STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
In re: Estate of Alex Kovarbasich November 10, 2016
RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
No. 15-1032 (Harrison County 15-P-46-1)
OF WEST VIRGINIA
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioners Michael D. Michael, as administrator of the Estate of Jack D. Michael, and
Judith A. Kuhn, as administratrix for the Estate of Paul F. Henderson (“petitioners”), by counsel
Timothy C. Bailey, Scott S. Segal, Steven L. Shaffer, and Mark A. Barney, appeal the order of
the Circuit Court of Harrison County, entered on September 21, 2015, that reversed two orders of
the Harrison County Commission—one appointing the Sheriff of Harrison County as
administrator of the Estate of Alex Kovarbasich, and one denying the petition to revoke the
appointment of the sheriff—and ordered the Estate of Alex Kovarbasich closed. Respondent
Consolidation Coal Company (“Respondent Consolidation Coal”), by counsel William E.
Robinson, Joshua S. Rogers, and Jacob R. Shaffer, and Respondent Albert F. Marano, Sheriff of
Kanawha County (“Respondent Sheriff”), by counsel Peter G. Zurbuch and Jeffrey S. Zurbuch,
filed responses in support of the circuit court order. Amicus curiae Defense Trial Counsel of
West Virginia, by counsel Mychal S. Schulz, Todd A. Mount, and Robert L. Hogan, and amicus
curiae West Virginia Sheriffs’ Association, by counsel John R. Teare, Jr., also have filed briefs
in support of the circuit court order.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs, amicus briefs, and the record on appeal. The
facts and legal arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be
significantly aided by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs,
and the record presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error.
For these reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the order of the circuit court is appropriate
under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Alex Kovarbasich died, testate, in 1992. His will was admitted to probate and his estate
(“the estate”) was administered by the executrix, Mr. Kovarbasich’s widow Genevieve. Mrs.
Kovarbasich advanced approximately $7000 to the estate to cover funeral and related expenses,
and the estate distributed $1000 each to Mr. Kovarbasich’s beneficiaries, his two daughters. The
estate’s final settlement report was filed in 1994.
In October of 2014, petitioners filed a petition representing to the Harrison County
Commission “[t]hat more than two months have elapsed since the date of Alex Kovarbasich[’s]
death . . . [and t]hat no one has come forth to be appointed as [a]dministrator of the Alex
Kovarbasich Estate[,]” prompting the commission to appoint the county sheriff as administrator
pursuant to West Virginia Code § 44-1-11.1 The estate was thus ostensibly reopened. Respondent
1
West Virginia Code § 44-1-11 provides:
1
Consolidation Coal subsequently filed a petition, supported by affidavits, with the county
commission asking that the commission revoke the appointment of the sheriff as administrator
and close the estate. The county commission denied the petition for revocation on the grounds
that respondent had no standing in the matter, and that petitioners had asserted fraud. Respondent
appealed that denial to the circuit court, and beneficiaries of the estate filed a special appearance
in support of respondent’s position. Respondent Sheriff of Harrison County joined in
respondent’s appeal.
Well before his demise, Mr. Kovarbasich was the chief electrician at Consol. No. 9 Mine,
the employer of seventy-eight miners killed by an explosion in 1968. Petitioners assert that Mr.
Kovarbasich rendered an alarm system inoperable prior to the 1968 explosion, thus contributing
to the disaster, and that this fact was not discovered—owing in part to Mr. Kovarbasich’s failure
to volunteer information about his role—until June of 2014. In November of 2014, the month
following the filing of their petition with the county commission, petitioners filed an action in the
Circuit Court of Marion County, naming Respondent Consolidation Coal Company and Mr.
Kovarbasich’s estate as co-defendants in a wrongful death suit related to the 1968 explosion.
Respondent Consolidation Coal removed the action to the United States District Court for the
Northern District of West Virginia on diversity grounds, alleging fraudulent joinder of the estate.
Petitioners (as plaintiffs in that action) filed a motion to remand. The district court held that
motion in abeyance pending the circuit court’s decision on respondent’s appeal concerning the
reopening of the estate. The circuit court reversed the relevant orders of the county commission,
effectively closing the estate, and this appeal followed.
On appeal, petitioner asserts three assignments of error: that the circuit court erred in
finding that West Virginia Code § 44-1-11 prohibits the appointment of the sheriff “where fraud
If at any time two months elapse without there being an executor or
administrator of the estate of a decedent (except during a contest about the
decedent’s will, or during the infancy or absence of the executor), the court or
clerk before whom the will was admitted to probate, or having jurisdiction to
grant administration, shall on motion of any person order the sheriff of the county
to take into his or her possession the estate of such decedent and administer the
same; whereupon such sheriff, without taking any other oath of office, or giving
any other bond or security than he or she may have before taken or given, shall be
the administrator or administrator de bonis non of the decedent, with his or her
will annexed if there be a will, and shall be entitled to all the rights and bound to
perform all the duties of the administrator. For his or her services as administrator
of an estate, the sheriff shall receive from the estate a fee of five percent of the
estate subject to administration, which fee shall be deposited to the treasury of the
county. . . . The court or clerk may, however, at any time afterward revoke such
order and allow any other person to qualify as the executor or administrator; and
the court, or the clerk thereof, shall, at the expiration of the term of office of any
sheriff, commit to his or her successor in office any and all estates which may
appear, by the final report above required to be made by the sheriff at the end of
his or her term, not to have been fully administered. . . .
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permeates the probate process”; that the circuit court denied petitioners’ constitutional rights “to
a fair day in court”; and that the circuit court erred in finding that Respondent Consolidation
Coal had standing to challenge the appointment of the sheriff. “‘This Court reviews the circuit
court’s final order and ultimate disposition under an abuse of discretion standard. We review
challenges to findings of fact under a clearly erroneous standard; conclusions of law are
reviewed de novo.’ Syllabus Point 4, Burgess v. Porterfield, 196 W.Va. 178, 469 S.E.2d 114
(1996).” Syl. Pt. 1, State v. Spade, 225 W.Va. 649, 695 S.E.2d 879 (2010).
We begin with petitioners’ first assignment of error, wherein they argue that the delayed
appointment of the sheriff to administer a long-closed estate would not be improper “where fraud
permeates the probate process.” Petitioners’ argument in this regard is grounded in the assertion
that “[t]he fraudulent conduct of Mr. Kovarbasich [in not disclosing his part in the disconnection
of the alarm] is inextricably intertwined with the probate process.” We disagree. When Mr.
Kovarbasich’s will was admitted to probate and the process was instituted, Mr. Kovarbasich was
deceased. Fraud committed by the decedent during his lifetime—if, indeed, Mr. Kovarbasich
played the part and concealed the facts that petitioners allege, and if his silence may be
characterized as fraud—is wholly unrelated to the probate process initiated more than twenty
years ago. Much less are those actions “intertwined.” Because we find no allegation of fraud
sufficient to resurrect well-settled probate matters, we will not consider the remote possibility
suggested by petitioners that Mr. Kovarbasich, while living, had an insurance policy covering his
actions, and that such a policy would now produce assets for the estate. We do not look behind
the circuit court’s well-reasoned point that the estate is without assets. Estate assets are
“necessary prerequisite” to the appointment of the sheriff under West Virginia Code § 44-1-11,
and the appointment by the county commission was therefore improper. See Syl. Pt. 2, In re:
Plybon, 157 W.Va. 366, 201 S.E.2d 315 (1973).
We turn to petitioners’ second assignment of error, in which they argue that a myriad of
state constitutional violations deprived them of their right to “a fair day in court.” In short,
petitioners argue that the circuit court’s re-closure of the estate denied them equal protection of
the law2, denied the “right to safety”3 of the families of the miners killed in the 1968 explosion,
and denied petitioners a certain remedy in the law4. We disagree. Petitioners have offered no
evidence that the probate laws were not applied uniformly as to them and all other similarly-
situated persons coming within the circumstances of those laws. Neither have petitioners offered
evidence of a legislative enactment impairing their rights or evidence of state action endangering
their well-being. The State’s interest in meeting its citizenry’s expectation of finality in the
probate process is great, and petitioners have offered no justification for our disturbing that
expectation.
With respect to petitioners’ third assignment of error, we find that we need not consider
whether Respondent Consolidation Coal had standing to petition the county commission in this
2
See Article III, Section 10 of the West Virginia Constitution.
3
See Article III, Section 1 of the West Virginia Constitution.
4
See Article III, Section 17 of the West Virginia Constitution.
3
matter, inasmuch as Respondent Sheriff (over no objection apparent on the face of the appendix
record on appeal) joined in the appeal of the county commission’s denial of the petitions. We are
guided by our prior “admonition that no action can be dismissed, if the basis for the dismissal is
that the action was not prosecuted by the real party in interest, until a reasonable opportunity is
provided to allow the proper real party in interest to maintain this action.” Richardson v.
Kennedy, 197 W.Va. 326, 332–33, 475 S.E.2d 418, 424–25 (1996). We explained in Richardson:
When the ground for dismissal in a case is that the real party in interest did not
institute the civil action, the trial court should stay the dismissal of the complaint
and establish a reasonable period of time to allow someone to properly qualify as
the real party in interest. Rule 17(a), West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure.
Syl. Pt. 5, Id. at 327, 475 S.E.2d 418. Though this question is not before us in the context of a
motion to dismiss, we find the precept instructive: justice requires that a case proceed on its
merits when a real party in interest becomes a participant. Petitioners further argue, however,
that Respondent Sheriff also lacks standing because he is obligated, without discretion, to
perform the statutory duties prescribed in West Virginia Code § 44-1-1. Petitioners find
themselves on shaky ground, however, because that section confers on the sheriff “all the rights .
. . of the administrator.” Under the unique circumstances of this case, where the appointment of
the sheriff effected the reopening of the estate, we believe that the administrator is within his
rights to challenge county commission’s actions inasmuch as he is doing so in the interest of the
estate. Respondent Sheriff therefore has standing.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: November 10, 2016
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Allen H. Loughry II
DISQUALIFIED:
Justice Robin Jean Davis
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