IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Tyrone Lampkin, :
Petitioner :
: No. 639 C.D. 2016
v. :
: Submitted: October 7, 2016
Pennsylvania Board of :
Probation and Parole, :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE McCULLOUGH FILED: November 30, 2016
Tyrone Lampkin (Lampkin) petitions for review of the March 15, 2016
order of Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole (Board) that denied his
administrative appeal of a Board order recommitting him as a convicted parole
violator (CPV) to serve twenty-four months’ backtime and recalculating his
maximum sentence date to November 28, 2017.1 We affirm.
On March 15, 2005, a trial court sentenced Lampkin to three to nine
years’ imprisonment following his guilty plea to person not to possess a firearm,
violation of probation, possession of a controlled substance, and possession of a
controlled substance with intent to deliver (PWID). Lampkin’s minimum sentence
1
By per curiam order dated May 20, 2016, this Court appointed counsel to represent
Lampkin in this appeal.
date was September 10, 2007, and his maximum sentence date was September 10,
2013. (Certified Record (C.R.) at 1-3.)
On January 30, 2009, the Board granted Lampkin parole and he was
released on March 16, 2009. Prior to his release, Lampkin signed conditions
governing his parole advising that, “[i]f you are convicted of a crime committed
while on parole/reparole, the Board has the authority, after an appropriate hearing, to
recommit you to serve the balance of the sentence or sentences which you were
serving when paroled/reparoled, with no credit for time at liberty on parole.” (C.R. at
12.)
On November 29, 2012, while Lampkin was on parole, the police
arrested him and charged him with numerous criminal offenses. On May 20, 2015,
Lampkin pled guilty to possession of a controlled substance, PWID, conspiracy to
commit PWID, and possession of a prohibited firearm. On June 5, 2015, the Board
lodged a warrant to detain. On July 31, 2015, the trial court sentenced Lamkpin to
two to four years’ imprisonment in a state correctional institution. Thereafter,
Lampkin signed a waiver form prepared by the Board, waiving his right to a parole
revocation hearing and his right to counsel and admitting that he violated his parole
by committing the crimes for which he was convicted. (C.R. at 53-56, 59, 64-65.)
In a hearing report dated September 16, 2015, the Board accepted
Lampkin’s waivers and admission to being a CPV. (C.R. at 72-79.) On page 3 of the
hearing report appeared the line: “BOARD Only – Credit time spent at liberty on
parole: [ ] No [ ] Yes (Excluded offenses on pg. 8).” In turn, page 8 of the hearing
report lists offenses that are automatically excluded from street time credit pursuant
to section 9714(g) of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S. §9714(g), and Lampkin’s
2
convictions are not listed as one of those enumerated offenses. The Board checked
“No” and denied Lampkin credit. (C.R. at 74.)
By decision dated November 4, 2015, the Board recommitted Lampkin
as a CPV, ordered him to serve twenty-four months backtime, and recalculated his
maximum sentence date from September 10, 2014, to November 28, 2017. In doing
so, the Board cited 6138(a)(2.1) of the Prison and Parole Code (Parole Code), 61
Pa.C.S. §6138(a)(2.1), added by the Act of July 5, 2012, P.L. 1050, and our recent
decision in Pittman v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 131 A.3d 604
(Pa. Cmwlth.) (en banc), appeal granted, 137 A.3d 572 (Pa. 2016). (C.R. at 82-85.)
On December 28, 2015, Lampkin filed a pro se administrative appeal,
arguing that he was entitled to credit for time spent at liberty on parole and that his
maximum sentence date should not have been altered. On March 15, 2016, the
Board denied Lampkin’s petition and affirmed his recommitment as a CPV. (C.R. at
86-96.)
On appeal to this Court,2 Lampkin first asserts that the Board abused its
discretion in failing to exercise any kind of discretion when it denied him credit for
time spent at liberty on parole. Lampkin argues that the complete failure to exercise
discretion is, in and of itself, an abuse of discretion, and that the Board must
expressly state reasons for denying him credit.
Section 6138(a) of the Parole Code provides, in pertinent part, the
following with regard to CPVs:
§6138. Violation of terms of parole.
2
Our scope of review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights were violated,
whether the adjudication was in accordance with the law, and whether necessary findings were
supported by substantial evidence. 2 Pa.C.S. § 702; Adams v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and
Parole, 885 A.2d 1121, 1122 n.1 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2005).
3
(a) Convicted violators.
(1) A parolee under the jurisdiction of the board released
from a correctional facility who, during the period of parole
or while delinquent on parole, commits a crime punishable
by imprisonment, for which the parolee is convicted or
found guilty by a judge or jury or to which the parolee
pleads guilty or nolo contendere at any time thereafter in a
court of record, may at the discretion of the board be
recommitted as a parole violator.
(2) If the parolee’s recommitment is so ordered, the parolee
shall be reentered to serve the remainder of the term
which the parolee would have been compelled to serve had
the parole not been granted and, except as provided under
paragraph (2.1), shall be given no credit for the time at
liberty on parole.
(2.1) The board may, in its discretion, award credit to a
parolee recommitted under paragraph (2) for the time
spent at liberty on parole, unless any of the following
apply:
(i) The crime committed during the period of parole or
while delinquent on parole is a crime of violence as defined
in 42 Pa.C.S. §9714(g) (relating to sentences for second and
subsequent offenses) or a crime requiring registration under
42 Pa.C.S. Ch. 97 Subch. H (relating to registration of
sexual offenders).
61 Pa.C.S. §6138(a)(1)-(2.1)(i) (emphasis added).
In Pittman, Pittman was convicted of a new crime while he was on
parole. The Board’s recommitment hearing report contained the following line:
"BOARD ONLY — Credit time spent at liberty on parole: [ ] No [ ] Yes (excluded
offense on pg. 8).” 131 A.3d at 606. The Board checked “No.” Id. On appeal,
Pittman argued that the Board erred by failing to state its reasons for denying him
credit. This Court rejected this claim, explaining that “there is no statutory basis
4
upon which to find or infer that the Board must issue a statement of reasons for
denying a CPV credit for time spent at liberty on parole under section 6138(a)(2.1) of
the Parole Code” and, therefore, the Board “was not legally required to provide
Pittman with a statement of reasons for denying him credit for time spent at liberty on
parole.” Pittman, 131 A.3d at 614 and 616. Applying principles of statutory
construction, we concluded that “it is incumbent upon the legislature to explicitly
impose such a requirement if it be [its] intent.” Id. at 616.
Pittman is controlling authority for purposes of resolving this case.3 In
Lampkin’s recommitment hearing report, the Board noted that it was not awarding
him credit for his time at liberty on parole by checking the box for “No.” (C.R. 72.)
Under Pittman, this is sufficient to establish that the Board exercised the discretion
afforded to it under section 6138(a)(2.1) of the Parole Code and the Board need not
provide reasons for denying Lampkin credit. Therefore, in accordance with Pittman,
we conclude that the Board did not err in denying Lampkin credit for time spent at
liberty while on parole.
Lampkin also contends that, irrespective of the Parole Code, the Due
Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment4 requires that the Board provide a
statement of reasons for denying him credit. This argument, however, was
considered and rejected in Pittman:
[T]he Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution provides, in relevant part, that no “State [shall]
3
Although our Supreme Court granted allowance of appeal in Pittman, that decision
remains binding on this Court unless or until it is overruled by our Supreme Court. See Pries v.
Workers' Compensation Appeal Board (Verizon Pennsylvania), 903 A.2d 136, 144 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2006).
4
U.S. Const. amend. XIV, §1.
5
deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due
process of law.” U.S. Const. amend. XIV, §1. To maintain
a due process challenge, a party must initially establish the
deprivation of a protected liberty or property interest.
Miller v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Pavex,
Inc.), 918 A.2d 809, 812 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007). Only after
the party establishes the deprivation of a protected interest
will we consider what method of due process is required.
Id.
Here, Pittman has no constitutionally protected liberty
interest in receiving credit for time spent on parole. See
Young v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 409
A.2d 843, 847-48 (Pa. 1979); Tubbs v. Board of Probation
and Parole, 620 A.2d 584, 585-86 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1993);
Thompson v. Cockrell, 263 F.3d 423, 426 (5th Cir. 2001);
Dews v. Waldern, 590 F.Supp.2d 42, 44 (D.D.C. 2008).
Neither does Pittman have a protected property interest
under state law. “When an individual alleges a protected
property interest in the receipt of a state created benefit, the
individual must establish more than a mere expectation to
it; the individual must demonstrate an actual entitlement to
it.” Miller, 918 A.2d at 812. Under section 6138(a)(2.1) of
the Parole Code, credit for time served on parole is at the
Board’s sole discretion (“may, in its discretion”). See
Kentucky Department of Corrections v. Thompson, 490
U.S. 454, 464-65 (1989); Frey v. Fulcomer, 132 F.3d 916,
925 n.7 (3d Cir. 1997).
Pittman, 131 A.3d at 616 n.12. Consistent with Pittman, we conclude that the due
process clause does not command that the Board issue a statement of reasons for
denying Lampkin credit.
Finally, Lampkin argues that the Board erred when it extended his
maximum sentence because the Board does not have the authority to usurp the
judicial function of sentencing. To the contrary, however, “denial of credit . . . does
not effect the sentence in such a manner as would be offensive to the doctrine of
separation of powers,” and the Board’s authority to deny credit under section
6138(a)(2.1) of the Parole Code “is not an encroachment upon the judicial sentencing
6
power.” Young, 409 A.2d at 848. Moreover, the Board’s authority to revoke street
time for convicted parole violators is long settled in this Commonwealth. See
Commonwealth ex rel. Ohodnicki v. Pennsylvania Board of Parole, 211 A.2d 433,
435 (Pa. 1965) (concluding that the Board’s action in denying credit for a convicted
parole violator’s time spent at liberty on parole does not unlawfully extend the term
of his maximum sentence). Consequently, Lampkin’s contention fails.
Accordingly, having determined the Lampkin’s arguments lack merit,
we affirm the Board’s order.
________________________________
PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
7
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Tyrone Lampkin, :
Petitioner :
: No. 639 C.D. 2016
v. :
:
Pennsylvania Board of :
Probation and Parole, :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 30th day of November, 2016, the March 15, 2016
order of Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole is hereby affirmed.
________________________________
PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge