrote: '"The state says JO it had no choice. alleging Benji's did not provide proper linuncial records lo account for over $3 million in state funding f'or the past year:· (Exhibit 9). 43. The arlick generated 14 comments on KTRK's website. including: 11. The state is not to blame here. They need to sue the administrators to find out where the money is followed by prosecution or those wl:i..q~1ay have "mis-spent'· it. Put blame where blame is due! ~ *** ~iPjj) 13. Simple! No money! Can not account for $9 [sicl millioQose thc doors and take the administrators to court for mis-use t~overnmcnl (your) money.... ~ (Exhibit 9). i;f 44. The KTRK version of the saga was continued 0b~atie McCall on October 11. 2010. The video was later published on ABC'~· along with a printed article "Organizers plan to reopen troubled chartcro ~ool."' under Katie McCall" s byline. r;~ McCall wrote: ··on September 14, the T~rdercd Benji's Academy to close. citing ~not accounted for." (Exhibit I 0). millions or dollars in state funding that 45. The mticlc generated JO c~a1ts on KTRK's website. including: ~ 2. the only thing organ~ about this plan is the organized crime ~ *** 5.... the parents ~~upporting the administrators who have a little charisma ulong~a talent for lining their pockets ... 6.... The m~of this facility. will continue to steal under the guide fsic] of a scl~~cre the kids will continue to sufferlrJ (Exhibit l 0). ~ 46. ~~ Houston ran a story about l3enji's reopening under new management on October 11. 20to. with no mention of KTRK's reported ··millions of dollars in state funding that was not accounted for:· Yet, reader comments on Fox's website. retfocted 11 the damage to Mrs. Robinson·s reputation created by KTRK's statements: "Why isn't Theaola Robinson being charged for misappropriated tux payer l'undsT (Exhibit 11). E. Cuusc of Action - Defamation & Libel 47. The series of stories broadcast by Disney Defendants are untrue and are libelous defamations as defined by Texas law. if!~ ~@ 48. These libelous defamations were not privileged and were nu~ith malice and ~ the express intent to destroy the reputation of Mrs. Robinson and 1~~i·s. ,.,_-:;;·J 49. To the extent any statement in the libelous dcfam~publishcd or uttered us part of the television broadcast set forth above were ~~d or published by one other than the Disney Defendants. the Disney DetCndanJ!Ji~ to exercise due care to prevent the utterance or publication of the statements. Q ~ ~ 50. The Court and fucttinder need not ~e in any rutiocination to dekrmine how a ii~~rct the complained of statements. whether the person of ordinary intelligence would complained nf statements were ~c of defamatory meaning. or whether the public .~ generally. and those who kriQ) or arc acquainted with Mrs. Robinson specifically. understood that the statcmii~eferrcd ~ to Mrs. Robinson. All that is amplv demonstrated - by the public comm~getnilcd herein. matters not available to courts and juries at the time these lcg':\{,.rds w"c developed hut readily available in the modem digilal age and sufticicnt~rove beyond doubt the wanton and malicious destruction of a good and honest p~ reputation. 51. As detailed above. the school was in continuous operation throughout the preceding school year. Over forty staff members. from administrators. to teachers. ro janitors. were continuously employed. The school served meals. ran bus transportation. 12 provided activities, etc .. ull under the watchful eye of the TEA. No rational person could concluded that the entire oudget of over $3 million was unaccounted for and the reporting of such an accusation \Vas negligent and malicious. 52. All conditions precedent have been performed or have occurred. F. Request for Disclosures ~ ~ For actual damages and exei~ry damages for malicious libel: and 3. For all other relief. g~~nd special, legal and equitable. to which she may show hcrselfjustly~~~d. ug~~ Respectfully submitted. 0~1; d~~ ~ f~~Berry ~© Slutc rNo.:02721050 ~ 30 I 4 Brazos Street f Iouston. TX 77006 (713) 521-3525 (voice) (713)521-3575 (fox) berrybowen1g·komcust.nct ATTORNEY IN Cl !ARCH·: FOR PLAINTIFF 13  CEnTIFICATE OF SERVICE This is to certity that a true and correct copy or th.yjlbove and foregoing document has been sent via ~~~·.3 NI~\ to the following on this~"'tlay or January, 2012. Luura Lee Prather Catherine Lewis Robb 919 Congress Ave. Suite 1250 Austin. TX 78701 14  APPENDIX TAB 0: Appellee' s Motion to Dismiss For Lael( of Jurisdiction, in No. 01-12-003 72-CV  NO. 01-12-00372-CV IN THE FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS KTRK TELEVISION, INC., Appellant, v. THEAOLA ROBINSON, Appellee. APPEAL FROM THE 234rn JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS APPELLEE 'S MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF JURISDICTION Berry Dunbar Bowen Texas Bar No. 02721050 3014 Brazos Street Houston, Texas 77006 (713) 521-3525 (713) 521-3575 (facsimile) berrybowen@com cast. net www.bowenlawyers.net Attorneys for Appellee  APPELLEE'S MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF .JURISDICTION A. ST A TEMENT FOR RELIEF I. Appellee, Theaola Robinson, asks this Court to dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. B. BACKGROUND FACTS 2. On September 4, 2011, Theaola Robinson brought a defamation suit against KTRK Television, Inc. ("KTRK") and others. 3. On December 21, 2011, KTRK filed and served a motion to dismiss pursuant to Chapter 27, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code. 4. On January 12, 2012, Robinson and KTRK filed a Rule 11 Agreement 1 consenting to the hearing of the motion to dismiss being set beyond the 30 h day after the date of service of the motion. 5. On February 13, 2012, the 234 1h Judicial District Court heard the motion. 6. On February 23, 2012, the 2341h Judicial District Court issued its order denying KTRK's motion to dismiss. 7. On April 20, 2012, KTRK filed its notice of appeal. C. ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES 8. This case should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction, as there is no statutory provision authorizing an interlocutory appeal in this situation. Unless an interlocutory appeal is specifically authorized by statute, the appellate court has no jurisdiction. See Qwest Communications Corp. v. AT&T Corp., 24 S.W.3d 334, 224 (Tex. 2000); Northeast Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Aldridge, 400 S.W.2d 893, 895 ( 1966). 9. The types of interlocutory orders that may be appealed are strictly regulated by statute, and an interlocutory appeal is only authorized if it fits one of the exceptions specifically created by the legislature. Cherokee Water Co. v. Ross, 698 S.W.2d 363, 365 (Tex. 1985). Generally, authorized interlocutory appeals are set out in § 51.014 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 51.014( a)( I )-(10). KTRK has not brought this interlocutory appeal upon any of the specifically created exceptions in § 51.014, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code. 10. KTRK has stated that this appeal is accelerated under § 27.008 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code. It is assumed, therefore, that KTRK is relying on that statute to create jurisdiction over an interlocutory appeal of the trial court's February 23, 2012 order denying KTRK's motion to dismiss. However, that section does not provide for an interlocutory appeal of the trial court's February 23, 2012 order, accelerated or otherwise. The statute provides: 1 Sec. 27.008. APPEAL. (a) If a court does not rule on a motion to dismiss under Section 27.003 in the time prescribed by Section 27.005, the motion is considered to have been denied by operation of law and the moving party may appeal. 1 This is presumably a case of first impression; however, Movant notes that Case No. 02-12-00047-CV, Jennings v. Wal/Builder Presentations, Inc., is currently pending in the 2nd Court of Appeals in Fort Worth as an interlocutory appeal of an express order denying a motion to dismiss brought pursuant to Chapter 27. 2  (b) An appellate court shall expedite an appeal or other writ, whether interlocutory or not, from a trial court order on a motion to dismiss a legal action under Section 27.003 or from a trial court 's failure to rule on that motion in the time prescribed by Section 27.005. (c) An appeal or other writ under this section must be filed on or before the 60th day after the date the trial court 's order is signed or the time prescribed by Section 27.005 expires, as applicable. Section 27.008, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code (emphasis added). 11. This appeal does not present an interlocutory appeal under § 51.0 I4(a)(6) which allows media defendants who were denied summary judgment upon a free speech/free press defense to a defamation action under Chapter 73 of the Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, to pursue an interlocutory appeal. The order appealed here is an order denying a motion to dismiss brought pursuant to Chapter 27, not an order denying a motion for summary judgment on a claim under Chapter 73. In Chapter 27, the Legislature very clearly set up a procedure outside of summary judgment that provides for early consideration of a motion to dismiss a legal action, upon no or limited discovery, with an expedited time table. The Legislature clearly did not provide for interlocuto1y appeal of an express denial of a motion to dismiss. By the express terms of § 27.008(a) and (b), an express denial of the motion to dismiss does not trigger a right for a defendant to take an interlocutory appeal. The right to interlocutory appeal is restricted to situations in which the trial court does not timely rule on the motion, and the motion is thus considered to have been denied by operation of law. However, in a defamation action against a media defendant, express denial of a motion to dismiss does not hamper a media defendant from subsequently filing a motion for summary judgment which, if 3 denied, would trigger a specifically legislated right to an interlocutory appeal under § 5 l .014(a)(6). 12. These schemes are distinct. An interlocutory appeal of the express denial of the motion to dismiss under Chapter 27 cannot be equated to an appeal under § 51.0 l 4(a)(6), as that appeal would be untimely. Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure Rule 26.1 (b) provides that accelerated appeals must be filed within 20- days of the appealable order being signed. This appeal was taken 57-days after the order was signed, and while timely if it was an accelerated appeal properly brought under Chapter 27, it is not timely for an accelerated interlocutory appeal brought on any grounds in Chapter 51, including an appeal of denial of a motion for summary judgment brought by a media defendant in a defamation action. 13. If the parties agree, a trial court may issue a written order for interlocutory appeal in an action not otherwise appealable under §51.014. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code§ 51.014(d). There has been no such agreement and order in this action. If the trial court does not issue an order permitting an interlocutory appeal, and none of the other statutory grounds apply, the appellate court must dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code§§ 51.014(a), (d); see also Haase v. Meissner, Bolte & Partner, GBR, No. 14-11-00114-CV (Tex.App. - Houston [14th Dist.], June 19, 2012, n.w.h.) (Intermediary appellate courts lack jurisdiction to review interlocutory orders unless a statute specifically authorizes an exception to the general rule, citing Qwest Communications Corp., supra.). 4  14. The only right to interlocutory appeal by the movant under Chapter 27 arises from a situation where the trial court fails to rule on the motion to dismiss in a timely fashion. Sections 27.008(a) and (b), Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, are the only sections which provide for an interlocutory appeal, and are clearly not applicable, as the trial court expressly ruled on KTRK 's motion to dismiss within the time prescribed by§ 27.005, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code. "We strictly apply statutes granting interlocutory appeals because they are a narrow exception to the general rule that interlocutory orders are not immediately appealable." Homes v. Perez, 340 S.W.3d 444, 447 (Tex. 2011) (citing Tex. A & M Univ. Sys. v. Koseoglu, 233 S. W.3d 835, 84 I (Tex. 2007); Bally Total Fitness Corp. v. Jackson, 53 S.W.3d 352, 355 (Tex. 2001); Tex. S. Univ. v. Gilford, 277 S.W.3d 65, 71 (Tex.App. - Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, pet. filed). No other language in § 27.008, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, can be interpreted as giving rise to the right to an interlocutory appeal when the trial court has timely denied the motion to dismiss, and no language in Section 51.014, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, provides for the right to an interlocutory appeal of a denial of a motion to dismiss under Chapter 27, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code. The statute also provides for accelerated appeals by the non-movant plaintiff of orders granting motions to dismiss, but does not provide for an interlocutory appeal where the plaintiff has joined multiple claims or multiple parties in an action and some claims against some defendants are not within the kinds of claims susceptible to a motion to dismiss under § 27 .003(a). If the plaintiff has brought only one claim and that claim is dismissed 5 under § 27 .OOS(b ), then an appeal by the plaintiff shall be expedited, but such an appeal would not be interlocutory, and that is why § 27.008(b) employs the language "whether interlocutory or not" in mandating expedition of all appeals authorized under Chapter 27, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code. 15. KTRK provided a policy discussion regarding passage of the Texas 1 Anti-SLAPP statute in their motion to dismiss pointing out "Texas is the 28 h state in the nation to adopt an Anti-SLAPP statute." It is therefore instructive to contrast the languages of some of those statutes with that of the Texas statute. For instance, in California, the right to an interlocutory appeal is clearly and explicitly granted: "An order granting or denying a special motion to strike shall be appealable under Section 904. l" Cal. Code of Civ. Proc. § 425.16(i). Additionally compare, Hawaii, Illinois, Missouri, and Vermont which all provide rights to an interlocutory appeal if an anti-SLAPP motion is denied. See Haw. Rev. Stat. § 634F-2(2)(A) (''. .. an immediate appeal from a court order denying the motion"); 735 Ill. Comp. Stat. 110/20(a) (" ... from a trial court order denying that motion"); Mo. Rev. Stat. § 537.528.3 (" ... shall have the right to an expedited appeal from a trial court order"); and 12 VT. Stat. Ann. Court Procedure § 1041 (g) ("An order granting or denying a special motion to strike shall be appealable in the same manner as an interlocutory order."). The Texas Legislature knows how to provide for interlocutory appeals. If the Texas Legislature had wanted to include the right to an interlocutory appeal from a trial court's express order denying a motion to dismiss, it could have; but it didn't. Instead, it specifically limited that right to 6 instances where the trail court does not timely rule and the motion is considered denied by operation of law. This situation is not presented here. The trial court timely denied KTRK's motion. Therefore, this Court has no jurisdiction for this interlocutory appeal. 16. In the specific context of defamation actions against media defendants, there is ample reason and perhaps even wisdom in the Legislature's express limitation of a right to interlocutory appeal by an unsuccessful movant under Chapter 27 to instances in which the trial court fails to rule on a motion to dismiss within a prescribed time period and the motion is thus considered denied by operation of law. If the trial court rules on the motion and grants it, the ruling may result in a final appealable judgment if there are no other claims raised by the petition. If the trial court expressly denies the motion, the case can proceed to discovery. If the trial court is vexed or unsure, it can allow the motion to be denied by operation of law and effectively defer to the appellate court for a ruling in the first instance. This scheme preserves the right of a media defendant whose Chapter 27 motion to dismiss is affirmatively denied by the trial court to perfect an interlocutory appeal if, after adequate opportunity for discovery, a motion for summary judgment filed in a defamation action is denied, thus allowing the trial court to exercise discretion over whether to permit interlocutory appeals by media defendants prior to discovery being had. A plaintiff must be given a right to discovery prior to dismissal of a defamation action in which liability is governed by a malice standard. See Herbert v. Lando, 441 U.S. 153, 160-177 (1979). What 7 is avoided by the Texas scheme is the possibility of seriatim interlocutory appeals in defamation claims against media defendants which trial courts determine to be prima facie meritorious without discovery but which may still fail after discovery on motion for summary judgment. 17. Appellate courts have jurisdiction to consider immediate appeals of interlocutory orders only if a statute explicitly provides appellate jurisdiction. Stary v. De Bord, 967 S. W.2d 352, 352-3 (Tex. 1998). The Court must strictly construe statutes authorizing interlocutory appeals. See American Online, Inc. v. 111 WWiams, 958 S.W.2d 268, 271 (Tex.App. - Houston [14 Dist.] 1997, no pet.). Lacking a statute explicitly providing the right of interlocutory appeal, this appeal must be dismissed. WHEREFORE PREMISES CONSIDERED, this appeal should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. Respectfully submitted, By: Isl Berry D. Bowen Berry D. Bowen Texas Bar No. 02721050 3014 Brazos Street Houston, Texas 77006 (713) 521-3525 (713) 521-3575 (facsimile) berrybowen@comcast.net Attorney for Appellee 8  CERTIFICATE OF CONFERENCE I certify that as required by Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure I 0.1 (a)(5), counsel for Appellee, Berry D. Bowen, conferred with Appellant's counsel-of- record Catherine Robb about the merits of this motion on July 11, 2012, and Appellant opposes this motion. Isl Beny D. Bowen Berry D. Bowen CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE Pursuant to Tex. Rules of Appellate Procedure 9.5(e) and 25. l(e), the foregoing has been served on July 13, 2012 on the following attorney of record. Laura Lee Prather, Esq. Via Facsimile (512) 867-8609 Catherine Lewis Robb, Esq. 600 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Attorney for Appellant KTRK Television, Inc. Isl Berry D. Bowen Berry D. Bowen 9  APPENDIX TAB P: Order of February 22, 2013 in No. 01-12-00372-CV  COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT HOUSTON ORDER ON MOTlON Cause Number: 01-12-00372-CV Trial Court Cause Number: 1154895 Style: KTRK Television, Inc.("KTRK") v Theaola Robinson Type of motion: Emergency Motion to Stay Is appeal accelerated? 18] YES D NO Ordered that motion is: 18] Granted If document is to be flied. document due: D Absent extraordinmy circumstances. the Court will not grant additional motions to extend time D Denied D Dismissed (e.g.. want of jurisdiction, moot) 18] Other: Trial is stayed pending further action of this Court. Judge's signature: Isl Jim Sl!\l.IQ 18] Acting individually 0 Acting for the Court Panel consists of Date: February 22. 2013  APPENDIX TAB Q: Notice of Hearing in Cause No. 2011-54895  8/14/2014 3:22:40 PM Chris Daniel - District Clerk Harris County Envelope No. 2163547 By: LAWANDA CORNETT CAUSE NO. 2011-54895 THEAOLA ROBINSON, § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF § Plaintiff, § v. § HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS § THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY; § CC TEXAS HOLDING CO., INC.; and, § KTRK TELEVISION, INC. § § Defendants. § 234TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT DEFENDANTS' NOTICE OF ORAL HEARING PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that Defendants The Walt Disney Company ("TWDC") and CC Texas Holding Company, Inc. ("CCTHC") Special Appearances filed on November 18, 2011 are hereby set for oral hearing on September 29, 2014 at 1:30 p.m. Also, PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that Defendant KTRK Television, Inc.'s ("KTRK") Motion And Brief In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Court Costs, Expenses, And Sanctions And For Entry Of Final Judgment Pursuant To Chapter 27 Of The Civil Practice And Remedies Code filed on August 14, 2014 is hereby set for oral hearing on September 29, 2014 at 1:30 p.m. Respectfully submitted, HA YNES AND BOONE LLP By:_/s/ Laura Lee Prather_ _ _ _ _ _ __ Laura Lee Prather Texas State Bar No. 16234200 Laura.Prather@haynesboone.com Catherine Lewis Robb Texas State Bar No. 24007924 Catherine.Robb@haynesboone.com  600 Congress A venue, Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Tel.: (512) 867-8400 Fax.: (512) 867-8470 ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANTS KTRK TELEVISION, INC., THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY, AND CC TEXAS HOLDING COMPANY, INC. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE This is to certify that a true and correct copy of the above and foregoing document has been sent to the following counsel of record and party herein in accordance with the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure on this the 14th day of August, 2014. Berry Dunbar Bowen 3014 Brazos Street Houston, Texas 77006 Theaola Robinson 5505 Jensen Drive Houston, TX 77026 Laura Lee Prather Catherine Lewis Robb 2  APPENDIX TAB R: Supplemental Affidavit on Attorney's Fees in Cause No. 2011-54895  9/26/2014 2:58:36 PM Chris Daniel - District Clerk Harris County Envelope No. 2640142 By: LAWANDA CORNETT CAUSE NO. 2011-54895 THEAOLA ROBINSON, § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF § Plaintiff, § v. § HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS § THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY; § CC TEXAS HOLDING CO., INC.; and, § ~7 KTRK TELEVISION, INC. § ~rf!j JUDICI~QSTRICT § Defendants. § 234TH o~ SUPPLEMENT AL AFFIDAVIT OF LAURA PR.ATHE SUPPORT OF AWARD OF ATTORNEYS' FEES COSTS EXPENS DSANCTIONS PU~SUANT TO THE TEXAS ANTI-SLAPP STAT CHAPTER 27 OJ' THE CIVIL PRACTICE AND REM • .•SCODE ~ . BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, on th~ay personally appeared Laura Lee Prather, known to me to be the person whose na~~qbscribed below and after having been duly sworn, on her oath stated as follows: #' 1. "My name is Laura Lee Pratb~ I am over the age of eighteen (18) years. I have never been convicted of a felony or a cr~~pi~olving moral turpitude, am under no disabilities, and am fully competent and qualifie0d~make this affidavit. Each of the statements in this affidavit is within my personal kno~e and is true and correct. 2. I am a partner w'tQ:e law firm of Haynes and Boone, LLP, in their Austin, Texas office. I have been Ii .d to practice law in the State of Texas since 1992. I hold degrees from The Universi exas in Austin where I obtained a B.B.A. with highest honors in 1988 and obtained my with honors from the University of Texas in Austin in 1991. After completing law school,~erved as a judicial clerk to United States District Judge Hayden W. Head, Jr. for one y9~({_)/j am admitted to practice before the United States Courts for the Southern, Nort~e 9 ~'6stern and Eastern Districts of Texas, the United States Fifth, Ninth and Tenth Courts of eals, and the Texas Supreme Court. I am also admitted to practice in the States of CaJJ._.fi 1a, New York and the District of Columbia. I have received various recognition~m my peers and through publications, which are described on my resume, attached as Exhibit A-2 hereto. 3. I have more than twenty years of experience practicing general civil litigation and specializing in First Amendment disputes in both federal and state courts throughout Texas including in Harris County, Nueces County, Bexar County, Travis County, Dallas County, El Paso County, and more. I have represented hundreds of companies and individuals in a wide range of cases, including defamation and other cases involving First Amendment concerns. Accordingly, I am familiar with the standards for practicing law and the usual and customary Supplemental Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Costs, Expenses and Sanctions 1Of20  fees for litigation of this nature in Hanis County. I am qualified by knowledge, skill, experience, training, and education to make the statements contained in this affidavit. 4. I am also intimately familiar with the recently enacted Texas Citizens Participation Act (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, Ch. 27) and the amendments to it contained in HB 2935 passed during the 2013 Legislative session. I worked to obtain passage of both bills, which provide the mechanism for dismissal. Since its passage, I have litigated numerous defamation cases in which we have filed Anti-SLAPP Motions. I have also been called upon as a consultant with regard to Anti-SLAPP matters throughout the State. ~ 5. This affidavit contains infonnation relating to the reasonal1fe~'orneys' fees and expenses incurred by Defendant KTRK in defonse of the above-caption~'fuial action. Pursuant to Texas Civil Practices & Remedies Code §27.009(a)(l ), I he11.~~ submit this affidavit addressing the following factors: (a) the novelty and difficulty of t~"Uestion involved and the skill requisite to perfonn the legal services properly; (b) the f~stomarily charged in the locality for similar legal services; (c) the total dollar amount i~ed and the results obtained; (d) time limitations imposed by the client or the circumstan~ (e) the experience, reputation, and ability of the finn and the attorney handling the mai!tt"~e Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §26.003(a); Rule 1.04(b), Texas Disciplinary Rules of Pr sional Conduct. I am familiar with the factors established by the Texas Supreme C~ ·egarding the determination of the reasonableness of attorneys' fees, and I have takt~If' of those factors into c. onsideration in aniving at an opinion as to the reasonable attorney~es and expenses incurred by KTRK in this legal action. ~ 6. Plaintiff filed her Origina~Pe· n against Defendants on September 14, 2011. In September 2011, I, while a partner at Se ck LLP, was engaged to represent Defendants in this lawsuit. In June 2012, I became rtner at Haynes and Boone, LLP and continued to represent Defendants in this lawsuit.~ 7. Defendants the irlQsney Company and CC Texas Holding Co., Inc. each filed special appearances while De , nt KTRK filed its answer, special exceptions, and an anti- SLAPP motion to dismiss. © 8. Robinson~ suit against KTRK and/or its parent company over the same broadcasts, without su~, on two prior occasions, first by improperly suing KTRK's ultimate parent company,!®¥alt Disney Company ("Disney"), in federal court (Cause No. 4-10-CV- 03498) and then empting to add Disney and KTRK to a lawsuit she had joined against the TEA (Cause N~ -l 1-CV-00358). Robinson filed these actions despite being shown prior decisions an~isputed evidence that there was no jurisdiction over Disney. Not surprisingly, both federal suits were unsuccessful but resulted in substantial unnecessary expenditure of fees by KTRK. However, this state suit and the basis for the Anti-SLAPP award of attorneys' fees, was filed on September 14, 2011. 9. The nature of this proceeding involved a new statute in an emerging area of law. From the outset of this case, Plaintiff chose to ignore the actual statements that were made in the broadcasts at issue and instead mischaracterize them to the Court. Her repeated lawsuits in multiple jurisdictions as well as subsequent writs of mandamus and other unrecognized post- 2 A-308484_1 Supplemental Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support or Award or Attorneys' Fees, Costs, Expenses and Sanctions 2 or20 appeal filings, as well as her refusal to recognize the truth of the statements made (that were further substantiated by discovery responses from the involved state agencies), needlessly increased the cost of this defense. Furthermore, while continuing to ignore Plaintiffs evidentiary issues in this case, Plaintiffs uncompromising stance at every stage in the litigation, including the filing of her 289-page response to Defendant's anti-SLAPP Motion to Dismiss, and the filing of her Amended Petition on January 23, 2012 (after the filing of Defendant's anti- SLAPP Motion to Dismiss), and failure to provide prlma facie evidence against Defendant's anti-SLAPP Motion to Dismiss, resulted both in the delay of the trial date and the expense of significantly more attorneys' fees than would have otherwise been incurred. ~ 10. KTRK's anti-SLAPP motion filed on December 21, 2011 a new statute"~ed in an emerging area of law which required extensive and thorough resear@~~~~ther Texas state court rulings. When Plaintiff filed a 283-page response to Defend~~otion contesting the applicability and the constitutionality of the statute, KTRK was r~~d to defend the statute requiring lengthy hours of drafting and preparation and research of~er jurisdictions out of state in preparation for KTRK's Reply. ~ ~ 11. After the hearing on KTRK' s anti-SLAPP ~on to dismiss, post-submission briefing was extensive as well. On appeal, KTRK not ~completely briefed the court on a case that was, at that time, a matter of first impress~~g) 16. The fees, costs, and expenses are ~n out on a monthly basis as follows: MONTH/YEAR ATTORNEY'S c~ EXPENSES& BILLING TOTALS BILLING FEES ~TS TRAVEL DATES PREVIOUS $2,888.62 $245,038.97 TOTAL' October 2011 - Au ust 2014 $0.00 $4.48 $5,647.97 $1,829.70 $6,160.00 NEW TOTAL ___.____$3_,,_,1_2_3_.23__,__ _$3_._8_9_5._80_.__ _ _$_258,676.64 g 17. $.total amount of attorneys' fees incurred on this case between the filing of the Original Petition and the date of the execution of this affidavit has been $251,689.29. 1 The Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support Of Award Of Attomeys' Fees, Costs, Expenses And Sanctions, Pursuant To The Texas Anti-Stapp Statute, Chapter 27 Of The Civil Practice And Remedies Code filed with the Court on August 14, 2014 contained all of the fees lnfonnation and invoices prior to August I, 20 I4 which are reflected in the previous total and incorporated herein by reference. 4 A-308484_1 Supplemental Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Costs, Expenses and Sanctions 4 of20  18. The total amount of expenses incurred on this case between the filing of the Original Petition and the date of the execution of this affidavit has been $3,895.80. 19. The total amount of costs incurred on this case between the filing of the Original Petition and the date of the execution of this affidavit has been $3,123.23. 20. Accordingly, the total reasonable and necessary attorneys' fees, costs and expenses incurred in defending against Plaintiffs suit are $258,676.64, including fees, costs and expenses incurred up to and including the filing of this affidavit. ~L ~ 21. The attorneys' fees incurred are the usual and customary fe~r this work and are reasonable and necessary and were incurred in the defense of Plainti~laims2 • In making that evaluation, I considered the fees customarily charged in this arite the same or similar services; the amount that Plaintiff claimed and placed in contr~ ; the favorable results obtained for Defendant; the likelihood that acceptance of thi&;. ~P oyment precluded other employment by me and Haynes and Boone; the experience,~tation, and ability of those involved in this lawsuit; the novelty of the Texas Anti-§&.7\FPP statute and its dismissal procedure; and the time limitations imposed by the Texas A~APP statute. I also considered the amount of evidence that needed to be filed, the di~fic f the appellate filings, and the fact that the case implicates Defendant's First Amendme s to report on an ongoing matter of public concern. ()~ 22. Counsel in this matter has parti~1zed expertise in this area of the law, has more litigation experience with the anti-SLAI{j tute than most, if not all, attorneys in Texas, and was intimately involved in the legislati~s istory. The litigation has been handled in the most efficient manner possible, and the ;®1-SLAPP motion filed in an expeditious fashion within the parameters of the statute. Th~easonable and necessary fees incuned in this matter include, but are not limited to, pr~P, · and filing pleadings and other papers with the court; conducting legal research; reviewi. evaluating the case to dismissal; developing, exploring, and implementing legal theories , strategies to present Defendant's defenses to Plaintiffs claims; investigating the facts,j\~uments, testimony, and other evidence relevant to the dispute; preparing for hearing; and, r~mg legal arguments presented by Plaintiff. 23. I have rajQed the time allocated to this matter and the work performed by Haynes and Boon~, L . ~ am familiar with my work and the work that was performed by other attorneys in this c am also familiar with the work performed by the paralegal, which was performed under irection and supervision and consists of work traditionally performed by attorneys. T~e services rendered by the paralegal under my direction and supervision in this case ha luded assisting in preparing exhibits to the Motion to Dismiss, assistance in preparing for ourt appearances, and document management. The services rendered by the 2 Arthur Anderson & Co. v. Perry Equip. Corp., 945 S. W.2d 8 I2 (Tex. 1997) requires the Court to consider: (a) the time and labor required; (b) the novelty and difficulty of the questions; (c) the skill requisite to perfonn the legal services properly; (d) the preclusion of other employment by the attorney due to acceptance of the case; (e) the customary fee; (f) whether the fee Is fixed or contingent; (g) the time limitations imposed by the client or the circumstances; (h) the amount involved and the results obtained;(i) the experience, reputation, and ability of the attorneys; (j) the "undesirability" of the case; and, (k) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client, Id. at 818. 5 A-308484_1 Supplemental Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Costs, Expenses and Sanctions 5 Of 20 paralegal and other professionals in this case were not clerical but were the type of services that would have been performed by an attorney if not performed by a paralegal or other professional. The paralegal and other professionals assigned to this case are qualified by education, experience, and training to perform the services required. I am also familiar with the expenses incurred by Defendant in this matter. It is my opinion that the time spent by the attorneys and paralegals, and the expenses incurred by Defendant, were reasonable and necessary in order to defend Defendant in connection with this legal action. 24. Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code §27.009 also provides~ a mandatory award of sanctions in an amount the Court determines is sufficient to a!re ~ Plaintiff from bringing actions similar to this action in the future, The amount of the sa s award is left to the Court's discretion. However, sanctions sufficient to deter Plaintiff f~m ·ling similar claims would be appropriate. It is apparent, from the sheer volume and const~ of Plaintiffs filings and activities in the Court of Appeals and the Texas Supreme Court, ~~n award of sanctions is not only appropriate, but is vital and necessary to deter Plaint~iff, ~rn her constant, repetitive filings with the courts always seeking yet another bite of the . For example, below is a chart showing the court filings by the Plaintiff since the l st C~ f Appeals opinion was issued on July 11, 2013 3 : orff»v Motion for Rehearing in No. 01-12-00372-CV Denied 8/21/2013 Petition for Review filed in Supreme Court No. 13.,- Denied 1/17/2013 0~ ~ Motion for Rehearing of Petition for Review le in Filed 2/03/2014 Denied 3/7/2014 Supreme Court ~ Filed 4/15/2014 Denied 6/06/2014 Motion for Rehearing of Petit~' o 0 W-ri-t-of---+---F-il-ed-6/-2-5/_2_0_14-4-1----P-en_d_in--g---1 Mandamus and Request for OJ; , rgument filed in Supreme Court No. 14-032 l 08/04/ I 4 Laura Prather R"iow ~f.P fuo """'';"prop""''"'°' moiloo lb•"" 0.70 08/11/l4 Lucy Netherton Revl~otlon for Attorney's Fees and Revise attorney's fees affidavit. 4.20 08/11/14 Laura Prather ~~ and outline suggested revisions to draft motion for fees. 0.50 08/12114 Alicia Calzada ~Qvlew and revise motion for fees. J.50 08/12/14 Lucy Netherton ;{!ff' Review Motion for Attorney's Fees and all exhibits; prepare and redact all billing 5.80 ~~ statements; revise Ms. Prather's affidavit including attorney's foes numbers. '(!;;:© 08/12/14 Laura Prather Review and revise Motion for Fees and supporting affidavits. 0.80 08/13114 Lucy Nethe~ Revise Motion for Attorney's Fees and prepare all exhibits for filing; review 5.20 current John Moore case for latest exhibit; review Ms. Prather's affidavit; research additional attorney's fees cases for inclusion In Motion; communicate with Ms. Prather regarding same; revise exhibit list for inclusion in Motion. 08/13/14 Laura Prather Continue working on Motion and Brief in Support offees and Affidavits and 2. 10 exhibits In support of same; send to client for comment. Supplemental Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Costs, Expenses and Sanctions 10 of 20 The Walt Disney Company September 11, 20 I4 Invoice Number: 21090701 Page 2 ClienVMatter Number: 0049141.00002 08/14/14 Alicia Calzada Locate Rustic Cedars' attorney's fees order for inclusion in motion. 0.10 08/J 4/14 Lucy Netherton Revise Motion for Attorney's Fees; finalize all exhibits for same; draft Order 4.70 Granting Motion on Attorney's Fees; revise Notice of hearing to reflect filing dates; draft Orders granting special Appearances; review district Court's docket regarding special appearances. 08/14/14 Laura Prather Review suggested edits to motion and exhibits. 0.30 08/14114 Catherine Robb Review and revise proposed Orders for filing; finalize and file M~or Fees ).10 and Orders, ~ 08/J 8/14 Lucy Netherton Communicate with court coordinator regarding new time fqfh~lng; draft 2.30 amended notice of hearing; obtain all cases cited in briefmg~reparation for hearing. r?~ Q~ 08/28/14 Laura Prather Review briefing 1.20 on motion for fees. Ch11rgeable Hours 30.50 Total Fees $5,700.50 Adjustment (Fee Adjustment Less I%) ($57.01) Total Adjusted Fees $5,643.49 A.mfiluU $4.48 $4,48 $5,647.97 USO $5,647.97 Supplemental Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Costs, Expenses and Sanctions 11 of 20 The Walt Disney Company September 11, 2014 Invoice Number: 21090701 Client/Matter Number: 0049141.00002 The Walt Disney Company lndlru Satyendra ABC Inc 77 West 66th Street 15th Fl New York NY I0023 Cllenl/M ntter: 0049141.00002 Thenoln Robinson Billing Attorney: Laura Prather REMIITANCE PAGE For Professional Services Through August 31. 2014 0 ~cr ~ ~ Remit to: Haynes and Boone LLP P.O. Box 841399 o~ Dallas, TX 75284-1399 Q~ Total Fees ~ o~ $5,700.50 Adjustment (Fee Adjustment Less 1%) ~ Total Adjusted Fees Qf@ $5,643.49 Total Expenses o~ $4.48 ~ Totnl Fees, Expenses nnd Charges ~ $5,647.97 ~ Total Invoice Balance Due USD $5,647.97 <@> 018··· ire fees are tho responsibility oflho sender. BANK A E !CA 100 West 3Jrd Street Now York, NY IOOOI For to the Account ofHA YNES AND BOONE, LLP ABA N0.~0- Operating Account No.: ri!f), . SWIFT Add"'' BOFAUSJN 0 For ACH Pnyments "~ r Credit to the Account ofHA YNES AND BOONE, LLP NO. 111 Operating Account No.: Please Reference Invoice Number: 21090701 01111••• Responsible Attorney: Laun Prather g Client Number: 0049141.00002 ~~ Supplemental Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Costs, Expenses and Sanctions 12 of 20 Supplemental Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Costs, Expenses and Sanctions 13 of 20  Laura Lee Prather laura.. prather@haynesboone.com Laura Lee Prather Is a partner In the Litigation Practice Gro~lfl the Austin office of Haynes and Boone, LLP. Laura focuses her practlc ~rst Amendment, Intellectual property and media and ente~~ t litigation and appeals. She has significant government relation rlence as an advocate at the Texas Legislature on First Amendm~1l Cl open government concerns. Laura advises an extenslVJl rrJ!Y of content providers Including onllne and traditional new~~~' magazines, radio and broadcasters, cable television stations, produ companies and music and sports entitles. She regularly wins early d~ "' ') I and summary judgment of cases - oftentimes without the expens~e o~ overy. For this, she was recognized In 2011 as a Bll Client Se All-Star. Q~ Laura was the lead author and nen~or for the three most significant pieces of First Amendment legwra:~\~?{1~ recent history In Texas - the reporters' privilege, the ant1-si::/ui# statute, and the Defamation Mitigation Act. Through her efforts, ~oth formed and led the coalitions In support of all three of these m~, making Texas the 37th state to pass a reporters' privilege, t state to adopt an antl·SLAPP statute, and the 32nd state to enac~'f action statute. All three laws are designed to promote and prot~'JTee speech rights In Texas. In 2011, Laum.~s named by The American Lawyer as one of the best 0 young i!~~yers In the nation. She was recognized for her substantial career rce advocate dedicated to preserving First Amendment rights, defend edla companies In cases Involving reporting on matters of public con~, and defending entertainment companies In theft of Idea, trademark arr~-P\.rlght Infringement litigation. Jn addition, Laura Is the first woman to if'~R/e Texas Daily Newspaper Association's "Legacy Award," and has been . . ~limed Texas Association of Broadcasters' "Associate of the Year" and as '·::~~'. .:.~ one of Texas Lawyer's "Extraordinary Women In Texas Law." :\S~:f{]r Published Decisions • KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, 409 S.W.3d 6B2 (Tex. App. - Hou. [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied) • Jehllng v. A.H. Belo Corp., slip copy, 2013 WL 5803813, N.D. Tex., October 28, 2013 (No. 3:11-CV-1258-B) µ~t!n, • Canales v. ALM Media, LLC, slip copy, 2013 WL 5719476, W.D. Tex. r,6.N!Jhest October 18, 2013 (No. A·12-CV·1036·LY) ,;:~,;· ..·;: • KTRK Television, Inc. v. Robinson, 01·12·00372-CV, 2013 WL 3483773 ~~ffe:~~J:'···'i;}~i!~ils (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] July 11, 2013, no, pet. h.) : ·: •·' ·,lstrJct court for Dallas, June 17, 2010 (No. 05-08-01123-CV) :}Ft:.r:,the. ~9rtJl1m1 Dls,trtct . ~:~~)}~';: ·;:~~,f1~1~·¢,g~rt for ·· &t'i:1l~riroi5tr1et· ):~mijf\?.fIT.~~kf : . i.;. · ·.. · .·. • • 31, :W09 {No. 05-09-00857-CV) Rosenfeld v. Twentieth Century Fox Fflm Corp., 37 * In re Rabb, 293 S.W.3d 865, 2009 WL 2437212 1 Tex. App. - Dallas, July ~~~· Rep. 1348 (C,D. Cal. 2009) o~ <;::~~\:AH:~~~PJ~f-~ct ~?urt tor ;::i~=.}:.tfie,V/.estern District . · • Busch v. lovers lane United Methodist Church,'Jf@8 WL 345450, Tex. ''i)!~~;~'' . • App. - Dallas, February 8, 2008 (No. 05-07-~·CV) Plkl v. Enriching Entertainment, llC, 2ogw00004, E.D. Tex., January 7, 2008 (No. CIV.A. 4:07CV514) Q~ • Huffman v. Best for Texas PAC, 37~dfa L. Rep. 1351 (Tx. Dist. Ct. - Harris Co. 2008) o~ • KENS-TV, Inc. v. Farias, 36 ~· Rep. 1076 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2007, no pet.) Q • Bailey v. Bowles, 2006 ~3121678, Tex. App. - Dallas, October 26, 2007 (No. 05-07-006~V) • Busch v. lovers (ff:;f:jn/ted Methodist Church, 2007 WL 2380293, Tex. App. - Dallas,~'Yst 22, 2007 (No. 05-07-00761-CV) • Busch v. Wlllr:ljs, 2007 WL 2254939, N.D. Tex. February 7, 2007 (No. CIV,A. 3~1352-D) • In r~ant Corp., 2006 WL 1030153, Tex, App. - Corpus Christi, April l~v (No. 13-06-166-CV) • Jl1.re BP Products North America, Inc,, 263 S.W.3d 117 (Tex. App. - ©~cll. [1st Dist.] 2006, no pet.) Q Topheavy Studios, Inc. v. Doe, 33 Media L. Rep. 2192 (Tex. App. - ~ Austin 2005, no pet.) "i{/!fl • Boone R. Enterprises, Inc. v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., Paul Adrian ~~ and Ernestor Pena, 189 S.W.3d 795 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2005, no pet.) ~ • UTV of San Antonio, Inc. d/b/a KMOL-1V v. Ardmore, Inc., 82 S.W.3d ~- 609 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 2002, no pet.) • Provencio v. Paradigm Media, Inc., d/b/a The Texas Network, 44 S.W.3d 677 (Tex. App. - El Paso 2001, no pet.) • NW Communications of Texas, Inc., David Christopher and Kay Vinson v. John Power, Ind/vldually and d/b/a Brushleld Systems of America, 28 Media L. Rep. 2483 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2000, pet. denied) • Sharp v. Cox Texas Publ/catlons, Inc., 943 S.W.2d 206 (Tex. App. - Austin 1997, no writ) • Memorial Hosptla/-The Woodlands v. The Honorable F. Scott Mccown, 927 S.W.2d 1 (Tex. 1996) In a.ddltlon to her orlvate oractl.c.e Laur.a.has server! as the oroar.am Supplemental Affidavit of Laura nather Jn ::;upport Ot Awara OfAtti5rneys· t-ees, Gosts,Bpenses ana ::;anctlons 15 of 20  attorney for the national television shows Christina's Court and Judge Alex, serves as an adjunct professor at the University of Texas School of Law in Media & Entertainment Law, and was the editor of the E-Copyright /Aw Handbook published by Aspen Law and Business. Laura works on legislative initiatives and lobbying as a member of the Texas Association of Broadcasters' Legislative Task Force, the Pubflc Participation Project's National Board of Directors, the General Counsel for the Legislative Advisory Committee of the Texas Dally Newspaper Association and the Texas Press Association, and as a co-chair of the Freedom of Information Foundation of Texas' Legislative Committee. She has also Initiated and chairs the Media Libel Resource Center's State Legislative ~!flmlttee, bringing together lobbyists from virtually every state that~ on Jeglslatlon impacting the media industry and governme~~sparency. Laura has been elected to the National Board of Dlre~"%r the Student Press Law Center for the 2011-2013 term. ~ "~ In May 2009, Texas became the 37th state ti~ a reporter's privilege when Gov. Rick Perry signed the Texas Fre~ of Information Act. Laura represented the Texas Daily Newspaper !fSS« ation, the Texas Press Association, the Texas Association of o~sters and the Freedom of Information Foundation of Texas on 0t · ue. She was at the forefrorit of the efforts to get this law passed sl 05 and 2007. Laura was the chief drafter and negotiator for the Fr multiple times before various tlve committees In the process of gaining Its passage. o~ Selected l>ubllcatlo~ Speeches • "A Victory Fo~QAnti-SLAPP Laws," Law360, July 16, 2014. • "Texas News~m Legal Toolbox," Speaker, Texas Association of Broadca~, Austin, Texas, August 21, 2013. • "Ey~e Lege," Panelist, Freedom of Information Foundation of T~nual State Conference, Austin, Texas, August 9, 2013. • ~ntl-SLAPP laws," Speaker, American legislative Exchange Council, ~d\h Annual Meeting, August B, 2013. IF'~ 'V "A Trlfecta Of 1st-Amendment Advances In Texas," I.aw 360, July 29, ~ 2013. o~ • "The New Defamation Mitigation Act - How It Affects Texas Newsrooms," ~(() TABulletln, July 1, 2013. ~© • •open Government Seminar," panellst, State Bar of Texas Annual Meeting June 21, 2013. ~ • "New Laws Protecting Texas Newsrooms," Freedom of Information Foundation of Texas website, June 2013. • "Antl-SLAPP Update: Texas' Citizen Participation Act Gets Stronger," Freedom of Information Foundation of Texas website, June 21, 2013. • "Texas Adopts the Defamation Mitigation Act," Freedom of Information Foundation of Texas website, June 21, 2013. • "FOI Report," panelist, Texas Associated Press Managing Editors Annual Convention, April 7, 2013. • "Newsroom Outlook," panelist, Texas Association of Broadcasters 2013 legislative Day, January 2B, 2013. Supplemental Affidavit of Laur« PnMatJkS6.QJJIJ')tll@i!A~ltl~Atterllll}l$l;fi~~ ~:!} • "Let the Free Flow of Information Beg_fi~xas Adopts 'Reporter's Privilege'," author, Texas Press Ass~~n's eBulletln, July 2009. • "Legislative Update on Free F f , f l ' Speaker, Texas Press Association Annual Convention, June 19, Cl • "Texas Becomes Number~ States that have a Reporter's Privilege," author, MLRC Media LaWl't<ter, May 2009. "~dl • "The Television Decen~ Cases: Are F-Words and Fleeting Expletives Sanctlonable7" ~~tor, American Bar Association Section of Litigation Ann~Mference, April 30, 2009. • "Hot Issues 1i©hbpoenas," speaker, American Bar Annual Conference Forum on @nmunlcatlons Law, Scottsdale, AZ, February 5, 2009. • "A~v,"~the Free Flow of Information Act," speaker, Texas A ~lon of Broadcasters Legislative Day on the Free Flow Initiative, , TX, February 2, 2009. ~sr • ~~\edom of Information/Open Government Panel,• panelist, Texas (f' ~'Associated Press Managing Editor's Legislative Conference, Austin, TX, 'VJ January 7, 2009, (·~. "Golly, I Just Got Fined by the FCC Again I" author, Sedgwick's Media Law Bulletin, January 2009. ~ {0© • "Recent Attempts to Enact State Shield Laws," author, MLRC Committee Report, December 2008. ~ • "Newsroom Legal Issues I Free Flow of Information Act (FFOIA)," speaker, Southwest Broadcast Newsroom Workshop, Austin, TX, October 4, 2008. • "What the $-#*&Is up with the fleeting expletives (and fleeting Images)?" speaker on co-authored article, State Bar of Texas - 18th A11nual Entertainment Law Institute, October 2-3, 2008. • "The Journalist's Privilege and Shield Law," speaker, Austin Bench Bar Conference, San Antonio, TX, April 18, 2008. • "free Flow of Information," speaker, Texas Dally Newspaper Association's Statewide Convention, Austin, TX, March 11, 2008. • "Hot Issues In Newsgatherlng," facilitator, American Bar Association Supplemental Affidavit of Laura pfaffi'~Plh 'mi~9iW'aP~~dl~cm5A\tortiJ%t~e"?,Q~t!8!tlf.~~~&nmi1iRa>~r\bYit9~· 18 of20  FL, February 2008. Professional Recognition • Nominated for 2014 Americas Women In Business Awards, presented by Euromoney Legal Media Group • Named one of the top 45 women lawyers In the nation younger than age 45 by The American Lawyer, 2011 • Named to the BTI Client Service All-Stars Team for Law Firms, 2011 • Recipient of the Texas Dally Newspaper Association's L&l~ Award, 2010 ~'-':}' • Named Associate of the Year by Texas Assoclatlo~roadcasters, 2009 ~ • Profiled In Texas Lawyer In "Extraordlnary#:n In Texas Law," as one of the state's top 30 leading women I rs, 2008 0 , • Recipient of the Texas Association of~casters' Award of Honor for •outstanding Efforts In the Contlnu~~tle to Pass the Texas Free Flow of Information Act" during the BQ~glslature, 2007 Regular Session • Awarded the Special Preslden~ard by the Texas Association of Broadcasters, 2005 Q'{) • Selected as a Rising S~a@~fhe Legal Field, Austin Business Journal, 2004 ~ • Received the "Au~~der 40 Legal Award,• the Austin Young Men's Business Leag~ W Austin Young Women's Alliance, 2001 • Chosen as on~ the top 10 "Up-and-Comers on the Texas legal Scene• b_¥,~as Lawyer, 2000 • Mar:_~~ubbell® Law Directory with a Peer Review Rating of AV® Pr~nt™ P~lonal Leadership Qi5) American Bar Association Forum on Communications Law, Internet chair ~ • American Bar Association Utlgatlon magazine, editorial board, 2004- "~ 2012 ~l~y~'il.<:mosts, Expenses and Sanctions 19 of20  • Colorado River Foundation, former board member • Center for Child Protection, former advisory board member • Leadership Austin, 1998-1999 graduate Supplemental Affidavit of Laura Prather In Support Of Award Of Attorneys' Fees, Costs, Expenses and Sanctions 20 of 20  APPENDIX TABS: Plaintiffs Response to Motion to Dismiss in No. 2011-54895 (WITHOUT EXHIBITS)  No. 2011-54895 THEAOLA ROBINSON, § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF § Plaintiff, § § § v. § HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS § THE WALT DISNEY COMP ANY; § ABC TELEVISION NETWORK, INC.; § CC TEXAS HOLDING CO., INC.; and, § KTRK TELEVISION, INC. § § 234th JUDICIAL DISTRICT Defendants. § § § PLAINTIFF'S RESPONSE TO MOTION TO DISMISS Introduction Last year, Texas lawmakers unanimously passed the Texas Citizen Participation Act ("TCP A"), codified at § 27 .003 et seq. of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedy Code. Generally termed an anti-SLAPP code, the TCPA took effect June 17, 2011 and controls any actions filed after that date. SLAPP stands for "Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation." As an idea it refers to the type of lawsuit filed in retaliation for speaking out on a public issue or controversy, particularly the type oflawsuit that would ultimately fail if fully litigated, but is brought to chill free speech by intimidating critics with the prospects of defending an expensive litigation. In short, the lofty goals of anti-SLAPP laws are to protect the free speech rights of those that Jack money in the face of the resources that those they speak out against may bring to bear. This is an early anti- SLAPP case in Texas, and we see the abuse potential of this statue when a large media entity uses an anti-SLAPP motion to fight a defamation lawsuit. Indeed, in other states, such as California, anti-SLAPP motions came to be viewed as "a cloak of invincibility for the professional liability defense bar, insurance companies, collection agents and unscrupulous attorneys." McClelland, M. Dylan, SLAPPLash: the Courts Finally turn on California's Anti-SLAPP Motion, January 2009 (available at http://works.bepress.com/m_dylan_mcclelland/3). Summary of the Argument Upon defendant filing a motion under the TCP A, "a court shall dismiss a legal action against the moving party if the moving party shows by a preponderance of the evidence that the legal action is based on, relates to, or is in response to the party's exercise of: (1) the right of free speech." Tex.Civ.P.&Rem. Code § 27.00S(b). Therefore, KTRK bears the burden on its motion, and must show "by a preponderance of the evidence that the legal action is based on," KTRK's exercise of its right to free speech. Tex.Civ.P. & Rem. Code§ 27.00S(b)(I). The TCPA defines the exercise of free speech as "communication made in connection with a matter of public concern." Tex.Civ.P.&Rem. Code§ 27.001(3). Following KTRK's establishment of its burden, the burden then shifts to Plaintiff, and the Court may not dismiss if Plaintiff establishes by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for the essential elements of her claim. Tex.Civ.P. & Rem. Code § 27.00S(c). In determining whether this case should be dismissed, the Court shall consider the pleadings and supporting and opposing affidavits stating the facts on which the liability or defense is based. Tex.Civ.P. & Rem. Code§ 27.006. The elements of defamation against a media defendant brought by private individuals include: ( 1) publication of a statement; (2) that the statement was defamatory as to plaintiff; and (3) negligence by defendant. WFAA-TV, Inc. v. Mclemore, 978 2 S. W.2d 568, 571 (Tex. 1998). Plaintiffs can make a prima facie case on these elements, therefore the motion must be denied. Prima facie evidence is evidence that until overcome by other evidence suffices as proof of a fact in issue. Duncan v. Butterowe, Inc., 474 S.W.2d 619, 621 (Tex.Civ.App. -Houston [14 111 Dist.] 1971, n.w.h). KTRK freely admits that they published the statements complained of, and attach the publications as part of their exhibits. Falsity is an essential element of a defamation claim. Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps, 475 U.S. 767, 776-77 (1986); Cain v. Hearst Corp., 878 S.W.2d 577-580 (Tex. 1994). A statement is defamatory if it tends to injure the person's reputation. Means v. ABCABCO, Inc., 315 S.W.2d 209, 214 (Tex.App. -Austin 2010, no pet.). The statements were false, and injured Plaintiffs reputation. "Negligent conduct is determined by asking whether the defendant acted reasonably in checking the truth or falsity or defamatory character of the communication before publishing it." Scripps Texas Newspapers, L.P. v. Belalcazar, 99 S.W.3d 829, 837 (Tex. App. - Corpus Christi 2003, pet. denied)(internal quotations and citations omitted). As shown by the evidence, no allegation was made by the State of Texas of a missing $3 million. No allegation has anywhere been made by the State of Texas that any money was unaccounted for. Defendant has made no affidavit showing that it checked the facts in this regard. To establish that the defamatory statements were published with actual malice, the publication must be shown to be done "with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not." New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 279-80 (1964). Even if the Court were to apply the actual malice standard to this claim of a non-public figure, the evidence presented by Plaintiff establishes the 3 legally sufficient standards for an inference of actual malice. Moreover, if the Comi concludes malice standard applies and that the objective circumstances do not make a prima facie showing of malice, the Court must allow limited discovery to effectuate the TCPA savings provision in Section 27.011, or else the TCPA would violate the U.S. and Texas Constitutions and the common law. Common sense must be taken into account in the Court's decision. As a California court succinctly put it, "SLAPP suits 'masquerade as ordinary lawsuits' the conceptual features which reveal them as SLAPP'S are that they are generally meritJess suits brought by large private interests to deter common citizens from exercising their political or legal rights or to punish them for doing so." Paul v. Friedman, 95 Cal.App.4111 853, 862 (2002)(citations omitted). This suit was not brought by public figures or large private interests, rather it was brought by one private senior citizen, struggling to do good in one of Houston's most depressed communities. This suit was not brought against common citizens, but brought against one of the largest media corporations in the country and its local affiliate. This suit was not brought to deter the freedom of the press from reporting on the sad story of Benji's closure, rather it was brought to hold the sole outlet of the press accountable for a blatantly false statement. All the major news organizations reported the events which unfolded at Benji's on and after September 13, 2010. As detailed in the petition, none of the other news organizations reported anything like the statements made by Defendants and falsely attributed to the state. If Plaintiffs were attempting to deter free speech, they would have to go after all of them. There is a large difference between reporting the TEA's Commissioner's statement that his state board of managers alleged financial non- 4 viability, and falsely insinuating the embezzlement of over $3 million. Defendants should not be allowed to hide behind an anti-SLAPP shield to destroy the last bit of human dignity remaining to Mrs. Robinson. Argument 1. Plaintiffs have established a prima facie case of libel The specific statements alleged to be defamatory are fully laid out in the petition: 40. On September 15, 2010, on the 4:30 PM news, Houston ABC Channel 13, KTRK, in studio reporter Ilona Carson and field reporter Cynthia Cisneros aired a two and a half minute segment on the situation at Benji's. Cisneros said, "According to the State millions in tax payer dollars cannot be accom1ted for." After playing clips of a parent, Shanika Thompson, and of Benji's spokesmen, Richard Johnson, Cisneros went on to say, "The state closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the state doesn't know where over three million dollars of taxpayer money given last year has been spent." A transcript of the entire broadcast is attached hereto. (Exhibit 3). The video was later published on ABC's website, along with a printed article "Defiant leaders refuse to close school," under Cynthia Cisneros byline. Cisneros wrote: "For the state, the issue is simple - where is the money? They say millions of taxpayer dollars are unaccounted for .... The state closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the state doesn't know where the more than $3 million of taxpayer money given last year has been spent. .. " (Exhibit 4). *** 45. The story was repeated by Defendant later that month, on September 25, 2010, when KTRK's Dave Ward and Gina Gaston in-studio and Jessica Willey reporting, aired a nearly three minute segment on the situation at Benji's. The video was later published on KTRK's website, along with a printed aiticle "Questions raised over charter school's finances," under Jessica Willey's byline. Willey wrote: "Where is taxpayer money going and how is a taxpayer-owned building being used? ... The Texas Education Agency says it doesn't know how Benji's spent $3 million of taxpayer money, and a lease agreement obtained by Eyewitness News raises even new questions." (Exhibit 7). 46. The article generated 11 comments on KTRK's website, including: I. ... Call and ask where the money went. I'm sure Theola [sic] Robinson tell you. 5  2. Could it be in somebody's pockets? (Exhibit 7). *** 48. The filing of an action in this Court spurred the next incarnation of KTRK's story on September 27, 2010. The video was later published on ABC's website, along with a printed article "Lawsuit filed against Benji's Academy," under Jessica Willey's byline. Willey wrote: "The Texas Education Agency doesn't know how the academy spent $3 million of state money." (Exhibit 9). 49. The article generated 15 comments on KTRK's website, including: 7.... Ms. Robinson should be arrested, not because she's black, because she's a thief! 8. I am just amazed as to why the parents are not suing Theaola Robinson and the old Board of Director, they are the ones who are stealing their children's future ... *** 12. You bet they want to keep it open, if its closed an investigation will show they were all taking money not to mention they won't be able to afford their new house, Hummer and boat payments the school and taxpayers were helping to buy. (Exhibit 9). 50. KTRK's Cisneros returned to the story on September 30, 2010. The video was later published on KTRK's website, along with a printed article "Charter school fight goes to federal court," under Cynthia Cisneros's byline. Cisneros wrote: "The state says it had no choice, alleging Benji's did not provide proper financial records to account for over $3 million in state funding for the past year." (Exhibit 10). 51. The article generated 14 comments on KTRK' s website, including: 11. The state is not to blame here. They need to sue the administrators to find out where the money is followed by prosecution of those who may have "mis-spent" it. Put blame where blame is due! *** 13. Simple! No money! Can not account for $9 [sic] million! Close the doors and take the administrators to court for mis-use of government (your) money .... 6  (Exhibit 10). 52. The KTRK. version of the saga was continued by Katie McCall on October 11, 2010. The video was later published on ABC's website, along with a printed article "Organizers plan to reopen troubled charter school," under Katie McCall's byline. McCall wrote: "On September 14, the TEA ordered Benji's Academy to close, citing millions of dollars in state funding that was not accounted for." (Exhibit 11). 53. The article generated 10 comments on KTRK's website, including: 2. the only thing organized about this plan is the organized crime *** 5.... the parents are supporting the administrators who have a little charisma along with a talent for lining their pockets ... 6.... The mgmt of this facility, will continue to steal under the guide [sic] of a school, where the kids will continue to suffer[r] (Exhibit 11 ). Plaintiff's Original Petition,~~ 40, 45-46, 48-53. These allegations as to the precise content of both the oral and written statements alleged to be slanderous and libelous defamation are undisputed and are made part of the record for purposes of this motion by both the Movant and Respondent. The per se defamatory nature of these utterances is virtually self-evident, and even if this were not the case, they are amply provenprimafacie by the comments posted on the Defendant's website. As stated in the petition: 58. The Court and factfinder need not indulge in any ratiocination to determine how a person of ordinary intelligence would interpret the complained of statements, whether the complained of statements were capable of defamatory meaning, or whether the public generally, and those who know or are acquainted with Mrs. Robinson specifically, understood that the statements referred to Mrs. Robinson. All that is amply 7  demonstrated by the public comments detailed herein, matters not available to courts and juries at the time these legal standards were developed but readily available in the modern digital age and sufficient to prove beyond doubt the wanton and malicious destruction of a good and honest person's reputation. Plaintiffs Original Petition,~ 58. The legal test, prima facie, is to determine whether "the words used were reasonably capable of a defamatory meaning." New Times, Inc. v. Isaacks, 146 S.W.3d 144, 155 (Tex. 2004); Musser v. Smith Protective Services, Inc., 723 S.W.2d 653, 655 (Tex. 1987); Gumpert v. A~f Freight System, Inc., 293 S. W.3d 256, 264 (Tex.App. - Dallas 2009, pet. denied). To answer this question the Court must determine how a person of ordinary intelligence would perceive the statement. Isaacks, 146 S.W.2d at 154; Musser, 723 S. W.2d at 656. Disputed issues are for the fact finder False imputation of criminal behavior is, of course, per se defamatory. Leyendecker & Associates, Inc. v. Wechter, 683 S.W.2d 369, 374 (Tex. 1984); Christy v. Stauffer Publications, Inc., 437 S.\V.2d 814. 815 (Tex. 1969). Thus, the compelling evidentiary force of the website posts by ordinary persons: 1. ... Call and ask where the money went. I'm sure Theola [sic] Robinson tell you. 2. Could it be in somebody's pockets? *** 7 .... Ms. Robinson should be arrested, not because she's black, because she's a thief! 8. I am just amazed as to why the parents are not suing Theaola Robinson and the old Board of Director, they are the ones who are stealing their children's future ... *** 11. The state is not to blame here. They need to sue the administrators to find out where the money is followed by prosecution of those who may have "mis~spent" it. Put blame where blame is due! *** 8  13. Simple! No money! Can not account for $9 [sic] million! Close the doors and take the administrators to court for mis-use of government (your) money .... *** 2. the only thing organized about this plan is the organized crime *** 5 .... the parents are supporting the administrators who have a little charisma along with a talent for lining their pockets ... Plaintiffs Original Petition, ~~ 46, 49, 51, 53. The defamatory per se nature of all Defendant's published utterances is summed up in one such posted comment: 7.... Ms. Robinson should be arrested, not because she's black, because she's a thief! Plaintiffs Original Petition, ~49. So the issue becomes, is the imputation of criminal behavior by Mrs. Robinson and Benji's of misappropriating to themselves $3 million dollars in public funds false? On this point, the Court will look in vain for any evidence that the State of Texas has ever claimed "that millions in taxpayer dollars cannot be accounted for." The very suggestion is absurd for a number of reasons. These facts also provide ample evidence warranting the conclusion that Defendant's statements were both negligent and malicious. 1. First, the Court's attention is drawn to the annual independent audited financial reports of the school filed for many years. (Exhibit 1 to Robinson Affidavit). These reports contain cash flow statements fully accounting for receipts and disbursements for all prior years. All the money received and spent is accounted for by the independent public accountants. These reports show that the entire annual operation of the school funded by the state was near the $3 million level. Additional funding above this amount 9 came from federal grants primarily related to Benji's historic mission to provide for special needs children, who comprised almost 20% of Benji's emollment. 2. At all times material, Benji's was subject to detailed State oversight, specifically including on-site TEA conservators. Continuously, throughout the preceding school year, the State observed school busses being run, teachers and staff working, utilities functioning, equipment and supplied being used and replenished, and nutritious meals being served to all of nearly 500 students and staff. Basic common sense and reality mandate that the State would never claim that it did not know where any of the $3 million allocated by law to pay for all this had been spent. It is simply inconceivable, absent pure malice that the State or anyone else would make any such statement attributed to it and made by Defendants, that the entire $3 million was unaccounted for. 3. Most significantly, Defendants in their affidavits offer no evidence that anyone from the State made any such statements to them. All they offer is the press release from the TEA made September 14, 2010, the day before the Defendants began their campaign of defamation. This press release, Defendant's Exhibit V, which Plaintiff has never seen until its attachment to Defendant's motion, simply states that "A state-appointed board of managers ... determined that the school is no longer financially viable and voted to close it at the end of school today." This press release belies the assertion made by the state managers in the SOAH and civil rights proceedings that their vote was to merely ''temporarily suspend" operations on an emergency basis rather than to permanently close the school. This seems as good a place as any to object to all evidence offered from the SOAH proceeding, and in particular the proposal for decision issued in that proceeding. Out of an abundance of caution, Respondents submit Benji's pending exception to that 10 proposal for decision. (Exhibit A to Archambault Affidavit). That proceeding has not been finally adjudicated. In the uncharted waters of this anti-SLAPP law motion, this response sets fo1ih in great detail the demonstration that the asserted temporary suspension is but a feeble, after the fact effort of the board of managers to bring their action within some lav.rful authority. But the real point is that nowhere in the record of any of the State's intervention or subsequent administrative proceedings to first remove Benji's board and superintendent and then to revoke Benji's charter based on the remarkable sacrifice of the affected community in continuing operation of the school in defiance of the state appointed board's unlawful action and, by so doing, preserving to the extent possible, the continuity of education for these children until, through their own initiated efforts, they succeeded in getting the school reopened a month later, is there any suggestion that $3 million in taxpayer revenue was unaccounted for. In fact, in a hearing lasting a full four days in Austin, the word "unaccounted" was not even uttered once. (Exhibit B to the Archambault Affidavit). The Movant's effort to put all this evidence before the Court is simply an effort to distract the Court from the very narrow and precise question of whether Defendants' repeated statements that $3 million in taxpayer money could not be accounted for were maliciously or negligently uttered defamatory statements which present a prima facie case of defamation per se of the Plaintiff 2. Movant presents no evidence of substantial truth In Turner v. KTRK Television, Inc., 38 S.W.3d 103, 123 (Texas 2000), the Texas Supreme Court observed: "An average viewer, however, would not view a 1. 7 million dollar insurance swindle -- or even an $875,000 insurance swindle -- with any less opprobrium than a 6.5 million dollar swindle." But in this case there is no evidence that 11 the State ever claim that any money had been misappropriated. There is no fact in the record that the State of Texas ever claimed that any money had been unaccounted for or misappropriated. The only communication from the State proffered by Movant is the September 14, 2010, press release where the TEA Commissioner simply stated that his appointed managers concluded that the school was no longer financially viable. There is simply no evidence of any claim of unaccounted for disappearances and misappropriation of any sum. Movant searches far and wide for some basis to claim substantial truth, claiming that there is evidence of financial mismanagement resulting in indebtedness to the IRS and the State and of poor internal record keeping and poor financial condition. Even granting these facts for purposes of this motion, none of this is any evidence of misappropriation. Indeed, the long history of audited financial statements show that in past years Benji's had indebtedness to the IRA and the State well in excess of the amounts owed these two creditors at the time the State took control. 1 There was no allegation of failure to account for expenditures as the cause for the incurrence of these debts. The final analysis on this issue is merely one of common sense. Companies go bankrupt every day because of "mismanagement" without any suggestion of misappropriation by the controlling persons. Mismanagement and misappropriation are qualitatively different, not separate points on a continuum, not matters of degree. Finally, it must be pointed out that there is no support in Movant's affidavits to support any 1 Over time these debts were extinguished and then reincurred. But from 2003 until 2009 these debts were enumerated and Benji's net assets increased from $200,000.00 to over $1, 100,000.00. (Exhibit 1 to the Robinson Affidavit). 12 assertion that, at the time of the broadcasts, Benji's was being investigated for anything. At the time of the broadcasts beginning September 15, 2010, the state appointed board of managers and superintendent were in complete control of Benji's. 3. Malice is not applicable to non-public figures Movant attempts no showing by affidavit that Mrs. Robinson is a public figure.2 Therefore, a negligence standard applies. As argued above, any reasonable person would entertain doubt that a public school could operate for an entire year and yet the entire annual funding for the school for that year would be completely "unaccounted for." 4. Malice can be inferred from the circumstances If the Court finds that without any proof that Mrs. Robinson is a public figure and that therefore a malice standard applies, Movant still cannot defeat Plaintiffs prim a facie showing. A plaintiff may prove malice through objective evidence about the publication's circumstances. Turner, 38 S. W.3d at 120. In this case, the objective circumstances of the publication are that it was made when the TEA had been involved in exacting oversight for the two previous years, and was in complete control of all financial records and bank accounts at the time of publication. There is simply no way that anyone could conclude that a school had operated for a year without paying payroll or utilities. Furthermore, many payments had been regularly made to TEA and its conservators. (See Exhibit 2 to Robinson Affidavit). Nor are Movant's statements that its reporters believed what they said is true enough to defeat aprimafacie case. As the United States Supreme Court has held. 2 Texas courts have not determined whether voluntariness is a criterion for becoming a limited purpose public figure. See WFAA-TV. Inc. v. Mclemore, 978 S.W.2d 568, 572 (Texas 1998). 13  The defendant in a defamation action brought by a public official cannot, however, automatically insure a favorable verdict by testifying that he published with a belief that the statements were true. The finder of fact must determine whether the publication was indeed made in good faith. Professions of good faith will be unlikely to prove persuasive, for example, where a story is fabricated by the defendant, is the product of his imagination, or is based wholly on an unverified anonymous telephone call. Nor will they be likely to prevail when the publisher's allegations are so inherently improbable that only a reckless man would have put them in circulation. Likewise, recklessness may be found where there are obvious reasons to doubt the veracity of the informant or the accuracy of his reports. St Amant v. Thompson, 390 U.S. 727, 732 (1968). Again, for emphasis, on the basis of the objective circumstances surrounding the publication, the Defendant's allegations that the entire $3 million budget for the previous school year is unaccounted for and that the State has no idea where any of this vast sum of money was spent "are so inherently improbable that only a reckless man would have put them in circulation." Id. Finally, the United States Supreme Court has held that, if necessary, a plaintiff must be accorded discovery on the issue of malice. Herbert v. Lando, 441 U.S. 153, 160- 177 (1979). The TCPA at Section 27.011 provides that it does not abrogate or lessen any remedy under the Constitution or common law. 3 Therefore, if the Court should find that malice is the standard and the objective circumstances themselves are not sufficient to make a prirna facie case of malice, Plaintiff for good cause moves for limited discovery under TCP A §27 .006(b). Conclusion For the reasons presented, Plaintiff prays this Court deny the motion to dismiss. A proposed order is attached. 3 See Texas Constitution, Art. 1, §§ 8 and 14, set out in Turner, 38 S.W.3d at 117. 14  Respectfully submitted, 3014 Brazos Street Houston, TX 77006 (713) 521-3525 (voice) (713) 521-3575 (fax) berrybowen@comcast.net ATTORNEY IN CHARGE FOR PLAINTIFF CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE This is to certify that a true and correct copy of the above and foregoing document has been sent via Federal Express to the following on this 5th day of January, 2012. Laura Lee Prather FedEx Tracking #: 871811542346 Catherine Lewis Robb 919 Congress Ave, Suite 1250 Austin, TX 78701 15  APPENDIX TAB T: Brief of Appellant KTRK Television, Inc. No. 01-12- 00372-CV (WITHOUT EXHIBITS)  CAUSE NO. 01-12-00372-CV IN THE FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Appellant, v. THEAOLA ROBINSON, Appellee. On Appeal from the 234th Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas, the Hon. Reece Rondon, Presiding BRIEF OF APPELLANT KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Haynes and Boone, LLP 600 Congress A venue, Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 7870 I Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Facsimile: (512) 867-8470 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT KTRK TELEVISION, INC. APPELLANT REQUESTS ORAL ARGUMENT  IDENTITY OF PARTIES & COUNSEL Pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 38.2(1 )(A), the following are parties and counsel for this appeal: Appellant: KTRK Television, Inc. Attornevs For Appellant KTRK Television, Inc.: Trial and Appellate Counsel: Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Haynes and Boone, LLP 600 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Facsimile: (512) 867-8470 Appellee: Theaola Robinson Attorney For Appellee Theaola Robinson Trial and Appellate Counsel: Berry Dunbar Bowen Fed. ID No. 6177 State Bar No. 02721050 3014 Brazos Street Houston, TX 77006 Telephone: (713) 521-3525 Telecopier: (713) 521-3575  TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTITY OF PARTIES & COUNSEL ...................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. iii ST A TEMENT OF THE CASE .................................................................................... xi STATEMENT ON ORAL ARGUMENT ................................................................... xii ISSUES PRESENTED ............................................................................................... xiii STATEMENT OF FACTS ............................................................................................. 2 I. Benji's Special Education Academy Was Being Investigated by the State at the Time of the Broadcast. ...................................................................... 3 A. Appellee Habitually Provided Inadequate Financial Documentation When Accounting for the Use of State Funds to TEA ...................................................................................................... 4 B. Appellee Thwarted the State's Eff01is to Investigate and Refon11 Benji's ......................................................................................... 5 C. Appellee Does Not Dispute Receiving a $9,000/Month Profit From The Land Leased to Benji's .......................................................... 10 IT. Appellant Reported on the Allegations Being Made in the Investigation Into Appellee and the Public Controversy Surrounding the Investigation, School Closure, and Defiance of TEA 's Order .................... 10 III. Appellee Has Sued or Attempted to Sue Appellant Three Times Over the Broadcasts at Issue ....................................................................................... 12 SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ........................................................................... 13 ARGUMENT & AUTHORITIES ................................................................................ 15 I. Recent Legislation Provides New Protections for Those Exercising Their Right of Free Speech ............................................................................... 15 A. Appellant Established that the Claims at Issue Fall Under the Citizens' Participation Act's Protection ................................................. 16 iii  B. Appellee's Burden Was to Establish By "Clear and Specific Evidence" a "Prima Facie Case" for Each Essential Element of Her Claims Against Appellant. .............................................................. 17 C. Appellee Failed to Establish a Prima Facie Case for Defan1ation ............................................................................................. 18 D. The Trial Court's Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law Den1onstrate Error. ................................................................................. 19 E. Standard of Review in this Citizens' Participation Act Appeal ............. 22 II. Appellee Failed to Establish With Clear and Specific Evidence that the Complained of Statements Were Defamatory Per Se ................................. 24 ITT. Appellee Was Required to and Failed to Show Clear and Specific Evidence of Actual Malice ................................................................................ 28 A. Appellee is a Public Figure .................................................................... 28 B. The Complained of Statements Were Privileged ................................... 33 IV. Appellee Failed to Prove By Clear and Specific Evidence the Complained of Statements were Published with Actual Malice ....................... 35 V. Appellee Failed to Establish With Clear and Specific Evidence That The Complained of Statements Were Materially False .................................... 37 A. Appellant's Broadcasts Were Substantially True ................................... 37 B. The Substantial Truth Test Applies to Appellant's Reporting on Ongoing Allegations Under Investigation by the TEA .................... .40 VI. Appellee Failed to Establish With Clear and Specific Evidence That The Complained of Statements Were "Of and Concerning" Appellee ............ .41 PRAYER ...................................................................................................................... 42 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ..................................................................................... 43 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................. 44 IV  TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s) CASES ABC, Inc. v. Gill, 6 S. W.3d 19 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 1999, pet. denied) ........................... 25, 30, 40, 41 ABC, Inc. v. Shanks, I S.W.3d 230 (Tex. App. - Corpus Christi 1999, pet. denied) ........................................ 36 Abdel-Hafiz v. ABC, Inc., 240 S.W.3d 492 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied) ............................. 23, 36, 37 Ampex Corp. v. Cargyle, 128 Cal. App. 4th 1569 (Cal. App. 1st Dist. 2005) ........................................................... 28 Beck v. Lone Star, 970 S. W.2d 610 (Tex. App. - Tyler 1998, pet. denied) ................................................... 29 Bose C01p. v. Consumers Union of the United States, Inc., 466 U.S. 485, I 04 S. Ct. 1949 (1984) ................................................................................. 23 Brewer v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc., 986 S.W.2d 636 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 1998, no pet.) ................................................ 34 Brewer v. A1emphis Pub. Co., 626 F.2d 1238 (5th Cir. 1980) ............................................................................................... 30 Briggs v. Eden Council/or Hope & Opportunity (1999) 19 Cal. 4th 1106 ......................................................................................................... 22 Brownlee v. Brownlee, 665S.W.2d11 (Tex.1984) .................................................................................................. 36 Brueggemeyer v. ABC, Inc., 684 F. Supp. 452 (N.D. Tex. 1988) ..................................................................................... 31 CACI Premier Technology, Inc. v. Rhodes, et. al., 536 F.3d 280 (4 1h Cir. 2008) .................................................................................................... 32 Capuano v. The Outlet Co., 579 A.2d 469 (R.I. 1990) ......................................................................................................... 32 v Carr v. Brasher, 776 S.W.2d 567 (Tex. 1989) ................................................................................................ 22 Carr v. Forbes, 11 259 F.3d 273 (4t Cir. 2001) ................................................................................................. 31 Carter, et. al. v. NW Communications of Texas, Inc., dlb/a KDFW Fox 4 and KDFW-TV, Inc., et. al., 111 Cause No. 12-02166 ( 160 Dist. Ct., Dallas County, Tex., May 24, 2012) .................. 20 Casso v. Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551 (Tex. 1989) .......................................................................................... 32, 35 Channel Two Television v. Dickerson, 725 S.W.2d 470 (Tex. App. - Hou. [1st Dist.] 1987, no writ) ......................................... 17 Christian Research Institute v. A/nor, 148 Cal. App. 4th 71 (Cal. App. 4th Dist. 2007) ............................................................... 29 City ofKeller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802 (Tex. 2005) ................................................................................................ 23 Clyburn v. New World Communications, Inc., 705 F. Supp. 635 (D.D.C. 1989), aff'd,. 903 F.2d 29 (D.C. Cir. 1990) ................................... 32 Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts, 388 lJ.S. 130 (1967) .............................................................................................................. 32 Diamond Shamrock Refining and Marketing Co. v. Mendez, 844 S.W.2d 198 (Tex. 1992) ................................................................................................ 19 Downer v. Amalgamated Meatcutters and Butcher Workmen ofN. Am., 550 S.W.2d 744 (Tex. Civ. App. - Dallas 1977, writ ref d n.r.e.) .................................. 38 Fort Worth Press Co. v. Davis, 96 S.W.2d 416 (Tex. Civ. App. - Fort Worth 1936, writ denied) .......................................... 38 Fox Entm 't Group, Inc. v. Abdel-Hafiz, 240 S.W.3d 524 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied) ......................................... 18 Freedom Communications, Inc. v. Sotelo, 2006 WL 1644602 Media L. Rep. 2207 (Tex. App. - Eastland 2006, no pet.) ............. 33 Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323, 94 S. Ct. 2997, 41 L. Ed. 789 (1974) ............................................. 32, 33, 35 VI Green v. CBS, Inc., 286 F.3d 281 (5t 11 Cir. 2002) ................................................................................................. 38 Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton, 491 U.S. 657, 109 S.Ct. 2678, 105 L.Ed.2d 562 (1989) ................................................... 35 Hearst Corp. v. Skeen, 159 S.W.3d 633 (Tex. 2005) ................................................................................................ 23 Herald-Post Publishing Co., Inc. v. Hill, 891S.W.2d638 (Tex. 1994) .......................................................................................... 33, 39 Huckabee v. Time Warner, 19 S.W.3d 413 (Tex. 2000) ...................................................................................... 33, 36, 42 Humane Sodety of Dallas v. Dallas Morning Nei-vs, L.P., 180 S. W.3d 921 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2005, no pet.) ......................................................... 34 In re: Does, 242 S.W.3d 805 (Tex. App. -Texarkana 2007, no pet.) .................................................. 17 Jee v. New York Post, 671 N.Y.S.2d 920 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1998), a.ffd, 688 N.Y.S.2d 49 (App. Div. 1999) ............... 30 Johnson v. Robinsda/e lndep. Sch. Dist. No. 281, 827 F. Supp. 1439 (D. Minn. 1993) ......................................................................................... 30 Kapi/ofj'v. Dunn., 343 A.2d 251 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 1975) ................................................................................ 30 KTRK Television v. Felder, 950 S.W.2d 100 (Tex. App. -Hou. [14th Dist.] 1997, no writ) .......................... 39, 40, 41 Langston v. Eagle Publishing Co., 719 S.W.2d 612 (Tex. App. - Waco 1986, writ re-fd n.r.e.) ........................................... 33 Larson v. Family Violence & Sexual Assault Prevention Center, 64 S.W.3d 506 (Tex. App. -Corpus Christi 2001, pet. denied) ..................................... 38 Leyendecker & Assocs. v. Wechter, 683 S.W.2d 369 (Tex. 1984) ................................................................................................ 28 Main v. Royall, 348 S.W.3d 381 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2011, no pet.) ....................................... 19, 24, 25, 28 vii  A1cDonald v. Clemens, 464 S.W.2d 450 (Tex. Civ. App. -Tyler 1971, no writ) ................................................. 18 McDowell v. Paiewonsky, 769 F.2d 942 (3d Cir. 1985) ........................................................................................... 31, 32 A1cilvain v. Jacobs, 794 S.W.2d 14 (Tex. 1990) .................................................................................................. 39 A1clntyre v. Ramirez, 109 S.W.3d ............................................................................................................................. 36 Moore v. Waldrop, 166 S.W.3d 380 (Tex. App. - Waco 2005, no pet.) .................................................... 24, 25 Musser v. Smith Protective Servs., 723 S. W .2d 65 3 (Tex. 1987) ................................................................................................ 25 Neely v. Wilson, 331 S.W.3d 900 (Tex. App. - Austin 2011, pet. granted) ............................................... .40 New Times, Inc. v. Isaacks, 146 S. W .3d 144 (Tex. 2004) .......................................................................................... 23, 3 7 Newspapers, Inc. v. Matthews, 339 S.W.2d 890 (Tex. 1960) ................................................................................................ 42 Patton v. UPS, 910 F. Supp. 1250 (S.D. Tex. 1995) ................................................................................... 25 Provencio v. Paradigm Media . et al., 44 S.W.3d 677 (Tex. App. - El Paso 2001, no pet.) ......................................................... 39 Purvis v. Ballantine, 487 S.E.2d 14 (Ga. Ct. App. 1997) .......................................................................................... 29 Randall's Food Market, Inc. v. Johnson, 891 S.W.2d 640 (Tex. 1995) ................................................................................................ 37 Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. v. Sevcik, 267 S.W.3d 867 (Tex. 2008) ................................................................................................ 21 Rogers v. Dallas Morning News, Inc., 889 S.W.2d 467 (Tex. App. - Dallas 1994, writ denied) ................................................. 38 viii Rosanova v. Playboy Enters., Inc., 580 F.2d 859 (5t 11 Cir. 1978) ................................................................................................. 30 Rosenblatt v. Baer, 383 U.S. 75, 86 S. Ct. 669 (1966) ..................................................................... 29, 30, 32, 42 Salvaggio v. High Plains Broadcasting, Inc., Cause No. 2011-CI-I 0 I 27 (I 3 I st Dist. Ct., Bexar County, Tex., Feb. 27, 20 I 2) ......... 20 Schauer v. Memorial Care Sys., 856 S.W.2d 437 (Tex. App. - Hou. [I st Dist.] 1993, no writ) ......................................... 25 Scott v. News-Herald, 25 Ohio St.3d 243, 496 N.E.2d 699 (Ohio 1986) .................................................................... 29 Scripps Texas Newspapers, LP v. Belalcazar, 99 S.W.3d 829 (Tex. App. - Corpus Christi 2003, pet. denied) ..................................... 25 Simpton, et. al. v. High Plains Broadcasting, Inc., Cause No. 2011-CI-13290 (285 111 Dist. Ct., Bexar County, Tex., March 23, 2012) ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Southwest Olshan Found. Repair Co., LLC v. Gonzales, 345 S.W.3d 431 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 2011, no pet.) .............................................. 18 Standridge v. Ramey, 733 A.2d 1197 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1999) ..................................................................... 30 State v. De.fley, 395 So.2d 759 (La. 1981) ........................................................................................................ 29 Swate v. Schiffers, 975 S.W.2d 70 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 1998, pet. denied) ................................... 31, 34 Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Transamerican Natural Gas Corp., 7 S.W.3d 80 l (Tex. App. - Hou. [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.) ............................................. 33 Turner v. KTRK Television, Inc., 38 S.W.3d 103 (Tex. 2000) .................................................................................................. 18 UTV of San Antonio, Inc. v. Ardmore, Inc., 82 S.W.3d 609 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 2002, no pet.) ............................................... .40 Viera v. Hearst Newspapers, LLC dlb/a The Houston Chronicle, KHOU-TV, Inc. and Post-Newsweek Stations Houston, Inc. dlbla KPRCT-TV, Cause No. 201 1-42884 (l 90 1h Dist. Ct., Harris County, Tex., Sept. 11, 2011) ............. 20 ix WFAA-TV, Inc. v. McLemore, 978 S.W.2d 568 (Tex. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S. Ct. 1358 (1999) ............. 18, 28, 30, 32 Wilcox v. Superior Court (1994) 27 Cal. App. 4th 809 .................................................................................................. 22 STATUTES Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §22.02, et seq . .......................................................................... 17 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.002 (the "Act") ............................................... 15, 16, 20, 22 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.005(c) .................................................................. xiii, 22, 24 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.006(a) ................................................................................ 22 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.007 ..................................................................................... 19 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code§ 73.002 (a) and (b) ........................................................... 33, 34 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rein. Code §73.005 ..................................................................................... 37 Texas Citizens' Participation Act, TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §27.001, et seq. (Vernon Supp. 2011 ) ....................................... xii-xiv, 1, 13, 15-17, 22-24, 32, 42, 44 OTHER AUTHORITIES U.S. Constitution, First Amendment.. ........................................................................... 17, 22, 23 x  ST A TEMENT OF THE CASE Nature of the Case: This is an appeal of a denial of a Motion to Dismiss claims for defamation pursuant to the Texas Citizens' Participation Act, TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §27.001, et seq. (Vernon Supp. 2011). 111 Trial Court: The Honorable Reece Rondon, Judge Presiding, in the 234 District Court, Harris County, Texas Trial Court Disposition: The trial court denied Appellant KTRK Television, Inc. 's Motion to Dismiss. See Appendix, Tab A. xi  STATEMENT ON ORAL ARGUMENT Appellant requests oral argument. This case concerns issues of first impression in the application of the Texas Citizens' Participation Act, and it also concerns important protections for speech concerning matters of public concern involving use of taxpayer dollars and matters concerning public figures entrusted with public funds. The Citizens' Participation Act requires that a plaintiff whose claims arise from an exercise of free speech rights establish for the trial court a prima facie case for each essential element of his or her claim with "clear and specific evidence." Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.005(c). Oral argument will assist this Court's decisional process in determining whether the evidence produced by Appellee met this high burden in the trial court and proved each element of her claim with "clear and specific evidence," including overcoming the affirmative defenses and constitutional protections raised by Appellant. xii  ISSUES PRESENTED Point No. 1: The Texas Citizens' Participation Act statute requires a court to dismiss a lawsuit where the claims arise out of a defendant's exercise of the right of free speech, unless the plaintiff can establish by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each essential element of every one of his or her claims. Did the trial court err in denying Appellant's Motion to Dismiss brought pursuant to this statute? Point No. 2: Did Appellee establish a prima facie case that the Complained of Statements were defamatory per se by clear and specific evidence as required by the Texas Citizens' Participation Act? Point No. 3: Did Appellee establish a prima facie case of actual malice by clear and specific evidence as required by the Texas Citizens' Participation Act? Point No. 4: Did Appellee establish a prima facie case of material falsity by clear and specific evidence as required by the Texas Citizens' Participation Act? Point No. 5: Did Appellee establish a prima facie case that the Complained of Statements were "of and concerning" Appellee by clear and specific evidence as required by the Texas Citizens' Participation Act? xiii  CAUSE NO. 01-12-00372-CV IN THE FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Appellant, v. THEAOLA ROBINSON, Appellee. On Appeal from the 234th Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas, the Hon. Reece Rondon, Presiding BRIEF OF APPELLANT KTRK TELEVISION, INC. TO THE HONORABLE FIRST COURT OF APPEALS: This appeal concerns both issues of first impression in the application of the Texas Citizens' Participation Act (also known as the Anti-SLAPP Statute' or "the Act"), and important protections for speech concerning matters of public concern involving investigations into use of taxpayer dollars and public figures entrusted with State funds. lt is just this type of action that the Legislature envisioned when enacting the Citizens' Participation Act - the Act protects those who exercise their free speech rights from lawsuits brought against them for speaking out about matters of public concern. The Act requires a preliminary showing by the plaintiff of clear and spec~fic evidence of her 1 "SLAPP'" stands for Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation, and Anti-SLAPP statutes provide a mechanism for early dismissal of meritless lawsuits filed against one out of retaliation for what he or she has said.  claims before the speaker is caught up in a myriad of discovery and the expense of defending against a meritless lawsuits brought for the purpose of retaliating against the speaker for bringing issues of public concern to light. In this instance, Theola Robinson ("Robinson" or "Appellee") has brought not one, but three lawsuits, against Appellant (or its parent company) for reporting on the State's investigation into her use of $3 million in taxpayer funds as head of a chatier school. It is difficult to fathom a more egregious example of retaliation against a media outlet for bringing to light issues of concern to the Houston community. The Act required the Appellee to establish a prima facie case of her defamation 2 claim with clear and specific evidence, and she failed to meet this burden. Thus, the trial court's denial of Appellant's Motion to Dismiss should be reversed. STATEMENT OF FACTS This lawsuit concerns KTRK's reporting on matters of grave public concern. The reports discuss: the allegations of financial and other mismanagement of Benji's Special Education Academy ("Benji's"), which was run by Appellee 3 , the State's resulting revocation of Benji's chatier, and Appellee's willful violation of the State's orders. The following are undisputed facts taken from the Texas Education Agency's records from its investigation into Appellee's management of the school and her accounting for the use of 2 Plaintifrs Petition attempts to describe a per se claim and does not plead any actual damages: however, she does not label her claim. Presumably, she is claiming defamation per se. Regardless, under either per se or per quod, her claim fails. 3 The original plaintiffs in this suit were both the non-profit corporation that ran Benji's (hereinafter ''Charter Holder") and the charter school's former director/Superintendent. Robinson, who was also on the board of the Charter Holder and is now the sole Appellee. (CR 2:220-232). Both the school itself and the Charter Holder use the name "Benji's" or "Benji's Special Education Academy"····- often without distinguishing between the two and have. until recently. effectively operated as one. But, while the Charter Holder is a non-profit corporation and was an original plaintiff in this lawsuit, Benji's (the school), has been taken over by the State and was not a plaintiff in this suit. There is a question as to whether Robinson had proper authority to sue on behalf of the Charter Holder at the outset. Regardless, Robinson amended her Petition (CR 4:796-874) and dropped the Charter Holder from the case. 2 the millions of taxpayer dollars entrusted to her and from the court records in Appellee's lawsuit against TEA for closure of the school. I. Benji's Special Education Academy Was Being Investigated by the State at the Time of the Broadcast. At the time of the KTRK broadcasts at issue, Benji's was being investigated by the Texas Education Agency ("TEA") for, among other things, mismanagement and poor financial practices regarding use of State taxpayer funds. (CR 4:903-908). In fact, for more than half a decade TEA had expressed dissatisfaction with Appellee's habitually poor recordkeeping and financial accountability. (CR 2:311-312, 355, 357, 360, 492- 493; 3:551-553, 585-586; 623, 679-680, 712-713). By the Fall of 2010, Benji's was taken over by TEA who ordered the school's closure and eventually revoked the school's charter. (CR 2:259-263, 470-471; 4:894). It is undisputed that Benji's was responsible for educating hundreds of students and was tasked with utilizing, and accounting for, more than $3 million in State taxpayer funds each year to do so. (CR 2:408, 415, 418, 421 ). After years of receiving either no response or inadequate responses to their inquiries about the school's use of taxpayer money, in Fall 2010, TEA appointed a new Board of Managers and new Superintendent to assist Benji's with its financial and mismanagement woes. (CR 2:259-263). This was just the latest in a series of actions taken by TEA against the Charter Holder. Starting in 2007, TEA had previously appointed one, and, then two, conservators to oversee the school (CR 2:312-314) and had, on at least one prior occasion, threatened to revoke Benji's charter - in 2009. (CR 2:265-270). Benji's had been in continuously poor financial condition and had kept 3 and provided poor financial records to the State throughout the bulk of its existence (CR 2:304-367). Despite the State's attempts to assist the school, Appellee sought to thwart any intervention by the State, only compounding the problems at hand (CR 2:266- 267, 271-272, 328, 332, 455, 463; 4:901-904). A. Appellee Habitually Provided Inadequate Financial Documentation When Accounting for the Use of State Funds to TEA. The Charter Holder was granted an open-enrollment charter to operate Benji's by the Texas State Board of Education ("SBOE") on or around November 2, 1998. (CR 2:449-454). In 2003, the Charter Holder applied for a renewal of the cha1ier, which was still pending at the time of the controversy that is the subject of this lawsuit. (CR 2:310-313). Appellee's refusal to provide proper documentation of the use of State funds contributed to the failure to approve the Charter Holder's application for renewal during this seven year period (CR 2:310-311). Over the years, TEA's concerns with Benji's grew, including concerns about: ( 1) the school's academically unacceptable state accountability rating for the years 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2010 and federal academic accountability rating as failing to meet Adequate Yearly Progress Standards in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2009 (CR 2:350); (2) the accuracy in reporting student attendance data for the purpose of receiving Foundation School Program funds for four years (CR 2:31 I); (3) the Department of Agriculture's termination of the school's agreement to participate in school breakfast and lunch programs because of failure to maintain a proper financial management system (CR 2:311 ); and (4) its noncompliance with lDEA and No Child Left Behind laws and guidelines. (CR 2:310-311, 350). 4  On July 8, 2010, Appellee, then-executive director of Benji's, was notified by the TEA Commissioner that TEA intended to appoint a Board of Managers and a new Superintendent for the school in light of ongoing financial, academic, and governance concerns with Benji's. (CR 2:455-469). On August 19, 20 I 0, a hearing was held to allow Appellee an opportunity to respond to the Commissioner's plan to appoint a Board and Superintendent. (CR 2:259-263). On September 3, 2010, TEA notified Appellee and Benji's board of directors that TEA would be going forward with the original recommendation to appoint a Board of Managers and a new Superintendent. (CR 2:259- 263). This appointment of a Board of Managers and Superintendent suspended the powers of Benji's previous board of directors and Appellee. (CR 2:259-263). B. Appellee Thwarted the State's Efforts to Investigate and Reform Benji's. The new Board and Superintendent met immediately after being appointed and began investigating the situation at Benji's, including the finances of the school. (CR 2:476-482). Although they did not fully understand the gravamen of the financial problems until they got access to the school's records, TEA had been concerned about the financial situation since at least 2005. (CR 2:312). The record is clear - until the time that TEA finally took over complete control of Benji's (or as compete control as they could in light of Appellee's insubordination and overt efforts to kick TEA officials off Benji's property and restrict their access to records), TEA had no idea of the full extent of Benji's financial emergency. (CR 2:400; 2:403; 2:407; 2:414) This is, in part, because the audit reports from 2004-2009 were all found deficient. (CR 2:313; 2:465; 2:471; 5  2:477). It is also, in paii, because of Appellee's and other Benji's officials repeatedly failing to follow TEA directives aimed at remedying the school's numerous deficiencies. (CR 2:313, 455, 463). Appellee not only interfered with TEA's ability to properly review and address the many deficiencies (including openly preventing TEA from being able to access Benji's financial and other records), but she also disobeyed TEA orders and attempted to prevent TEA officials who had been assigned to oversee Benji's from effectively doing their job. (CR 2:271, 313-15, 328, 463, 488). It was not until September, 20 I 0, that TEA understood the extent of the financial problems at Benji 's 4 and issued its Order Suspending Charter Operations and Funds, stating: [The exigent financial conditions at Benji's were not] known either to the board of managers or the new superintendent when they met on September 6, 2010. Rather, the information leading to the conclusion that that an urgent financial condition may exist at the charter school was disclosed by painstaking effort to assemble and evaluate information that had not been viewed by the former administration as indicating such a conclusion. Subsequent events have made plain that the former administration continues to maintain that there was and is no urgent financial condition presented by these facts. (CR 2:477). After discovering that Benji's had vi1iually no money in its bank account, TEA issued a statement that Benji's was being closed down at the end of the day because it was no longer financially viable. (CR 2:407, 470). On that same date, the recently appointed Superintendent sent a letter to parents advising them of the decision to immediately close the school. (CR 2:471-475). The letter further advised that recently 4 See CR 2:400, 403, 407, 414, 477. 6 available information indicated that the "school ha[d] vitiually no money in the bank and owe[d] numerous creditors, including the Internal Revenue Service." (CR 2:471-475). When TEA and other state officials attempted to distribute packets to students explaining the suspension of Benji's operations and providing information about alternate public schools in the area, Appellee and other members of the former administration ripped up the materials and encouraged the students to engage in open defiance of state officials. (CR 2:478). Furthermore, despite having been replaced as Superintendent and relieved of her duties, Appellee continued to direct the students and staff, conducting her own staff meeting, calling a press conference about the situation, and inviting the media to comment. (CR 2:479). Over the course of the next few days, Appellee also endeavored to prevent state officials from entering and/or conducting business at the school, and took physical control of the school and its records and facilities without authority. (CR 2:478-481). Despite the State-mandated closure, on September 15, 2010, Appellee defied TEA and the new Benji's Board and Superintendent by re-opening Benji's as an unaccredited private school using the same facilities and school buses (which were all paid for by the State). (CR 2:476-482). As with the prior days' events, this continuing public controversy was reported on by virtually every local media outlet. (CR 2:414-423). TEA representatives were refused access to the school and its student records. Id. (CR 2:476- 482). The next day, the TEA Commissioner issued an order effective immediately suspending all funding of Benji's and suspending Benji's open-enrollment charter. (CR 2:476-482). TEA issued another notice to Appellee and others regarding the school's 7 closure and revocation of its open-enrollment charter. A hearing was held on September 21, 2010, at which TEA determined that the acts of Robinson and some of her staff constituted conditions that presented a danger to the health, safety or welfare of the Benji's students. (CR 2:483-487). On September 24, 2010, the TEA Commissioner sent a Jetter to Appellee and the Charter Holder's Board outlining the various grounds for revoking Benji's charter, including: (1) failure to protect the health, safety, or welfare of students; material violations of the open-enrollment charter; two consecutive years of unsatisfactory ratings; (2) serious unsatisfactory fiscal performance; unsatisfactory compliance performance for three consecutive years, and (3) failure to renew a lease for the school facility. (CR 2:488-495). The letter also discussed the fact that "[s]pecial program concerns, academic concerns, governance issues, financial management issues," and failures to comply with TEA requirements and directives had plagued the school for many years. Id. (CR 2:489). The letter detailed examples of the school's fiscal mismanagement, which resulted in significant wasting of financial resources and the school's financial insolvency. (CR 2:492). Examples of some of Benji's financial woes while under the direction of Appellee included: A. the Charter Holder was the subject of a warrant hold for nonpayment to the Teachers Retirement System in the amount of $43,000.00 for retirement contributions and $I 3,000.00 in health coverage; B. the Department of Agriculture cancelled the Charter Holder's participation in child nutrition programs because of the Charter Holder's failure to demonstrate fiscal responsibility; 8  C. the Charter Holder owed the IRS a debt of $87,000.00 for unpaid taxes; D. the Charter Holder's board of directors failed to oversee or adequately supervise its financial resources, and E. the Charter Holder failed to properly account for accrued unreimbursed leave as a liability. (CR 2:360-361). Specifically, the Commissioner of Education found that: The charter holder and charter school's extensive history of special education program deficiencies, its persistent failures to follow conservator directives and comply with statute and intervention requirements, its continued failure to cooperate with Texas Education Agency ("TEA" or "agency") staff to resolve identified deficiencies and areas of noncompliance, its academic and financial deficiencies, and its recent defiance of my Board of Managers, compel me to revoke the open- enrollment charter of Benji's Special Educational Academy. Problems with the charter holder's operation of its charter school date back many years. Special program concerns, academic concerns, governance issues, financial management issues, failure to follow directives made by a TEA-assigned conservator, and/or failure to comply with Intervention requirements have plagued the charter holder over many years. Despite extensive agency intervention, progress has been sporadic, and regression has been frequent. A recent intervention included the assignment of a second conservator to oversee all charter school activities, as well as charter holder activities, with respect to the operation of the charter school. My interventions culminated in the appointment of a Board of Managers to exercise the powers and duties of the governing body of the charter school operated by the charter holder. (CR 2:488-489) (footnotes omitted). Thus, Appellee's continual defiance of TEA's mandates and her habitual failure to properly account for the use of State funds contributed to, if not resulted in, the school's chatier being revoked. 9  C. Appellee Does Not Dispute Receiving a $9,000/Month Profit From The Land Leased to Benji's. The TEA Commissioner's September 24 111 letter also noted some financial irregularities in Benji's rental arrangement and payments. Comparing the lease between the Charter Holder and the City of Houston and the lease between the Charter Holder and the school itself - for the exact same property - the rental payments paid by Benji's to the Charter Holder for the use of the property appeared to be excessive. (CR 2:493). The Charter Holder (under Appellee's leadership) had been leasing the property from the City of Houston for $1/year and was re-leasing the same property to Benji's for $9,000/month, an arrangement the City was unaware of and for which it had not given permission to the Chaiier Holder. (CR 2:233-258, 264-303, 492-494). This meant the Charter Holder, run by Appellee, profited almost $9,000/month from this untoward arrangement. Additionally, the July 1, 2010, Tenancy Agreement, which still called for Benji's to pay the Charter Holder $9,000/month, had a term of 10 years - another agreement and term the City did not approve. (CR 2:238-242). Ironically, Appellee does not deny the lease arrangement at issue. II. Appellant Reported on the Allegations Being Made in the Investigation Into Appellee and the Public Controversy Surrounding the Investigation, School Closure, and Defiance of TEA's Order. A public outcry arose over the initial takeover, charter revocation, and attempted closing of Benji's by TEA. The allegations of financial mismanagement of taxpayer funds and indebtedness of the school, as well as the efforts to keep the school open in defiance of the State's orders, were clearly matters of public concern in the Houston 10 community. As a result, beginning on September 14, 2010, Appellant (and several other media outlets) broadcast and posted numerous reports about the ongoing controversy. (CR 2:217-219, 371-373, 433-435). Appellant was not alone in reporting on Benji's financial problems and lack of accountability, TEA's closure of the school and the actions of Appellee. (CR I :34-60, 85-87 and 2:303, 368-370, 374-393, 399-400, 403-423). Other media organizations similarly reported that "TEA says ... the school is unable to document where the state funding is being spent" (CR l :35) and that TEA stated that "everyday [the newly appointed Board of managers has] been in place they've uncovered additional alarming problems." (CR 2:407) The public interest in this topic can be seen not only by the many articles and broadcasts published, but also by the numerous comments that the stories elicited. (CR I :38-60). Of all the publications, Appellant was the only station to be sued out of retaliation for what it said. Appellee bases her sole claim of defamation per se on the following statements ("Complained of Statements" or "Statements at Issue"), none of which discuss the commission of a crime or mention Appellee Robinson by name: (I) "According to the State, millions in taxpayer dollars cannot be accounted for" and "The State closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the State doesn't know where the over three million dollars of taxpayer money given last year has been spent." (CR I :26) (4:30 p.m., September 15, 2010 broadcast). (2) "For the State, the issue is simple - where is the money? They say millions of taxpayer dollars are unaccounted for . . . . The State closure is based on a lack of sufficient financial records, meaning the State doesn't know where the more than $3 million of taxpayer money given last year l1  has been spent ... " (CR I :30) (September 15, 2010, story published on Appellant's website). (3) "Where is taxpayer money going and how is a taxpayer-owned building being used? . . . The Texas Education Agency says it doesn't know how Benji's spent $3 million of taxpayer money, and a lease agreement obtained by Eyewitness News raises new questions." (CR I :63) (September 25, 20 I 0, story published on Appellant's website). (4) "The Texas Education Agency doesn't know how the academy spent $3 million of State money." (CR 1:73) (September 27, 20 I 0, article published on Appellant's website). (5) "The State says it had no choice, alleging Benji's did not provide proper financial records to account for over $3 million in State funding for the past year." (CR 1:78) (September 30, 2010 article published on Appellant's website). (6) "On September 14, the TEA ordered Benji's Academy to close, citing millions of dollars in State funding that was not accounted for." (CR 1:82) (October 11, 2010, article published on Appellant's website). III. Appellee Has Sued or Attempted to Sue Appellant Three Times Over the Broadcasts at Issue. Not only has Appellee sued Appellant in this lawsuit out of retaliation for what it said, Appellee previously sued Appellant and/or its parent company over the same broadcasts, without success, on two prior occasions. (CR 4:886; 5: 1289). Originally, Appellee improperly sued Appellant's ultimate parent company, The Walt Disney Company ("Disney"), in federal court (Cause No. 4-1 O-CV-03498) and then she tried to add Disney and Appellant to a lawsuit she had joined against TEA (Cause No. 4-11-CV- 00358). Appellee took these actions despite being shown prior decisions and undisputed evidence that there was no jurisdiction over Disney. Not surprisingly, both attempts were unsuccessful but resulted in substantial unnecessary expenditure of fees by Appellant. 12  (CR 4:886). Ultimately, on September 14, 2011, Appellee and Benji's 5 filed this lawsuit in state court. (CR 1:2-87). Appellant moved to dismiss the case under the Texas Citizens' Participation Act, and its motion was denied. (CR 4:994). SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT Appellee Robinson sued KTRK for defamation based on its accurate reporting on allegations about Appellee's financial mismanagement of Benji's Special Education Academy, which was under investigation by the State. The Texas Legislature recently passed the Citizens' Participation Act to protect persons who are sued for exercising their right to free speech. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.001, et seq. (Tab D). The claims against Appellant fall squarely under the protections of the Act. The Act required the trial court to dismiss the defamation claim unless Appellee established, by the heightened standard of clear and specific evidence, a prima facie case for each essential element of her claim. The record shows a glaring absence of evidence on every element of the defamation claim. Therefore, the trial comt was in error and must be reversed. Appellee claims the broadcasts at issue are defamatory per se. 6 An essential element of defamation per se is the accusation of the commission of a crime, dishonesty, fraud, rascality, or general depravity - which, in this case, is disproven by reading the Complained of Statements themselves. There was no mention of a crime being committed by Appellee, nor was there any reference to Appellee committing fraud or dishonest acts. (CR 4:963-973). 5 See fn. 3, supra. 6 See fn. 2, supra. Appellee's claims sound in per se because she argues that she was accused of embezzlement and she only references presumed damages. Even if she is trying to atiiculate a per quod claim. that too fails because, among other things, she has not plead actual damages. 13  Another essential element of the defamation claim at issue in this case is the constitutional requirement of showing "actual malice." This burden arises when the Appellee is a public figure or when the statements made are privileged. Both circumstances exist in this case. To establish actual malice, a plaintiff must demonstrate the defendant published an alleged defamatory statement knowing it to be false or having entertained serious doubts about the truth of the statement. Appellee provided no evidence and only supposition (which does not constitute evidence) concerning Appellant's state of mind. Appellant, on the other hand, introduced substantial evidence of the absence of actual malice (CR 2:217-219, 3 71-3 73, 433-435). Appellee was also required to produce clear and specific evidence that the Complained of Statements in the broadcasts were materially false. To do this, Appellee ignores the actual statements made by KTRK and instead concocts her own version of the broadcasts, distorting the statements with her own interpretations and suppositions. The Court must look at what the broadcasts actually said, as a whole, in light of surrounding circumstances, and it must review them based upon how a person of ordinary intelligence would perceive the entire broadcast series. Appellee's after-the-fact spin is not clear and specific evidence of material falsity. Furthermore, Appellee is not even mentioned in the Complained of Statements, and Appellee failed to demonstrate those statements are "of and concerning" her. In short, Appellee did not demonstrate to the trial court that she could succeed on the merits of her defamation claim, much less show clear and specific evidence to support 14 each element of her claim, as required by the Act. Appellee did not establish that Appellant's statements are defamatory per se (or per quad), did not establish material falsity of the Complained of Statements, did not establish that Appellant made the statements with actual malice, did not overcome the applicable privilege(s), and did not establish that the Complained of Statements were of and concerning Appellee. If she could not meet her burden on a single element, Appellant should have prevailed. In this case, Appellee failed to establish a primafacie case for all of the essential elements of her claim, thus, the Texas Citizens' Participation Act clearly required dismissal of her claims. ARGUMENT & AUTHORITIES The Trial Corni improperly denied Appellant's Motion to Dismiss and, by doing so, incorrectly found that Appellee has proved a prima facie case of each essential element of her claims for defamation per se with clear and specific evidence. I. Recent Legislation Provides New Protections for Those Exercising Their Right of Free Speech. Texas' Citizens' Patiicipation Act, signed into law on June 17, 2011, is designed to encourage and safeguard the constitutional rights of persons to speak freely to the maximum extent permitted by law. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.002 (the "Act"). The Act applies to any legal action based on, relating to, or in response to a person's exercise of the right of free speech. Id. §27.00S(b). It specifically provides for a motion to dismiss, and an interlocutory appeal, both in response to a trial comi's order and one entered by operation of law, to protect defendants who have been sued for exercising their right to free speech. Id. §§27.003 and 27.008(b). 15  A. Appellant Established that the Claims at Issue Fall Under the Citizens' Participation Act's Protection. In applying the Act, the Court engages in a two-step inquiry. Upon a party's filing of a motion to dismiss, the Act requires a court to dismiss the action if the moving party shows the legal action was "based on, relates to, or is in response to" the moving pa1iy's exercise of free speech. Id. §27.005(b)(l). "Exercise of the right of free speech" means any communication "made in connection with a matter of public concern." Id. §27.001(3). The definition of "matter of public concern" includes any issue related to economic or community well-being, the government, or about a public official or public figure. Id. §27.001(7). KTRK was reporting on the ongoing dispute between Benji's and the TEA and allegations under investigation by the State. Appellee was the Superintendant of Benji's and on the Board of the Charter Holder, and, as such, was a public figure. Appellee had been brought under scrutiny by the State in the past for her financial mismanagement of the school and her lack of accountability for the use of taxpayer funds. Reporting on matters of public concern, such as these, squarely fall within the protection of the Act. Appellee has conceded that the claims in this action fall within the Act. (CR 3 :500-504). The burden, therefore, shifted to Appellee to establish a prima facie case for each essential element of her claims with clear and specific evidence. Section 27 .005 mandates dismissal of the claims at issue if this burden is not met. 16  B. Appellee's Burden Was to Establish By "Clear and Specific Evidence" a "Prima Facie Case" for Each Essential Element of Her Claims Against Appellant. The standard in the Act comes from the In re: Does case in which the Court held that before being able to obtain an order mandating a third party to identify an anonymous speaker for the purposes of pursuing a defamation claim, the potential plaintiff had to establish the claim was viable. In re: Does, 242 S.W.3d 805 (Tex. App. - Texarkana 2007, no pet.). The Couti found the correct balance of interests would be to require a prim a facie showing of each essential element of the claims at the outset. This meant that, in order to get the names of the anonymous speakers, the plaintiff was required to provide actual proof and not just allegations - that would be sufficient to preclude the granting of summary judgment. In re Does, 242 S.W.3d 805 (Tex. App. - Texarkana 2007, no pet.). By adopting this standard in the Anti-SLAPP statute, the Legislature chose to apply the same standard to claims brought against non-anonymous speakers as anonymous ones. One must be able to establish the viability of a claim against one who exercises their free speech rights before being permitted to go forward with a lawsuit. Furthermore, the term "clear and specific" is a heightened standard of evidence that has recently been implemented in First Amendment legislation in Texas. It is taken from the Channel Two Television v. Dickerson, 725 S.W.2d 470, 472 (Tex. App. - Hou. [1st Dist.] 1987, no writ), and is found in the reporters' privilege statute, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §22.02, et seq., as well as the statute at hand. It requires more than a preponderance of evidence but less than clear and convincing evidence. (CR 2:436-445) 17  There can be no doubt that the Act's "clear and specific evidence" requirement precludes a plaintiff from relying on mischaracterizations of what the broadcasts say, circumstantial evidence, and baseless inferences. See, e.g., Southwest Olshan Found. Repair Co., LLC v. Gonzales, 345 S.W.3d 431, 440-41 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 2011, no pet.) (although fraud invariably must be proven by circumstantial evidence, a vital fact may not be established with inference stacking); McDonald v. Clemens, 464 S.W.2d 450, 456 (Tex. Civ. App. - Tyler 1971, no writ) (affirmative defense of fraud must be established "by clear and specific evidence unaided by presumptions, inferences or intendments"). Appellee has provided nothing more than mischaracterizations, inferences and suppositions - none of which constitute clear and specific evidence. C. Appellee Failed to Establish a Prima Facie Case for Defamation. Appellee sued Appellant for defamation. To maintain a claim for defamation, Appellee must show that Appellant: ( 1) published a statement; (2) that was defamatory concerning the plaintiff; (3) which was false; and (4) while acting with "actual malice" regarding the statement's truth where, as here, the plaintiff is a public figure. See WFAA- TV, Inc. v. Mclemore, 978 S.W.2d 568, 571 (Tex. 1998); cert. denied, 526 U.S. 1051, 119 S. Ct. 1358, 143 L.Ed.2d 519 (1999) (elements of defamation claim); Fox Entm't Group, Inc. v. Abdel-Hafiz, 240 S.W.3d 524, 531 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied) (same); see also, Turner v. KTRK Television, Inc., 38 S.W.3d 103 (Tex. 2000) (public figure has burden to prove falsity as essential element). If a plaintiff cannot establish any one of these elements by clear and specific evidence, the anti-SLAPP motion should be granted. Furthermore, because Appellee 's claim was one for 18 defamation per se, she must demonstrate that that the words were so obviously hurtful to her - such as accusing her of a crime - that they require no proof of injury. Main v. Royall, 348 S.W.3d 381, 390 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2011, no pet.). Appellee failed to establish the statements were per se libelous and, because she did not even allege (and did not prove) actual damages, she also failed to establish a per quad claim (where damages are not presumed and must be specially pied and proven). Leyendecker & Assoc.s'. v. Wechter, 683 S.W.2d 369, 374 (Tex. 1984). Appellant's Motion to Dismiss should have been granted because Appellee failed to establish, with clear and specific evidence, a prima fade case of each essential element of her claim. D. The Trial Court's Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law Demonstrate Error. After denying Appellant's Motion to Dismiss, Appellant requested the Court enter Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law pursuant to Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.007. The findings and conclusions entered indicate multiple errors on the part of the trial court. To begin with, the trial court committed error in finding that a lawsuit brought over a prior broadcast could not have been brought to deter or prevent the Appellant from exercising its constitutional rights. See Appendix, Tab B. This finding completely ignores the impact such a lawsuit (and the two prior ones) has on future speech and the fact that prior restraints are disfavored under constitutional jurisprudence. Texas Supreme Court precedent requires that the CoUJi consider such important factors. Diamond Shamrock Re.fining and Marketing Co. v. Mendez, 844 S.W.2d 198 (Tex. 1992), citing New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 272, 84 S. Ct. 710, 721 (1964) 19 ("whatever is added to the field of libel is taken from the field of free debate.") The express purpose of the Anti-SLAPP statute is to "encourage and safeguard the constitutional rights of persons to ... speak freely ... to the maximum extent permitted by law .... " Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, §27.002. The statute requires the court to consider whether a legal action was brought to deter or prevent the Appellant from exercising its constitutional rights as well as whether it was brought for an improper purpose, including to harass the Appellants. Id. Keeping this in mind, courts across Texas have consistently applied the new Anti-SLAPP statute to lawsuits filed over broadcasts that have already aired. See, e.g., Viera v. Hearst Newspapers, LLC dlb/a The Houston Chronicle, KHOU-TV, Inc. and Post-Newsweek Stations Houston, Inc. dlb/a KPRCT-TV, Cause No. 2011-42884 (190 1h Dist. Ct., Harris County, Tex., Sept. 11, 2011 ); Salvaggio v. High Plains Broadcasting, Inc., Cause No. 2011-CI-10127 ( 131 st Dist. Ct., Bexar County, Tex., Feb. 27, 2012); Simpton, et. al. v. High Plains Broadcasting, Inc., Cause No. 2011-CI-13290 (285 111 Dist. Ct., Bexar County, Tex., March 23, 2012); Carter, et. al. v. NW Communications a/Texas, Inc., dlbla KDFW Fox 4 and KDFW-TV. Inc., et. al., Cause No. 12-02166 (160 1h Dist. Ct., Dallas County, Tex., May 24, 2012). In fact, to conclude differently, as the trial court did in this matter, would eviscerate the statute and make it virtually impossible to dismiss any case brought against the media arising out of past publications. KTRK repotied on a public figure entrusted with significant State funds to educate our youth who, not only failed to properly account for those funds, but also thwarted the efforts of TEA to improve financial accounting and governance. This is the type of core 20 speech entitled to the protection of the Anti-SLAPP statute. Yet, the trial court erroneously determined otherwise. To trigger the Act, Appellant was only required to demonstrate that it was exercising its right to free speech on an issue of public concern, which it did. It was error for the trial court to consider the relative financial means of Appellee in comparison to Appellant in its determination of whether the lawsuit was filed in retaliation for Appellant's speech or publication of the reports. See Appendix, Tab B, p. 3. Not only was the court, at best, guessing as to Appellee's resources and type of engagement agreement (e.g., retainer, flat fee, or hourly), but deciding liability or fault on the basis of financial resources was improper and is not called for in the Act. In fact, the Texas Supreme Court has held that the prejudicial effect of a party's wealth is so strong that evidence of a party's wealth should not be admitted in a to1i case. See Rehance Steel & Aluminum Co. v. Sevcik, 267 S.W.3d 867, 870 (Tex. 2008). Therefore, the trial court's consideration of the relative wealth of the parties was improper and should not have been the basis for any ruling. Even more egregious, though, was the trial court's apparent disregard for the fact that this lawsuit was the third lawsuit filed by Appellee against these defendants. A consistent theme with SLAPP lawsuits, and one that the Anti-SLAPP law sought to curtail, is that they are brought for the purposes of tying up the defendant's resources for a sufficient length of time to accomplish the underlying goal of stifling further speech or coverage of an issue or person. As long as a media defendant is forced to devote its time, energy, and resources to combating the lawsuit, its ability to gather and report on the 21 news and report on matters of public concern is compromised. See, e.g., W;/cox v. Superior Court (1994) 27 Cal. App. 4111 809, 815, fn.2; Briggs v. Eden Council for Hope & Opportunity (1999) 19 Cal. 4 111 1106, 1126. "The core values of the First Amendment reflect a 'recognition of the fundamental importance of the free flow of ideas and opinions on matters of public interest and concern."' Carr v. Brasher, 776 S.W.2d 567, 570 (Tex. 1989), quoting Hustler Magazine v. Falwell, 485 U.S. 46, 108 S. Ct. 876, 879 ( 1988). By attempting to drag Appellant into three different defamation lawsuits (in both state and federal comis) in an effo1i to stifle speech, discourage fu1iher speech or punish Appellant for speaking out, Appellant's ability to report on matters of public concern and exercise its core First Amendment rights is severely compromised. E. Standard of Review in this Citizens' Participation Act Appeal. The purpose of the Citizens' Participation Act is to protect freedom of speech, and the heightened evidentiary standard of "clear and specific evidence" requires an appellate court to conduct an independent examination of the entire record. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §§27.002, 27.005(c). Appellant filed affidavits giving full context to the Complained of Statements and demonstrating that the statements were true or substantially true. The affidavits also showed that none of the individuals who worked on the broadcasts at issue had any knowledge that the statements were false in any way. The Act provides that "in determining whether a legal action should be dismissed under this chapter, the court shall consider the pleadings and supporting and opposing a.ffidavits stating the facts on which the liability or defense is based." Tex. Civ. Prac. & 22 Rem. Code §27.006(a) (emphasis added). The Act clearly requires the Court to consider all affidavits stating the facts that relate to liability or to any defense. While Appellee has the burden to establish a prima facie case, the Act requires the Court to consider all factual evidence presented. Further, where First Amendment freedoms are at issue, the appellate court is to review the entire record. Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of the United States, Inc., 466 U.S. 485, 508, l 04 S. Ct. 1949, 1964 (1984) (First Amendment requires that an appellate court make an independent examination of the whole record to protect against a forbidden intrusion on the field of free expression); Hearst Corp. v. Skeen, I 59 S.W.3d 633, 639 (Tex. 2005) (viewing the summary judgment evidence in its entirety and deciding no fact issue was raised as to whether the article was published with actual malice); Abdel-Hafiz v. ABC, Inc., 240 S.W.3d 492, 504 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied) (review entire record to determine whether there was some evidence of actual malice). In libel cases, publications "must be viewed as a whole - including accompanying statements, headlines, pictures, and the general tenor and reputation of the source itself." Ci(Y of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 811 (Tex. 2005); New Times, Inc. v. Isaacks, 146 S.W.3d 144, 158-59 (Tex. 2004). Where a plaintiff relies on circumstantial evidence to establish actual malice, the court must "view each piece of circumstantial evidence, not in isolation, but in light of all the known circumstances." City of Keller, 168 S.W.2d at 813-14. 23  The standard of review in this Citizens' Participation Act appeal, therefore, is that the Couti is to review all of the evidence and determine, as a matter of law, whether Appellee established a pr;ma fade case as to each essential element of the claims against Appellant with "clear and specific evidence." Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.005(c). II. Appellee Failed to Establish With Clear and Specific Evidence that the Complained of Statements Were Defamatory Per Se. Appellee brought her claim not for defamation per quod, but only for defamation per se - that is, that the words are so obviously hurtful that they require no proof of injury, such as a statement that "unambiguously charge[s] a crime, dishonesty fraud, rascality, or general depravity[.]" Main v. Royall, 348 S.W.3d 381, 390 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2011, no pet.) (emphasis added). Because the Complained of Statements did not unambiguously charge Robinson with any of the per se indicia, Appellee has tried to convince the Court she has a viable per se claim based on what she felt like the statements insinuated. Appellee argues the statements ( 1) ;nsinuated that she embezzled over $3 million (CR 3:504) and (2) falsely imputed criminal behavior (CR 3:508). As proof for this proposition, Appellee refers to third-party comments posted on various comment boards - many of which were commenting on broadcasts by media organizations other than Appellant KTRK (CR 4:822-824, 826-847, 873-874). To be defamatory per se, however, the defamatory nature of the challenged statement must be apparent on its face without reference to extrinsic facts or "innuendo." Moore v. Waldrop, 166 S.W.3d 380 (Tex. App. - Waco 2005, no pet.). "If the court must resort to innuendo or extrinsic evidence to determine that the statement was defamatory, then it is 24 libel per quod and requires proof of injury and damages." Main v. Royall, 348 S. W.3d at 390. Appellee has provided no such proof. Appellee's per se claim fails because there was nothing intrinsically defamatory about Appellant's report on the State's investigation into Benji's mismanaged funds. Any innuendo Appellee attempted to raise is subjective, is not sufficient to sustain a per se claim of defamation, and should not have been considered by the trial court. In fact, even under a per quad analysis, Appellee's opinion of a statement has no bearing on whether a statement is defamatory. The test is what construction would be placed on the language by the average reasonable person or the general public, not by the Appellee. See Patton v. UPS, 910 F. Supp. 1250, 1274 (S.D. Tex. 1995); Schauer v. Memorial Care Sys., 856 S.W.2d 437, 449 (Tex. App. - Hou. [1 51 Dist.] 1993, no writ); Moore v. Waldrop, 166 S.W.3d 380 (Tex. App. - Waco 2005, no pet.). Furthermore, media defendants cannot be liable for varying subjective impressions that may have been generated from the broadcast of true statements. See ABC, Inc. v. Gill, 6 S.W.3d 19, 35- 38 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 1999, pet. denied); see also, Scripps Texas Newspapers, LP v. Belalcazar, 99 S.W.3d 829, 835 (Tex. App. - Corpus Christi 2003, pet. denied). Instead, allegedly defamatory statements are to be construed as a whole in light of the surrounding circumstances based upon how a person of ordinary inte!hgence would perceive it. See Afusser v. Smith Protective Servs., 723 S.W.2d 653 (Tex. 1987). Appellee's argument that Appellant said or insinuated the entire $3 million was embezzled is without merit. The broadcasts did not say this nor did they imply it. It is clear from the broadcasts that the school was operating until the time TEA closed it. The 25 problem being investigated (and what Appellant reported) was Appellee's accounting for the use of the funds, because all of the $3 million given to the school, was not accounted for in a proper manner. This is a true statement supported by considerable evidence in the record. Despite Appellee 's unsupported assertions that Appellant has accused her of criminal behavior, it is clear from looking at the broadcasts that Appellant never accused Appellee of embezzling funds or other criminal behavior. (CR 1:26-27, 29-30, 63, 72-73, 77-78, 82-83). None of the broadcasts ever mention the words embezzlement or misappropriation (or assert that such has happened), or any allegations of possible criminal behavior. In the September l 51h broadcast, KTRK discusses the fact that State money was not fully accounted for, the "lack of sufficient financial records," the debts Benji's owed and the State's contention that Benji's had not provided many receipts. (CR 1:26-27, 29-30). Never does KTRK state that Robinson (or even, Benji's) has misappropriated or embezzled funds. Similarly, the September 25th broadcast discusses the questionable lease situation, the fact that the State does not know how the State money was spent and that the charter was suspended over "concerns about money mismanagement." (CR 1:63). The September 27th article discusses the school's closing, the suspension of the charter, the fact that the State did not know how the money was spent and the lawsuit. (CR 1:72-73). Nowhere in the Complained of Statements, or in the broadcasts as a whole, does Appellant "unambiguously charge" Appellee with a crime, dishonesty, fraud, rascality, or general depravity. (CR 1:26-27, 29-30, 63, 72-73, 77-78, 82-83). 26  In fact, just the opposite was reported. Rather than unambiguously alleging - or even implying - criminal behavior, one of the broadcasts shows a school representative stating just the opposite - that he did not know of any fraud or abuse. (CR 1:63). What the broadcasts consistently say is that the State of Texas was concerned about Benji's financial mismanagement and failure to properly account for the use of State funds. These statements are indisputably true, do not allege any criminal conduct and are entirely consistent with the Final Order revoking Benji's charter. (CR 4: 1099-1112). TEA's concern for Benji's financial situation and failure to properly account for State funds was also demonstrated by statements made by TEA officials in other media reports on the brewing controversy. (CR 1:35; 2:400, 407-408, 415, 418, 421). Appellee also contended in the trial court that the comments made by others - in response to KTRK 's articles and in response to articles by other news organizations - demonstrated defamation per se because, in those internet comments, third parties accused her of criminal behavior, misappropriation, or other malfeasance. 7 (CR 3:504- 508; 1:31-33, 36-37, 41-60, 64-65, 74-74-75, 79-80, 83-84, 87). In a claim for defamation per se, however, Appellant can only be held responsible for statements it actually made - and whether it actually unambiguously accused her of a crime, which it clearly did not. Furthermore, Appellant cannot be held responsible for what others say 7 Additionally, Appellee alleged that it did not sue the other media outlets that reported on the ongoing controversy because they did not ''report[] anything like the statements made by" KTRK (CR 3:503 ). But, if the gauge of whether a report is defamatory per se is what internet commenters say on the comment message board for an article, as Appellee alleges, then Appellee's own evidence would indicate that the most defamatory (and, perhaps, harmful) report was an article by the Houston Chronicle, printed on their website on September 15, 20 I 0, that generated 168 comments (CR I :41-60), the most (and some of the most damning) comments of any of the reports that Appellee introduced into evidence at the trial court. But, neither the Houston Chronicle article nor the KTRK broadcasts accuse Appellee of a crime and none of the comments attached to the broadcasts change that fact. 27 about Robinson. WFAA-TV, Inc. v. Mclemore, 978 S.W.2d 568, 571 (1998) (stating that to maintain a defamation cause of action, the Appellee must prove that the Appellant published a statement). If the Court must resort to such extrinsic evidence to make the determination, as Appellee requested the trial court to do, then the claim may not be sustained for defamation per se (but instead is only per quad, which Appellee did not plead and certainly did not provide evidence of in the trial court). Main v. Royall, 348 S.W.3d at 390. Finally, even if Appellee were now to take the position that the statements were defamatory per quad, Appellee has not pied nor proven a prima facie case of (and has introduced no evidence of) actual damages. See, e.g., Leyendecker & Assocs. v. Wechter, 683 S.W.2d 369, 374 (Tex. 1984) (for libel per quad, actual damages must be pleaded and proved before general damages can be recovered). Because Appellee did not and could not demonstrate clear and specific evidence that what Appellant actually said about Appellee (and not any innuendo or reference of extrinsic evidence and not what unrelated parties feel about Robinson) was defamatory per se, it was error for the trial court to deny Appellant's Motion to Dismiss. III. Appellee Was Required to and Failed to Show Clear and Specific Evidence of Actual Malice. A. Appellee is a Public Figure The trial comt failed to even address the fact that Appellee is a public figure and, therefore, required to prove actual malice as an essential element of her claim. Because the Appellee's status as a public figure is outcome determinative, it was error for the court to gloss over this critical issue. See, e.g., Ampex Corp. v. Cargyle, 128 Cal. App. 28  4th 1569, 1578 (Cal. App. 1st Dist. 2005) (Reversing the denial of an Anti-SLAPP motion when limited purpose public figure did not produce any evidence or inferences from evidence concerning Appellant's attitude or state of mind with respect to the veracity of the messages posted on message boards); Christian Research Institute v. Alnor, 148 Cal. App. 4th 71 (Cal. App. 4th Dist. 2007) (Reversing lower court's denial of an Anti-SLAPP motion and holding that although the Appellee had shown falsity it had failed to demonstrate "actual malice by clear and convincing evidence"). State charter schools receive state and federal funding, but have less oversight than schools that are run by a district; therefore, because Appellee held a position of substantial responsibility for or control over the school, the public had an independent interest in the qualifications and performance of Robinson as the person who ran such a school. See, e.g., Rosenblatt v. Baer, 383 U.S. 75, 85-86, 86 S. Ct. 669, 676 (1966). As a superintendent of a charter school that received more than $3 million in funds from the State each year, Appellee's occupation was one that invited independent interest beyond the general interest in the qualifications and performance of all governmental employees. See, e.g., Beck v. Lone Star, 970 S.W.2d 610, 614-15 (Tex. App. - Tyler 1998, pet. denied) (holding assistant superintendent is public official for all purposes). 8 Furthermore, there exists significant precedent holding that an array of public school and 8 See also, Purvis v. Ballanti11e, 487 S.E.2d 14, 17 (Ga. Ct. App. 1997) (holding superintendent public official because he routinely made personnel. administrative and budgetary decisions affecting the public school system); Scott '" News-Herald, 25 Ohio St.3d 243, 496 N .E.2d 699 (Ohio 1986) (holding school superintendent is public official because he was responsible for implementing policies, expected to serve as a role model for students, and exercised supervisory authority over students); State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759 (La. 1981) (holding positions of school superintendent and school supervisor are such that the public has an independent interest in the qualifications and performance of the persons who hold them, beyond the public interest in the qualifications and performance of all govemment employees and, thus, both are ''public officials" for defamation purposes). 29  other public employees with administrative responsibility are public officials within the meaning of Rosenblatt. 9 Thus, because of her role at Benji's, Appellee is a public figure and/or public official for purposes of this Court's defamation analysis. In addition, as a government contractor who was paid close to $3 million annually in taxpayer money, at a time when charter schools were embroiled in public controversy (CR 5:1267-1286), Appellee, by her own conduct, was involved in a subject of legitimate public concern that was sufficient to invite public comment. This fact alone makes Appellee a public figure. Brewer v. Memphis Pub. Co., 626 F.2d 1238, 1254 (5 1h Cir. 1980) (by choosing to engage in activities that necessarily involved increased public exposure and media scrutiny, plaintiff played more than a trivial or tangential role in the controversy and, therefore, bore the risk of injury to his reputation); Rosanova v. Playboy Enters., Inc., 580 F.2d 859, 862 (5 1h Cir. 1978) (individual's desire not to be a public figure does not matter if his activities are of legitimate public concern that invited public comment). See also, WFAA-TV, Inc. v. Mclemore, 978 S.W.2d 568 (Tex. I 998), cert. denied, 119 S. Ct. 1358 (1999); Amerz'can Broadcasting Co. v. Gill, 6 S.W.3d 19 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 1999, pet. denied) (brothers who maintained ownership interests in savings and loans during the savings and loan crisis and who were the subject of 9 See. e.g.. Standridge v. Ramey, 733 A.2d 1197, 1201-02 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1999) (public school athletic director was public official because his position involved "public visibility and responsibility for the conduct of governmental affairs" which included "managing and supervising" duties); Jee v. New York Post, 671 N.Y.S.2d 920, 923-24 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1998) (public school principal is public official because she "appeared to have responsibility over the conduct of education at the school [which] was sufficient to trigger public official standards, even if she did not actually have the power that the public perceived [she had]"), affd. 688 N. Y .S.2d 49 (App. Div. 1999); Johnson v. Robinsdale lndep. Sch. Dist. No. 281, 827 F. Supp. 1439, 1443 (D. Minn. 1993) (public elementary school principal was a public official where he managed school employees and "appeared to have responsibility over the conduct of education" at the school "sufficient to trigger public official standards"); Kapiloff v. Dunn., 343 A.2d 251, 258 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 1975) (high school principal was within the public figure-public official classification and his "suitability for the position was a matter of public or general interest or concern''). 30 numerous investigations regarding the institution were public figures); Swate v. Schiffers, 975 S.W.2d 70, 75-76 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 1998, pet. denied) (trial court properly concluded Swate was a public figure even if he may not have voluntarily injected himself into the controversy when his behavior described by the articles was the type that interests the public); Brueggemeyer v. ABC, Inc., 684 F. Supp. 452, 458 (N.D. Tex. 1988) (trial court properly concluded Brueggemeyer was a public figure even if he did not, of his own volition, undertake to become one, because he voluntarily engaged in a course that was bound to invite attention and comment). Although one does not become a public figure merely by contracting with the government or accepting public money, one who contracts with the government can become a public figure because of the way in which she conducts herself in connection with those public contracts. See, e.g., McDO"well v. Paiewonsky, 769 F.2d 942, 949 (3d Cir. 1985); Carr v. Forbes, 259 F.3d 273 (4th Cir. 2001 ). Appellee claims to have not voluntarily injected herself into the controversy; however, the fact that she chose to be the Founder, Superintendent and Executive Director of Benji's Special Academy at a time when such involvement in charter schools generally, and Benji's in particular, was inviting a tremendous amount of public comment and scrutiny by law enforcement (looking into the double payment of rent issue), government agencies (the TEA revoking its chaiier), and the general public is enough. There can be no doubt that by ignoring TEA's financial rep01iing requirements and orders, by encouraging parents to defy the State's closure of the school, by calling her own press conference to announce the school remaining open despite the State's order, by refusing to allow the auditors to do their 31 work at the school, and through speaking to the media, Appellee conducted herself in a manner in connection with her government contract that invited public comment and scrutiny . 10 Finally, it has long been the law that when a person "thrust herself to the forefront of any particular public controversy to influence the resolution of the issues involved in it," she becomes a limited purpose public figure. See Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323, 351-2, 94 S. Ct. 2997, 3013, 41 L. Ed. 789 (1974). Appellee frequently spoke out in public venues, to the media, and to TEA in an effort to influence the outcome of the controversy concerning the accreditation of Benji's. (CR I :39; 2:358-59, 2:403-404, 407, 415, 418, 420, 423; 2:478-481,484-85; 5: 1291-1292, 1296-1300). Whether a person is a public official or public figure is a question of Jaw, and the evidence presented to this Court clearly establishes Appellee is just that. See Rosenblatt v. Baer, 383 U.S. 75, 88, 86 S. Ct. 669, 15 L.Ed.2d 597 (1966); WFAA-TV. Inc. v. Mclemore, 978 S.W.2d 568, 571 (Tex. 1998). As such, Appellee must establish KTRK knew what it said about Appellee was false and purposefully lied in its broadcasts. See, CurUs Publishing Co. v. Butts, 388 U.S. 130, 154-55 (1967); Casso v. Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551, 557-58 (Tex. 1989). Appellee has failed to provide any evidence of this essential element of her claim. 10 See. e.g.. CACI Premier Technology, Inc. 1·. Rhodes, et. al., 536 F.3d 280 (4 1h Cir. 2008) (government contractor held public figure); Capuano v. The Outlet Co., 579 A.2d 469 (R.I. 1990) (owners of waste management companies who functioned in implementation of quasi-governmental program through two municipality contracts considered public figures); C(vb11rn v. New World Communications. Inc., 705 F. Supp. 635 (D.D.C. 1989), a.[f'd. 903 F.2d 29 (D.C. Cir. 1990) (government contractor held public figure); McDowell v. Paiewonsky, 769 F.2d 942, 950 (3d Cir. 1985) (decision to work on public projects is a voluntary act rendering one a limited purpose public figure, since such projects ········· especially controversial ones -·· engender public scrutiny). 32  B. The Complained of Statements Were Privileged. Even if she were not found to be a public figure, Appellee must still prove actual malice because the statements involve matters of public concern and are privileged. See Gertz v. Welch, 418 U.S. 323 (1974); Huckabee v. Time Warner, 19 S.W.3d 413 (Tex. 2000). All of the Complained of Statements are protected by constitutional, statutory and common law privileges, including the fair report and fair comment privileges. The fair report privilege includes repmiing the contents of pleadings filed with the courts, investigations by governmental bodies, and substantially true accounts of official or judicial proceedings. The use of the phrase "fair, true and impartial" in the privilege has been construed to mean "substantially true." Herald-Post Publishing Co., Inc. v. Hill, 891 S.W.2d 638 (Tex. 1994); Langston v. Eagle Publishing Co., 719 S.W.2d 612 (Tex. App. - Waco 1986, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Appellee herself describes TEA's plan "to report to the major news organizations ... that over $3 million in public funds given to Benji's over the past year, i.e. the entire annual budget for operations, was unaccounted for." (CR I :9, ~37). And, to the extent Appellee complains that the information provided by TEA to KTRK was incorrect, this does not overcome the privilege protecting Appellant's broadcasts. See Freedom Communications, Inc. v. Sotelo, 2006 WL 1644602, 34 Media L. Rep. 2207 (Tex. App. - Eastland 2006, no pet.) (the privilege also extends to reporting based on erroneous government information.) Furthermore, the "fair, true and impartial privilege" has been construed to provide "great latitude" to reports of official proceedings. Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Transamerican Natural Gas Co1p., 7 S.W.3d 801 (Tex. App. - Hou. [I st Dist.] 1999, no pet.). See Tex. Civ. Prac. & 33 Rem. Code §73.002 (a) and (b). Thus, there is no doubt Appellant's reporting on TEA's investigation of Appellee's financial mismanagement of Benji's falls within the fair report privilege. In addition, the broadcasts and articles at issue are privileged as a reasonable and fair comment on a matter of public concern published for general information pursuant to the common law and the Texas and the United States Constitutions. Humane Society of Dallas v. Dallas Morning Ne>vs, L.P., 180 S.W.3d 921, 923 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2005, no pet.). Because the broadcasts focused on highly relevant political issues and government investigations, such as whether over $3 million in state funds was properly accounted for, and the chaiier revocation and closure of a school in the Houston community, Appellant is protected by the fair comment privilege. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §73.002(b)(2). The fair comment privilege extends to reports on what state agencies and officials are doing. See Brewer v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc., 986 S.W.2d 636, 644-45 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 1998, no pet.) (fair comment privilege applied to primarily factual account of state agency inspections); Swate v. Schiffers, 975 S.W.2d 70, 77 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 1998, pet. denied) (Broadcasts concerning complaints made to the medical board constituted privileged reports of an official proceeding about medical care, which constitutes a matter of public concern). Thus, Appellant's reporting on allegations of improper, undocumented or unaccounted for use of government funds certainly falls within the purview of the privilege. 34 IV. Appellee Failed to Prove By Clear and Specific Evidence the Complained of Statements were Published with Actual Malice. Despite having the burden to do so, Appellee did not provide a prima fade case, by clear and specific evidence, of actual malice by Appellant. To the contrary, Appellant's uncontroverted affidavits squarely establish a lack of actual malice. (CR 2:217-219, 371-373, 433-435). To establish actual malice one must ask whether the speaker subjectively believed what was published at the time of publication. Casso v. Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551, 558-59 (Tex. 1989). Actual malice, which Appellee repeatedly confused with "malice" in the trial court, is a term of art in defamation law. It does not mean ill will, but rather publication of a false statement knowing the statement was false, or with reckless disregard as to the truth of the statement. Gertz v. Welch, 418 U.S. at 349, 94 S. Ct. at 3013; Casso v. Brand, 776 S.W.2d at 554. "Reckless disregard" means not mere "sloppiness", but that the publisher in fact ente1iained serious doubts about the truth of the statement. Id. at 558 (quoting St. Armant v. Thompson, 390 U.S. 727, 731, 88 S. Ct. 1323, 1325 (1968). Although it was not its burden, KTRK introduced in the trial court the affidavits from its employees who worked on the reports establishing their belief in the truth of the statements published by KTRK. (CR 2:217-219, 371-373, 433-435). See Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton, 491 U.S. 657, 688, I 09 S. Ct. 2678, 105 L.Ed.2d 562 (11989). Appellee, on the other hand, provided no evidence - let alone clear and specific evidence - of Appellant's state of mind. Instead, Appellee attempts to manipulate what Appellant has said to bolster her case asking how Appellant could have, 35 in the absence of "malice," "conclude[d] that a school had operated for a year without paying payroll or utilities" or believed that "the State had no idea where any of this vast sum of money was spent." (CR 3:512). The answer is simple: Appellant never made the statements Appellee is now trying to attribute to it. As with the other elements of her claim, Appellee has merely thrown up suppositions and hypotheticals - none of which are evidence of the elements of her claim. See Brownlee v. Bruwnlee, 665 S.W.2d 111 (Tex. 1984); Mcintyre v. Ramirez, I 09 S.W.3d 741 (Tex. 2003); see also, ABC, Inc. v. Shanks, 1 S.W.3d 230, 237 (Tex. App. - Corpus Christi 1999, pet. denied). "To prove malice, the Appellee must offer proof of the Appellant's state of mind at the time of publication." Abdel-Hafiz, 240 S.W.3d 492, 519 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied) (citing Skeen 159 S.W.3d at 637). Appellee has failed to do so. Instead, essentially conceding that she has no evidence of actual malice, Appellee argued that actual malice was demonstrated circumstantially through Appellee's improper mischaracterizations of what Appellant said. (CR 3:512-513). Even if Appellee did not like the choice of words used by Appellant, a "poor choice of words, without any showing to indicate that the authors thought they were making a false statement or at least had serious doubts about its truth, does not create evidence of actual malice." Abdel-Hafiz, 240 S.W.3d at 520. To demonstrate actual malice, it is not enough to demonstrate an error in judgment or to claim that different words might have been better used. Id. Instead, Appellee must demonstrate that Appellant was aware that its choice of words could create a false impression. Abdel-Hafiz, 240 S.W.3d at 522; see also, Huckabee v. nme Warner, 19 S.W.3d 413, 426 (libel plaintiff must show that 36 publisher selected the material "with the awareness that the om1ss1011 could create a substantially false impression."); Isaacks, 146 S.W.3d at 162 ("When the words lend themselves to more than one interpretation, the plaintiff must establish either the defendant knew that the words would convey a defamatory message, or had reckless disregard for their effect."). An error in judgment is not sufficient to demonstrate actual malice. Abdel-Hafiz, 240 S.W.3d at 519. Instead, Appellee was required to demonstrate that Appellant "purposefully published mistaken facts or that the circumstances were 'so improbable that only a reckless publisher would have made the mistake.'" Id. (quoting Freedom Ne'rvspapers of Tex. v. Cantu, 168 S.W.3d 847, 855 (Tex. 2005)). Appellee has not provided any evidence to support a claim that Appellant acted with actual malice. Therefore, it was error for the cou1t to find that Appellee established by clear and specific evidence that Appellant acted with actual malice. V. Appellee Failed to Establish With Clear and Specific Evidence That The Complained of Statements Were Materially False. A. Appellant's Broadcasts Were Substantially True Appellee failed to provide any evidence, let alone clear and specific evidence, of material falsity of the Complained of Statements. This is not surprising, because KTRK's reporting was true or substantially true as a matter of law. Truth is an absolute defense in libel cases in Texas. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §73.005; Randall's Food Jvfarket, Inc. v. Johnson, 891 S.W.2d 640, 646 (Tex. 1995). KTRK reported truthfully and accurately that the TEA was investigating Appellee and her charter school for not properly accounting for, among other things, over 37 $3 million in government funding for one year. Appellee's narrow complaint is that because KTRK stated the total amount of funding when repotiing on questions over mismanagement, she thinks people might infer that she failed to account for any of it, arguing that she did indeed provide records to show how some of that funding was spent. A publisher cannot be held liable for a true account of events, regardless of what someone may infer from the statements. See Green v. CBS, Inc., 286 F.3d 281, 285 (5 111 Cir. 2002); Larson v. Fami(y Violence & Sexual Assault Prevention Center, 64 S.W.3d 506, 515-516 (Tex. App. - Corpus Christi 2001, pet. denied). In any event, KTRK did, in fact, report that Appellee provided some records and receipts for the use of State funds, but the TEA's concern was that it was insufficient to account for all of the moneys given. Essentially, Appellee admits the truth of the Complained of Statements and instead quibbles over the specifics - a position Texas courts do not recognize as establishing material falsity. See, e.g., Rogers v. Dallas Morning News, Inc., 889 S.W.2d 467 (Tex. App. - Dallas 1994, writ denied) (finding newspaper's inaccurate statement that a charity only spent I 0% of its donations on actual services, when, in fact, the charity spent 43% of its donations on services, was a minor error and did not affect the "gist" of the story, which was accurate); Dmvner v. Amalgamated Meatcutters and Butcher Workmen of N. Am., 550 S.W.2d 744, 747 (Tex. Civ. App. - Dallas 1977, writ refd n.r.e.) (Affirming summary judgment where Appellant published statement that Appellee embezzled $2,187.77 instead of $840.73); Fort Worth Press Co. v. Davis, 96 S.W.2d 416, 419 (Tex. Civ. App. - Fort Worth 1936, writ denied) (reversing trial court judgment and finding for media defendant where 38 defendant incorrectly stated plaintiff wasted $80,000 in taxpayer funds rather than $17,575.00). The question is whether a statement is substantially true and that is a question of law for the court to decide. Herald-Post Publishing Co. v. Hill, 891 S.W.2d 638 (Tex. 1994) (Newspaper reported that witness at trial accused an attorney and his investigator of threatening her when in fact only the investigator made the threat. The court dismissed, as a matter of law, on substantial truth grounds); Mcilvain v. Jacobs, 794 S.W.2d 14, 16 (Tex. 1990) (Despite the presence of several minor mischaracterizations, the court held as a matter of law the report was substantially true and affirmed summary judgment). Further, in Texas, it is not enough to prove that a stated fact was literally false. Instead, Appellee must show that the statements were materially false - meaning the alleged defamatory statement had to have been more damaging to the Appellee's reputation, in the mind of the average listener, than a truthful statement would have been. Mcilvain v. Jacobs, 794 S.W.2d 14, 16 (Tex. 1990); KTRK Televisfon v. Felder, 950 S.W.2d 100, 105-106 (Tex. App. - Hou. [14th Dist.] 1997, no writ). If the underlying gist of the Complained of Statements is true and undisputed, "any variance with respect to items of secondary importance" can be disregarded. Id.; Provencio v. Paradigm ~Media, et al., 44 S.W.3d 677 (Tex. App. - El Paso 200 I, no pet.) (misleading return address on postcard from news organization to sex offender did not defeat truth defense). Appellee has not denied that it is true that Benji's was in debt at the time of the KTRK broadcasts, or that TEA had been investigating Benji's finances and had found State money unaccounted for, and, as a result, had closed the school. She also does not 39 contest that TEA provided Benji's with over $3 million in taxpayer funds in just one year, that the financial management issues had been going on for years, and that the State did not know where substantial taxpayer funds provided to Benji's had gone. Benji's failed to account for significant State funds advanced by TEA, suffered from severe financial mismanagement, and lacked accountability in its record keeping with the State. (CR 4:918-925, 945, 948-949, 953). These continual problems ultimately caused the closure of the school and the revocation of Benji's charter by the State. Thus, the "gist" of KTRK's broadcasts is true and undisputed. B. The Substantial Truth Test Applies to Appellant's Reporting on Ongoing Allegations Under Investigation by the TEA. It is also the law in Texas that "a media defendant's reporting of third-party allegations and any investigation thereof is substantially true if it accurately depicts the allegations being made and the existence of any investigation, regardless of whether the underlying allegations are themselves substantially true." Neely v. Wilson, 331 S.W.3d 900, 919 (Tex. App. - Austin 2011, pet. granted); UTV of San Antonio, Inc. v. Ardmore, Inc., 82 S.W.3d 609, 611 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 2002, no pet.); ABC Inc. v. Gill, 6 S.W.3d 19, 33 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 1999, pet. denied). When a case involves a media defendant, coLnis have held the defendant need only prove that third party allegations reported in a broadcast were, in fact, made and under investigation, and, the defendant does not need to demonstrate the underlying allegations themselves are substantially true. Ardmore, Inc., 82 S.W.3d at 612. This extends to investigations or charges made even by non-governmental organizations or individuals. See KTRK 40 Television v. Felder, 950 S.W.2d 100 (Tex. App. - Hou. [14th Dist.] 1997, no writ); see also, ABC Inc. v. Gill, 6 S.W.3d 19. In the Felder case, a report that a school with a history of discipline and personnel problems was embroiled in another controversy in which there were allegations of physical threats and verbal abuse was substantially true, whether or not the details were literally true. Similarly, Appellant's reporting on the allegations under investigation by TEA concerning Appellee's financial mismanagement of Benji's is substantially true. Because Appellee failed to demonstrate by clear and specific evidence that the Complained of Statements were materially false, and Appellant provided uncontroverted evidence that they are substantially true, it was error for the trial court to deny Appellant's Motion to Dismiss. VI. Appellee Failed to Establish With Clear and Specific Evidence That The Complained of Statements Were "Of and Concerning" Appellee. Appellee failed to establish by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case that the Complained of Statements were "of and concerning" Appellee. As is clear from the record in this case, none of the Complained of Statements ever mentions Appellee by name or position. (CR I :26-27, 29-30, 63, 72-73, 77-78, 82-83). Instead, the Complained of Statements all refer to Benji's or "the school." In fact, in looking at the broadcasts themselves, only two broadcasts even mention Appellee Robinson - and neither in the context of the $3 million. In one broadcast, in discussing how many students stood by Benji's, despite the problems, the report includes a statement from a student praising Robinson for giving students a second chance, saying "Ms. Robinson, 41 she sit down and talk to you other schools would just suspend you." This is hardly a defamatory statement. (CR 1:26-27, 29-30). The only other mention of Robinson is in the September 25th and September 27th broadcasts which involve a discussion about the lease issue that Appellee does not dispute. (CR 1:63, 72). Those broadcasts discuss the fact that the City of Houston was looking into the lease issue, and note that Robinson is listed in the Secretary of State's records as a founder of both the school board and the Charter Holder board. (CR 1:63, 72). Robinson does not deny any of this. None of the other broadcasts and none of the Complained of Statements ever name Appellee. For there to be a cause of action for defamation, the allegedly defamatory statements must be "of and concerning" the plaintiff. See Huckabee v. Time Warner Entm 't Co., 19 S.W.3d 413, 429 (Tex. 2000); Neu'Spapers, Inc. v. J\1atthews, 339 S.W.2d 890, 893 (Tex. 1960). "There must be evidence showing that the attack was read as specifically directed at the plaintiff." Rosenblatt v. Baer, 383 U.S. 75, 81, 86 S. Ct. 669 (1966). Because the Complained of Statements were not of and concerning Appellee and she did not introduce clear and specific evidence that they were, it was error for the trial court to so find. PRAYER The Texas Citizens' Patiicipation Act requires a court to dismiss a lawsuit where the claims arise out of a defendant's exercise of the right of free speech, unless the plaintiff can establish by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each essential element of every one of his or her claims. Appellee has failed to meet her burden, and 42 the trial court erred in denying Appellant's Motion to Dismiss brought pursuant to this statute. Respectfully submitted, HA YNES AND BOONE, LLP By: _ _ /s/_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 600 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300 Austin, TX 78701 Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Telecopier: (512) 867-8470 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT KTRK TELEVISION, INC. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing document has been sent, as indicated below, on this 21st day of June, 2012, to the following counsel of record: Via Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested Berry Dunbar Bowen 3014 Brazos Street Houston, TX 77006 Counsel for Appellee 43  APPENDIX Pursuant to Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure 38. I (k)(I )(A) and 38.2(a)(2), Appellee attaches the following items to the Appendix: TAB Order Denying Defendant's Motion to Dismiss A Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law B Order Denying Defendant's Motion for Reconsideration c Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.001 et seq. D 254284_8.DOC 44  APPENDIX TAB U: Appellant's Brief in Reply in No. 01-12-00372-CV (WITHOUT EXHIBITS)  ACCEPTED 221 EFJ017154720 FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS 12 October 29 P1 :35 M KARINNE McCULLOUGH CAUSE NO. 01-12-00372-CV CLERK IN THE FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Appellant, v. THEAOLA ROBINSON, Appellee. On Appeal from the 234 1h Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas, the Hon. Reece Rondon, Presiding APPELLANT KTRK TELEVISION, INC.'s BRIEF IN REPLY Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Haynes and Boone, LLP 600 Congress A venue, Suite 1300 Austin, Texas 78701 Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Facsimile: (512) 867-8470 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT KTRK TELEVISION, lNC. APPELLANT REQUESTS ORAL ARGUMENT  TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SlJMMARY ........................................................................................................ 1 II. STANDARD OF REVIEW ................................................................................. 4 III. ROBINSON'S IMPROPER RECITATION OF "FACTS" ................................ 7 A. Robinson's Statement of Facts ................................................................. 7 B. Other Facts ............................................................................................... 8 C. KTRK 's Undisputed Facts ....................................................................... 9 IV. THE TRIAL COURT IMPROPERLY FOUND THAT A LEGAL ACTION OVER PRIOR BROADCASTS COULD NOT HA VE BEEN BROUGHT TO DETER FREE SPEECH ............................................................................... 9 V. ROBINSON DID NOT ESTABLISH EACH ELEMENT OF HER CLAIM OF DEFAMATION PER SE BY CLEAR AND SPECIFIC EVIDENC.E ..................................................................................... I 0 A. Robinson did not establish that the statements were defamatory per se ................................................................................... 11 B. Robinson did not establish that the statements were materially false ........................................................................................................ 14 C. Robinson did not establish that the statements were made with actual malice ........................................................................................... 16 D. Robinson did not establish the statements were of and concerning her ........................................................................................ 20 VI. THE ANTI-SLAPP STATUTE IS CONSTITUTIONAL ................................ 22 VII. PRAYER ........................................................................................................... 24 ii  TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s} CASES ABC, Inc. v. Shanks, l S.W.3d 230 (Tex. App. - Corpus Christi 1999, pet. denied) .................................... 19 Abdel-Hafiz v. ABC, Inc., 240 S.W.3d 492 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied) ............................... 16, 18 Abdenour v. Mid Nat 'l Holdings, Inc., 190 S.W.3d 237 (Tex. App. - Hou. [1 51 Dist.] 2006, no pet.) ........................................ 8 Anderson Dev 't Co. v. Tobias, 116 P.3d 323 (Utah 2005) ............................................................................................ 23 Barber v. Colorado Indep. Sch. Dist., 901 S.W.2d447(Tex.1995) .......................................................................................... 4 Bentley v. Bunton, 94 S.W.3d 561 (Tex. 2002) .................................................................................... 19, 20 Berg v. AMF Inc., 29 S.W.3d 212 (Tex. App. - Hou. [14th Dist.] 2000, no pet.) ...................................... 5 Brewer v. Simental, 268 S.W.3d 763 (Tex. App. - Waco 2008) ................................................................. 22 Brownlee v. Brownlee, 665 S.W.2d 111 (Tex. 1984) ........................................................................................ 19 Cabral v. Martins, 177 Cal. App. 4th 4 71, 99 Cal. Rptr. 3d 394 (2009) ...................................................... 4 Casso v. Brand, 776 S. W.2d 551 (Tex. 1989) .................................................................................. 17, 24 Channel Two Television v. Dickerson, 725 S.W.2d 470 (Tex. App. - Hou. [I st Dist.] 1987, no writ) ...................................... 6 City of Dallas v. Reed, 258 S.W.3d 620 (Tex. 2008) .......................................................................................... 4 iii  Columbia Valley Regional Medical Center v. Bannert, 112 S.W.3d 193 (Tex. App. - Corpus Christi 2003, no pet.) ...................................... 12 Cullum v. White, No. 2011 WL 6202800 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 2011, n.w.h.) ................................ 21 Day v. Farrell, Cause No. 97-2722, 2000 WL 33159180 (R.I. Sup. Ct. May 15, 2000) ..................... 23 Diamond Shamrock Re.fining and Marketing Co. v. Mendez, 844 S.W.2d 198 (Tex. 1992) ........................................................................................ 10 Doe v. CahUl, 884 A.2d 451 (Del. 2005) .............................................................................................. 7 Dolcefino v. Turner, 987 S. W.2d 100 (Tex. App. 1998) affd sub nom. Turner v. KTRK Television, Inc., 38 S. W.3d I 03 (Tex. 2000) .................................................................................. 15 Dmvner v. Amalgamated Meatcutters and Butcher Workmen ofN. Am., 550 S.W.2d 744 (Tex. Civ. App. - Dallas 1977, writ ref d n.r.e.) .............................. 16 Duncan v. Better. KTRK Television, Inc., 38 S.W.3d 103, 114 (Tex. 2000); Columbia Valley Regional Medical Center v. Bannert, 112 S.W.3d 193, 198 (Tex. App. ··-Corpus Christi 2003, no pet.). 47 Hancock v. Variyam, 345 S. W .3d 157, 164 (Tex. App. -- Amarillo 2011, pet. granted) (citations, parentheticals and quotations omitted). 4 R CR 1:26-27, 29-30, 63, 72-73. 77-78, 82-83. In fact, as discussed elsewhere, KTRK did not make ill1Y. statements about Robinson except to include a quote from a former student praising her and to briefly discuss a lease issue over which Robinson has not brought any claim. Furthermore, in arguing that no criminal threat had been made against her - a charge that only Robinson herself (and not KTRK) has suggested. Robinson makes a nonsensical assertion that a KTRK reporter once charged her with criminal prosecution, despite the fact that a private citizen does not have the power to prosecute. See Appellee's Brief, fn. 3 I. 49 CR l :26-27. 29-30, 63, 72-73, 77-78, 82-83. 50 Id. 12  The broadcasts clearly state that the TEA was concerned with the "lack of financial record" (or "lack of sufficient financial records") and "money mismanagement" and that it had not been provided with "proper financial records." 51 The truth of these statements is unequivocally set forth in the Record. 52 TEA, as the steward of public funds, had every right to be concerned that it had not been provided with sufficient or proper financial records to account for the use of public money that was entrusted to a charter school. TEA also had every right to demand a proper accounting, according to their public requirements and standards 53 , and to be concerned when such was not done. Further, when such public funds were not properly accounted for, KTRK had a right and responsibility to report on this matter of public concern. But, reporting that TEA wanted answers or a proper accounting of how all (not just part) of the funds were spent does not mean that either TEA or KTRK accused Benji's or Robinson of engaging in criminal behavior. There is a vast difference between stating that a governmental body, understandably concerned with a failure to properly account for public money, is trying to figure out how taxpayer dollars are being spent by a charter school and stating that its founder has committed a crime or misappropriated the funds. The problem being investigated (and what KTRK reported) was Benji's accounting for the use of the funds, because all of the $3 million given to the school was not accounted for in a proper manner. 54 This is a true statement supported by 51 CR I :26-27, 30, 63, 78. 52 CR 2:266-267, 271-272, 312, 328, 332, 335-336, 357-358, 361, 455, 463; 4:901-904. 53 CR 2:265-274, 283-284, 311-313, 330-334, 360-361. 54 In her Brief, Appellee conveniently ignores years of findings by TEA of financial instability and mismanagement. Compare Appellee 's Brief, th. I to Appellant's Brief, pp. 3-6. She also ignores the impropriety of the lease 13  considerable undisputed evidence in the Record 55 and does not unambiguously charge Robinson with a "crime, dishonesty fraud, rascality, or general depravity[.]" It is a long- standing principle in libel law that if the court must resort to innuendo or extrinsic evidence to determine that the statement was defamatory, then it is libel per quad and requires proof of injury and damages. Main v. Royall, 348 S. W.3d 381, 390 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2011, no pet.). Robinson did not plead (and could not demonstrate) defamation per quad, and because of her reliance on innuendo, Robinson has failed to establish that the statements are defamatory per se. B. Robinson did not establish that the statements were materially false Robinson argues that the broadcasts are false because Benji's closure was due to reasons other than the poor accounting for State money. Robinson's semantics fail. Indeed, the TEA declared a state of "financial exigency" prior to the school shutting down. 56 Contrary to Robinson's repeated claim TEA had access to all of Benji's financial information since 2008 57 , the TEA records clearly discuss Robinson's refusal to cooperate with Robert Seale, the individual hired by TEA to provide Benji's and Robinson with "financial management leadership." 58 According to TEA, Robinson mounted an ongoing effort to block Seale's access to the school's financial data, even forbidding the school's chief bookkeeper from speaking to Mr. Seale. 59 At the same time, Benji's and Robinson, in particular, had repeatedly failed to provide acceptable accounting and financial records arrangement she entered where she leased out City property for a profit of $8,999.00 a year. Compare Appellee's Brief, Statement of Facts 23, if 11 to CR 2 :232-254. These facts are undisputed. 55 See. e.g.. CR 2:304-367. 56 CR2:316,361. 57 See, e.g., Appellee's Brief, pp. 18, 24. 58 CR 2:331-332. 59 Id. 14  to TEA. Thus, despite the State's attempts to assist the school, Robinson sought to thwart any intervention by the State, only compounding the problems at hand. 60 It was not until Rick Schneider took over as superintendent on September 7, 2010 that, within a few days, he discovered the school's bank account held less than $100. 61 Schneider reported to TEA that the school was in urgent financial condition, and on September 13, 2010, the board of managers accepted Schneider's recommendation to "declare a financial exigency" and voted to close the school."2 Given the foregoing, none of which is contested by Appellee, it is apparent the statements are substantially true, and Appellee has failed to meet her burden of establishing material falsity.<» To be clear, Robinson does not deny that TEA had been overseeing Benji's for a number of years, that Benji's had significant financial problems and was in debt, or that it was closed due to financial exigency. Robinson further admits that she is not arguing the gist of the Complained of Statements is false. 64 Instead, Robinson objects to KTRK's characterization of the State's concerns. Under long-standing Texas law, Robinson, and the Court are not permitted to act as an after-the-fact editor of substantially true accounts about matters of public concern. 65 6 °CR 2:266-267, 271-272, 328, 332, 455, 463; 4:901-904. 61 CR 2:334; see also, CR 2:361, 400, 425, 477. 62 CR 2:316, 334. 63 See Mcilvain v. Jacobs, 794 S.W.2d 14 (Tex. 1990) (to recover for defamation against a media defendant, plaintiff must show material falsity). 64 See Appellee's Brief, page 25. 65 Dolcejino v. Tumer, 987 S.W.2d 100, 121 (Tex. App. 1998) ( "the exercise of editorial judgment to omit information favorable to the plaintiff is no evidence of actual malice.") a.fl'd sub nom. Turner v. KTRK Television, Inc., 38 S.W.3d 103 (Tex. 2000). See also, lvfiami Herald Pub. Co. v. Tornillo, 418 U.S. 241, 258. 94 S. Ct. 2831. 2840, 41 L. Ed. 2d 730 (1974) ("The choice of material to go into a newspaper, and the decisions made as to limitations on the size and content of the paper, and treatment of public issues and public officials - whether fair or unfair - constitute the exercise of editorial control and judgment."); Huckabee v. Time Warner E11t111 1t Co. L.P., 19 S. W .3d 413, 426 (Tex. 2000) ("the First Amendment protects the organization's choice of which material to include 15  In addition, to the extent Appellee is quibbling over details, Texas courts do not recognize minor errors as establishing material falsity. 06 The question of whether a statement is substantially true is a question of law for the court to decide. 67 Tn light of the overwhelming evidence that Benji's and Robinson had habitually failed to provide adequate financial records and properly account for the considerable State funds advanced to them over the course of several years; in light of the fact that the financial accounting problems and financial exigency caused the closure of the school, and in light of Robinson's admission that she was not contesting the gist of the statements, Robinson failed to establish that the Complained of Statements were materially false. C. Robinson did not establish that the statements were made with actual malice The actual malice standard applies here because Appellee is a public figure and because the Complained of Statements are privileged as a matter of law. As discussed more fully in Appellant's Brief, Appellee, as the Superintendent of a school that received in its broadcast"); HBO. A Div. of Time Warner Entm't Co .. L.P. v. Huckabee, 995 S.W.2d 152, 161 (Tex. App.·· Hou. [14th Dist.] 1998} qfj'd sub 110111. Huckabee v. Time IVarner Entm't Co. L.P., 19 S.W.3d 413 (Tex. '.2000) ("[T]he editorial choice to exclude certain information ... is not specific, anirmative proof that shows appellant knew the publication was false or entertained serious doubts about its truthfulness. Appellant's decision to exclude certain information from the documentary is a protected exercise of editorial control and judgment, not evidence of actual malice."); Abdel-Hafi:: v. ABC, Inc., 240 S. W.3d 492, 520 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied). 6 ~ See, e.g.. Rogers v. Dallas Morning News. Inc., 889 S. W .2d 467 (Tex. App. - Dallas 1994, writ denied) (finding newspaper's inaccurate statement that a charity only spent I 0% of its donations on actual services, when, in fact, the charity spent 43% of its donations on services, was a minor error and did not affect the "gist" of the story, which was accurate}; Downer v. Amalgamated Meatcutters and Butcher Workmen of N. Am., 550 S.W.2d 744, 747 (Tex. Civ. App. - Dallas 1977, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (Affirming summary judgment where defendant published statement that said plaintiff embezzled $2,187.77 instead of$840.73); Fort Worth Press Co. v. Davis, 96 S.W.2d 416, 419 (Tex. Civ. App. - Fort Worth 1936, writ denied) (reversing trial court judgment and finding for media defendant where defendant incorrectly stated plaintiff wasted $80,000 in taxpayer funds rather than $17,575.00). 17 ' Herald-Post Publishing Co. v. Hill, 891 S. W .2d 638 (Tex. 1994) (Newspaper reported that witness at trial accused an attorney and his investigator of threatening her when in fact only the investigator made the threat. The court dismissed, as a matter of law, on substantial truth grounds); lvlcllvain v. Jacobs, 794 S.W.2d 14. 16 (Tex. 1990} (Despite the presence of several minor mischaracterizations, the court held as a matter of law the report was substantially true and affirmed summary judgment). 16  considerable state and federal funding, is a public figure. 68 Further, by speaking out concerning the school and its closing, Appellee "thrust herself to the forefront of [the] particular public controversy to influence the resolution of the issues involved in it," and, thus, became a limited purpose public figure." 9 But, even if she were not, Appellee would still be required to prove actual malice because the statements involve matters of public concern - specifically, the use of public funds and the education of the State's school children - and, as such, are privileged. 70 All of the Complained of Statements are protected by constitutional, statutory and common law privileges, including the fair report and fair comment privileges. To overcome these privileges and defeat Appellant's Anti-SLAPP motion, Appellee had the burden of establishing actual malice. Not only did Robinson fail to present any evidence of actual malice, KTRK actually disproved actual malice through its employees' affidavits establishing their belief in the truth of the statements at issue and the steps they took to formulate such a belief. 71 Texas courts have repeatedly permitted affidavits to establish a lack of actual malice in defamation cases. And the Texas Supreme Court ruled that "it would be a mistake" to refuse to rely on uncontroverted affidavits of reporters testifying to their own lack of actual malice. 72 KTRK repmier Cisneros stated in her affidavit that she conducted an investigation into Benji's financial troubles, including speaking with TEA representatives, who r.s See, e.g., Rosenblatt v. Baer, 383 U.S. 75, 85-86, 86 S. Ct. 669, 676 (1966). 9 <> See Gert='" Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323, 351-2, 94 S. Ct. 2997, 3013, 41 L. Ed. 789 ( 1974). 70 See Id.; see also, Huckabee v. Time Warner £111111 't Co., 19 S. W .3d 413 (Tex. 2000). 71 CR 2:217-219, 371-373, 433-435. See Harte-Hanks Co1111111111ications, Inc. v. Connaughton, 491 U.S. 657, 688, l 09 S. Ct. 2678, l 05 L.Ed.2d 562 (1989). 72 See Casso v. Bm11d, 776 S.W.2d 551, 558 (Tex. 1989). 17  informed her about the financial insolvency and mismanagement at Benji's, the numerous debts owed by Benji's, and Benji's failure to properly account for monies provided to it. 73 Cisneros' affidavit reflects that the rep01i was based on her research into Benji's and her conversations with TEA officials who told her about their mounting concerns over Benji's. Even if Cisneros could have chosen more precise words in explaining TEA's concerns, which is essentially what Robinson claims, poor word choice 74 or an error in judgment cannot demonstrate actual malice. 75 Nevertheless, Robinson, ignoring what KTRK actually stated, argues that she has demonstrated actual malice because "any reasonable person would entertain doubt that a public school could operate for an entire year and yet the entire annual funding for the school for that year, over $3 million, would be completely 'unaccounted for"' 76 and '[t]here is simply no way that anyone could conclude that a school had operated for a year without paying payroll or utilities or food services workers or the like." 77 KTRK never stated that the school was, or could have been, operating for entire year without paying for any services or that the State money was not used for the school. KTRK also never stated the entirety of the 2010 funding was unaccounted for, but rather Benji's was not able to properly account for all the money. Robinson simply relies on her own 73 CR 2:372. 74 Abdel-Ha.fl= v. ABC. Inc., 240 S.W.3d 492, 520 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied). 75 Id. at 519. 7 b Robinson's Brief, page 34. 77 · Id. at 35. 18  interpretation of the statements in asse1ting her claim - which is not evidence of the elements of her claim. 78 To prove actual malice, Robinson must demonstrate that KTRK knew that its choice of words could create a false impression 79 or that KTRK "purposefully published mistaken facts or that the circumstances were 'so improbable that only a reckless publisher would have made the mistake. "' 80 There is no such evidence in the Record. Appellee tries to assert recklessness by comparing KTRK 's broadcasts to other reports in the Houston area about Benji's closure. 8 ' But the other reports demonstrate that this was a matter of significant public concern in Houston and that KTRK did not "ma[k]e this up." 82 Appellee relies on Bentley v. Bunton, 83 but does not articulate how it supports her case. In Bentley, the defendant, a talk show host, repeatedly accused the plaintiff, a local judge, of being corrupt - actually using the word "corrupt" on many occasions - and did so despite expressing his own doubt to a friend and being told by others that they did not believe the accusation to be true. Due to the nature of the accused n See Brownlee v. Brow11lee, 665 S.W.2d 111 (Tex. 1984); Mcl11~vre i·. Ramire=, 109 S.W.3d 741 (Tex. 2003); see also, ABC. Inc. v. Shanks, I S.W.3d 230, 237 (Tex. App. - Corpus Christi 1999, pet. denied) (finding import of statements to be clear and unambiguous as to meaning under standard of how average person would read statements and rejecting Plaintiff's argument of innuendo); Simmons v. Ware, 920 S. W.2d 438, 451, (Tex. App. ····· Amarillo 1996, no writ) ("The test for actionable "innuendo" is not what construction a plaintiff might place upon the statements, but rather, how the statement would be construed by the average reasonable person or the general public"); Schauer v. Memorial Care ,~vstems, 856 S.W.2d 437, 448 (Tex. App. - Hou. [I Dist.] 1993, no writ) (rejecting plaintiff's argument that the statements - that the Plaintiff ;'was not enforcing the documentations of narcotics wastage" - were defamatory and finding that no reasonable person would find the Complained of Statements accused plaintiff of a crime). 79 Id. at 522; see also, Huckabee v. Time Warner Entm 't Co., 19 S. W.3d 413, 426 (Tex. 2000) (libel plaintiff nrnst show that publisher selected the material "'with the awareness that the omission could create a substantially false impression."'); New Times, Inc. v. Isaacks, 146 S.W.3d 144, 162 (Tex. 2004) (''When the words lend themselves to more than one interpretation, the plaintiff must establish either the defendant knew that the words would convey a defamatory message, or had reckless disregard for their effoct."). 80 Jd. (quoting Freedom Nell'spapers of Tex. v. Cantu, 168 S.W.3d 847, 855 (Tex. 2005)). 81 See Appellee's Brief: page 6, 7. 82 Id .. page 18. (The reports also support the proposition that Appellee is a public figure.) 83 94 S.W.3d 561 (Tex. 2002). 19  statements and the evidence that defendant lacked a good faith belief in the truth of the statements or, at least, had good reason to question them, the Bentley court found the plaintiff had established actual malice. 84 In contrast, KTRK never accused Robinson of being "corrupt" or of any other crime and KTRK has provided considerable evidence that its reporters had a good faith belief in the truth of the statements. D. Robinson did not establish the statements were of and concerning her "There must be evidence showing that the attack was read as specifically directed at the plaintiff." 85 However, Robinson did not and cannot establish that the statements were "of and concerning" her. 86 Citing to Rosenblatt and to Poe v. San Antonio Exp. News Corp./' and various website posts (only some of which actually mention Robinson), Robinson claims the "United States Supreme Court has already ruled the Complained of Statements in this action are capable of being libelous per se as to Robinson." 88 Robinson mischaracterizes both Rosenblatt and Poe in making such claims. In Rosenblatt, the Supreme Court found error in the trial judge's instruction to the jury that "an imputation of impropriety or a crime to one or some of a small group that cast suspicion upon all is actionable." The court also held that it was error for the trial judge to authorize the jury to award the plaintiff 9 a recovery without regard to evidence that the asserted implication of the column was made specifically of and concerning him, 84 Id. at 602. 85 Rosenblatt v. Baer, 383 U.S. 75. 81, 86 S. Ct. 669 ( 1966). 86 See Huckabee v. Time Wamer £111111 '1 Co., 19 S. W.3d 413, 429 (Tex. 2000); Newspapers. Inc. '" Matthews, 339 S. W .2d 890, 893 (Tex. 1960). 87 590 S.W.2d 537 (Tex. Civ. App. - San Antonio 1979, writ rerd n.r.e.). 88 See Appellee's Brief, page 29. Because Poe is a Texas case. Robinson presumably refers to Rosenblatt in making this assertion. 89 Plaintiff was a supervisor of a County Recreation Area and was considered a public figure. 20 the instruction was erroneous. 90 As in this case, there had been no explicit charge of embezzlement, and the Rosenblatt court found that without a finding of actual malice there could be no liability. 91 Poe is also distinguishable. In Poe, while the publication did not specifically refer to the plaintiff by name, it did provide significant description referring to "a middle aged male teacher" and a "mid-fortyish teacher" in discussing allegations of sexual impropriety made against him. 92 Here, the broadcasts refer to the academy or to Benji's in discussing the Complained of Statements; they never refer to any individual person - even by reference, description, or title - and only refer to the institution. 93 Additionally, although Plaintiff points to comments left on KTRK 's website in response to its stories as "proof' that the stories were "of and concerning" her, all of the comments she cites to were posted after KTRK's broadcast of September 25, 2010, in which Robinson's name was mentioned only in connection with the lease issue - a contention she does not (and cannot) dispute - and not in connection with the Complained of Statements. 94 90 Additionally, although Robinson states she is citing to Judge Harlan's concurrence in Rosenblatt, the portion referenced is actually the dissent. 91 Rosenblatt v. Baer, 383 U.S. at 88. 91 Poe, 590 S.W.2d 538. 93 Like Poe, the Complained of Statements in the other case cited to by Plaintiff, Cullum v. White, No. 2011 WL 6202800 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 20 IL n.w.h.), also more explicitly referred to the plaintiff and is distinguishable. In Cullum, while the Complained of Statements contained in emails did not specifically mention plaintiff by name, they referred to "Damon's mother" (where Damon was her son) and the Ranch owner and operator (which she was). In addition, a website that contained allegedly defamatory comments referred to a cosmetic connection and plaintiff was well known as a long time Mary Kay representative. Tlrns, in both instances, the statements referred to plaintiff by using her well known characteristics. In contrast, the Complained of Statements in question in this case never referred to Plaintiff by title, characteristic, or affiliation - instead simply referring to the school or Benji's (and not any identifiable individual such as the school's superintendent, founder, or leader). 94 Furthermore, while neither KTRK's September 15, 2010 broadcast, nor the comments posted in response thereto mention Robinson, the two other broadcasts/stories of that same day that she attached to her Petition (from the Houston Chronicle and My Fox Houston) do mention Robinson by name - as do the comments in response. ln 21  VI. THE ANTl-SLAPP STATUTE IS CONSTITUTIONAL On appeal, Robinson argues for the first time that the Texas Anti-SLAPP statute is unconstitutional. 95 However, it is a prerequisite to presenting a complaint on appeal that the complaint was made to the trial court in a timely manner, and that the trial court ruled on the request, or refused to do so. '!6 This is true even when the issue is a constitutional question. 97 Thus, because Robinson did not make this argument at the trial court level, she has waived it, and it cannot be considered now. Even if this Court were to find the constitutional issue has not been waived and reaches the merits of the question, a statute enacted by the Legislature is presumed to be constitutional and valid. 98 "[A] mere difference of opinion, where reasonable minds could differ, 1s not a sufficient basis for striking down legislation as arbitrary or unreasonable." 99 Robinson urges an open courts violation and cites Owens Corning v. Carter for the rule that "to establish an open courts violation in this context, plaintiffs must show that: (I) they have a well-recognized common-law cause of action that is being restricted; and (2) the restriction is unreasonable or arbitrary when balanced against the purpose and basis of the statute."'°0 Robinson's constitutional challenge fails on both fact, the Chronicle stated in its article that Robinson was paid $120,000 salary in 2009, refused to comment for the story, and kicked a reporter off campus stating "if you want to talk to my parents you have to talk to me first." This story receive the most comments - both in terms of numbers and vitriol. The Chronicle has not been sued by Robinson. 95 See. generally, Robinsons Response to Motion to Dismiss (absent any discussion of constitutionality). 96 See Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 33.l. 97 See Brewer v. Simental, 268 S.W.3d 763, 767 (Tex. App.-·- Waco 2008) ("Constitutional violations must be raised in the trial court to be preserved for appellate review."). ?K See Texas Pub. Bldg. Auth. v. Mattox. 686 S.W.2d 924, 927 (Tex. 1985) ("We begin our analysis of the issues presented in this case by presuming, as we must, the constitutionality of an act of the Legislature"). 99 Sax'" Votte/er, 648 S.W.2d 661, 664 (Tex. 1983). 1110 Owens Coming r. Carter, 997 S. W .2d 560, 573 (Tex. 1999). 22 prongs. First, there is no restriction on the cause of action of defamation under the Anti- SLAPP statute; there is only a restriction on groundless claims. If a plaintiff can establish prima facie evidence of each element of the claim, the case will not be dismissed. Courts throughout the state have interpreted the statute and have found a prima facie case was established in other cases, thus denying the relevant motions to dismiss. 101 Thus, the standard adopted by the Legislature is working. Second, every other state considering the constitutionality of similar Anti-SLAPP statutes has upheld their constitutionality. 102 California, the state upon which Texas' statute was patterned and a state that has had the benefit of 20 years of jurisprudence in this area, has repeatedly upheld the constitutionality of the law. 103 The Supreme Court of California, addressing this very concern, held that the Anti-SLAPP statute of that state "does not bar a plaintiff from litigating an action that arises out of the defendant's free speech or petitioning. It subjects to potential dismissal only those causes of action as to 101 See, e.g., Senator Jeff Wentworth v Elizabeth Ames Jones, Cause No. 20l2-Cl-08201 (73rd Dist. Ct., Bexar Co., Tex. filed May 17, 2012) (motion to dismiss denied); Wal/builder Presentations, Inc., et al. v. W.S. Smith, et af.. Cause No. CV-11-1349 (415th Dist. Ct., Parker Co., Tex., 2011, pet. filed) (motion to dismiss denied). 102 See, e.g., Equilon Enterprises v. Consumer Cause, Inc., 29 Cat. 4th 53, 63, 52 P.3d 685 (2002). See also, Guam Greyhound v. Brizill, No. CV A07-021, 2008 WL 4206682, (Guam Sept. 11, 2008) (rejecting argument that statute limited a right to bring a defamation claim); A11derso11 Dev 't Co. v. Tobias, 116 P.3d 323, 338 (Utah 2005) (bill of attainder); Sandholm v. Kuecker, 405 lll. App. 3d 835, 855, 942 N.E.2d 544 (2010) (finding that statute did not violate state constitution's guarantee to a remedy); Nexus v. Swift, 785 N.W.2d 771 (Minn. App. 2010) (addressing due process and right to jury trial): Reid v. Dalton, 100 P.3d 349, 356 (Wash. Ct. App. 2004) (rejecting argument that there is a constitutional right to file litigation that does not involve a bona fide grievance): Lee v. Penni11gton, 830 So.2d 1037 (La. App. 2002) (rejecting arguments that anti-SLAPP statute violated open access to courts, jury trial and due process); Day v. Farrefl, No. 97-2722, 2000 WL 33159180 (R.I. Sup. Ct. May 15, 2000) (rejecting constitutional challenge to anti-SLAPP law based on access and due process); Hometown Props.. Inc. v. Fleming, 680 A.2d 56 (R.l. 1996) (addressing numerous challenges, including separation of powers and right of access); Lafayette Morehouse. Inc. '" Chronicfe Pub/ 'g Co., 37 Cal. App. 4th 855 (Cal. App. 1995) (right of access). iu.i See. e.g., Equilo11 Ente1prises v. Consumer Cause. inc., 29 Cal. 4th 53, 63, 52 P.3d 685 (2002); La/aye/le Morehouse, Inc. v. Chronicle Pu bf 'g Co., 37 Cal. App. 4th 855 (Cal. App. 1995) (right of access). 23  merits." ~ 10 which the plaintiff is unable to show a probability of prevailing on the As for Robinson's proposal that the Legislature should have imposed a mens rea requirement on Anti-SLAPP movants, "[a] requirement that courts confronted with Anti- SLAPP motions inquire into the plaintiff's subjective intent would commit scarce judicial resources to an inquiry inimical to the legislative purpose that unjustified SLAPP's be terminated at an early stage. Imposing a requirement of establishing bad faith or ulterior motive adds a needless burden to SLAPP targets seeking relief."!05 In addition, Robinson's argument about the standard of proof required in an Anti- SLAPP motion, ignores that Texas already applies a higher standard of proof in defamation cases. At trial, Robinson would be required to prove by "clear and convincing evidence" that KTRK made "false and defamatory statements about [her] with actual malice."wr. Since the Anti-SLAPP statute's "clear and specific" evidentiary burden is lighter than defamation's "clear and convincing" standard, Robinson's fear of losing her defamation case at the Anti-SLAPP stage, when it is winnable at the trial stage, is unfounded. Thus, Appellee's last minute challenge to the constitutionality of the Texas Anti-SLAPP statute should be denied. vn. PRAYER Because Robinson failed to meet her burden of establishing by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each essential element of every one of her claims, this in~ Equilon Enterprises v. Consumer Cause, Inc., 29 Cal. 4th 53. 63, 52 P.3d 685 (2002). 10s Id. 106 Casso '" Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551, 554 (Tex. 1989) (holding that the clear and convincing standard applies when a public figure sues for defamation, whether the defendant is a media defendant or not). 24 Court should reverse the trial court's order denying KTRK 's Motion to Dismiss and render judgment that the case be dismissed. Respectfully submitted, HA YNES AND BOONE, LLP By: Isl Laura Lee Prather Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Laura.prather@haynesboone.com Catherine.robb@haynesboone.com 600 Congress A venue, Suite 1300 Austin, TX 7870 I Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Telecopier: (512) 867-84 70 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT KTRK TELEVISION, INC. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing document has been sent, as indicated below, on this 29th day of October, 2012, to the following counsel of record: Via Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested Berry Dunbar Bowen 3014 Brazos Street Houston, TX 77006 Counsel for Appellee Isl Laura Lee Prather A-269881 5 25  APPENDIX TAB V: Appellant's Response to Appellee 's Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction in No. 01-12-003 72-CV (WITHOUT EXHIBITS)  CAUSE NO. 01-12-00372-CV IN THE FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS KTRK TELEVISION, INC. Appellant, v. THEAOLA ROBINSON, Appellee. On Appeal from the 234 111 Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas, The Hon. Reece Rondon, Presiding APPELLANT'S RESPONSE TO APPELLEE'S MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF JURISDICTION Laura Lee Prather State Bar No. 16234200 Catherine Lewis Robb State Bar No. 24007924 Haynes and Boone, LLP 600 Congress Avenue, Suite 1300 Austin, TX 7870 I Telephone: (512) 867-8400 Telecopier: (512) 867-8470 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT KTRK TELEVISION, INC.  TABLE OF CONTENTS T. The Legislative Intent of Section 27.008 Demonstrates a Clear Desire to Allow lnterlocutory Appeals of All Rulings on Anti-SLAPP Motions to Dismiss ....................... I A. The Plain Meaning of the Statute is Clear ................................................................. 2 B. The Code Construction Act Mandates Jurisdiction ................................................... 5 C. Appellee's Interpretation Runs Afoul of the Purpose of the Anti-SLAPP Law ........ 8 D. Appellee's Construction Would Leave Portions of the Law Meaningless .............. 11 II. Appellee Misplaces Her Reliance on Other State's Laws ................................................ 12 Ilf. Appel lee Misplaces Her Reliance on Tex Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code§ 51.014 and Her Strict Construction Argument ........................................................................................... 14 IV. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 16 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ..................................................................................................... 18 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................... 19 ii  TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s) CASES All One God Faith, Inc. v. Hain Celestial Group, Inc., Cause No. C 09-03517 JF (HRL), 2009 WL 4907433 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 14, 2009) .............. 14, 6 Bailey v. Clark, 407 S.W.2d 520 (Tex. Civ. App. - Ft. Worth 1966, no writ) .................................................. 15 Batzel v. Smith, 333 F.3d I 018 (9th Cir. 2003) ........................................................................................... 13, 14 Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. v. Glyn-Jones, 878 S.W.2d 132 (Tex. 1994) ...................................................................................................... 8 Bruce C. Carter, et. al. v. NW Communications l~f Texas, Inc. et. al., Cause No. DC-12-02166 (160th Judicial District, Dallas Co., Tex. May 24, 2012) [Appendix J] ............................................................................................................................. l 0 Cameron v. Terrell & Garrell, Inc., 618 S. W.2d 535 (Tex. 1981 ) ...................................................................................................... 4 City qf LaPorte v. Bmjield, 898 S.W.2d 288 (Tex. 1995) .................................................................................................... 12 City ofSan Antonio v. City of Boerne, 111 S.W.3d 22 (Tex. 2003) .................................................................................................... 1, 4 Cont 'l Cas. Ins. Co. v. Functional Restoration Assocs., 19 S.W.3d 393 (Tex. 2000) ........................................................................................................ 4 Dwayne Viera and Kerwin Jordan v. Hearst Newspapers, et. al., Cause No. 2011-42884 (I 90th Dist. Ct., Harris County, Tex., Nov. 22, 2011) (2 CR 448) ................................................................................................................................ l 0 East Tex. Salt Water Disposal Co. v. Werline, 307 S.W.3d 267 (Tex. 2010) .................................................................................................... 16 Enochs v. Brmi·n, 872 S.W.2d 312 (Tex. App. - Austin 1994, no writ) ................................................................. 5 Entergy Gu((States, Inc. v. Summers, 282 S.W.3d 433 (Tex. 2009) .................................................................................................. 2, 4 iii  Fitzgerald v. Advanced Spine Fixation Sys., Inc., 996 S.W.2d 864 (Tex. 1999) .................................................................................................... 11 Grant v Wood, 916 S. W.2d 42 (Tex. App. - Hou. [I st Dist.] 1995, orig. proceeding) ....................................... 3 Herbert v. Lando, 441 lJ.S. 153 (1979) ................................................................................................................. 13 Hilton v. Hallmark Cards, 599 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2010) ................................................................................................... 13 In re D.B., 80 S. W.3d 698 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2002, no pet.) .................................................................. 15 In re Estate ofNash, 220 S.W. 3d 914 (Tex. 2007) ..................................................................................................... 2 In re NCAA Student-Athlete Name & Likeness Litig., Cause No. C 09-1967 CW, 2010 WL 5644656 (N.D. Cal. 2010) ........................................... 14 Jones v. Fowler, 969 S.W.2d 429 (Tex. 1992) ...................................................................................................... 2 Judy A. Jennings and Rebecca Bell-Metereau v. Wal/builder Presentations, Inc., et. al., 11 Cause No. 02-12-047-CV, Appellee's Brief(2 d Judicial District, Ft. Worth, April 26, 2012) ........................................................................................................................... 1 Klein v. Hernandez, 315 S.W.3d 1(Tex.2010) ........................................................................................................ 16 Marks v. St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, 319 S.W.3d 658 (Tex. 2010) .................................................................................................... 12 Nootsie, Ltd. v. Wilfiamson Co Appraisal Dist., 925 S.W.2d 659 (Tex. 1996) .................................................................................................... 16 Ortiz v. Flores, 2010 WL 4259360 (Tex. App - San Antonio 2010, no pet. )................................................... 15 Sipple v. Foundation for Nat'! Progress, 71 Cal. App. 4111 226 ( 1999) ..................................................................................................... 10 State v. Gonzalez, 82 S.W.3d 322 (Tex. 2002) ........................................................................................................ 1 State v. Shumake, 199 S.W.3d 279 (Tex. 2006) ...................................................................................................... 4 iv Stephen Simpton, et. al., v. High Plains Broadcasting, Inc., et. al., Cause No. 201 l-CI-13290 (285th Dist. Ct., Bexar Co., Tex., March 23, 2012) [Appendix I] ............................................................................................................................. I 0 Surgitek v. Able, 997 S.W.2d 598 (Tex. 1999) .................................................................................................... 16 Texas A&M University System v. Koseoglu, 233, S. W .3d 835, 843 (Tex. 2007) ........................................................................................... 16 Texas Workers' Compensation Insurance Fund v. Del Industrial, Inc., 35 S.W.3d 591 (Tex. 2000) .................................................................................................... 2, 4 The Garment Workers Center v. Superior Court, 117 Cal. App. 4th 1156 (2004) ................................................................................................. 10 Traxler v. Entergy Gulf States, Inc., _ S.W.3d _ , 2012 WL 753682, 55 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 431 (Tex. March 9, 2012) [Appendix D] ................................................................................................................... 2, 3, 11 Wholesale TV and Radio Advertising, LLC v. Better Business Bureau of Metropolitan Dallas, Inc., Cause No. CC-11-08382-A, 14th Dist. Ct., Dallas Co., Tex., Sept. 6, 2011) (2 CR 446-447) ................................................................................................. 10 Yolanda Flores v. Houston Community College System, et. al., Cause No. 2011-49084 (51 st Dist., Harris Co., Tex., Nov. 11, 2011 ), (CR 4:956-957) ........................................................................................................................ 10 STATUTES Mo. Rev. Stat. §537.528(3) (Supp. 2006) [Appendix E] ........................................................... 3, 13 N.M. Stat. Ann 38.2-9.1-9.2 (2011) [Appendix F] .................................................................... 3, 13 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Ren1. Code, §15.003(b) ..................................................................................... 14 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rein. Code, § 15.0642 ....................................................................................... 15 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rein. Code, Ch. 27 .......................................................................................... 2, 7 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.002 ............................................................................................ 9 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.007 ...................................................................................... 5, 11 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.008 ...................................................................... 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 16 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Ren1. Code, §27.008(a) ....................................................................................... 3 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.008(b) ........................................................................ 1, 3, 12, 15 v Tex. Civ. Prac. & Renl. Code §27.008(c) .................................................................................. I 5, 5 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rein. Code §27.01 l(b) .................................................................................. 12, 9 Tex Civ. Prac. & Retn. Code §51.014 ........................................................................................... 14 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, §51.014(a)(6) ................................................................................ l4 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rein. Code, §171.098 ....................................................................................... 14 Texas Family Code, §§56.0l(c) and 56.03(b) ............................................................................... 15 Tex. Gov't Code, Ch. 311, §311.01 l(a) ...................................................................................... 4, 5 Tex. Gov't Code §311.021 (2) .......................................................................................................... 2 Tex. Gov't Code §312.005 ....................................................................................................... I, 6, 8 Tex. Govt. Code § 1205.068 ........................................................................................................... 15 Tex. Health & Safety Code, §574.070(a) ...................................................................................... 15 Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. art. 4447cc, §7(e) ........................................................................................... 15 Wash. Rev. Code 4:24.525(2011) [Appendix G] ..................................................................... 3, 13 OTHER AUTHORITIES Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 26.l (b ) ................................................................................... 14 Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 76a(a) ............................................................................................ l 5 Michol O'Connor, O'Connor's Texas Rules: Civil Trial, Ch. 3, §9 (2012) ................................... 7 Jerry D. Bullard, "Peering Over the 82 11 d Lege: An Update of Bills that Passed and Those That Didn't (But You Ought to Know About Anyway)," 21 51 Annual Conference on State and Federal Appeals, the University of Texas School of Law, p. 6 [Appendix HJ .......... 8 vi  APPELLANT'S RESPONSE TO APPELLEE'S 1 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF JURISDICTION 2 ln her Motion to Dismiss , Appellee attempts to turn Texas Supreme Court precedent on its head by advocating ignoring the plain meaning and legislative intent of Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.008 in an effort to persuade this Court it lacks jurisdiction over Appellant's appeal of the trial court's denial of its Motion to Dismiss. Appellee contends that this Court has no jurisdiction over a signed Order Denying Appellant's Motion to Dismiss - while acknowledging that if the Motion had been denied by operation of law or had been granted, there would be jurisdiction. To come to this conclusion, one must ignore both the express language in the statute and the legislative intent. 3 The right to an interlocutory and expedited appeal of a ruling on an Anti-SLAPP motion to dismiss is specifically authorized by Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27 .008(b ). I. The Legislative Intent of Section 27.008 Demonstrates a Clear Desire to Allow Interlocutory Appeals of All Rulings on Anti-SLAPP Motions In construing a statute, the Court's objective is to determine and give effect to the Legislative intent. City of San Antonio v. City ofBoeme, 111 S.W.3d 22, 25 (Tex. 2003); Stale v. Gonzalez, 82 S.W.3d 322, 327 (Tex. 2002); see also, Tex. Gov't Code §312.005; American Home Products Corp. v. Clark, 38 S.W.3d 92, 95 (Tex. 2000). In doing so, the Court looks first to the "plain and common meaning of the statute's words." Gonzalez, 82 S.W.3d at 327. If a statute's meaning is unambiguous, the Court interprets the statute according to the plain meaning. Id. Next, the Court determines the legislative intent and, in doing so, looks at the 1 To the extent this Court determines there is no jurisdiction, Appellant would request this matter be converted to a mandamus proceeding. See In re J.P.L., 359 S. W .3d 695 (Tex. App. -·· San Antonio 2011, pet. filed). 2 Appellee's arguments appear to be taken almost verbatim (all but two paragraphs) from the arguments made by the Appellee in the pending case of Judy A. Jennings and Rebecca Be/l-Metereau v. Wal/builder Presentations, Inc .. et. al., Cause No. 02-12-04 7-CV, before the 2"" Judicial District Court of Appeals in Ft. Worth. 3 See Appendix A, B and C; see also, CR 424-432, 436-44. 267533_3.doc  entire act and not just isolated provisions. Jones v. Fowler, 969 S.W.2d 429, 432 (Tex. 1992). Finally, the Court presumes the Legislature intended the entire statute to be effective. See Tex. Gov't Code §311.021(2). To give full effect to Chapter 27 of the Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, this Court must acknowledge the right to appeal any order on a motion to dismiss brought under Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, Ch. 27 (the "Anti-SLAPP statute"). A. The Plain Meaning of the Statute is Clear According to Texas Supreme Court precedent, courts are to look at the plain meaning of a statute as the best evidence of legislative intent. Traxler v. Entergy Gu(f States, lnc., _ S. W.3d _ , 2012 WL 753682, 55 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 431 (Tex. March 9, 2012) 4 (When engaging in statutory construction, the Court's primary objective is to determine the Legislature's intent which, when possible, the Court discerns from the plain meaning of the words chosen.). In fact, the cardinal rule of statutory construction is that each word is presumed to have been used for a purpose. Texas Workers' Compensation Insurance Fund v. Del Industrial, Inc., 35 S. W.3d 591, 594 (Tex. 2000). "Where the text is clear, text is determinative of that intent." Entergy Gu(f' States, Inc. v. Summers, 282 S.W.3d 433, 437 (Tex. 2009). Therefore, "the words [the Legislature] chooses should be the surest guide to legislative intent." Id., citing Fitzgerald v. Advanced Spine Fixation Sys., Inc., 996 S.W.2d 864, 866 (Tex. 1999). "lf a statute is clear and unambiguous, we apply its words according to their common meaning without resort to rules of construction or extrinsic aids." ln re Estate of Nash, 220 S. W. 3d 914, 917 (Tex. 2007). Here the words of the statute are clear and unambiguous. Section 27.008 provides for the appeal of rulings on anti-SLAPP motions, articulating the deadline for filing said appeals and mandating the expedited treatment of the appeals by the appellate court. Because all forms of rulings on motions to dismiss can be appealed, Section 27.008 deals first, in section (a), with 4 A true and correct copy is attached hereto as Appendix D. 2 situations where a trial judge refuses to rnle. Section 27.008(a) addresses the circumstance when a trial court does not rule in a timely manner on a Motion to Dismiss, and it provides that, in those circumstances, the motion is considered denied by operation of law. Tt also specifies that a motion that is denied by operation of law may be appealed. This is to avoid a situation such as this Court faced in Grant v Wood, 916 S.W.2d 42 (Tex. App. - Hou. [1st Dist.] 1995, orig. proceeding), in which the trial judge refused to rule on a summary judgment thereby causing the right to an interlocutory appeal to effectively be held in abeyance by her inaction. Then, Section 27.008(b) deals with the expediting of all appeals under the statute. It addresses the fact that all appeals under the new statute - whether they are appeals from denial by operation of law or appeals from a trial court's order 011 a Motion to Dismiss 5 (meaning whether the court grants or denies the motion) are to be conducted on an expedited basis. The statute means exactly what it says. See In re Canales, 52 S.W.3d 698,704 (Tex. 2001 ). It is hard to interpret the word "on" to mean anything but a ruling either way. See Traxler v. Entergy Gu(f States, Inc., 55 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 431, 2012 WL 753682, *4, fn. 25 (string cite omitted)( courts rely on the common meaning of the words chosen by the Legislature, "a preference we have described as cardinal law.") Appellee's hype1iechnical and disjointed analysis gives no meaning to the words "order on a motion to dismiss." This is counter to the fundamentals of statutory construction. If Appellee's interpretation of Section 27.008 were to prevail, it would essentially strike the language below from the statute and insert the new language in brackets that the Legislature never wrote into the law: (a) If a court does not rule on a motion to dismiss under Section 27.003 in the time prescribed by Section 27.005, the 5 Texas is not unique in its choice of language. The Missouri, New Mexico and Washington state anti-SLAPP statutes use the same verbiage indicating the right to appeal all rulings 011 motions to dismiss. See Mo. Rev. Stat. §537.528(3) (Supp. 2006); N.M. Stat. Ann 38.2-9.1-9.2 (2011); Wash. Rev. Code 4:24.525 (2011). A true and correct copy of each of these statutes is attached hereto as Appendix E, F and G. 3  motion is considered to have been denied by operation of law and the moving party may appeal. (b) An appellate court shall expedite an appeal or other writ, whethel' intel'l0eutal'y 01' net, from a trial court order 6ff- [granting] a motion to dismiss a legal action under Section 27.003 or from a trial cou1i's failure to rule on that motion in the time prescribed by Section 27.005. (c) An appeal or other writ under this section must be filed on or before the 60th day after the trial court's order is signed [granting a motion to dismiss] or the time prescribed by Section 27.005 expires, as applicable. A complete re-writing of the statute by the Court, such as Appellee is advocating, would defeat every rule of statutory construction ever mandated by the courts 6 . According to the Texas Supreme Court, [i]t is a rule of statutory construction that every word of a statute must be presumed to have been used for a purpose. Likewise, we believe every word excluded from a statute must also be presumed to have been excluded for a purpose. Only when it is necessary to give effect to the clear legislative intent can we insert additional words or requirements into a statutory provisions. Cameron v. Terrell & Garrett, Inc., 618 S. W.2d 535, 540 (Tex. 1981 ). When possible to do so, effect must be given to every sentence, clause and word of a statute so that no part thereof is rendered superfluous or inoperative. City of San Antonio v. City of Boerne, 111 S.W.3d 22, 29 (Tex. 2003 ), citing Spence v. Fenchler, 107 Tex. 443, 180 S. W. 597, 60 I (1915 ); see also, Cont 'l Cas. Ins. Co. v. Functional Restoration Assocs., 19 S.W.3d 393, 402 (Tex. 2000). In this 6 When called on to interpret a statute, courts should ascertain and give effect to the Legislature's intent as expressed by the language of the statute. E11tergy Gulf States, inc. v. Summers, 282 S.W.3d 433, 437 (Tex. 2009): State v. Shumake, 199 S. W.3d 279, 284 (Tex. 2006) C'When possible we discern [legislative intent] from the plain meaning of the words chosen."). Words and phrases are read in context and construed according to the rules of grammar and common usage. Tex. Gov't Code §311.01 l(a)(West 2005). "[E]very word in a statute is presumed to have been used for a purpose, and a cardinal rule of statutory construction is that each sentence, clause and word is to be given effect if reasonable and possible.'' Tex. Workers· Comp. Ins. Fund v. Del Indus., Inc .. 35 S.W.3d 591, 593 (Tex. 2000) (citing Perkins v. State, 367 S.W.2d 140, 146 (Tex. 1963). 4  instance, it is not necessary to butcher the statute, as suggested by the Appellee, when the plain meaning as written in clear. B. The Code Construction Act Mandates Jurisdiction Pursuant to the Code Construction Act, words and phrases shall be read in context and 7 construed according to the rules of grammar and common usage. Courts are also to presume that the Legislature intended just and reasonable results in enacting the statute. Enochs v. Brown, 872 S. W .2d 312 (Tex. App. - Austin 1994, no writ). Herein, the only just and reasonable result would be providing an appellate right to all litigants who are the subject of rulings on Anti- SLAPP motions to dismiss. The statements contained in concurrent legislative analysis, the explanation of lawmakers involved in the drafting and negotiations of the bill and the commentary of legal analysts interpreting the bill after it became law, all come to the same conclusion. The only aberrant voice is that of a self-interested litigant who would rather not go through the interlocutory appeal process. According to the statute's plain language and the House Research Organization's Bill 8 Analysis (http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/B i llLookup/Text.aspx?LegSess=82R&B ii l=HB2973 ) , the bill provides for an expedited appeal of the motion to dismiss from any form of a ruling. Pursuant to Section 27.008(c), an appeal would have to be filed within 60 days "afier the date the trial court order is signed or the time prescribed by Section 27.005 (requiring the trial court to rule within 30 days) expires. " 9 It does not say "after the order is granted," it says "after the order is signed" - meaning the court could sign it and choose to either grant or deny it. 7 See Tex. Gov't Code, Ch. 311, §311.011 (a). 8 Attached hereto as Appendix A. for the Court's convenience. See ''Compiling Texas Legislative History." Legislative Reference Library, Part Vlll listing House Research Organization reports as helpful in identifying legislative intent. 9 The reason for the 60 day deadline to appeal is because of the provision in which the parties are given the opportunity to request Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law under Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §27.007 and the deadlines that ensue from such a request. 5 Subsection (a) simply clarifies that even those orders that are not signed can be appealed, and section (a) works in tandem with section (b) providing that all appeals under the statute are to be expedited. In interpreting a statute, a court is required to diligently attempt to ascertain the legislative intent. Tex. Gov't Code §312.005. The affidavits of the co-sponsor and lead negotiator of HB 2973 (the anti-SLAPP bill) make it clear the Legislature intended there to be an immediate appeal right from all forms of orders on anti-SLAPP motions to dismiss. In fact, the affidavits of Senator Rodney Ellis and former Senator Don Adams explain exactly how the language in Section 27.008 came to be. See Appendix B and C. Paragraph 4 of Senator Ellis' (co-sponsor of HB 2973) affidavit explains how this portion of the bill was drafted: 4. "Given the desire for an expedited resolution, this law was also meant to provide for a right to immediate and expedited appeal by both the movant and the respondent. Pre-filing drafts of the legislation included only the right to appeal by the movant and provided no means of resolution ifthe court did not rule within the thirty day deadline prescribed in Section 27.005(a). I believed that there should be the right to appeal by everyone - no matter if the motion was denied by the court or granted by the court, and I believed there needed to be a mechanism by which there would be a resolution to the motion even if the court did not rule so that the case could continue to be resolved in an expeditious fashion. Both issues were addressed and remedied by the language in Section 27.008 which, in section 27.008(a) outlines the mechanism for a motion being denied by operation of law if not ruled on by the court within 30 days, and which, in section 27.008(b) was changed from providing for an expedited appeal only of orders on the denial of a motion to appeals of any orders on a motion to dismiss, as well as those orders that were denied by operation of law. The intent was to provide the broadest right to appeal in an expedited fashion. The modified version of the bill is what was introduced when the bill was filed." See Appendix B, ~ 4. Similarly, former Senator Don Adams' (lead negotiator of HB 2973) explains in his affidavit how the appeals provisions were drafted. 6  5. "Given the desire for an expedited resolution, this law was also meant to provide for a right to immediate and expedited appeal by both the movant and the respondent. Pre-filing drafts of the legislation included only the right to appeal by the movant and provided no means of resolution if the court did not rule within the thirty day deadline prescribed in Section 27.005(a). Jn discussing the draft of the bill with Vice Chairman of the House Civil Jurisprudence and Judiciary Committee (and former trial court judge) Tryon Lewis, he expressed concern that there should be the right to appeal by everyone - no matter if the motion was denied by the court or granted by the court. He also expressed concern that there needed to be a mechanism by which there would be a resolution to the motion even if the couti did not rule so that the case could continue to be resolved in an expeditious fashion. 6. "Both of Vice Chairman Lewis' concerns were addressed and remedied by the language in Section 27.008 which, in section 27.008(a) outlines the mechanism for a motion being denied by operation of law if not ruled on by the court within 30 days, and which, in section 27.008(b) was changed from providing for an expedited appeal only of orders on the denial of a motion to appeals of any 'orders on' a motion to dismiss, as well as those orders that were denied by operation of law. The intent was to provide the broadest right to appeal in an expedited fashion. The modified version of the bill was approved by Vice Chairman Lewis as appropriately addressing his concerns and is what was introduced when the bill was filed." See Appendix C, iiir ° Furthermore, after the fact commentators and legal authorities 5 and 6. 1 have come to the same logical and rational conclusion in interpreting the right of appeal under §27.008. See O'Connor's Texas Rules, Ch. 3, Motion to Dismiss - Anti-SLAPP Motion, Section 9 Appellate Review: §9.1. Deadline - An appeal or other writ must be filed within 60 days after the court signs its order or, if the comi does not rule, within 90 days after the date of the hearing. CPRC §§27.005, 27.008(c). §9.2 Expedited - An appeal or other writ, whether interlocutory or not, must be expedited by the appellate court. CPRC §27.008(b). The appeal In~~ 14-16, Appellee opines about the Legislative rationale behind Ch. 27 and attempts to theorize about the 0 ' Legislature and what it was thinking when it passed the law at issue. The affidavits of Senator Rodney Ellis (a sponsor of the bill at issue) and former Senator Don Adams (lead negotiator of the bill at issue) should clarify exactly what the Legislature was thinking, how the language at issue in §27.008, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code, came to be and should cease the need for private litigants like Appellee to offer unsupported hypotheses to this Court with no basis for doing so. 7  or writ is expedited whether the trial court issues an order on a motion to dismiss or the motion is denied by operation of law. Id.; see also, Jerry D. Bullard, "Peering Over the 82 11d Lege: An Update of Bills that Passed and Those That Didn't (But You Ought to Know About Anyway)," 21st Annual Conference on State and Federal Appeals, the University of Texas School of Law, p. 6 ("The trial court's decision on the motion to dismiss ... is reviewable by appeal on an expedited basis.") 11 Appellee's proposed interpretation of the statute not only ignores the plain meaning of the word "on," but also advocates a strained, hyper-technical reading of the statute ignoring the context and purpose of the entire statutory scheme. See Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. v. G(vn-Jones, 878 S. W.2d 132, 133 (Tex. 1994) (when construing a statute, courts do not view disputed portions in isolation.). The labyrinthine interpretation advocated by Appellee that would only give rise to an appeal for grants of motions to dismiss or denials by operation of law would, among other things, require this Court to ignore the plain meaning of the terms "trial court order on a motion to dismiss" and "after the trial court order is signed." It would also, without explanation, deprive one entire segment of litigants involved in anti-SLAPP cases - those whose motions are denied by the Court signing an order - the right to an appeal but maintain the right for litigants whose motions have been denied by operation of law. This interpretation is both counter- intuitive and also contrary to the plain meaning and legislative intent of the statute. C. Appellee's Interpretation Runs Afoul of the Purpose of the Anti-SLAPP Law The Code Construction Act mandates that a court "diligently attempt to ascertain legislative intent" when interpreting a statute. See Tex. Gov't Code, §312.005. If attempting to construe the language of the statute does not lead to a clear understanding (which Appellant 11 A copy of which is attached as Appendix H. 8 argues it does), the Court may consider the purpose of the statute. Texas Civil Practices & Remedies Code §27 .002 states the express purpose of the statute: The purpose of this chapter is to encourage and safeguard the constitutional rights of persons to petition, speak freely, associate freely, and otherwise participate in government to the maximum extent permitted by law and, at the same time, protect the rights of a person to file meritorious lawsuits for demonstrable injury. Section 27.011 (b) confirms that the chapter should be construed liberally to effectuate this purpose and intent fully. In addition, the affidavits of Senator Ellis and former Senator Adams also explain the purpose of the bill they shepherded through the legislative process: The purpose of HB 2973 was to protect the rights of individuals who are the victims of frivolous lawsuits for exercising their First Amendment rights. The legislation was designed to protect speakers from the burdens of trial itself (including discovery) rather than merely from ultimate judgments of liability. In particular, this law was designed to protect journalists, whistleblowers, and others from abusive litigation filed against them by those who disagree with or otherwise do not like the content of their speech. One of the key issues in this legislation is for meritless cases to be resolved in an expeditious fashion without the expense of needless discovery. See Appendix B, il 3 and C, il 4. The legislative history contained in the record, including the committee hearing before the House Judiciary and Civil Jurisprudence committee, establishes the overarching concern and importance in anti-SLAPP cases of curtailing costly legal battles and discovery before there is a ruling on whether a plaintiff's claims have merit. See CR 2:424-432, 436-445, 4:787- 789; see also, Appendix A. In fact, the lynch pin for anti-SLAPP legislation is the ability for the court to make a determination and the litigants to get a resolution of whether the case has merit prior to costly discovery being undertaken. The 28 states, District of Columbia, and territory of Guam, all of whom have recognized the need to pass anti-SLAPP legislation, have recognized the need for a mechanism for early disposition of cases involving free speech rights, prior to lengthy and costly 9 discovery, when there is no valid basis for the claim going fonvard. The Texas Jaw was patterned, in large part, after the California anti-SLAPP statute - a jurisdiction in which the law has more than twenty years of judicial interpretation. In California, similar to Texas, discovery is stayed during the pendency of the anti-SLAPP proceedings and either pa1ty is entitled to immediately appeal the cou1t's decision on the anti-SLAPP motion. Courts there explain that allowing discovery during the anti-SLAPP proceedings, absent a clear showing of good cause "would subvert the intent of the anti-SLAPP legislation." Sipple v. Foundation for Nat 'l Progress, 71 Cal. App. 4th 226, 24 7 ( 1999). If the issues raised in an anti-SLAPP motion can be resolved without discovery "the court should consider resolving those issues before permitting what may otherwise turn out to be unnecessary, expensive and burdensome discovery 111 proceedings." The Garment Workers Center v. Superior Court, 117 Cal. App. 4 1156, 1162 (2004 ). fn Texas, there have already been multiple anti-SLAPP motions granted prior to . d1scovery ta I. S the legal action. 3 (b) A motion to dismiss a legal action under this section 4 must be filed not later than the 60th day after the date of service 5 of the legal act.ion. The court may extend the time to file a mot ion 6 under this El.ection on a showing of good cause. 7 (c) Except as provided by Section 27.006(b), on the filing B of a motion under this section, all discover¥ in the legal action is 9 suspended until the court has ruled on the motion to dismi'ss. 10 Sec~ 27.004, HEARING. A hearing on a motion under Section 11 27.003 must be set not later than the 30th day after the date of 12 serVice of th~ motion unless the docket conditions of the court 13 reguire a later hearing. 14 Sec. 27.005. RULING. (a! The court must rule on a motion 15 under Section·27.003 not later than the 30th day following the date 16 of the hearing on the motion, 17 (b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), on the motion of a 18 party under Section 27,003, a court shall dismiss a legal action 19 against the moving party if the moving party shows by a 20 preponderance of the evidence that the legal action ls based on, 21 relates to, or is in response to the party's exercise of: 22 ( l) the right of free speech 1 23 ( 2') the r iqht to petition 1 or 24 ( 3) the right of association. 2!:1 (c) The court may not dismiss a legal action under this 26 section if the party bringing the legal action establishes by clear 27 and specific evidence a prima.facie case for each essential element 5  H.B. No. 2973 l of the claim in question. 2 Sec. 27.006, EVlDENCE. (a) In determining whether a legal 3 action should be dismissed under this chapter, the court shall 4 consider the pleadl.ngs and supporting and opposing affidavits 5 (b) . stating the facts on which the liabilit:y or defense is based • On a motion by a party or on the court's own motion and 7 on a showing of good cause, the court may allow specified and B limited discove.ry .re leyant to the motion. 9 Sec. 27.007. ADDITIONAL FINDINGS. (a) At the ·request of a 10 party making a motion under section 27.003, the court shall issue ll findings regarding whether the legal action was brought to deter or 12 prevent the moving party from exercising constitutional rights and 13 is brought for an improper purpose,. including to harass or to cause 14 unnecessary delay or to increase the cost of litigation. 15 (b) The court must issue findings under Subsection (a) not 16 later than the 30th day after the date a request under that 17 subsectionismade, 18 Sec. 27,008. APPEAL. (a) If a court does not rule on a 19 motion to dismiss under Section 27.003 in the time prescribed bY 20 Section 27.005, the motion is considered to have been denied by 21 operation of law and the moving party may appeal. 22 !b) An appellate court shall expedite an appeal or other 23 writ, whether interlocutory or not, from a trial court order on a 24 motion to dismiss a legal action undet Section 27.003 or. from a 25 trial court's failure to rule on that motion in the time pzescribed 26 bySection27.00S. 27 (c) An appeal or other writ under 'this section must be filed  H.B. No. 2973 l on or before the 60th day after the date the trial court's order is 2 signed or the time prescribed by Section 27 .005 expires, as 3 applicable. 4 Sec. 27.009. DAMAGES ANO COSTS. (a) If the court orders 5 ·dismissal of a legal action under this chapter, the court shall 6 award to the moving party: 7 (1) court costs, reas?nable attorney's fees, and other 8 expenses incurred in defending against the legal action as iustice 9 and equity may require 1 and lO (2) Ranctjons against the party who brought the legal 11 action as the court determines sufficient to deter the pa:rty who 12 brought the legal action from bringing similar actions described in 13 this chapter. 14 (bl If the court finds that a motion to dismiss filed under 15 this chapter is frivolous or solely intended to delay, the court may 16 award court costs and reasonable attorney's fees to the responding 17 E.!llL.. 18 sec. 27.010, EXEMPTIONS, (a) This chapter does not apply 19 to an enforceme'nt action that is brought in the name of this state 20 or a political subdivision of this i;;tate by the attorney general, a 21 district attorney, a criminal district attorney, or a county 22 attorney. 23 (bl This chapter does not apply to a legal action brought 24 against a person primarily engaged in the business of selling or 25 leasing goods or services, if the statement or conduct arises out of 26 the sale or lease of goods, sexvices, ox an insurance product or a 27 commercial transaction in which the intended audience is an actual 7  H.B. No. 2973 l or potential buyer or customer, 2 (c) This chapter does not apply to a legal action seeking 3 recovery for bodily injury, wrongful death, or survival or to· 4 statements made r eqarding that legal act ion. 5 Sec, 27.011, CONSTRUCTION. (a) This chapter does not 6 abrogate or leasen any other defense, .remedy, immunity, or 7 privilege available under other constitutional, statutory, case, 8 or common law or rule provisions. 9 (b) This chapter shall be construed liberally to effectuate 10 its purpose and intent fully. ll SECTION J. The change in law made by this Act applies only 12 to a legal action filed on or after the effective date of this Act, 13 A legal action filed before the effective date of this Act is 14 governed by the law in effect immediately before that dat:e, and that 15 law is continued in effect fot that purpose. 16 SECTION 4. This Act takes effect illlJ'l\ediately if it receives 17 a vote of two-thirds o! all the members elected to each house, as 18 provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas constitution. I! this 19 Act does not receive the vote necessaxy for inunediate effect, this 20 Act takes effect Septembel' 1, 2011. 8  H.B. No. 2973 President of the Senate I ce:rtify that H.B. No. 2973 was passed by the House on May 4, 2011, by the following vote: Yeas 142, Nays O, 2 present, not voting; and that the House concurred in Senate amendments to H.B. No. 2973 on Hay 21, 2011, by the following vote: Yeas 141, Nays o, 2 present, not voting. I certify that H.B. No. 2973 was passed by the Senate, with amendments, on May 18, 2011, by the following ~ote1 Yeas 31, Nays o. .. ' APPROVED1 17JvtJ 'I/ Date FILED IN THE OFFICE. OF THE SEVIJ~~OF STATE _.;..'::f.:.u'/U.(uut~---O'CLOCK d:jN';J;I~ ~cntMYDfstita 9